北京市东城区2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期末试题（Word版附解析）

东城区2022—2023学年度第二学期期末教学统一检测高一英语本试卷共10页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用(共三节，38分)第一节选词填空(共13小题;每小题1分，共13分)A用方框中的单词或短语完成句子。decoratebeyondgenerousintelligentfunctionkeeptrackoftryoutadaptto1.It’svery________ofyoutolendmeyourbook.2.Themachinedoesn’t________wellincoldweather.3.After30years,thetownhaschanged________recognition.4.Anyonewithmusicaltalentcan________forthecompetition.5.Whenimportantfestivalsapproach,wewill________thehouses.6.EverytimeIgooutforawalk,Iusethisappto________mysteps.7.Tobecomeanastronaut,youmustbe________enoughtogetarelatedcollegedegree.8.Scientistsareconcernedthatit’sdifficultforanimalsto________theclimatechange.【答案】1.generous2.function3.beyond4.tryout5.decorate6.keeptrackof7.intelligent8.adaptto【解析】【1题详解】考查形容词。句意：你把你的书借给我真是太慷慨了。根据空前的“It’s”，这里应用形容词，作表语。结合空后的“lendmeyourbook”，这里是说你非常慷慨。generous意为“慷慨的”。故填generous。【2题详解】 考查动词。句意：这台机器在寒冷的天气里运转不好。根据空前的“doesn’t”，空处应用动词原形。根据空后的“well”，这里是说机器运转不好。function意为“运转”，为不及物动词。故填function。【3题详解】考查介词。句意：30年后，这个小镇已经变得让人认不出来了。changebeyondrecognition意为“变得面目全非，沧海桑田”，为固定搭配。故填beyond。【4题详解】考查动词短语。句意：任何有音乐天赋的人都可以参加比赛的选拔。根据空前的can，这里应用动词原形。根据空后的“forthecompetition”可知，这里表示参加比赛的选拔，tryoutfor意为“参加……的选拔（或试演）”。故填tryout。【5题详解】考查动词。句意：当重要的节日临近时，我们会装饰房子。根据句中的“importantfestivalsapproach”，重大节日到来时需要装饰房子。decorate意为“装饰”，为及物动词。故填decorate。【6题详解】考查动词短语。句意：每次我出去散步时，我都会使用这个应用程序来记录我的步数。根据空后的“mysteps”，这里是说用应用程序纪录步数。keeptrackof意为“了解……的情况/动态”。故填keeptrackof。【7题详解】考查形容词。句意：要成为一名宇航员，你必须足够聪明以便获得相关的大学学位。根据空后的“getarelatedcollegedegree”，这里是说要聪明到能够获得相关大学学位。intelligent意为“聪明的”。故填intelligent。8题详解】考查动词短语。句意：科学家们担心动物很难适应气候变化。根据空后的“theclimatechange”，这里是说适应气候变化。空前有不定式符号to，这里应用动词原形。adaptto意为“适应”。故填adaptto。B用方框中单词的正确形式完成句子。extinctdefiniteequipusualenergy9.Workingoutregularly,heisalways________.10.Nevergoclimbingwithouttheproper________.11.Theboy’s________behaviourpuzzledthedoctor.12.Manyendangeredspeciesarenowfacingthedangerof________. 13.Itwasanamazingatmosphere—________thebestoneI’veeverexperienced.【答案】9.energetic10.equipment11.unusual12.extinction13.definitely【解析】【9题详解】考查形容词。句意：他经常锻炼，总是精力充沛。根据“Workingoutregularly”可知，此处是指总是精力充沛，名词energy意为“精力”，此处应用其形容词形式energetic表示“精力充沛的”作表语。故填energetic。【10题详解】考查名词。句意：没有适当的装备，千万不要去爬山。根据“Nevergoclimbing”可知，此处是指没有适当的装备，所以应用动词equip“配备”的名词形式equipment表示“设备”作宾语，不可数名词。故填equipment。【11题详解】考查形容词。句意：这个男孩的反常行为使医生感到困惑。根据“puzzledthedoctor”可知，此处是指这个男孩的反常行为，所以应用形容词usual的反义词unusual表示“反常的”作定语。故填unusual。【12题详解】考查名词。句意：许多濒危物种正面临灭绝的危险。根据“Manyendangeredspecies”可知，此处是指正面临灭绝的危险，形容词extinct意为“灭绝的”，此处应用其名词形式extinction表示“灭绝”作宾语，不可数名词。故填extinction。【13题详解】考查副词。句意：那是一种令人惊叹的气氛——绝对是我经历过的最好的气氛。根据“Itwasanamazingatmosphere”可知，此处是指绝对是“我”经历过的最好的气氛，所以应用形容词definite“肯定的”的副词形式definitely表示“绝对地”作状语。故填definitely。第二节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。GusWhitewasdrivinghomefromworkwhenhespottedapairofdogsintheflashofhisheadlights.Itwas snowingsohard.Whatweretheydoingouthere,whenitwastoo____14____fordogstogooutside?Gusparkedhistruckandapproachedtheanimals.He____15____hishandstothem,whichmadenoefforttoescape.Heplacedthedogsonthepassengerseatandtheyweresnuggled(依偎)togetherthere.Gustookapictureofthepairand____16____ittohiswife,KatieWhite.Thenhecalledthe____17____fromthedogs’IDtags.Amananswered.“Igavethosedogsaway,”themansaid.“Well,doyouwantthemback?”“No.”Themanhungup.Thesedogswere____18____inthisworld.Guslookedoveratthem,theirlargeeyesbegging.HecalledKatie.“Bringthemhome”,shesaid.TheWhitespreparedabedforthedogs,alsosettingoutfoodandwater.Asaboy,Gushaddreamedofowningdogsbut____19____thispairwasoutofthequestion—theWhitesalreadyhadafamilydog.Thenextday,theytookthedogstoa____20____todropthemoff—ononecondition.“I’mnotsigningthedogsovertoyouifyou’regoingto____21____them,”Katiesaid.Theshelterworkerspromisedherthey’dkeepthecoupletogether.Inthedaysfollowing,Katiephonedtheshelter____22____tocheckuponPepperandCooper.Soon,thedogswereadopted,asapair,toalovingfamily.It’sasimplestorybutitspeakstothebestofour____23____14.A.wetB.lateC.windyD.cold15.A.reachedoutB.spreadoutC.gaveoutD.pushedout16.A.handedB.tookC.sentD.donated17.A.policeB.passengerC.nameD.number18.A.importantB.fearlessC.friendlyD.homeless19.A.keepingB.curingC.attendingD.training20.A.shopB.shelterC.parkD.street21.A.leaveB.adoptC.separateD.treat22.A.unwillinglyB.casuallyC.repeatedlyD.hardly23.A.powerB.natureC.knowledgeD.worth【答案】14.D15.A16.C17.D18.D19.A20.B21.C22.C23.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。格斯在一个大雪天的路上遇到了一对被抛弃的狗，格斯救助了它们，但是由于家里已经有了一只狗而无法再养它们，格斯和妻子把它们送到了收容所，并一直询问它们的情况，很快，这对狗被一个很有爱的家庭收养了。【14题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意；天气太冷了，狗不能出去，它们在外面干什么？A.wet湿的；B.late迟到的；C.windy风大的；D.cold寒冷的。根据前文“Itwassnowingsohard.(雪下得很大。)”可知，此处是指天气太冷了。故选D。【15题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他向它们伸出双手，它们没有试图逃跑。A.reachedout伸出；B.spreadout展开；C.gaveout分发；D.pushedout推出。根据“hishandstothem”可知，此处是指他向它们伸出双手。故选A。【16题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：格斯给这对狗拍了张照片，发给了他的妻子凯蒂·怀特。A.handed递；B.took拿走；C.sent发送；D.donated捐赠。根据“Gustookapictureofthepair”可知，此处是指把照片发给了他的妻子。故选C。【17题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他拨打了狗的身份牌上的号码。A.police警察；B.passenger乘客；C.name名字；D.number号码。根据后文“Amananswered.(一个男人接听了电话。)”可知，此处是指他拨打了狗的身份牌上的号码。故选D。【18题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：狗狗们在这个世界上无家可归了。A.important重要的；B.fearless无畏的；C.friendly友好的；D.homeless无家可归的。根据前文“Igavethosedogsaway(狗我不要了)”可知，此处是指狗狗们在这个世界上无家可归了。故选D。【19题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当格斯还是个孩子的时候，他就梦想着养狗，但不可能养这两只狗——怀特家已经有了一只狗。A.keeping养；B.curing治愈；C.attending出席；D.training训练。根据“theWhitesalreadyhadafamilydog”可知，此处是指不可能养这两只狗。故选A。【20题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二天，他们把狗送到收容所，但有一个条件。A.shop商店；B.shelter收容所；C.park公园；D.street街。根据后文“Inthedaysfollowing,Katiephonedtheshelter”可知，此处是指他们把狗送到收容所。故选B。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“如果你们要把狗分开，我不会把它们交给你们的。”凯蒂说。A.leave离开；B.adopt采用；C.separate分开；D.treat接待。根据后文“Theshelterworkerspromisedherthey’dkeepthecoupletogether.(收容所的工作人员向她保证，他们会让这对狗在一起。)” 可知，此处是指凯蒂让工作人员保证不把这对狗分开。故选C。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几天里，凯蒂不断给收容所打电话，询问佩珀和库珀的情况。A.unwillingly不情愿地；B.casually随意地；C.repeatedly不断地；D.hardly几乎不。根据“Inthedaysfollowing”可知，此处是指凯蒂不断给收容所打电话。故选C。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个简单的故事，但它道出了我们本性中最美好的一面。A.power力量；B.nature本性；C.knowledge知识；D.worth价值。根据“itspeakstothebestofour”可知，此处是指故事道出了我们本性中最美好的一面。故选B。第三节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。In2009,Whitacrereceivedavideoofagirl____24____wassingingoneofhisworks.Inspired,heaskedhisfans____25____(make)videos,whichhethenjoinedtogetherintooneperformance.Hisfirstvirtualchoirhad185singers____26____12differentcountries.IthasreceivedmillionsofviewsontheInternet.Sincethen,thevirtualchoir____27____(become)aworldwidephenomenon.【答案】24.who##that25.tomake26.from27.hasbecome【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了虚拟合唱团的来源。【24题详解】考查定语从句。句意：2009年，惠塔克收到了一段视频，视频中有一个女孩在唱他的一首作品。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为girl，所以应用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。【25题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：受此启发，他让他的粉丝制作视频，然后他将这些视频拼接成一场表演。asksbtodo意为“要求某人做某事”，此处用todo不定式作宾语补足语。故填tomake。【26题详解】考查介词。句意：他的第一个虚拟合唱团有来自12个不同国家的185名歌手。根据“12differentcountries”可知，此处是指来自12个不同国家，所以应用介词from表示“来自”。故填from。 【27题详解】考查现在完成时和主谓一致。句意：从那时起，虚拟合唱团已经成为一种全球现象。根据sincethen可知，此处应用现在完成时。主语为第三人称单数。故填hasbecome。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。In1941,DrLinbecamethefirstChinesewomanevertobeappointeddirectoroftheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital,butjustafewmonthslater,thedepartment____28____(close)becauseofthewar.____29____(think)ofallthepeoplestillinneedofhelp,DrLinopenedaprivateclinic.Shechargedverylowfeestotreatpatientsandoftenreducedcostsforpoorpatients.Attimesshewasevenseen____30____(ride)adonkeytofarawayvillagestoprovidemedicalcare.【答案】28.wasclosed29.Thinking30.riding【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了林医生在北京协和医学院妇产科关闭后，依然尽自己所能去帮助人们。【28题详解】考查主谓一致、动词时态和语态。句意：1941年，林医生成为有史以来第一位被任命为北京协和医学院妇产科主任的中国女性，但仅仅几个月后，该科因战争而关闭。空处but作后面分句的谓语。close意为“停业，关闭”时既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。作及物动词时，close和thedepartment之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态。根据时间状语“In1941”可知，这里应用一般过去时。故填wasclosed。29题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：想到所有仍然需要帮助的人，林医生开了一家私人诊所。分析句子结构，空处应用非谓语动词。think和逻辑主语DrLin之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词的一般式，作原因状语。故填Thinking。【30题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有时甚至有人看到她骑着驴子去遥远的村庄提供医疗服务。seesb.dosth.意为“看到某人做某事”，省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，表示看到动作的全过程，其被动形式为sb.beseentodosth.，不定式作主语补足语；seesb.doingsth.意为“看到某人正在做某事”，现在分词作宾语补足语，表示看到动作正在进行，其被动形式为sb.beseendoingsth. ，现在分词作主语补足语。根据句意，这里是说看到她当时骑着驴子的瞬间，应用现在分词。故填riding。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。TheDragonBoatFestivalisatraditionalChineseholiday____31____(celebrate)bymanypeopletoday.It____32____(fall)onthefifthdayofthefifthlunarmonth.Therearemanyactivitiesandcustoms,suchas____33____(race)dragonboats.Itisalsoanoccasionforfamiliestogatherandforpeopletopayrespecttothefamouspoet,QuYuan.【答案】31.celebrated32.falls33.racing【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了端午节这一中国传统节日。【31题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：端午节是中国的传统节日，今天很多人都在庆祝。分析句子结构，本句是一个简单句，谓语是is，所以空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语atraditionalChineseholiday和celebrate之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填celebrated。【32题详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：它正好在农历五月初五。fall意为“发生”，为不及物动词，没有被动语态，fallon…意为“适逢某时”。主语为It，谓语应用单数形式。这里陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。故填falls。【33题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这里有许多活动和习俗，例如赛龙舟。suchas“例如”后跟名词、动名词等。race意为“使比赛”，其逻辑主语是人，二者之间是主谓关系，所以这里应用动名词的一般式。故填racing。第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题2分，共20分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AFamilydaysoutcanbeexpensivebutit’spossibletosticktoabudgetduringthesummerholidaysbytakingadvantageofthefollowingactivities. OutdooractivitiesAtBrimhamRocks,thereisaone-hourrockexploreractivityon14July.Theactivityisfree,althoughcar-parkingchargesapplyfornon-NationalTrustmembers.Whilegettingoutintonaturehaslotsofbenefits,sometimesyouneedanextraactivitytokeepthingsinteresting.Forexample,theWoodlandTrustishostingatreeplantingeventatYonderOakWood,nearExmouthinDevon.Therearemorningandafternoonsessionson18and19July.Itisfreetoattendbutonlinebookingaheadoftimeisessential.RainhamMarshes,theRSPBnaturereserveinPurfleet,Essex,isrunninganartsprogrammeforchildrenagedthreetotenon14July.Youcansignuponlineandticketscost£3.Itisalsohostingpond-dippingactivitieson15July(upto£5.50).Arts,craftsandmuseumsForLondonersorthosevisitingthecapitalduringtheholiday,theSouthbankCentreishostingtheImagineChildren’sFestival(until18July),wheremanyeventsarefree,includinghip-hopdanceworkshops,andlivemusicshows.TheTateModernishostingThreads,afreefamilyeventrunningfrom11—19Julywhereyouworktogethertocreateyourownartworkusingcolorfulthreadsandtextiles.TheRoyalAirForceMuseumLondon(freeentry)inHendonhasarangeoffreeactivitiesonofferoverthesamedates,includingarobot-codingworkshop,aradarmathschallengeandtotebagmaking.AndtheVictoriaandAlbertMuseuminSouthKensingtonisrunningfreeChinesethemedeventsincludingadrop-inworkshopforfamilieswhereyoumakeatraditionalChinesekite(15—17July).34.Whereisthetreeplantingeventheld?A.AtBrimhamRocks.B.AtYonderOakWood.C.InRSPBnaturereserve.D.IntheSouthbankCentre.35.WhatcanyoudoattheImagineChildren’sFestival?A.Takedanceclasses.B.Createanartwork.C.Learnrobot-coding.D.MakeaChinesekite.36.Thepassageisintendedfor________.A.artistsB.teachersC.guidesD.parents【答案】34.B35.A36.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了两种暑假期间省钱的家庭旅游活动。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据“Outdooractivities”下面的“Forexample,theWoodlandTrustishostingatreeplanting eventatYonderOakWood,nearExmouthinDevon.(例如，伍德兰信托基金会正在德文郡埃克斯茅斯附近的YonderOakWood举办植树活动)”可知，植树活动会在YonderOakWood举办。故选B。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据“Arts,craftsandmuseums”下面的“ForLondonersorthosevisitingthecapitalduringtheholiday,theSouthbankCentreishostingtheImagineChildren’sFestival(until18July),wheremanyeventsarefree,includinghip-hopdanceworkshops,andlivemusicshows.(对于伦敦人或假期期间参观首都的人，南岸中心将举办想象儿童节，一直持续到7月18日，许多活动都是免费的，包括街舞讲习班和现场音乐表演)”可知，在ImagineChildren’sFestival可以上舞蹈课。故选A。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据文章首句“Familydaysoutcanbeexpensivebutit’spossibletosticktoabudgetduringthesummerholidaysbytakingadvantageofthefollowingactivities.(家庭出游可能会很昂贵，但在暑假期间，可以通过以下活动来坚持预算)”可知，本文主要是介绍了可以省钱的家庭旅游活动，由此可推测出，这篇文章是为家长而准备的。故选D。BHibernationisnotjustsleep.Whilewesleep,ourbrainsfireupandbecomehighlyactive;inhibernation,onthecontrary,brainactivitycompletelyslowsdown.Thebodytemperatureofhibernatinganimalsalsodrops,insomecasesclosetothefreezingpoint.Cells(细胞)stopdividingandheartratedecreasestotwobeatsperminute.Yet,onceit’stimetowakeup,hibernatinganimalscomebacktolifewithoutanysignificantsideeffectslikefreezing,muscleloss,orlossofbonedensityduringthelongwintermonths.Thesame,however,can’tbesaidaboutpeoplewhowakeupfromlong-termmedicalcomas(昏迷),oreventhosewhohavetostayinbedforlongperiodsoftime.Suchpeople,justlikeastronautsinmicrogravity,wouldsufferfromawiderangeofsideeffectsthatcomefromnotactivelyusingtheirbodies.Scientistsarethereforelookingintohibernationresearchwiththeaimofdevelopingwaystocausehibernationinfuturespaceastronauts.Recently,KellyDrew,aprofessorofchemistryandbiochemistry,hasbeenrewardedforhisresearch.TheideaisthatratherthanhavingastronautssitformonthsinatinyMars-boundcapsule,consumingfood,waterandair,andgraduallywastingawayfromnotdoingmuchinmicrogravity,apartofthecrewmemberscouldbeplacedintohibernation.Thehibernatingastronautswouldn’tneedanyfoodorwaterandcouldmanagewithmuchlessair—yettheywouldwakeupwiththeirbonesandmusclesinamuchbetterconditionthanthoseoftheirawakecounterparts.“Thisresearchcouldbeusedtohelpfuturemissions,fromtheextremeofmedicallycausedhibernationfor longtermspacemissions,protectingastronautsfromcabinfever,radiation,andmuchmore,”hesaid.“Itcouldalsoproveeffectiveinpreventingmuscleandbonelossinzerogravity.”Thestateofhibernationcouldalsohelpinthemedicalsettingtohelpprotectpatientssufferingfromlife-threateningconditionssuchasheartattacksandstrokes.“Thiscouldmeanthatpatientswhohavesufferedfromastrokeorheartattackcouldbeplacedinmedicallycausedhibernationuntiltheycanbetransportedtoahospitaltoreceivecare,whichcouldsignificantlyimprovemedicaloutcomes,”thescientistsaid.37.WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph1?A.Theworkingprinciplesofhibernation.B.Theuniquefeaturesofhibernation.C.Themajorreasonsforhibernation.D.Thesideeffectsofhibernation.38.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“counterparts”inParagraph3referto?A.Bonesandmuscles.B.Brains.C.Astronauts.D.Patients.39.Whatwillscientistsprobablydointhefutureresearch?A.Studyhibernatinganimalsinspacemissions.B.Findwaystoputpeopleintohibernation.C.Improvemedicaltreatmentsforpatients.D.Seekcuresforlife-threateningdiseases.【答案】37.B38.C39.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。与睡觉不同，冬眠的动物在醒来时就会恢复活力，没有任何明显的副作用，因此，科学家们正在进行冬眠研究，目的是找到让未来的太空宇航员冬眠的方法，并且，在医疗环境中，冬眠状态也可以帮助保护那些患有心脏病和中风等危及生命的疾病的病人。【37题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段前五句“Hibernationisnotjustsleep.Whilewesleep,ourbrainsfireupandbecomehighlyactive;inhibernation,onthecontrary,brainactivitycompletelyslowsdown.Thebodytemperatureofhibernatinganimalsalsodrops,insomecasesclosetothefreezingpoint.Cells(细胞)stopdividingandheartratedecreasestotwobeatsperminute.Yet,onceit’stimetowakeup,hibernatinganimalscomebacktolifewithoutanysignificantsideeffectslikefreezing,muscleloss,orlossofbonedensityduringthelongwintermonths.(冬眠不仅仅是睡觉。当我们睡觉时，我们的大脑兴奋起来，变得高度活跃；相反，在冬眠中，大脑活动完全减慢。冬眠动物的体温也会下降，在某些情况下接近冰点。细胞停止分裂，心率下降到每分钟两次。然而，一旦醒来，冬眠的动物就会恢复活力，没有任何明显的副作用，比如在漫长的冬季里冻死、肌肉损失或骨密度损失)”可知，第一段主要是讲冬眠的独特特点。故选B。【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段最后一句中的“yettheywouldwakeupwiththeirbonesandmusclesinamuchbetterconditionthan(然而，当他们醒来时，他们的骨骼和肌肉状况要比……好得多)”和awake(醒着的)可知，此处是指进入冬眠状态的宇航员在醒来时会比他们醒着的同伴的骨骼和肌肉状况好得多，所以counterparts是指“宇航员”。故选C。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Scientistsarethereforelookingintohibernationresearchwiththeaimofdevelopingwaystocausehibernationinfuturespaceastronauts.(因此，科学家们正在进行冬眠研究，目是找到让未来的太空宇航员冬眠的方法)”和倒第二段“Thestateofhibernationcouldalsohelpinthemedicalsettingtohelpprotectpatientssufferingfromlife-threateningconditionssuchasheartattacksandstrokes.(在医疗环境中，冬眠状态也可以帮助保护那些患有心脏病和中风等危及生命的疾病的病人)”可推知，在未来的研究中，科学家可能会想办法让人们进入冬眠状态。故选B。CWillchatbotsthatcangeneratefascinatingarticlesdestroyeducationasweknowit?NewYorkCity’sDepartmentofEducationrecentlybanned(禁止)theuseofChatGPT.“Whilethetoolmaybeabletoprovidequickandeasyanswerstoquestions,”saystheofficialstatement,“itdoesnotbuildcritical-thinkingskills,whicharenecessaryforacademicandlifelongsuccess.”Banningsuchuseoftechnologyfromtheclassroomisanearsightedresponse.Instead,wemustfindawayforwardinwhichsuchtechnologiescombinewellwith,ratherthanreplace,studentthinking.BanningChatGPTisimpossibleinpractice.Studentswillfindwaysaroundtheban,whichwillcauseafurtherdefensiveresponsefromteachersandadministrators,andsoon.It’shardtobelievethatacloseracebetweenthosedigitalnativesandtheireducatorswillendinadecisivevictoryforthelatter.Infact,chatbotsmaywellspeedupatrend(趋向)towardvaluingcriticalthinking.Inaworldwherecomputerscanfluentlyansweranyquestion,studentsneedtogetmuchbetteratdecidingwhatquestionstoaskandhowtofact-checktheanswerstheprogramgenerates.Sohowdoweencourageyoungpeopletousetheirmindswhenrealthinkingissohardtotellapartfromitssimulacrum(假象)?Teachersofcourse,willstillwanttowatchstudentstakingold-fashioned,in-person,no-chatbot-allowedexamstocheckthattheydonotcheat.Butwemustalsofigureouthowtodosomethingnew:howtousetoolslikeGPTtoinspiredeeperthinking.GPToftengeneratestextthatisfluentand“reasonable”—butwrong.Sousingitrequiresthesamementalheavyliftingthatwritingdoes:forminganopinion,creatinganoutline,pickingwhichpointstoexplainandwhichto drop,andlookingforsupportingfacts.GPTcanhelpwiththosetasks,butitcan’tputthemalltogether.Writingagoodessaystillrequireslotsofhumanthoughtandwork.Indeed,writingisthinking,andgoodwritingisgoodthinking.Oneapproachistofocusontheprocessasmuchastheresult.Forinstance,teachersmightrequirefourdraftsofanessay.Afterall,asJohnMcPhee,thefamouswriter,said,“thecentralnatureoftheprocessisrevision.”Eachdraftgetsfeedbackfromtheteacher,frompeersorevenfromachatbot.Thenthestudentsproducethenextdraft,andsoon.WillAIonedayoutperformhumanbeingsinthinking?Maybe,butfornow,wemustthinkforourselves.Likeanytool,GPTisanenemyofthinkingonlyifwefailtofindwaystomakeitourpartner.40.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheban?A.Understandable.B.Irresponsible.C.Unwise.D.Necessary.41.WhyisitimpossibletobanChatGPTinpractice?A.Becausestudentsaredigitallyfluent.B.Becauseschoolswilldefendtheban.C.BecauseChatGPTwillkeepdeveloping.D.Becausepeopletreasurecriticalthinking.42.HowdoestheauthorexplainhisideainParagraph6?A.Byquotingothers.B.Bypresentingfacts.C.Bygivingexamples.D.Byshowingsimilarities.43.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.IsGPTaprocessoraresult?B.WillGPToutperformstudents?C.WhyChatbotsbecomeanewtrend?D.HowcanChatbotsserveeducation?【答案】40.C41.A42.B43.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。针对纽约市教育部门最近禁止使用ChatGPT的事件，作者进行了分析和讨论，并认为禁止在课堂上使用这种技术是一种目光短浅的反应，使用ChatGPT依然需要人类进行理性思维和判断，甚至对人类的批判思考能力有更高的要求，我们应该学会很好地利用这种技术而不是禁止它。【40题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Banningsuchuseoftechnologyfromtheclassroomisanearsightedresponse.Instead,wemustfindawayforwardinwhichsuchtechnologiescombinewellwith,ratherthanreplace,studentthinking.(禁止在课堂上使用这种技术是一种目光短浅的反应。相反，我们必须找到一条前进的道路，让这些技术与学生的思维很好地结合在一起，而不是取代学生的思维。)”可知，作者认为这一禁令很不明智。故选C。【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Studentswillfindwaysaroundtheban,whichwillcauseafurtherdefensiveresponsefromteachersandadministrators,andsoon.(学生们会找到绕开禁令的方法，这将引起教师和管理人员进一步的防御性反应，等等。)”可知，不可能在实践中禁止ChatGPT是因为学生们对数字技术很精通。故选A。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据第六段最后五句“GPToftengeneratestextthatisfluentand“reasonable”—butwrong.Sousingitrequiresthesamementalheavyliftingthatwritingdoes:forminganopinion,creatinganoutline,pickingwhichpointstoexplainandwhichtodrop,andlookingforsupportingfacts.GPTcanhelpwiththosetasks,butitcan’tputthemalltogether.Writingagoodessaystillrequireslotsofhumanthoughtandwork.Indeed,writingisthinking,andgoodwritingisgoodthinking.(GPT通常生成流畅且“合理”的文本，但却是错误的。因此，使用它需要和写作一样的脑力劳动：形成观点，创建大纲，选择要解释哪些要点，哪些要点要放弃，寻找支持事实。GPT可以帮助完成这些任务，但它不能把它们放在一起。写一篇好文章仍然需要很多人的思考和工作。的确，写作就是思考，好的写作就是好的思考。)”可知，作者通过陈述事实来解释他的观点。故选B。【43题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Willchatbotsthatcangeneratefascinatingarticlesdestroyeducationasweknowit?(聊天机器人是否会像我们所知道的那样摧毁教育？)”和最后一段“WillAIonedayoutperformhumanbeingsinthinking?Maybe,butfornow,wemustthinkforourselves.Likeanytool,GPTisanenemyofthinkingonlyifwefailtofindwaystomakeitourpartner.(人工智能有一天会超越人类的思维能力吗？也许吧，但现在，我们必须为自己考虑。像任何工具一样，只有当我们找不到方法让它成为我们的伙伴时，GPT才是思考的敌人。)”可知，文章主要是讲人工智能是否有一天会超越人类的思维能力从而摧毁教育。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Inthe17thcenturywhenaBritishbusinessmanheardthattherewereonehundredmillionpeopleinChina,hewasdeterminedtogothereandsellspoons.Hethoughtevenifhecouldearnonepennyforonespoon,hewouldstillmakealotofmoney.____44____Then,whydotheChinesepeopleusechopsticks?SomepeopledidresearchontheoriginofChina’schopsticks.OnetheoryisthatchopstickswereveryconvenientforChinesetousebecauseChinawasanagriculturalsociety,relyingmainlyonvegetablesforfood.Whenwesteamedorboiledfood,itwasdifficultforustousespoonstodipvegetablesinthesoup.____45____Westerners,ontheotherhand,travelledwiththeiranimals fromplacetoplaceandlivedonmeat.Forthem,knivesandforksweremorepractical.Chopsticksreflectgentlenessandkindness,themainmoralteachingofConfucianism.____46____First,don’tuseittohitthesideofyourbowlorplatetomakenoises,becauseChinesepeoplethinkonlybeggarswoulddothistobegformeals.____47____Itmeansyoulaytheblameonothers.Also,don’tstickyourchopsticksuprightinthericebowl.Thatusuallyappearsatthefuneralsandisbelievedtobeimpolitetothehostandtheseniorswhoareatthetable.Today,chopstickshavebecomeatypicalpartofChineseculture,symbolisingthepowerofunity.____48____However,tenpairsofchopsticksrepresentstrength,whichmeanstheywon’tbreakoffinanycases.WeChinesepeopledrawonthisspirit,whichalwaysinspiresandencouragesustoworkhandinhandforabetterfuture.A.Asaresult,spoonsweredesignedandpreferredbyWesterners.B.Buttohissurprise,theChinesepeopleusechopsticks,notspoons.C.Therefore,Chinesepeoplecleverlyinventedchopstickstopickfood.D.Besides,neverpointatpeoplewithyourchopstickswhileusingthem.E.Indeed,onechopstickisuselessandsodelicatethatitcanbebrokenreadily.F.Sothesevirtueshavegraduallybecometherulespeoplefollowintheirdailylife.G.Therearesomerulesaboutusingchopsticksthatyoushouldpaygreatattentionto.【答案】44.B45.C46.F47.D48.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了中国筷子的起源和文化意义，以及使用筷子的一些礼仪规则。文章指出，筷子是中国人因为饮食习惯而发明的，代表着团结的力量和温和的品德。同时，使用筷子也有一些禁忌和规矩需要遵守。文章最后强调了筷子所代表的团结精神，鼓励人们共同努力创造更美好的未来。【44题详解】根据前文“Inthe17thcenturywhenaBritishbusinessmanheardthattherewereonehundredmillionpeopleinChina,hewasdeterminedtogothereandsellspoons.Hethoughtevenifhecouldearnonepennyforonespoon,hewouldstillmakealotofmoney.(17世纪，一位英国商人听说中国有一亿人口，就下决心去中国卖勺子。他想，即使一个勺子能挣一分钱，他也会赚很多钱。)”可知，后文应该强调该事情的结果。B选项“Buttohissurprise,theChinesepeopleusechopsticks,notspoons.(但令他惊讶的是，中国人用筷子，而不是勺子。)”承接前文。故选B。【45题详解】根据前文“Whenwesteamedorboiledfood,itwasdifficultforustousespoonstodipvegetablesinthesoup.(当我们蒸或煮食物时，我们很难用勺子把蔬菜浸在汤里。)”可知，此处应该强调解决该问题的方式。C选项 “Therefore,Chinesepeoplecleverlyinventedchopstickstopickfood.(因此，中国人聪明地发明了筷子来挑选食物。)”承接前文。故选C。【46题详解】根据前文“Chopsticksreflectgentlenessandkindness,themainmoralteachingofConfucianism.(筷子体现了儒学的主要道德教育——温柔和善良。)”可知，筷子体现了儒学的主要道德教育——温柔和善良。后文应该继续对该主题进行强调。F选项“Sothesevirtueshavegraduallybecometherulespeoplefollowintheirdailylife.(因此，这些美德逐渐成为人们在日常生活中遵循的规则。)”指出，这些美德逐渐成为人们在日常生活中遵循的规则。thesevirtues指代前文的gentlenessandkindness。故选F。【47题详解】根据后文“Itmeansyoulaytheblameonothers.(这意味着你把责任推给别人。)”可知，此处指出用筷子指着别人意味着把责任推给别人。D选项“Besides,neverpointatpeoplewithyourchopstickswhileusingthem.(此外，不要用筷子指着别人。)”与下文的it呼应，且First和Besides是并列关系。故选D。【48题详解】根据前文“Today,chopstickshavebecomeatypicalpartofChineseculture,symbolisingthepowerofunity.(如今，筷子已成为中国文化的典型组成部分，象征着团结的力量。)”可知，此处强调筷子象征着团结的力量。同时根据后文“However,tenpairsofchopsticksrepresentstrength,whichmeanstheywon’tbreakoffinanycases.(然而，十双筷子代表力量，这意味着它们在任何情况下都不会折断。)”可知，前文应该与此处构成转折关系。E选项“Indeed,onechopstickisuselessandsodelicatethatitcanbebrokenreadily.(事实上，一根筷子是没有用的，它是如此脆弱，很容易被折断。)”指出一根筷子容易折断，与后文构成转折关系。故选E。第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第49、50题各2分，第51题3分，第52题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Formost12-year-olds,anyfreetimeafterschoolisspenthangingoutwithfriends,competinginsports,orplayingvideogames.ButAlejandroBuxtonhasanotherdream:makingall-naturalcandlesthathesellsonlineandatalocalmall.Theideawasinspiredbyhismother,whohadtogiveupmanyofthescentedcandlesshe’dfilledtheirhomewithafterrealizingthechemicalswithinthemwereworseningherallergies(过敏),causingherfrequentheadaches.So,in2019,atjust9yearsold,theboystartedexperimentingwithmakinghisown,mixingingredientslikesoyandcoconutwaxeswithessentialoils.Hecalledhisfirstwork“JurassicOrange,”foritscolorandpleasantsmell.Thoughhismotherwasabigfan,andthescentdidn’tcauseherheadtoache,Buxtonwantedtoimprove uponhiswork.Withinthenextfewmonths,he’ddevelopedalineofsixuniquelyscentedcandles.Bythefollowingyear,duringtheworldwidelockdowns,he’dcreatedhisownonlineshop.Soonafter,Alejandrobegansellinghisproductsonhisownwebsite,“SmellofLoveCandles,”whereshopperscanfindofferingswithcreativenameslike“SagetheDay!”and“Alexa,cleanthehouse.”Healsolistsotherproductssuchasroomspraysforsale.Accordingtothesite,hisyoungersisterValentinaservesasassistantofoperationswhilehismothertakestheroleofassistanttotheCEO.Now,heisoperatinghisbusinessinalocalmallaswell.ThispastSeptember,heopenedastandinD.C.’sTysonsCornershoppingcenter—makinghimtheyoungestleaseholder(承租人)atthemall.Besidesinspiringfellowkidswithhisentrepreneurialspiritandtalent,Alejandroisalsoapositiverolemodelforgivingbackandmakingadifference:Hedonatesapartofhisprofitstoalocalcharity.Withtheexperienceandknowledgehe’sgainingfromrunningthisbusinessatsuchayoungage,Alejandrohopestoonedaygoontocreateanengineeringbusiness.49.WhatisAlejandro’sdream?________________50.Whydidtheboycomeupwiththeidea?________________51.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.•Alejandroisasuccessfulbusinessmanbecausehebeganhiscandlebusinessandstartedanengineeringbusinessatayoungage.________________52.AmongAlejandro’squalities,whichonedoyouthinkwillbeimportantforyou?Why?(Inabout40words)________________【答案】49.Makingall-naturalcandlesthathesellsonlineandatalocalmall.50.Becausehismotherhadtogiveupmanyofthescentedcandlesafterrealizingthechemicalswithinthemwereworseningherallergies,causingherfrequentheadaches.51.Alejandroisasuccessfulbusinessmanbecausehebeganhiscandlebusinessandstartedanengineeringbusinessatayoungage.Becausehejusthopestoonedaygoontocreateanengineeringbusiness.52.Theentrepreneurialspirit.BecauseI’malwaysafraidofthetroubleandobstaclespossiblyexistingintheprocess ofstartingabusiness,whichisthebiggestproblemformetohavemyownbusiness.【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。12岁的亚历杭德罗·巴克斯顿自己制作了香味独特的纯天然蜡烛，并成功地拥有了自己的事业。【49题详解】考查细节理解。根据第一段最后一句“ButAlejandroBuxtonhasanotherdream:makingall-naturalcandlesthathesellsonlineandatalocalmall.(但亚历杭德罗·巴克斯顿还有另一个梦想：制作纯天然蜡烛，并在网上和当地一家商场出售。)”可知，亚历杭德罗的梦想是制作纯天然蜡烛，并在网上和当地一家商场出售。故答案为Makingall-naturalcandlesthathesellsonlineandatalocalmall。【50题详解】考查细节理解。根据第二段“Theideawasinspiredbyhismother,whohadtogiveupmanyofthescentedcandlesshe’dfilledtheirhomewithafterrealizingthechemicalswithinthemwereworseningherallergies(过敏),causingherfrequentheadaches.(这个想法的灵感来自于他的母亲，在意识到香薰蜡烛中的化学物质会加剧她的过敏，导致她经常头痛后，她不得不放弃家里满满当当的许多香薰蜡烛。)”可知，这个男孩有了这个想法是因为他的母亲在意识到香薰蜡烛中的化学物质会加剧她的过敏，导致她经常头痛后，不得不放弃了许多香薰蜡烛。故答案为Becausehismotherhadtogiveupmanyofthescentedcandlesafterrealizingthechemicalswithinthemwereworseningherallergies,causingherfrequentheadaches。【51题详解】考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Withtheexperienceandknowledgehe’sgainingfromrunningthisbusinessatsuchayoungage,Alejandrohopestoonedaygoontocreateanengineeringbusiness.(亚历杭德罗在这么年轻的时候就经营这家公司，积累了丰富的经验和知识，他希望有一天能创办一家工程公司。)”可知，亚历杭德罗只是希望，却还没有创办一家工程公司。所以“andstartedanengineeringbusiness”这部分是错误的。故答案为Alejandroisasuccessfulbusinessmanbecausehebeganhiscandlebusinessandstartedanengineeringbusinessatayoungage.Becausehejusthopestoonedaygoontocreateanengineeringbusiness.。【52题详解】考查开放性回答。考生需要挑选文章中亚历杭德罗的一个品质，并解释为什么这一品质对自己很重要，并注意答案应控制在40个单词之内。答案为Theentrepreneurialspirit.BecauseI’malwaysafraidofthetroubleandobstaclespossiblyexistingintheprocessofstartingabusiness,whichisthebiggestproblemformetohavemyownbusiness。第二节(20分)53.假如你是红星中学高一学生李华。第19届杭州亚运会音乐作品征集活动正在进行，请你给英国好友 Jim写邮件邀请他参加。内容包括：1．活动介绍；2．邀请参加。注意：1．词数100左右；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。提示词：第19届杭州亚运会the19thAsianGamesHangzhou组委会theorganizingcommitteeDearJim,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】Onepossibleversion：DearJim,I’mwritingtotellyouapieceofgoodnewsthatacampaigncallingforsongsforthe19thAsianGamesHangzhouistakingplacethesedays.Iwanttoinviteyoutotakepart.Thecampaignisorganizedbytheorganizingcommittee,lastinguntilMarch1st,2023.ThesongshouldreflectChineseculturalvaluesandthefeaturesofthecityofHangzhou.Onlytheoriginalsongwillbeaccepted.Besides,thecreationcanbereceivedbyemailorbypost.Youhaveagreattalentformusic,soIwouldlikeyoutograspthischancetoshowyourtalenttotheworld.Yours,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作，要求考生英国好友Jim写封邀请信，邀请他参加第19届杭州亚运会音乐作品征集活动，并介绍活动内容。【详解】1.词汇积累呼吁：callfor→appealfor 参加：takepart→participate组织：organize→arrange持续：last→continue有……天赋：haveatalentfor→begiftedin/haveagiftfor2.句式拓展简单句变为复合句原句：Thecampaignisorganizedbytheorganizingcommittee,lastinguntilMarch1st,2023.拓展句：Thecampaignisorganizedbytheorganizingcommittee,whichlastsuntilMarch1st,2023.【点睛】【高分句型1】I’mwritingtotellyouapieceofgoodnewsthatacampaigncallingforsongsforthe19thAsianGamesHangzhouistakingplacethesedays.(使用了不定式短语作目的状语、that引导同位语从句、现在分词短语作后置定语)