高考英语二轮复习模块1语篇能力专题1阅读理解第4讲主旨大意题

模块一　专题一　第4讲A(2021·山西朔州市高三一模)Hundredsofpeopledieatseaeveryyearduetoshipandairplaneaccidents.Emergencyteamshavelittletimetorescuethoseinthewaterbecausetheprobabilityoffindingapersonalivefalldramaticallyaftersixhours.Beyondtidesandchallengingweatherconditions,unsteadycoastalcurrentsoftenmakesearchandrescueoperationsextremelydifficult.NewinsightintocoastalflowsgainedbyaninternationalresearchteamledbyGeorgeHaller,ProfessorofNonlinearDynamicsatETHZurich,promisestoenhancethesearchandrescuetechniquescurrentlyinuse.Usingtoolsfromdynamicalsystemstheoryandoceandata,theteamhasdevelopedanalgorithm(算法)topredictwhereobjectsandpeoplefloatinginwaterwillgo.“Ourworkhasaclearpotentialtosavelives，”saysMattiaSerra,thefirstauthorofastudyrecentlypublishedinNatureCommunications.Intoday’srescueoperationsatsea,complicatedmodelsofoceandynamicsandweatherforecastingareusedtopredictthepathoffloatingobjects.Forfast-changingcoastalwaters,however,suchpredictionsareofteninaccurateduetouncertainboundariesandmissingdata.Asaresult,asearchmaybelaunchedinthewronglocation,causingalossofprecioustime.Haller’sresearchteamobtainedmathematicalresultspredictingthatobjectsfloatingontheocean’ssurfaceshouldgatheralongafewspecialcurves(曲线)whichtheycallTRansientAttractingProfiles(TRAPs)．Thesecurvescan’tbeseenwithoureyesbutcanbetrackedfrominstantoceansurfacecurrentdatausingrecentmathematicalmethodsdevelopedbytheETHteam.Thisenablesquickandpreciseplanningofsearchpathsthatarelesssensitivetouncertaintiesinthetimeandplaceoftheaccident.IncooperationwithateamfromMIT,theETHteamtestedtheirnew,TRAP-basedsearchalgorithmintwoseparateoceanexperimentsnearMartha’sVineyard,whichisonthenortheasterncoastoftheUnitedStates.Workingfromthesamereal-timedataavailabletotheCoastGuard,theteamsuccessfullyidentifiedTRAPsintheregioninrealtime.Theyfoundthatbuoysandmanikins(浮标和人体模型)throwninthewaterindeedquicklygatheredalongtheseemergingcurves.“Ofseveralcompetingapproachestestedinthisproject,thiswastheonlyalgorithmthatconsistently13,foundtherightlocation，”saysHaller.“Ourresultsarerapidlyobtained,easytointerpretandcheaptoperform，”pointsoutSerra.Hallerstresses,“Ourhopeisthatthismethodwillbecomeastandardpartofthetoolkitofcoastguardseverywhere.”1．Inasearchandrescueoperation,________.A．thesurvivalratedropstoalmostzeroaftersixhoursB．theuseofdynamicsleadstothewronglocationC．weatherconditionsareadeterminingfactorD．changingcurrentspresentachallenge2．Whatisthedistinctfeatureofthenewalgorithm?A．Itreliesonoceandynamics.B．Ittracksthepathofthecurves.C．Itstopstheuncertaintiesoftheaccident.D．Itfiguresouthowtideschangeovertime.3．Paragraph5mainlytalksabout________.A．thecollectionofdataB．thetestingofthealgorithmC．theidentificationoftheTRAPsD．thecooperationoftworesearchteams4．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．WhySuccessRatesofRescueOperationshaveFallenB．WhyAlgorithmsarePopularinRescueOperationsC．HowMathematicsCanSaveLivesatSeaD．HowCoastalWatersAffectSavingLives【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述通过使用数学方法在海上挽救生命。1．D　细节理解题。根据第一段“Beyondtidesandchallengingweatherconditions,unsteadycoastalcurrentsoftenmakesearchandrescueoperationsextremelydifficult.(除了潮汐和天气条件的挑战外，不稳定的水流经常使搜寻和营救措施变得极其困难。)”可知，在搜寻和营救中，变化的水流呈现出挑战。故选D项。2．B　细节理解题。根据第四段“Thesecurvescan’tbeseenwithoureyesbutcanbetrackedfrominstantoceansurfacecurrentdatausingrecentmathematicalmethodsdevelopedbytheETHteam.(这些曲线不能被眼睛看到。但是通过使用由ETH小组发展的数学方法，能瞬间从海洋表面的水流数据追踪到这些曲线。)”可知，新算法能追踪到曲线的路径。故选B项。3．B　段落大意题。根据第五段“theETHteamtestedtheirnew,TRAP-basedsearchalgorithm(ETH小组基于TRAP的搜寻算法，来测试他们的新算法)”13,可知，第五段主要讲述算法的测试。故选B项。4．C　标题归纳题。第一段“Hundredsofpeopledieatseaeveryyearduetoshipandairplaneaccidents.(每年成百上千的人由于船或飞机事故死在海中。)”交代了文章的背景。根据第二段“theteamhasdevelopedanalgorithm(算法)topredictwhereobjectsandpeoplefloatinginwaterwillgo.(这个小组发展了算法，用于预测将要沉入水中的人和物)”及“recentmathematicalmethods...enablesquickandpreciseplanningofsearchpaths(最近的数学方法使搜寻路径变得快且精准)”可知，数学算法可以在海上精准地探测到人和物体，故文章主要讲述如何通过使用数学方法在海上挽救生命。故选C项。B(2021·黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市高三下学期第三次模拟)Thisweek,fourCOVID-19vaccineshaveappearedhighlyeffectiveinpreventingtheCOVID-19diseaseandwillrollouttomarketsoon.OnNovember17,Sinovac,aChinesebiotechcompany,publisheditspromisingresultsfromPhase(阶段)1and2trialsinthemedicaljournalTheLancet.Thedatashowsthatthevaccine,CoronaVac,hasproducedaveryquickandstrongimmuneresponseanddidnotcauseanyseveresideeffectsamongthe700peopletested.SinovachasalreadystartedthePhase3testsinUAE,Brazil,IndonesiaandBangladeshsinceJuly3．InitialPhase3dataislikelytobeavailablewithinthenextmonth.(Update：thePhase3testsinUAEhaveshownthatCoronaVacis86%effectiveandUAEhasofficiallyapproveditfornationwideuse.)Onedayearlier,Modernareportedthatitsvaccineis94%effectiveandstronglyprotectsagainstseriousCOVID-19illness.OnNovember18,Pfizerannouncedthatitsvaccineis95%effective.Britain’sOxford-AstraZenecagroupsaidonNovember23thatitsvaccineisupto70%effective.However,CoronaVacmayhaveaseriesofpotentialadvantagesoverthemRNAvaccinesproducedbyModernaandPfizerandOxford-AstraZenecagroup’sDNAvaccines,sincetherehasn’tbeenanymRNAorDNAvaccinesapprovedbytheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)before,whileCoronaVacisbasedonatried-and-truemethodthatusesweakenedordeadCOVIE-19．AnotherbigadvantageforCoronaVacisthestoragetemperatureasitcanbestoredbetween2℃and8℃foruptothreeyears,whilethemRNAvaccineshavetobekeptbetween-20℃and-70℃.Itwouldmaketheirstorageanddistributionreallychallenging,especiallyinthedevelopingcountries.Althoughweareseeinglightsbytheendofthetunnel,it’simportanttorememberthataneffectivevaccineisnotenoughtoendthecrisisquickly,becauseitwilltakemonthstoproduceenoughvaccinesanddistributethem.Therefore,13,measureslikesocialdistancing,washinghandsandwearingfacemaskswillremainessentialtocontrolthespreadofCOVID-19．5．WhichcountryhasagreedtouseCoronaVacforallthepeople?A．UAE.　　　B．Brazil.C．Indonesia.　D．Bangladesh.6．HowdoesSinovacdifferfromPfizer’sandModerna’svaccines?A．Itismuchmoreeffective.　B．ItisakindofmRNAvaccine.C．Itisbasedonamorematuremethod.　D．Ithastobestoredinextremelylowtemperature.7．Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext?A．Towarntheriskofthenewvaccines.B．Toremindpeoplenottoletdowntheirguard.C．Toshowthedifficultyindistributingthevaccines.D．TotellpeoplehowtopreventthespreadofCOVTD-19．8．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Thedifferencesofthevariousvaccines.B．ThepotentialadvantagesofCoronaVac.C．ThedisadvantagesofthemRNAandDNAvaccines.D．ThePhase1trialresultsoffourCOVID-19vaccines.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过与其他三款新冠疫苗对比，说明中国研制的CoronaVac疫苗的特点及优点。5．A　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Update：thePhase3testsinUAEhaveshownthatCoronaVacis86%effectiveandUAEhasofficiallyapproveditfornationwideuse.(最新消息：在阿联酋(UAE)进行的第三阶段测试显示，CoronaVac疫苗的有效性为86%，阿联酋已正式批准其在全国范围内使用。)”可知，阿联酋已经批准全民注射中国的CoronaVac疫苗。故选A。6．C　细节理解题。根据第四段中“sincetherehasn’tbeenanymRNAorDNAvaccinesapprovedbytheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)before,whileCoronaVacisbasedonatried-and-truemethodthatusesweakenedordeadCOVIE-19．(因为在此之前还没有任何mRNA或DNA疫苗得到美国食品和药物管理局的批准，而CoronaVac疫苗是基于一种可靠的方法，即使用弱化或死亡的COVIE-19。)”可知，Sinovac与Pfizer和Moderna的疫苗的不同在于Sinovac基于更成熟的制造方法。故选C。7．B　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Althoughweareseeinglightsbytheendofthetunnel,it’simportanttorememberthataneffectivevaccineisnotenoughtoendthecrisisquickly,becauseitwilltakemonthstoproduceenoughvaccinesand13,distributethem.Therefore,measureslikesocialdistancing,washinghandsandwearingfacemaskswillremainessentialtocontrolthespreadofCOVID-19．(尽管我们看到了曙光，但重要的是要记住，有效的疫苗不足以迅速结束危机，因为生产和分发足够的疫苗需要几个月的时间。因此，保持社交距离、洗手和戴口罩等措施对控制COVID-19的传播仍然至关重要。)”可推知，这篇文章最后一部分的目的是提醒人们不要放松警惕。故选B。8．B　文章大意题。根据第二段中“Thedatashowsthatthevaccine,CoronaVac,hasproducedaveryquickandstrongimmuneresponseanddidnotcauseanyseveresideeffectsamongthe700peopletested.(数据显示，在接受测试的700人中，这种名为CoronaVac的疫苗已经产生了非常迅速和强烈的免疫反应，并且没有造成任何严重的副作用。)”结合通读全文可知，本文突出介绍了CoronaVac疫苗的优点，如成熟的制备方法、较高的存储温度等。可知，文章主要内容是CoronaVac的潜在优势。故选B。C(2021·福建省厦门市高三毕业班第三次质量检测)It’smid-FebruaryandalongBritain’ssouthcoastgilt-headbream(鲷鱼)areswimmingfromtheopenseaintotherivermouths.Andthissummer,countrysidevisitorsthroughoutsouthernEnglandwillcatchsightofblueflashesassmallred-eyeddamselfliesflyacrossstarryponds.Botheventsarehappeningmuchfurthernorththantheywouldhave20yearsago.Fingerspointatclimatechange.Asareasbecometoohotordry,manywildlifepopulationsaredeclining,whilesomespeciesareshowingupinplacesthatwerehistoricallytoocoldorwet.Ourteam,ledbyAlbaEstrada,wantedtoexplainthisphenomenon.Ifwecouldpredictwhichspeciescanandcan’tcolonise(移居于)newlocations,wecoulddecidewhicharemostinneedofconservation.Howfarindividualanimalsorplantseedscanmovewaslongthoughttobethemostimportantfactor.Butaccordingtoourfindings,othercharacteristicsalsoturnedouttobehighlyimportant.Forexample,howquicklyplantsandanimalscanproduce,howwelltheycancompetewithotherspeciesforresources,andwhatkindsoffoodtheycaneatorhabitattheycanlivein.Theresultofthisisthatwemightbeabletopredictwhichanimalswillsurviveunderclimatechange.ThewoodmouseisfoundthroughoutcontinentalEurope.Asclimatechanges,wethinkthemousewillmovenorthbecauseitcanbreedquickly,liveinlotsofhabitats,hasabroaddiet,andindividualscantravelalongway.Ontheotherhand,considertheEuropeangroundsquirrel.WethinkitmightstayjustinsoutheastEuropebecauseitcanonlyliveingrasslands—andclimatechangewon’13,tsuddenlyturnfarmsandforestsintomeadows(草坪)．It’sencouragingtoknowthatsomespeciesaredoingwellunderclimatechange.Therearesomeheadaches,however.Thosegilt-headbreamarefeedingonthelocalshellfish,whichmightbetakingfoodawayfromthenativefish.Smallred-eyeddamselflieslookgreat,buttheycouldbecomealltoocommonaroundBritishpondsandoutcompetenativespecies.Climatechangeisonceagainposingussometrickyconservationquestions.9．Wecanlearnfromparagraphs1&2that________.A．peopleholdeventstoobservedifferentspeciesB．visitorshavedamagedthehomesofmanyspeciesC．speciespreferredextremelycoldandwetenvironmentD．climatechangemakessomespeciesmovetonewareas10．What’sParagraph4mainlyabout?A．Whatfactorscaninfluencecolonisation.B．Howfarindividualanimalscantravel.C．Whysomespeciesaredeclining.D．Wheremostspeciestendtolive.11．Whichmightstandtheleastchanceofcolonisation?A．Gilt-headbream.　B．Red-eyeddamselflies.C．Woodmice.　D．Groundsquirrels.12．What’stheteam’sattitudetowardsthecolonisation?A．Ambiguous.　B．Doubtful.C．Objective.　D．Optimistic.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。气候变化使一些物种迁移到新的地区，作者的研究团队试图解释这个现象，并对这个现象带来的利弊进行了分析。9．D　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句和第二句“It’smid-FebruaryandalongBritain’ssouthcoastgilt-headbream(鲷鱼)areswimmingfromtheopenseaintotherivermouths.Andthissummer,countrysidevisitorsthroughoutsouthernEnglandwillcatchsightofblueflashesassmallred-eyeddamselfliesflyacrossstarryponds.(现在是二月中旬，沿着英国南部海岸，金头鲷正从公海游向河口。今年夏天，英格兰南部的乡村游客将看到红色眼睛的小豆娘飞过繁星繁茂的池塘时的蓝色闪光。)”和第二段“Fingerspointatclimatechange.Asareasbecometoohotordry,manywildlifepopulationsaredeclining,whilesomespeciesareshowingupinplacesthatwerehistoricallytoocoldorwet.(手指指向气候变化。随着地区变得太热或太干，许多野生动物的数量正在下降，而一些物种出现在历史上太冷或太湿的地方。)”可知，气候变化使一些物种迁移到新的地区。故选D。13,10．A　段落大意题。根据第四段第一句和第二句“Howfarindividualanimalsorplantseedscanmovewaslongthoughttobethemostimportantfactor.Butaccordingtoourfindings,othercharacteristicsalsoturnedouttobehighlyimportant.(长期以来，动物或植物种子能移动多远被认为是最重要的因素。但根据我们的发现，其他特征也非常重要。)”和第三段第二句“Ifwecouldpredictwhichspeciescanandcan’tcolonise(移居于)newlocations,wecoulddecidewhicharemostinneedofconservation.(如果我们能预测哪些物种能和不能在新的地点定居，我们就可以决定哪些物种最需要保护。)”可知，第四段主要是讲什么因素可以影响物种的移居。故选A。11．D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后两句“Ontheotherhand,considertheEuropeangroundsquirrel.WethinkitmightstayjustinsoutheastEuropebecauseitcanonlyliveingrasslands—andclimatechangewon’tsuddenlyturnfarmsandforestsintomeadows(草坪)．(另一方面，以欧洲地松鼠为例。我们认为它可能会留在东南欧，因为它只能生活在草原上，气候变化不会突然把农场和森林变成草地。)”可知，欧洲地松鼠可能会留在东南欧，无法移居。而根据第一段第一句和第二句“It’smid-FebruaryandalongBritain’ssouthcoastgilt-headbream(鲷鱼)areswimmingfromtheopenseaintotherivermouths.Andthissummer,countrysidevisitorsthroughoutsouthernEnglandwillcatchsightofblueflashesassmallred-eyeddamselfliesflyacrossstarryponds.(现在是二月中旬，沿着英国南部海岸，金头鲷正从公海游向河口。今年夏天，英格兰南部的乡村游客将看到红色眼睛的小豆娘飞过繁星繁茂的池塘时的蓝色闪光。)”和第五段第二句第三句“ThewoodmouseisfoundthroughoutcontinentalEurope.Asclimatechanges,wethinkthemousewillmovenorthbecauseitcanbreedquickly,liveinlotsofhabitats,hasabroaddiet,andindividualscantravelalongway.(木老鼠遍布欧洲大陆。随着气候变化，我们认为老鼠会向北迁移，因为它繁殖迅速，生活在许多栖息地，饮食广泛，个体可以长途旅行。)”可知，金头鲷、红色眼睛的小豆娘和木老鼠都可以移居，所以欧洲地松鼠最不可能移居。故选D。12．C　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句和第二句“It’sencouragingtoknowthatsomespeciesaredoingwellunderclimatechange.Therearesomeheadaches,however.(令人鼓舞的是，一些物种在气候变化下表现良好。不过，也有一些令人头痛的问题。)”可知，团队对动物移居的态度是客观的。故选C。D(2021·江苏省海安高级中学高三下期新高考模拟(二))Lastsummer,MariaandhermothermovedfromtheirhouseinthecountrysidetoaflatbuildinginChicago.Mariareallylikedsomethingsaboutthecity,butshemissedherhouseandyardinthecountryside.Oneday,Mariawasinherflatbuildingwhenshenoticedherneighbor,Mrs.Garcia,carryingagardeningtoolandabagofsoil.MariawonderedhowMrs.Garciawasable13,togardeninthecity.“Mymomusedtogrowthemostdeliciousvegetables,andIknowshemisseshergardennowthatwedon’thaveayard，”saidMaria.Mrs.Garcialaughed.“I’llshowyou，”shesaid.MariathoughtthatMrs.Garciawouldtakehertothepark,butshetookhertotheroof(屋顶)．Whenthedooropened,Mariawassurprisedtoseerowsofflowersandvegetablesontheroof.“Whatawonderfulgarden！”saidMaria.Mrs.GarciatoldMariathatforalongtimetheroofwasjustanemptyspace.Thensomeofthepeopleinthebuildingaskedtheownerstoturnitintoacommunitygarden.Thebuildingownerslikedtheideabecausetheplantsnotonlyhelpedtokeeptheairclean,buttheyalsohelpedtokeepthebuildingcoolerduringwarmerweather.“Iplantflowersinmyownplace，”Mrs.Garciasaid,“butyouwouldbesurprisedbyhowdifferenttheplantsareuphere.Somepeoplegrowvegetablesjustlikeyourmom.Youcandosomeofthesamethingsinthecityasinthecountryside.Youjusthavetobecreative！”13．WhendidMariaandhermothermovetoaflatbuildinginChicago?A．Lastmonth.　B．Lastwinter.C．Lastsummer.　D．Lastweek.14．WheredidMrs.GarciatakeMariatooneday?A．Thepark.　B．Theroof.　C．Thegardeninfrontofherhouse.　D．Thecountryside.15．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheadvantageofthecommunitygarden?A．Itusedtheemptyspacewell.B．Ithelpedkeeptheairclean.C．Ithelpedkeepthebuildingcooler.D．Itmadethebuildingstronger.16．Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A．ACreativeLady　B．ARooftopGardenC．AnEmptyRoof　D．ASpecialBuilding【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了芝加哥一栋公寓大楼的业主们把楼顶的闲置空间变成了屋顶花园的故事。13．C　细节理解题。根据第一段“Lastsummer,Mariaandhermothermovedfromtheirhouseinthecountrysidetoaflatbuildingin13,Chicago.(去年夏天，玛利亚和妈妈从乡下搬到了芝加哥的一栋公寓大楼里。)”可知，搬到芝加哥这个公寓是在去年夏天。故选C。14．B　细节理解题。根据第五段“MariathoughtthatMrs.Garciawouldtakehertothepark,butshetookhertotheroof.(玛利亚以为加西亚太太会把她带到公园，但是加西亚太太把她带到了屋顶。)”可知，加西亚太太带玛利亚去了屋顶。故选B。15．D　细节理解题。根据第七段“Mrs.GarciatoldMariathatforalongtimetheroofwasjustanemptyspace.Thensomeofthepeopleinthebuildingaskedtheownerstoturnitintoacommunitygarden.Thebuildingownerslikedtheideabecausetheplantsnotonlyhelpedtokeeptheairclean,buttheyalsohelpedtokeepthebuildingcoolerduringwarmerweather.(加西亚太太告诉玛利亚，很久以来屋顶只是一个闲置空间，后来楼里的一些人要求业主把屋顶变成社区花园，楼主们喜欢这个想法，因为这些植物不仅有助于保持空气的清洁，而且在较热的天气下也有助于保持大楼的凉爽。)”可知，合理利用闲置空间、保持空气清洁、保持大楼的凉爽都是社区花园的优点，而没有提到能够让大楼变得更坚固。故选D。16．B　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了芝加哥一栋公寓大楼的业主们把楼顶的闲置空间变成了一个屋顶花园。故选B。E(2021·安徽江南十校高三3月一模联考)“We’vedesignedbuildingsfor100-yearfloods，”saysKevinVanDenWymelenberg,directoroftheInstituteforHealthintheBuiltEnvironment.“Buttherewillbeanotherepidemicoranotherpandemic—ortheremightjustbeanotherfluseason.Let’sgoaheadandlearntodesignforthe100-yearflu.”Publichealthofficialsagreethatoneofthesimplestwaystopreventtheindoorspreadofthevirusistoincreasetheamountofoutsideairthatcomesintoourbuildings.Thesimpleactofopeningawindowcanmeaningfullyreducetheconcentrationofinfectious(感染的)particlesintheair.Butinmanycurrentofficebuildings,thewindowsaren’toperable.Creatingatightairsealinabuildingisoneofthemainstrategiesusedtomakebuildingsmoreenergy-saving.Soarchitectsarenowwrestlingwithhowtoincreaseaircirculationwithoutacceleratingenergyconsumption.Onesolution,accordingtoKevinVanDenWymelenberg,isaspecialtypeofwindowdesign.Thisallowsoutsideairtobewarmedorcooled,asneeded,whenitentersthebuilding.Mostcurrentofficebuildingsusuallyadoptopen-planoffices,whicharesuitableformodernofficework.Butintimeofpandemic,virusesspreadeasilyamongworkersintheoffice.Ratherthansealemployeesintoindividualhard-walledrooms,officedesignerscanpreservethebenefitsofopen-planofficesbyfittingairflow13,systemsthatcleantheairbreathedout.Forexample,vents(通风口)canbeinstalledatthetopoftheroomtopulloutthecloudofexhaled(呼出的)airandforfreshairtobedeliveredalongthefloor.Thistypeof“biophilicdesign”canincreaseproductivityandimprovephysicalhealth.Whatallthesechangeshaveincommonisthatthey’llhappenonlyifthepubliccontinuetofocusonindoorhealthaftertheacutecrisisofthepandemichaspassed.Inthelongrun,what’sperhapsevenmoreimportantismakingwholeenvironmentssupporthumanimmunefunction.17．AccordingtoKevin,whatisasolutiontoimprovingaircirculationwithoutconsumingmoreenergy?A．Creatingspecially-designedwindows.B．Increasingtheamountofoutsideair.C．Fittingventsatthetopofthebuilding.D．Designingatightairsealinthebuilding.18．Whichofthefollowingmaybeconsidereda“biophilicdesign”？A．Officeswithexhaledair.B．Officeswithairflowsystems.C．Officeswithbigwindows.D．Officeswithindividualrooms.19．Whatdoestheauthorfocusoninthelastparagraph?A．Addingsomebackgroundinformation.B．Explainingtheconceptofindoorhealth.C．Expressingtheexpectationforthefuture.D．Providingthetheoreticalbasisfortheresearch.20．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．SettingupbuildingsgoodfortheenvironmentB．TheneedtoputhumanhealthinthefirstplaceC．Redesigningtheofficeforthenext100-yearfluD．Thesimplestwaytostopindoorspreadofviruses【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍如何对办公室进行重新设计，使得它可以更好地应对和预防未来可能出现的病毒。17．A　细节理解题。根据第三段“Onesolution,accordingtoKevinVanDenWymelenberg,isadifferenttypeofwindowdesign.Thisallowsoutsideairtobewarmedorcooled,asneeded,whenitentersthebuilding.(根据KevinVanDenWymelenberg的说法，一个解决方案是一种不同类型的窗户设计。当外部空气进入建筑时，可以根据需要对其进行加热或冷却。)”13,可知，解决方案是要设计一款特殊的窗户。故选A项。18．B　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Ratherthansealemployeesintoindividualhard-walledrooms,officedesignerscanpreservethebenefitsofopen-planofficesbyfittingairflowsystemsthatcleantheairbreathedout...Thistypeof’biophilicdesign’canincreaseproductivityandimprovephysicalhealth.(办公室设计师可以通过安装空气流通系统来净化呼出的空气，这样就可以保留开敞式办公室的好处，而不必把员工关在单独的硬墙房间里。……这种类型的亲生物设计可以提高生产力和改善身体健康。)”可知，有空气流通系统的办公室可以被认为是亲生物设计。故选B项。19．C　推理判断题。从最后一段“Inthelongrun,what’sperhapsevenmoreimportantismakingwholeenvironmentssupporthumanimmunefunction.(从长远来看，或许更重要的是让整个环境支持人类的免疫功能。)”可推知，此段表达作者对未来的期待。故选C项。20．C　标题归纳题。根据第一段“Buttherewillbeanotherepidemicoranotherpandemic—ortheremightjustbeanotherfluseason.Let’sgoaheadandlearntodesignforthe100-yearflu.(但是将会有另一场流行病或另一场大流行——或者可能只是另一个流感季节。让我们继续为预防百年流感学习设计。)”及下文内容可知，文章主要说的是如何对办公室进行重新设计，使得它可以更好地应对和预防未来可能出现的病毒。因此C项“Redesigningtheofficeforthenext100-yearflu(重新设计办公室以应对下一个百年流感)”适合做本文标题。故选C项。　词海拾贝　——读原句　品词句一、英汉对对碰1．NewinsightintocoastalflowsgainedbyaninternationalresearchteamledbyGeorgeHaller,ProfessorofNonlinearDynamicsatETHZurich,promisestoenhancethesearchandrescuetechniquescurrentlyinuse.提高，增强2．Intoday’srescueoperationsatsea,complicatedmodelsofoceandynamicsandweatherforecastingareusedtopredictthepathoffloatingobjects.复杂的3．OnNovember17,Sinovac,aChinesebiotechcompany,publisheditspromisingresultsfromPhase(阶段)1and2trialsinthemedicaljournalTheLancet.有希望的，有前途的4．Therefore,measureslikesocialdistancing,washinghandsandwearingfacemaskswillremainessentialtocontrolthespreadofCOVID-19．必不可少的；基本的_5．Ifwecouldpredictwhichspeciescanandcan’tcolonise(移居于)newlocations,wecoulddecidewhicharemostinneedofconservation.对(环境、文物等)保护6．Butaccordingtoourfindings,othercharacteristicsalsoturnedouttobehighlyimportant.特征，特点13,7．Soarchitectsarenowwrestlingwithhowtoincreaseaircirculationwithoutacceleratingenergyconsumption.奋力对付，努力处理8．Ratherthansealemployeesintoindividualhard-walledrooms,officedesignerscanpreservethebenefitsofopen-planofficesbyfittingairflowsystemsthatcleantheairbreathedout.保存；维持9．Thistypeof“biophilicdesign”canincreaseproductivityandimprovephysicalhealth.生产力10．Inthelongrun,what’sperhapsevenmoreimportantismakingwholeenvironmentssupporthumanimmunefunction.免疫的，有免疫力的二、熟词考新义1．Emergencyteamshavelittletimetorescuethoseinthewaterbecausetheprobabilityoffindingapersonalivefalldramaticallyaftersixhours.急剧地，大幅度地2．Beyondtidesandchallengingweatherconditions,unsteadycoastalcurrentsoftenmakesearchandrescueoperationsextremelydifficult.操作；经营3．AnotherbigadvantageforCoronaVacisthestoragetemperatureasitcanbestoredbetween2℃and8℃foruptothreeyears,whilethemRNAvaccineshavetobekeptbetween-20℃and-70℃.储存，储藏4．Climatechangeisonceagainposingussometrickyconservationquestions.提问，质询5．Creatingatightairsealinabuildingisoneofthemainstrategiesusedtomakebuildingsmoreenergy-saving.密封垫(或带等)三、解锁长难句1．Haller’sresearchteamobtainedmathematicalresultspredictingthatobjectsfloatingontheocean’ssurfaceshouldgatheralongafewspecialcurves(曲线)whichtheycallTRansientAttractingProfiles(TRAPs)．分析：现在分词短语predictingthatobjects...作定语修饰results，其中的that引导宾语从句，现在分词短语floatingontheocean’ssurface作定语修饰objects，which引导定语从句修饰curves。译文：哈勒的研究小组获得了数学结果，预测漂浮在海洋表面的物体应该沿着一些特殊的曲线聚集，他们称之为瞬态吸引剖面(TRAPs)。2．However,CoronaVacmayhaveaseriesofpotentialadvantagesoverthemRNAvaccinesproducedbyModernaandPfizerandOxford-AstraZenecagroup’sDNAvaccines,sincetherehasn’tbeenanymRNAorDNAvaccinesapprovedbytheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)before,whileCoronaVacisbasedonatried-and-truemethodthatusesweakenedordeadCOVIE-19．13,分析：过去分词短语producedbyModernaandPfizer作定语，修饰themRNAvaccines；在since引导的原因状语从句中，while连接的是并列句，过去分词短语approvedbytheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)作定语，修饰mRNAorDNAvaccines，定语从句thatusesweakenedordeadCOVIE-19修饰method。译文：然而，CoronaVac可能比Moderna和辉瑞公司生产的mRNA疫苗以及牛津阿斯利康集团的DNA疫苗具有一系列潜在优势，因为在此之前还没有任何mRNA或DNA疫苗得到美国食品和药物管理局的批准，而CoronaVac疫苗是基于一种可靠的方法，即使用弱化或死亡的COVIE-19。3．Asclimatechanges,wethinkthemousewillmovenorthbecauseitcanbreedquickly,liveinlotsofhabitats,hasabroaddiet,andindividualscantravelalongway.分析：as引导时间状语从句，主句的谓语动词think后跟省略that的宾语从句，宾语从句中含有because引导的原因状语从句。译文：随着气候变化，我们认为老鼠会向北迁移，因为它繁殖迅速，生活在许多栖息地，饮食广泛，个体可以长途旅行。4．Publichealthofficialsagreethatoneofthesimplestwaystopreventtheindoorspreadofthevirusistoincreasetheamountofoutsideairthatcomesintoourbuildings.分析：句中的that引导宾语从句，不定式短语topreventtheindoorspreadofthevirus作定语，修饰ways，不定式短语toincreasetheamountof...作表语，定语从句thatcomesintoourbuildings修饰air。译文：公共卫生官员同意，防止病毒在室内传播的最简单方法之一是增加进入我们建筑物的外部空气量。5．Whatallthesechangeshaveincommonisthatthey’llhappenonlyifthepubliccontinuetofocusonindoorhealthaftertheacutecrisisofthepandemichaspassed.分析：Whatallthesechangeshaveincommon是由what引导的主语从句，that引导的表语从句中if引导条件状语从句，after引导时间状语从句。译文：所有这些变化的共同点是，只有在大流行的严重危机过去之后，公众继续关注室内卫生，这些变化才会发生。13