高考英语二轮复习模块1语篇能力专题1阅读理解第3讲词句猜测题

模块一　专题一　第3讲A(2021·江西南昌市高三一模)PrinceWilliam,secondinlinetotheBritishthrone,gavehisfirstTEDTalkonSaturdaytolaunchhisEarthshotPrize,acompetitionthatwillaward￡fivemillionprizemoneyeveryyearforthenextdecadetothosewhocancomeupwithsolutionstoenvironmentalproblems.Anyperson,groupororganizationaroundtheworldisqualified,andanysuggestioniswelcome,solongasitisapplicableglobally.Itcouldbeanewtechnology,anewapproach,anewgovernmentalpolicyoranyotherideastowardfiveenvironmentalgoals—fixingtheclimate,purifyingtheair,protectingnature,cleaningoceansandhandlingwaste.“Earthshot”wasinspiredbyJohnF.Kennedy’s“Moonshot”，anambitious1961missiontogetamanonthemoonwithinadecade.ThepurposeoftheprizeispartlytoarouseexcitementandofferwhatPrinceWilliamcalled“abitofcatalyst,abitofhope,abitofpositivity”atatimewhentheworldneeds.Themoneywillcomefromdonorsaroundtheworld.Theprizecommitteeincludesmanycelebrities.PrinceWilliamhasenvironmentalactivisminhisblueblood.Bothhisgrandfather,andhisfatherPrinceCharleswereactiveenvironmentalists.PrinceWilliamacknowledgedhisheritagebysayinghehadalwayslistened,learnedandbelievedwhattheyweresayingabouttheenvironment.Besidesspeakingwisewords,healsoputsforwardagoodprize.OveramillionpoundsissignificantlymorethanaNobelPrizeandshouldinspiresomeseriousandcreativethinkingaboutthedifficultiesofPlanetEarth.UnliketheNobelPrizemoney,theEarthshotmoneyissupposedtobespentonthewinningproject.“Ifweachievethesegoals,by2030ourliveswon’tbeworse,andwewon’thavetosacrificeeverythingweenjoy.Instead,thewaywelivewillbehealthier,cleaner,smarter,andbetterforallofus，”hesaid.1．WhatcanbelearnedaboutTheEarthshotPrize?A．ItwillbeawardedtoBritons.B．Itaimstosolvesocialproblems.C．Itisnamedafteramoonmission.D．Itoffers￡50millionintotal.2．Apersoncanwintheprizefor________.13,A．amethodtomonitorsealevelsB．anewtechnologytoforecasttheweatherC．anewapproachtorecyclingthewasteD．alocalgovernmentpolicytobanfishing3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“catalyst”inParagraph3mean?A．Encouragement.　B．Alarm.C．Challenge.　D．Surprise.4．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．EarthshotPrizeequalsNobelPrize.B．PlanetEarthwillbecleanedby2030．C．PrinceWilliamonlytalksthetalk.D．PrinceWilliamisinfluencedbyhisfamily.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了威廉王子由于受到家人的影响，也很关心环境问题，并设立了一个奖项“EarthshotPrize”用来奖励那些能够有效解决某些环境问题的人。1．D　细节理解题。根据第一段“PrinceWilliam,secondinlinetotheBritishthrone,gavehisfirstTEDTalkonSaturdaytolaunchhisEarthshotPrize,acompetitionthatwillaward￡fivemillionprizemoneyeveryyearforthenextdecadetothosewhocancomeupwithsolutionstoenvironmentalproblems.(英国王位第二继承人威廉王子于上周六发表了他的首次TED演讲，宣布设立“EarthshotPrize”。在未来十年里，该奖项每年将向那些能想出环境问题解决方案的人颁发500万英镑的奖金。)”可知，该奖项单人将获得500万英镑，总共十年，因此总奖金为5000万英镑。故选D项。2．C　细节理解题。根据第二段“Itcouldbeanewtechnology,anewapproach,anewgovernmentalpolicyoranyotherideastowardfiveenvironmentalgoals—fixingtheclimate,purifyingtheair,protectingnature,cleaningoceansandhandlingwaste.(它可以是一项新技术、一种新方法、一项新的政府政策或任何其他旨在实现五个环境目标的想法——修复气候、净化空气、保护自然、清洁海洋和处理废物。)”可知，一个人能够获得该奖项的条件是要提出一种循环处理废弃物的新方法。故选C项。3．A　词义猜测题。根据第三段“ThepurposeoftheprizeispartlytoarouseexcitementandofferwhatPrinceWilliamcalled’abitofcatalyst,abitofhope,abitofpositivity’atatimewhentheworldneeds.(设立该奖项的部分目的是在这个世界需要的时候激起人们的兴奋，并提供威廉王子所说的“一点catalyst，一点希望，一点积极性”。)”可知，catalyst与hope(希望)，positivity(积极性)并列，其词性与含义都要与它们相近，表达正向的感觉，结合选项意思，A.鼓励；B.警告；C.挑战；D.惊喜，惊讶。最符合要求的是A项“鼓励”。故选A项。4．D　细节理解题。根据最后一段“Bothhisgrandfather,andhisfatherPrince13,Charleswereactiveenvironmentalists.PrinceWilliamacknowledgedhisheritagebysayinghehadalwayslistened,learnedandbelievedwhattheyweresayingabouttheenvironment.(他的祖父和父亲查尔斯王子都是积极的环保主义者。威廉王子承认自己的传统，他说他一直在倾听、学习和相信他们对环境的看法。)”可知，威廉王子重视环保的思想是受到了他的家人的影响。故选D项。B(2020－2021·宁夏银川一中高三下学期第二次模拟)Ifyouwanttodoyourkidsafavor,considerhavingthemwalktoschool.Walkingtoschoolprovidesmanybenefits-improvingacademicperformance,reducinganxiety,boostingspirits,bettersleep,asenseofindependence,havinganopportunitytofamiliarizeoneselfwithaneighborhood,tonoticesmalldetails,tofeelasenseofwonderatthesurroundings.Thelistgoeson.Parentalfearsstillexist,however.Parentsareterrifiedofcars,ofinjury,ofharshweather,ofencounterswithstrangersandwildanimals.Thesefearspreventparentsfromlettingtheirkidsdosomethingthat’sactuallyenormouslybeneficialtothem,despitethefactthatremovinganopportunitytobeactivecontributestoanincreaseinchildhoodobesity,whichcanhaveagreaternegativeimpactonachild’slifethantheriskofbeinginjuredduetobeingactive.Howdowegofrombeingasocietythatdoesnotencourageitschildrentowalkindependentlytobeingonethatdoes？Parentsmustfacetheirowndiscomfortwithlettinggo.Brussoni,anexpertwhoresearcheschildren’soutdoorandriskyplay,said“Wewanttomoveparentsfromfocusingsolelyonprotectingtheirchildtobuildingtrustintheirchild’sabilitiesandstrategiestosupporttheirchild’sskillsinnavigatingthestreetscape.”Schoolscanplayarolebyencouragingchildrentowalktoschool.Brussonioffersadditionalsuggestions：“Theyshouldpromoteaculturethatwalkingtoschoolisthenorm,helpeducateparentsonwhythisisimportant,andconsiderclosingthestreetsaroundtheschooltocarsbeforeandafterschool.”Parentsmightdowelltoputthemselvesintheirchildren’sshoes.Asadults,weknowhowgoodamorningwalkfeelstostartoffadayortoendone.Walkingenergizesusandcheersusup,anditcandothesameforchildren.Aswegothroughthispandemicthathasshakenupallofourlives,it’sagoodtimetopracticenewroutinesandestablishnewhabits.Walkingtoschoolisagreatplacetostart.5．Whatcanweinferaboutkids’usualwayofgoingtoschool?A．Theywalktoschoolalone.B．Theyaredriventoschool.13,C．Theyridebikestoschool.D．Theyareledtoschoolbyteachers.6．WhatdoesBrussonisuggestparentsdoinParagraph3?A．Focusontheirchild’ssafety.B．Protecttheirchildagainstinjury.C．Believetheirchild’sabilities.D．Striketrafficrulesintotheirchild’sheart.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inParagraph4referto?A．Schools.　B．Societies.C．Governments.　D．Children.8．Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthetext?A．Toillustratetherolesofparentsandschools.B．Toadviseparentstohavekidswalktoschool.C．Topromoteawayofestablishinganewroutine.D．Toencouragekidstoformagoodhabit.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。建议家长及学校提供机会让孩子步行去上学，这对孩子益处多多。5．B　推理判断题。根据第二段“Parentalfearsstillexist,however.Parentsareterrifiedofcars,ofinjury,ofharshweather,ofencounterswithstrangersandwildanimals.(然而，父母的害怕仍然存在。他们害怕汽车，害怕孩子受伤，害怕恶劣的天气，害怕遇到陌生人和野生动物。)”可推知，父母担心孩子独自上学路上种种风险意外，多数情况是不让孩子独自去上学，那就应该是家长开车送孩子。故选B项。6．C　细节理解题。根据第三段“Brussoni,anexpertwhoresearcheschildren’soutdoorandriskyplay,said’Wewanttomoveparentsfromfocusingsolelyonprotectingtheirchildtobuildingtrustintheirchild’sabilitiesandstrategiestosupporttheirchild’sskillsinnavigatingthestreetscape.’(Brussoni是一位研究儿童户外活动和冒险游戏的专家，他说：“我们想让家长们从只关注保护孩子，转向对孩子的能力和策略建立信任，以支持孩子在街道上的技能。”)”可知，该专家建议家长相信孩子有能力应对独自步行在街道上遇到的各种情况。故选C项。7．A　代词指代题。根据前一句“Schoolscanplayarolebyencouragingchildrentowalktoschool.(学校可以通过鼓励孩子步行上学问题上起到作用。)”可知，此处承接上文，指出学校可以采取一些措施促使孩子可以步行去学校，因此划线词they指代的就是前面提到的schools。故选A项。8．B　写作意图题。根据文章第一段“Ifyouwanttodoyourkidsafavor,considerhavingthemwalktoschool.Walkingtoschoolprovidesmanybenefits-improvingacademicperformance,reducinganxiety,boostingspirits,bettersleep,asenseof13,independence,havinganopportunitytofamiliarizeoneselfwithaneighborhood,tonoticesmalldetails,tofeelasenseofwonderatthesurroundings.Thelistgoeson.(如果你想帮助孩子，可以考虑让他们步行去学校。步行上学有很多好处——提高学习成绩，减少焦虑，振奋精神，改善睡眠，增强独立感，有机会熟悉周围的环境，注意细节，对周围的环境感到惊奇。这样的例子不胜枚举。)”可知，本文作者认为，孩子独立步行去学校有诸多好处，建议家长让孩子步行去学校。故选B项。C(2021·广西南宁市第二次适应性测试)China’sChang’e5missiontothemoonwascompletedinlessthanamonthafterblastingoff(点火起飞)．Acapsulecontainingsamplesoflunar(月球的)rocksandsoilcollectedfromthesurfaceofournaturalsatellitelandedinInnerMongolia,whereitwastakenbackforstudy.ChinesebroadcasterCGTNreportedthatthecapsulehadlandedbacktoEarthjustafter10amDec.16．Searchcrewswereoutinthefreezingpre-dawnhourslookingtofindbackthecapsulefromthesnowygrasslandduringtemperatureswellbelowzero.Aerialimages(航拍影像)appearedtoshowthecapsulesafelyrestingontheground.China’sNationalSpaceAdministrationannouncedonThursday,Dec.3,thatitsascentmodule(上升器)hadblastedofffromthetopofthemission’slunarlander,carryingsamplesofrockandsoilitdugfromthelunarsurface.Itthenmetwithanorbitercirclingthemoon.ThepairmadethereturntriptoEarthwherethecapsulecarryingthesampleswassentonitswayforahotandfastgoingdownthroughouratmosphereonlytolandonthefrozenground.ThemissionliftedofffromChinaonNov.23andlandedonthemoononDec.l.VideosfromChinesemediashowedthelander’sroboticarmhardatworkduringitsshortshiftonanotherworld.Duringitsstay,Chang’e5alsosentbackimagesofalunarplainofrelativelyyoungvolcanicmoonrock.Theimageshowsbothdistanthillsandhowthefeetofthelanderdugintothesoftsurfaceofthemoonasittoucheddown.Enlargingthefootofthelanderinparticularprovidersarealsenseofthedry,desert-likelunarsurface.Whenthesampleswerecollected,theyhavebeenthefirstpiecesofthemoontobereturnedtoourplanetsincethe1970s.9．WhatisthemissionofChang’e5?A．Collectingsamplesofrocksandsoilfromthemoon.B．Takingthesamplesfromtheearthtothemoon.C．Sendingaman-madesatellitetoorbitthemoon.D．Sendingamannedspaceshiptomakealunarlanding.13,10．Whichofthefollowingwasleftonthemoonaccordingtothetext?A．Thecapsule.　B．Thelunarlander.C．Theascentmodule.　D．Theorbiter.11．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“anotherworld”inParagraph4referto?A．TheEarth.　B．Aspaceship.C．Chang’e5．　D．TheMoon12．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A．Entertainment.　B．Science.C．Education.　D．Health.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。报道了中国的嫦娥五号登月任务圆满完成，带回了月球表面的岩石及土壤样本。9．A　细节理解题。根据第一段“China’sChang’e5missiontothemoonwascompletedinlessthanamonthafterblastingoff(点火起飞)．Acapsulecontainingsamplesoflunar(月球的)rocksandsoilcollectedfromthesurfaceofournaturalsatellitelandedinInnerMongolia,whereitwastakenbackforstudy.(中国的嫦娥五号登月任务在发射后不到一个月就完成了。一个装有从我们的月球表面采集的月球岩石和土壤样本的太空舱在内蒙古着陆，它在那里被带回进行研究。)”可知，嫦娥5号登月返回地球，太空舱内装有月球表面采集的月球岩石和土壤样本。这些月球岩石和土壤样本就是嫦娥五号登月的任务。故选A项。10．B　推理判断题。根据第三段“China’sNationalSpaceAdministrationannouncedonThursday,Dec.3,thatitsascentmodule(上升器)hadblastedofffromthetopofthemission’slunarlander,carryingsamplesofrockandsoilitdugfromthelunarsurface.(中国国家航天局于12月3日周四宣布，登月舱已从月球着陆器顶部起飞。携带着从月球表面挖出的岩石和土壤样本。)”可知，ascentmodule(登月舱)从lunarlander(月球着陆器)上方脱离升空，最终返回地球，可以推测lunarlander(月球着陆器)被留在了月球。故选B项。11．D　词句猜测题。根据第四段“ThemissionliftedofffromChinaonNov.23andlandedonthemoononDec.l.VideosfromChinesemediashowedthelander’sroboticarmhardatworkduringitsshortshiftonanotherworld.(“嫦娥四号”于11月23日在中国发射升空，并于12月1日登陆月球。中国媒体的视频显示，着陆器的机械臂在另一个世界短暂转换期间努力工作。)”可知，着陆器已在月球着陆，那么之后它就是在月球停留期间努力工作，所以所谓anotherworld.就是指“在月球表面”。故选D项。12．B　文章出处题。根据第一段“Acapsulecontainingsamplesoflunar(月球的)rocksandsoilcollectedfromthesurfaceofournaturalsatellitelandedinInnerMongolia,whereitwastakenbackforstudy.(一个装有从我们的天然卫星表面采集的月球岩石和土壤样本的太空舱在内蒙古着陆，它在那里被带回进行研究。)”13,可知，文章主要介绍了中国的嫦娥五号登月任务圆满完成，带回了月球表面的岩石及土壤样本，这是科学界天文宇宙方面的重大事件，因此文章可能出现在报纸的科学版面。故选B项。D(2021·河南省安阳市高三年级5月第三次模拟考试)TheDepartmentofHealthandSocialCareiscarryingoutanewprogramme,givingtheNationalHealthService(NHS)andlocalcouncilsinEngland￡70milliontopayforupto700,000overweightorobesepeopletogoonweightmanagementcourses,orworkwithapersonalcoachtohelpthemshedunwantedpounds.Aspartofthedevelopmentprocess,thoseinvolvedwillinvestigate(研究)previousandpresentprogrammesallovertheworldthathavebeensuccessfulintheirmissiontogetpeoplemovingmoreandeatingbetter.AnexampleofsimilarprogrammesthathaveworkedwellisthestepchallengeinSingapore,anationwidephysicalactivityprogrammeaimedatencouragingpeopletodomorephysicalactivity.Expertswilllookwhetherinitiatives(首创)suchasthenationalstepchallengeinSingaporecouldworkinEngland.Citizensareofferedcashpaymentsiftheydoacertainamountofphysicalactivity,suchaswalkingandrunning,andtheirprogressismeasuredthroughwearabledevices.ResearchpublishedintheBritishMedicalJournallastyearfoundthat1.6millionSingaporeans—26%ofthepopulation—hadtakenpartinthegovernment-backedprogramme.Inreturnforundertakingcertainnumbersofsteps,participantsearned“healthpoints”whichtheycouldexchangeforrewardsworthuptoUS$10．DowningStreethasrecentlybeenexploringtheuseoffinancialincentivetohelppeopleleadhealthier,moreactivelivesandhasprivatelysoughttheviewsofleadinghealthcharities,suchastheBritishHeartFoundationandCancerResearchUK.BorisJohnson,whohasbecomedeterminedtoundertakemeaningfulactionagainstBritain’sobesitycrisisafterhisstayinhospitallastyearwithCOVID-19,supportsthelatestgovernmentactiononbulgingwaistlines.Hehasslimmeddownfromareported108kgatthetimehewentintoStThomas’hospitalandiseatingmorehealthilyandtakingregularexercise.“BeingoverweightincreasestheriskofbecomingillwithCOVID-19．Ifwealldoourbit,wecannotonlyreduceourownhealthrisksbutalsotakepressureofftheNHSandsolvethesocialobesitycrisis，”hesaid.13．Whatwillthedepartmentdoincarryingoutthenewprogramme?13,A．Basethenewprogrammeondeepresearch.B．FollowtheexampleinSingaporeclosely.C．Givemoneytowhoeverwantstoloseweight.D．Makepeopleturntopersonalcoaches.14．WhatdoweknowaboutthestepchallengeinSingapore?A．Itisunpopularwithyoungpeople.B．Itgetssupportmainlyfromcharities.C．ItisunknowntomostSingaporeans.D．Itgivesrewardstotheparticipants.15．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“incentive”inParagraph6probablymean?A．Advice.　B．Technology.C．Service.　D．Encouragement.16．WhatdoesBorisJohnsonmeaninthelastparagraph?A．Overweightwilleventuallycauseseriousillnesses.B．Eatinghealthilyismorebeneficialthantakingexercise.C．Smallchangesinlosingweightcanmakeabigdifference.D．HeoweshissuccessinlosingweighttoStThomas’hospital.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。英国现在面临着肥胖危机，健康与社会保健部门正在开展一个新的项目来解决这个问题。文章对这个新项目进行了介绍。13．A　推理判断题。根据第二段“Aspartofthedevelopmentprocess,thoseinvolvedwillinvestigate(研究)previousandpresentprogrammesallovertheworldthathavebeensuccessfulintheirmissiontogetpeoplemovingmoreandeatingbetter.(作为发展进程的一部分，相关人员将调查世界各地过去和现在的成功项目，这些项目的使命是让人们多运动、吃得更好。)”可知，这个部门将在实施新方案时在进行深入研究的基础上制定新方案。故选A。14．D　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句中的“Citizensareofferedcashpaymentsiftheydoacertainamountofphysicalactivity(如果公民做一定数量的体育活动，就可以得到现金奖励)”可知，新加坡的阶梯挑战会给参与者奖励。故选D。15．D　词义猜测题。根据第五段最后一句“Inreturnforundertakingcertainnumbersofsteps,participantsearned’healthpoints’whichtheycouldexchangeforrewardsworthuptoUS$10．(参与者只要走一定的步数，就可以获得“健康点数”，最多可换取10美元的奖励。)”可推知划线部分所在部分意为“唐宁街最近一直在探索利用经济鼓励来帮助人们过上更健康的生活”，所以incentive意为“鼓励”，与encouragement同义。故选D。16．C　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句BorisJohnson所说的话“Ifwealldoourbit,wecannotonlyreduceourownhealthrisksbutalsotakepressureofftheNHS13,andsolvethesocialobesitycrisis(如果我们都尽自己的一份力，我们不仅可以减少自己的健康风险，还可以减轻NHS的压力，解决社会肥胖危机)”可知，BorisJohnson的意思是减肥过程中小小的改变就能产生很大的影响。故选C。E(2021·河北石家庄市高三一模)OnJanuary12,afewdaysafterregistrationforthecourseofPsychologyandtheGoodLife,roughly300peoplehadsignedup.Withinthreedays,thefigurehadmorethandoubled.Afterthreemoredays,about1,200students,ornearlyone-fourthofYaleundergraduates,wereenrolled.Thecourse,taughtbyLaurieSantos,42,apsychologyprofessorandtheheadofoneofYale’sresidentialcolleges,triestoteachstudentshowtoleadahappier,moresatisfyinglifeintwice-weeklylectures.“Studentswanttochange,tobehappierthemselves,andtochangetheculturehereoncampus，”Dr.Santossaidinaninterview.“WithoneinfourstudentsatYaletakingit,ifweseegoodhabits,thingslikestudentsshowingmoregratitude,delayingless,increasingsocialconnections,we’reactuallyseeingchangeintheschool’sculture.”Dr.SantosdiscoveredthatYalestudentsareinterestedintheclassbecause,inhighschool,theyhadtogiveuptheirhappinesstogainadmissiontotheschool,adoptingharmfullifehabitsthathaveledtowhatshecalled“thementalhealthcriseswe’reseeingatplaceslikeYale”．A2013reportbytheYaleCollegeCouncilfoundthatmorethanhalfofundergraduatessoughtmentalhealthcarefromtheuniversityduringtheirtimethere.“Inreality,alotofusareanxious,stressedandunhappy，”saidAlannahMaynez,19,afreshmantakingthecourse.“Thefactthataclasslikethishassuchlargeinterestspeakstohowmuchstudentsnumbtheiremotions—bothpositiveandnegative—sotheycanonlyfocusontheirwork,thenextstepandthenextaccomplishment.”StudentshavelongrequestedthatYaleofferacourseonpositivepsychology,accordingtoWoo-Ky-oungAhn,directorofundergraduatestudiesinpsychology,whosaidshewas“blownaway”byDr.Santos’proposalfortheclass.AdministratorslikeFr.Ahnexpectedsignificantenrollmentfortheclass,butnoneanticipateditbeingquitesolarge.PsychologyandtheGoodLife,with1,182undergraduatescurrentlyenrolled,standsasthemostpopularcourseinYale’s316-yearhistory.Thepreviousrecord-holder-PsychologyandtheLaw-wasofferedin1992andhadabout1,050students,accordingtoMarvinChun,theYaleCollege13,dean.MostlargelecturesatYaledon’texceed600．17．Whatisthepurposeofthecourse?A．Tomakestudentslearntoshowthanks.B．Tochangethecultureofthecampus.C．Toincreasestudents’socialconnections.D．Toteachstudentshowtobecomehappier.18．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“numb”inthefifthparagraphmean?A．Unabletoexpress.　B．Managingtoletout.C．Willingtoshare.　D．Failingtocontrol.19．Whatcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraph?A．Studentsareinterestedinthecourse.B．Studentssufferedfrommentalproblemsbefore.C．Studentshavechangedgreatlyafterthecourse.D．Studentspaymuchattentiontotheirperformances.20．What’sthetextmainlyabout?A．Mentalproblemsofundergraduates.B．Afamousprofessor—LaurieSantos.C．Yale’smostpopularcourseinhistory.D．Howtoteachcollegestudentstobehappy.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了耶鲁一所大学42岁的心理学教授LaurieSantos试图通过每周两次的课程讲座PsychologyandtheGoodLife，教授学生如何过上更快乐、更满足的生活，而且PsychologyandtheGoodLife成为耶鲁这所大学历史上最受欢迎的课程。17．D　细节理解题。由文章的第二段中“Thecourse,taughtbyLaurieSantos,42,apsychologyprofessorandtheheadofoneofYale’sresidentialcolleges,triestoteachstudentshowtoleadahappier,moresatisfyinglifeintwice-weeklylectures.(这门由42岁心理学教授，也是耶鲁一所大学的校长，试图通过每周两次的讲座教授学生如何更快乐、更满足的生活。)”可知，课程设置的目的是引导学生更开心、更满意。故选D项。18．A　词义猜测题。由该句“Thefactthataclasslikethishassuchlargeinterestspeakstohowmuchstudentsnumbtheiremotions—bothpositiveandnegative—sotheycanonlyfocusontheirwork,thenextstepandthenextaccomplishment.(事实上，这样的课程引起学生这么大的兴趣，说明学生非常厌倦麻木自己的情绪——无论是积极的还是消极的——学生麻木自己的情绪是为了把注意力放在学业上，放在下一个任务上，放在下一个成就上。)”可知，学生的情绪已经麻木。故numb的意思为“麻木的”，即无法宣泄自己的情绪。故选A项。13,19．B　推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Dr.SantosdiscoveredthatYalestudentsareinterestedintheclassbecause,inhighschool,theyhadtogiveuptheirhappinesstogainadmissiontotheschool,adoptingharmfullifehabitsthathaveledtowhatshecalled’thementalhealthcriseswe’reseeingatplaceslikeYale’．(Dr.Santos推测，耶鲁学生对这门课感兴趣是因为在高中阶段，他们为升学而不得不忽略自己的幸福快乐，养成了有害的生活习惯，导致了在耶鲁这样的地方，我们正在目睹精神健康危机。)”可知，学生们之前遭受了精神健康危机。故选B项。20．C　文章大意题。由文章第一段“OnJanuary12,afewdaysafterregistrationforthecourseofPsychologyandtheGoodLife,roughly300peoplehadsignedup.Withinthreedays,thefigurehadmorethandoubled.Afterthreemoredays,about1,200students,ornearlyone-fourthofYaleundergraduates,wereenrolled.(在耶鲁大学的PsychologyandtheGoodLife课程开放注册三天后，注册人数达到300人左右；又过了三天，约有1200名学生，也就是近四分之一的耶鲁本科生报名选修这门课。)”和最后一段“PsychologyandtheGoodLife,with1,182undergraduatescurrentlyenrolled,standsasthemostpopularcourseinYale’s316-yearhistory.(这门课程目前有1182名本科生报名选修，成为耶鲁建校316年来最受欢迎的课程。)”可知，PsychologyandtheGoodLife这门课程是耶鲁这所大学历史上最受欢迎的。故选C项。　词海拾贝　——读原句　品词句一、英汉对对碰1．Anyperson，groupororganizationaroundtheworldisqualified,_andanysuggestioniswelcome,solongasitisapplicableglobally.符合资格的2．PrinceWilliamacknowledgedhisheritagebysayinghehadalwayslistened,learnedandbelievedwhattheyweresayingabouttheenvironment.传统3．Parentalfearsstillexist,however.Parentsareterrifiedofcars,ofinjury,ofharshweather,ofencounterswithstrangersandwildanimals.恶劣的4．Walkingenergizesusandcheersusup,_anditcandothesameforchildren.(使)高兴起来，(使)振作起来5．Inreturnforundertakingcertainnumbersofsteps,participantsearned“healthpoints”whichtheycouldexchangeforrewardsworthuptoUS$10．承担，负责6．OnJanuary12,afewdaysafterregistrationforthecourseofPsychologyandtheGoodLife,roughly300peoplehadsignedup.登记；注册7．WithoneinfourstudentsatYaletakingit,ifweseegoodhabits,thingslikestudentsshowingmoregratitude,_delayingless,increasingsocialconnections,we’reactuallyseeingchangeintheschool’sculture.感激之情；感谢8．Dr.SantosdiscoveredthatYalestudentsareinterestedintheclassbecause,inhighschool,theyhadtogiveuptheirhappinesstogainadmissionto13,theschool,adoptingharmfullifehabitsthathaveledtowhatshecalled“thementalhealthcriseswe’reseeingatplaceslikeYale”．允许进入9．StudentshavelongrequestedthatYaleofferacourseonpositivepsychology,accordingtoWoo-Ky-oungAhn,directorofundergraduatestudiesinpsychology,whosaidshewas“blownaway”byDr.Santos’proposalfortheclass.建议，提议10．AdministratorslikeFr.Ahnexpectedsignificantenrollmentfortheclass,butnoneanticipateditbeingquitesolarge.预料；预见；期望二、熟词考新义1．Itcouldbeanewtechnology,anewapproach,anewgovernmentalpolicyoranyotherideastowardfiveenvironmentalgoals—fixingtheclimate,purifyingtheair,protectingnature,cleaningoceansandhandlingwaste.解决，修复2．Aswegothroughthispandemicthathasshakenupallofourlives,it’sagoodtimetopracticenewroutinesandestablishnewhabits.流行病3．Duringitsstay,Chang’e5alsosentbackimagesofalunarplainofrelativelyyoungvolcanicmoonrock.平原4．Expertswilllookwhetherinitiatives(首创)suchasthenationalstepchallengeinSingaporecouldworkinEngland.奏效；产生……作用5．Citizensareofferedcashpaymentsiftheydoacertainamountofphysicalactivity,suchaswalkingandrunning,andtheirprogressismeasuredthroughwearabledevices.估量，判定三、解锁长难句1．PrinceWilliam,secondinlinetotheBritishthrone,gavehisfirstTEDTalkonSaturdaytolaunchhisEarthshotPrize,acompetitionthatwillaward￡fivemillionprizemoneyeveryyearforthenextdecadetothosewhocancomeupwithsolutionstoenvironmentalproblems.分析：secondinlinetotheBritishthrone用作PrinceWilliam的同位语，acompetition用作EarthshotPrize的同位语，定语从句thatwillaward￡fivemillionprizemoney...修饰competition，定语从句whocancomeupwithsolutionstoenvironmentalproblems修饰those。译文：英国王位第二继承人威廉王子于上周六发表了他的首次TED演讲，宣布设立“EarthshotPrize”。在未来十年里，该奖项每年将向那些能想出环境问题解决方案的人颁发500万英镑的奖金。2．Thesefearspreventparentsfromlettingtheirkidsdosomethingthat’sactuallyenormouslybeneficialtothem,despitethefactthatremovinganopportunitytobeactivecontributestoanincreaseinchildhoodobesity,whichcan13,haveagreaternegativeimpactonachild’slifethantheriskofbeinginjuredduetobeingactive.分析：定语从句that’sactuallyenormouslybeneficialtothem修饰something；同位语从句thatremovinganopportunitytobeactivecontributesto...作fact的同位语，动名词短语removinganopportunitytobeactive在该从句中作主语，which引导非限制性定语从句。译文：这些担心阻止了父母让孩子做一些实际上对他们非常有益的事情，尽管事实上，剥夺一个活跃的机会有助于儿童肥胖的增加，这可能对孩子的生活产生更大的负面影响，而不是因为活跃而受伤的风险。3．Acapsulecontainingsamplesoflunar(月球的)rocksandsoilcollectedfromthesurfaceofournaturalsatellitelandedinInnerMongolia,whereitwastakenbackforstudy.分析：现在分词短语containingsamplesoflunarrocksandsoil作定语，修饰capsule；过去分词短语collectedfromthesurfaceofournaturalsatellite作定语，修饰rocksandsoil；非限制性定语从句whereitwastakenbackforstudy修饰InnerMongolia。译文：一个装有从我们的月球表面采集的月球岩石和土壤样本的太空舱在内蒙古着陆，它在那里被带回进行研究。4．BorisJohnson,whohasbecomedeterminedtoundertakemeaningfulactionagainstBritain’sobesitycrisisafterhisstayinhospitallastyearwithCOVID-19,supportsthelatestgovernmentactiononbulgingwaistlines.分析：非限制性定语从句whohasbecomedeterminedtoundertakemeaningfulactionagainstBritain’sobesitycrisisafterhisstayinhospitallastyearwithCOVID-19修饰BorisJohnson。译文：鲍里斯·约翰逊在去年接受COVID-19治疗住院后，决心对英国的肥胖危机采取有意义的行动，他支持政府针对腰围膨胀采取的最新行动。5．Thecourse,taughtbyLaurieSantos,42,apsychologyprofessorandtheheadofoneofYale’sresidentialcolleges,triestoteachstudentshowtoleadahappier,moresatisfyinglifeintwice-weeklylectures.分析：过去分词短语taughtbyLaurieSantos作定语，修饰course；apsychologyprofessorandtheheadofoneofYale’sresidentialcolleges作LaurieSantos的同位语；不定式短语howtoleadahappier,moresatisfyinglife作teach的直接宾语。译文：这门课程由42岁的心理学教授、耶鲁一所寄宿学院院长劳里·桑托斯教授，试图通过每周两次的讲座教会学生如何过上更快乐、更满意的生活。13