高考英语二轮复习模块1语篇能力专题1阅读理解第1讲细节理解题课件

模块一语篇能力专题一　阅读理解,第1讲　细节理解题,高频考点·研析透,细节理解题考查考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节的理解，特点是题干针对原文提到的某事物、现象或理论进行发问。细节理解题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右，是最重要的得分点。,考点1直接细节题直接细节题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类、活动安排类、书籍电影介绍类、演出信息类等。题目一般就文中的某一具体事实细节设题，设问方式多为以5W1H(what,who,when,where,why和how)等开头的特殊疑问句，在原文中可直接找到答案。,直接细节题主要考查对某句话或某几句话的理解，“题干定位法”是做事实细节题最基本的也是最常用的方法：第一步：根据题干内容提取关键信息定位词。定位词主要是题干中的名词、动词和数词等，即问题的核心信息。在原文中查找定位词或定位词的近义词，找出相关的句子；第二步：运用跳读、略读技巧快速在原文中查找定位词或定位词的近义词，迅速定位原文，找出相关的句子；第三步：分析比对选项与文中细节，得出正确答案。,(2020·全国ⅠA)TrainInformationAllcustomerstravellingonTransLinkservicesmustbeinpossessionofavalidticketbeforeboarding.Forticketinformation,pleaseaskatyourlocalstationorcall131230．WhileQueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttoensuretrainsrunasscheduled,therecanbenoguaranteeofconnectionsbetweentrainsorbetweentrainservicesandbusservices.,Lostproperty(失物招领)CallLostPropertyon131617duringbusinesshoursforitemslostonQueenslandRailservices.ThelostpropertyofficeisopenMondaytoFriday7:33amto5:00pmandislocated(位于)atRomaStreetstation.PublicholidaysOnpublicholidays,generallyaSundaytimetableoperates.Oncertainmajoreventdays,i.e.AustraliaDay,AnzacDay,sportingandculturaldays,specialadditionalservicesmayoperate.ChristmasDayservicesoperatetoaChristmasDaytimetable.Beforetravelpleasevisittranslink.com.auorcallTransLinkon131230anytime.,CustomersusingmobilitydevicesManystationshavewheelchairaccessfromthecarparkorentrancetothestationplatforms.Forassistance,pleasecallQueenslandRailon131617．,Guardiantrains(outbound)DepartOriginDestinationArrive6:44pmAltandiVarsityLakes7:33pm7:22pmCentralVarsityLakes8:55pm8:55pmFortitudeValleyVarsityLakes9:55pm11:11pmRomaStreetVarsityLakes11:22am,Whatwouldyoudotogetticketinformation?A．Call131617．B．Visittranslink.com.au.C．Askatthelocalstation.D．Checkthetrainschedule.,【解题示范】第一步：阅读题干，找出题干关键词ticketinformation第二步：迅速定位到第一段第二句“Forticketinformation,pleaseaskatyourlocalstationorcall131230．(车票信息请到您所在的车站询问或拨打131230查询。)”。仔细对比选项，进而确定答案。故选C。,考点2间接细节题考查间接信息题时，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。常用方式是同义词替换或释义，即把文中语言(词汇和句式结构)改头换面，或者把文中信息整合归纳，来表达相同的意思。,在做间接细节理解题时，要根据所找信息，分析选项，对比其中所用词汇，以及表达方式，最后确定选项。第一步：阅读题干，确定关键词；第二步：定位题干关键词的转换形式(同义词、近义词、释义等)，或者对原文的概括归纳，锁定原文相关信息；第三步：利用正确选项特征，确定答案。,正确选项特征：(1)用同义或近义词(组)复现。(2)同根词或原词复现。(3)语言简化或对原文概括归纳。简化原文中的复杂语言现象，或者用一句话概括归纳原文的某一部分，并设置为答案。(4)反义词复现。把原文中的意思反过来表达。,(2020·全国ⅡB)Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.,PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.,“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋转)andtranslateshapes,”Levinesaidinastatement.Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythantheparentsofgirls.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.,Howdoboysdifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?A．Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.B．Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.C．Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.D．Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.,【解题示范】第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词：differfromgirls。第二步：迅速定位到倒数第二段“However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls”可知，男孩比女孩更倾向于玩较复杂的拼图。仔细对比选项，tougher替换了文中的“morecomplex”。故选D。,考点3数字计算题既然是阅读理解题，数字计算题并不是真正考查考生的数学计算能力，主要仍是考查考生对文中涉及一些数字的某部分和题干的理解能力，数学计算方面是很基础的简单的。,1．审明题干要求，提取题干中的关键词寻读原文，同时标记数字、时间、年代等相关信息。2．弄清题干询问数据与原文数据的逻辑关系，并进行加减乘除计算。3．特殊信息词应注意：(1)特殊数字：decade十年；fortnight两周；double两倍；couple两个；score二十；dozen十二。(2)特殊词汇：off削价，减价；discount折扣。,(2018·江苏高考A篇)Admission$25.00recommendedforadults,$12.00recommendedforstudents,includestheMainBuildingandTheCloisters(回廊)onthesameday；freeforchildrenunder12withanadult....,56．Howmuchmaytheypayifan11-year-oldgirlandherworkingparentsvisitthemuseum?A．$12．B．$37．C．$50．D．$62．,【解题示范】细节理解题。根据题干关键词Howmuch和pay可迅速定位到原文信息“$25.00recommendedforadults,$12.00recommendedforstudents,includestheMainBuildingandTheCloistersonthesameday；freeforchildrenunder12withanadult.”可知，成人票价25美元，12岁以下儿童在大人的陪同下免费。因而11岁的女孩和其父母只需支付两张成人票款即可。通过计算可知答案应为C项。,考点4细节排序题细节排序题一般就是要求考生把所给四个选项按语篇中事情发生的时间先后顺序进行排序。,第一步：审读题干，根据原文和四个选项的内容，首先确定首和尾；第二步：根据首尾，排除掉部分选项，缩小范围。如排序内容较少，一般即可快速得出答案；第三步：如排序内容较多，再查看剩余选项的异同处，进一步缩小范围，以确定答案。,(2021·广东广州市高三一模)ThehistoryofmicrobiologybeginswithaDutchclothmakernamedAntonivanLeeuwenhoek,amanofnoformalscientificeducation.Inthelate1600s,Leeuwenhoek,inspiredbythemagnifyinglensesheusedtoexaminecloth,builtsomeofthefirstmicroscopes.Hedevelopedatechniquetoimprovethequalityoftiny,roundedlenses,someofwhichcouldmagnifyanobjectupto270times.Afterremovingsomeplaquefrombetweenhisteethandexaminingitunderalens,Leeuwenhoekfoundtinytwistingcreatures,whichhecalled“animalcules”．,Hisobservations,whichhereportedtotheRoyalSocietyofLondon,areamongthefirstdescriptionsofmicrobes,Leeuwenhoekdiscoveredanentireuniverseinvisibletothehumaneye.Hefounddifferentmicrobesinsamplesofpondwater,rainwater,andhumanblood.Hegavethefirstdescriptionofredbloodcells,observedplanttissue,examinedmuscle,andinvestigatedthelifecycleofinsects.,Nearlytwohundredyearslater,Leeuwenhoek’sdiscoveryofmicrobeshelpedFrenchchemistandbiologistLouisPasteurtodevelophis“theoryofdisease”．Thisconceptsuggestedthatdiseaseoriginatesfromtinyorganismsattackingandweakeningthebody.Pasteur’stheorylaterhelpeddoctorstofightinfectiousdiseasesincludinganthrax,diphtheria,polio,smallpox,tetanus,andtyphoid.AllthesebreakthroughsweretheresultofLeeuwenhoek’soriginalwork.Leeuwenhoekdidnotforeseethislegacy.,Ina1716letter,hedescribedhiscontributiontosciencethisway：“Mywork,whichI’vedoneforalongtime,wasnotpursuedinordertogainthepraiseInowenjoy,butchieflyfromastrongdesireforknowledge,whichInoticeresidesinmemorethaninmostothermen.Andtherefore,wheneverIfoundoutanythingremarkable,Ihavethoughtitmydutytoputdownmydiscoveryonpaper,sothatthescientificcommunitymightbeinformedthereof.”,22．Whatisthecorrectorderforthefollowingevents?a．Magnifyinglenseswerebuilt.b．The“theoryofdisease”wasputforward.c．Microbeswerediscoveredinsamplesofwaters.d．Leeuwenhoek’sfirstmicroscopesweresuccessfullydeveloped.e．Leeuwenhoekexplainedhisthoughtsuponhisowncontribution.A．a－d－c－e－b.B．d－a－c－e－b.C．a－d－c－b－e.D．d－a－e－b－c.,【解题示范】细节排序题。根据第一段中“Inthelate1600s,Leeuwenhoek,inspiredbythemagnifyinglensesheusedtoexaminecloth,builtsomeofthefirstmicroscopes.Hedevelopedatechniquetoimprovethequalityoftiny,roundedlenses,someofwhichcouldmagnifyanobjectupto270times.(17世纪晚期，Leeuwenhoek受他用来检查布料的放大镜的启发，制造了第一批显微镜。他发明了一种技术来提高微小圆角透镜的质量，其中一些可以将物体放大270倍。)”可知，a“制造了放大镜。”排在第一，d“Leeuwenhoek的第一批显微镜被成功研制出来。”排在第二，故排除B、D选项；,根据第二段中“Hefounddifferentmicrobesinsamplesofpondwater,rainwater,andhumanblood.(他在池塘水、雨水和人类血液的样本中发现了不同的微生物。)”可知c“在水的样本中发现了微生物。”排在第三；根据最后一段中“Ina1716letter,hedescribedhiscontributiontosciencethisway(在1716年的一封信中，他这样描述了自己对科学的贡献)”可知，e“Leeuwenhoek解释了他对自己的贡献的看法。”排第四；以及第三段中“Nearlytwohundredyearslater,Leeuwenhoek’sdiscoveryofmicrobeshelpedFrenchchemistandbiologistLouisPasteurtodevelophis’theoryofdisease’．(近200年后，列文虎克对微生物的发现帮助法国化学家和生物学家巴斯德发展了他的“疾病理论”。)”可知，b“提出了疾病理论。”排第五。可知，事件的正确顺序是a－d－c－e－b。故选A。