江苏省扬州市2021届高三第一次模拟测试英语试卷（一） Word版含解析

2021届江苏省扬州市高三第一次模拟测试英语试卷（一）注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.WhydidthewomangotoMallorca?A.ToteachSpanish.B.Tolookforajob.C.Toseeafriend.2.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?A.Takehimtohospital.B.Gotoaclasswithhim.C.Submitareportforhim.3.Whowilllookafterthechildren?A.Jennifer.B.Suzy.C.Marie.4.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?A.Drivehome.B.Goshopping.C.Eatout.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Howtofryfish.B.Howtomakecoffee.C.Howtoremoveabadsmell.第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟：听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。,听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.WhendoesGomezwatchafootballgameonTV?A.Whenhefailstogetaticket.B.Whenthestadiumiscrowded.C.Whenhisfriendsaretoobusy.7.HowmuchdidGomezpayforthefootballgamelasttime?A.$20.B.$25.C.$50.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.WhatdidAlexdointheafternoon?A.Hehadawalk.B.Hewenthunting.C.Heplantedtrees.9.WhatdidAlexbringback?A.Flowers.B.Leaves.C.Books.10WhatwasBobdoingwhenAlexsawhim?A.Fishing.B.Takingpictures.C.Swimming.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.WhatdidDaviddoonhismostrecentholiday?A.Hehadaboattrip.B.Hetookaballoonflight.C.Heclimbedamountain.12.WhatisonDavid’slist?A.Giftsheneededtobuy.B.Thingshewishedtodo.C.Dateshehadtoremember.13.WheredoesthewomansuggestDavidgoforhisnextholiday?A.Australia.B.California.C.TheAmazon.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.WhydidSarahmakethephonecall?A.Toaskafavor.B.Topassonamessage.C.Tomakeanappointment.15.WhereisSarahnow?A.InBrighton.B.Atherhome.C.AttheSheltonHotel.16.WhattimeisMichaelleavinghisplacetomorrowmorning?A.At7:40.B.At8:00.C.At8:20.17.WhatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenJohnandSarah?A.Neighbors.B.Fellowworkers.C.Husbandandwife.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whatdomostpeoplethinkisveryimportantinspokencommunication?A.Pronunciation.B.Vocabulary.C.Grammar.19.Whyshouldyoulistentoexpertsaccordingtothespeaker?A.Todevelopyourreadingfluency.B.Toimproveyournote-takingskills.C.Tofindoutyourmispronunciations.,20.Whatisthespeaker’slastsuggestion?ASpelloutthedifficultwords.B.Checkthewordsinadictionary.C.Practicereadingthewordsaloud.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ABuzzwords(流行词汇)SplinternetEuropeisfloatingregulationthatcouldimposetemporarybansonUStechcompaniesthatviolateitslaws.Ifsuchterritorialagreementsbecomemorecommon,theglobally-connectedInternetweknowwillmorelikewhatsomehavecalledthe“splinternet”,oracollectionofdifferentInternetswhoselimitsaredeterminedbynationalorregionalborders.Cyberpunk—Doyouthinkwearealreadyinacyberpunkage?—Ithinkweare.Justlookaroundus,weareenjoyingthefruitofhightechnologywhenweorderalmosteverythingatourfingertips.Butthepeopledeliveringtheproductscan’tevenhaveadecentmeal.That’satypical“hightech,lowlife”contrast.Mansplaining—Youmustfollowmyinstructionstocompletetheproject.Don’tyoueverscrewup.—Stopmansplaining,OK?I’mfarmoreexperiencedthanyou.DigitalnativesIfyouarewonderingwhy“Phone”appiconisdesignedlikethatandlooksalmostthesameoneverysmartphone,youaredefinitelyoneofthedigitalnativeswhodon’tknowwhatatelephoneis.SocialbankruptcyHaveyoueverfounditextremelyexhaustingtryingtomaintainabalancedrelationshipwithallyoursocialmediafriendsandfollowers?Perhapsit’stimethatyougosocialbankruptcy.Justcloseallyouraccountsandgooutandenjoythesunshine.1.ThesocialmediaplatformFacebookbrieflydecidedtopreventAustralianusersfromsharingnewlinks.Whichwordismostrelevanttothisaffair?A.SplinternetB.MansplainingC.DigitalnativesD.Socialbankruptcy2.Mencius(孟子)oncesaid:“Disgustforsomeonebyothersdoesfocusonhis/herpretendingtobeothers’master.”Whichwordmeansthesamething?A.SplinternetB.CyberpunkC.MansplainingD.Digitalnatives,3.WhichcolumninTeenSpaceMagazineisthetextprobablyfrom?A.PrefaceB.OutlookC.StoryD.Witticism【答案】1.A2.C3.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些如今流行的流行词汇的含义。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“EuropeisfloatingregulationthatcouldimposetemporarybansonUStechcompaniesthatviolateitslaws.Ifsuchterritorialagreementsbecomemorecommon,theglobally-connectedInternetweknowwillmorelikewhatsomehavecalledthe“splinternet”,oracollectionofdifferentInternetswhoselimitsaredeterminedbynationalorregionalborders.(欧洲正在实施一项浮动法规，可能对违反欧洲法律的美国科技公司实施临时禁令。如果这样的领土协议变得更加普遍，我们所知道的全球互联互联网将更像一些人所说的“分裂互联网”，或不同互联网的集合，其界限由国家或地区边界决定)”可知，社交媒体平台Facebook暂时决定阻止澳大利亚用户分享新的链接，Splinternet与之相关。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Mansplaining部分中“—Youmustfollowmyinstructionstocompletetheproject.Don’tyoueverscrewup.—Stopmansplaining,OK?I’mfarmoreexperiencedthanyou.(——你必须按照我的指示完成这个项目。千万别搞砸了。——停止好为人师好吗？我比你经验丰富多了)”可知，孟子说过“人之患在好为人师”与C选项“Mansplaining”意思是一样的。故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章标题“Buzzwords(流行词汇)”以及文章主要介绍了一些如今流行流行词汇的含义，可推知，文章可能来自《青少年空间杂志》的“前景”专栏。故选B。BOnherthirdChristmas,mydaughterJilliandidn'thavetheenergyforopeningpresents.At23-months,shehadbeendiagnosedwithneuroblastoma,anaggressivetumor.Ididn’tknowhowchallengingtheholidayscouldbecomeuntilJilliandied.Beingsorrowfulbecamemyfull-timejobinthefollowingdays.Thepainwasawildfireinmychestandnothingcouldputitout.AweekbeforethefourthChristmas,TomandIboughtathree-footplantthatslightlyresembledaChristmastree.MyadultnephewFrankiecamealong.WewerebusydecoratingthetreeandFrankiereachedintoaChristmasdecorationboxandpulledoutatoyangelwithawhitegownthatmyaunthadcraftedyearsbefore.Asheliftedtheangel,herhairfelloutinonebigbunch,justlikeJillian's.Weburstintolaughter.Inbetweengasps,Frankielookedupwiththeangelinhandandsaid,“Hi,Jillian.”Tomemergedfromthebedroomandsawourtree,“It’ssmall,baldandbeautiful!Just,likeJilly-boo.Ilikeit.”ImovedclosertoTomandheputhisarmaroundmyshoulder.Lookingattheangel,Iknewitwouldhelpusthroughtheholidays.Likeus,itwassadandpitiful,butfullofbeautifulmemoriesofJillian.“Dosomethingnew.”saidaministerwhoranasupportgroupIwentto.It’sasifyoumustcreateanewspaceinyourhearttokeepitbeating,despitethebleedinghole.TomandIwereeventuallyabletoexperiencethewonderofafour-year-oldatChristmas.Ontheone-yearanniversaryofJillian’sdeath,IdiscoveredIwaspregnant.Ourseconddaughter,Cadence,broughtusbacktojoyandhope.Cadenceisninenow,andhopingSantawillbringheradogthisyear.ElevenyearsafterJillian’sdeath,ChristmasisalmostChristmasagain.4.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutherselfafterJillian’sdeath?A.Shewentonherlifeasusual.B.Shewasdrownedintears.C.Shedecidedtostartanewlife.D.Shequitherfull-timejob.5.Whatcanweinferaboutthetoyangel?A.Itwasabeautifuldecoration.B.ItwasagiftfromJillian.C.Itwasarelieftotheauthor.D.Itwasasymbolofstrength.6.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“ChristmasisalmostChristmasagain”?A.Herfamilycanreuniteagain.B.Shehasbeenoutofsadness.C.Santawillbringthemgifts.D.Shehasanotherdaughter.7.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Mother’sloveisforeverstrong.B.Oneshoulddependonhimself.C.Familyiseverythingforpeople.D.Lifegoesondespitemisfortunes.【答案】4.B5.C6.B7.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的女儿Jillian去世后，作者每天沉浸在悲伤中，圣诞节也变得非常难熬，在丈夫的陪伴和他人的支持下，作者开始做一些新的事情，直到一年后作者怀上了二女儿，逐渐从悲痛中走出来的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Ididn’tknowhowchallengingtheholidayscouldbecomeuntilJilliandied.Beingsorrowfulbecamemyfull-timejobinthefollowingdays.Thepainwasawildfireinmychestandnothingcouldputitout.(直到Jillian去世，我才知道这个节日会变得多么具有挑战性。在接下来的日子里，悲伤成了我的全职工作。疼痛像野火一样在我的胸口燃烧，没有什么能把它扑灭)”可知，作者每天被失去女儿的痛苦包围和折磨，沉浸在悲伤中。故选B。【5题详解】,推理判断题。根据第四段中“Lookingattheangel,Iknewitwouldhelpusthroughtheholidays.Likeus,itwassadandpitiful,butfullofbeautifulmemoriesofJillian.(看着这个天使，我知道它能帮我们度过假期。和我们一样，悲伤和可怜，但却充满了对吉莉安美好的回忆)”可推断，玩具小天使给作者带来了安慰。故选C。【6题详解】句意猜测题。根据最后一段中“Ontheone-yearanniversaryofJillian'sdeath,IdiscoveredIwaspregnant.Ourseconddaughter,Cadence,broughtusbacktojoyandhope.Cadenceisninenow,andhopingSantawillbringheradogthisyear.ElevenyearsafterJillian'sdeath,ChristmasisalmostChristmasagain.(在Jillian去世一周年的时候，我发现自己怀孕了。我们的二女儿Cadence，给我们带来了欢乐和希望。Cadence现在九岁了，希望圣诞老人今年能送她一只狗。Jillian去世11年后，圣诞节又快到了)”可推知，作者再次怀孕有了第二个女儿Cadence，重新获得了快乐和希望，所以“ChristmasisalmostChristmasagain”这句话的意思是作者已经走出了悲伤，圣诞节在他们心中又恢复了往日的涵义。故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ontheone-yearanniversaryofJillian'sdeath,IdiscoveredIwaspregnant.Ourseconddaughter,Cadence,broughtusbacktojoyandhope.Cadenceisninenow,andhopingSantawillbringheradogthisyear.ElevenyearsafterJillian’sdeath,ChristmasisalmostChristmasagain.(在Jillian去世一周年的时候，我发现自己怀孕了。我们的二女儿Cadence，给我们带来了欢乐和希望。Cadence现在九岁了，希望圣诞老人今年能送她一只狗。Jillian去世11年后，圣诞节又快到了)”结合文章讲述了作者的女儿Jillian去世后，作者每天沉浸在悲伤中，圣诞节也变得非常难熬，在丈夫的陪伴和他人的支持下，作者开始做一些新的事情，直到一年后作者怀上了二女儿，逐渐从悲痛中走出来的故事。由此可知，这故事告诉我们：生活中虽然会遇到不幸，但是生活依然还要继续，必须从悲痛中走出来。故选D。CMagicisaformofentertainmentthatisbasedonpretendingtodothingsthatareimpossible.Themagicianisaspeciallytrainedactor.Hetriestomaketheaudiencebelievethathehasthepowertodothingswhichareagainstthelawsofnature.Magicshowsareentertainingaslongastheaudiencedoesnotdiscoverhowthetricksaredone.Themagicianusuallydependsonhisskillwithhishands,onhisknowledgeofpsychology,and,sometimes,onmechanicaldevices(机械装置).Sincemagicperformanceismeanttotrickpeople,theuseofpsychologyisimportant.Themagicianmustkeeppeoplefromnoticingallthemovementsofhishandsandfromthinkingaboutthesecretpartsofhisequipment.Hemustalsoleadtheaudiencetodrawfalseconclusions.Themagician'ssuccessdependsonthefactthatmanythingsseenbytheeyearenotthethingsthatmatter.Twobasicmagictricksaremakingobjectsseemtoappearandmakingobjectsseemto,disappear.Acombinationofthesetwotricksmakesforsomeinterestingeffects.Forexample,themagicianputsasmallballunderoneofseveralcups.Theballthenseemstojumpfromonecuptoanotherortochangecolour.Whatactuallyhappensisthatthemagician,employingquickhandmovementsoramechanicaldevice,hidesoneball.Whiledoingthishetalkstotheaudienceandwavesabrightlycolouredclothwithonehand.Theaudienceistoobusywatchingtheclothandlisteningtothemagician'swordstonoticethathisotherhandishidingtheball.Anotherfavouritetrickistocutorburnsomething,andthenmakeitappearwholeagain.Whatactuallyhappensisthatthemagicianmakesthecutorburnedobjectdisappearbyquicklyhidingitwhiletheaudiencewatchessomethingelse.Thenhe“magically”makesitappearwholeagainbydisplaying(展示)anotherobjectthathasnotbeencutorburned.8.Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthetext?A.Topromoteamagicshow.B.Toteachpeopletobemagicians.C.Toexplaintheartofmagic.D.Topraisethetalentsofmagicians.9.Whichofthefollowingisimportantforasuccessfulmagictrick?A.Movingstageequipment.B.Directingtheaudience'sattention.CApplyinghightechnology.D.Keepingtheperformanceinsecret.10.Whatdoestheauthorfocusoninthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Providingexamples.B.Makingasummary.C.Drawingcomparisons.D.Explainingaconcept.11.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Mechanicaldevicesareexpensive.B.Mostmagiciansemployassistants.C.Ittakespracticetoperformmagic.D.Smallobjectsaremagicians'favourite.【答案】8.C9.B10.A11.C【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一些魔术师表演的细节以及有关魔术的小技巧。【8题详解】目的意图题。通过对文章主旨大意的理解以及文章最后两端讲述的魔术技巧，可知作者写这篇文章的主要目的是解释魔法的艺术。故选C项。【9题详解】细节理解题。通过第二段“theuseofpsychologyisimportant.（心理学的应用是很重要的）”以及“Themagicianmustkeeppeoplefromnoticingallthemovementsofhishandsandfromthinkingaboutthesecretpartsofhisequipment.（魔术师必须防止人们注意到他的手的所有动作和思考他的设备的秘密部分。）”可知，作者强调对于观众注意力的引导是很重要。故选B项。【10题详解】,推理判断题。通过倒数第二段“Forexamplethemagicianputsasmallballunderoneofseveralcups.Theballthenseemstojumpfromonecuptoanotherortochangecolour.(例如，魔术师把一个小球放在几个杯子中的一个下面。然后球似乎从一个杯子跳到另一个杯子或改变颜色)”以及最后一段“Whatactuallyhappensisthatthemagicianmakesthecutorburnedobjectdisappearbyquicklyhidingitwhiletheaudiencewatchessomethingelse.(实际发生的是，魔术师通过在观众观看其他东西时迅速隐藏它，使被切割或烧毁的物体消失)”可以推知，在文章最后两段中，作者举了两个例子。故选A项。【11题详解】推理判断题。通过文章第一段“Themagicianisaspeciallytrainedactor.(魔术师是受过专门训练的演员)”可推知，表演魔术需要练习。故选C项。DPopularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional(情感的)intelligence.Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson'smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand“peopleskills.”Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重视)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives(视角)fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.12.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?A.ItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest.B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson’smind.C.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills.D.Itreferstoaperson’spositivequalities.,13.Whydoestheauthormention“doctor”and“cheater”inparagraph2?A.Toexplainarule.B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Topresentafact.D.Tomakeaprediction.14.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.15.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligence?A.Itsappealtothepublic.B.Expectationsforfuturestudies.C.Itspracticalapplication.D.Scientistswithnewperspectives.【答案】12.D13.B14.A15.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了情商的定义以及对有关于情商未来研究的期望。【12题详解】细节理解题。通过文章第一段“Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities(研究表明，情商技巧可能有助于这些品质的形成)”可知，情商指的并不是一个人的积极品质。故选D项。【13题详解】推理判断题。通过文章第二段“Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.(医生可能利用这种准确理解他人感受的能力来找到最好的帮助病人的方法，而骗子可能利用这种能力来控制潜在的受害者)”可推知，作者在文章第二段中提到“医生”和“骗子”是举例子来阐明下文的观点——情商高并不一定能使一个人成为有道德的人。故选B项。【14题详解】推理判断题。通过文章第三段“theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.…Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchers(宣传的总体效果一直是利大于弊。这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感进行了新的、迫切需要的强调。情商的普及帮助了公众和研究人员)”可推知，作者认为情商普及是对人们有利的。故选A项。【15题详解】推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectivesfromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.(,我们希望这种关注将激发人们对情感科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角)”可推知，本段主要谈了对未来关于情商研究的期望。故选B项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Wethinkofwinterascoldandfluseason，butthecoldtemperatureshavepowerfulbiologicalupsidestoo.Boostsyourbrain___16___.Studieshavefoundthatpeopleperformsomecognitive（认知的）taskslikemakingdecisionsbetterwhenthetemperatureiscooler.Researchhasalsoshownthatpeoplearelesswillingtohandlecomplextasksinthesummerthaninthewinter.Burnscalories（卡路里）Whenit'scold，yourbodyworkshardertokeepyourcoretemperature，whichistypically.about98.6degrees."Ourbodiesuseaconsiderableamountofenergytokeepuswarmandtodampentheairwebreathewhenwe'reoutinthecold，"explainsStacyTucker，anexpertfromKansasCity.___17___.Arecentstudyshowedthatparticipantsburned34percentmorecalorieswhentheyhikedin14-to23-degreetemperaturesthantheydidhikingon50-degreedays.ActivateshealthyfatWeknowaccumulatingtoomuchordinaryfator"whitefat"canendangerourhealth.Butadultsalsohavesmallamountsofbeneficial"brownfat"thatcanquickentheirmetabolism（新陈代谢）andbummorecalories___18___.EncouragesbettersleepYourbody'scoretemperaturedropswhenyou'retryingtosleep.___19___，butit'smuchfasterinwinter，saysTucker.Plus，withdarkermornings，younaturallysleeplater.___20___Yes，youmightgetmorecoldsduringthewinter.However，studieshaveshownthattheimmunesystemcanbeactivatedbycoldertemperatures，whichimprovesourabilitytofightinfections，explainsTucker.Thatsaid，thefluvirusbecomesstrongincold，dryair，andtimespentindoorsincreasesyourchanceofinfection.Toreducerisk，getyourannualflushot，washyourhandsfrequently，andgooutside.A.FightsinfectionsB.SofastenyourbootsC.SuffersfrominfectionsD.ColdertemperaturescanhelpyouthinkmoreclearlyE.Andcoldtemperaturescanactivatethisusefulfat,F.ExercisinginthewintermakesheartmusclesstrongerG.Thisprocesscantakeuptotwohoursinthesummer【答案】16.D17.B18.E19.G20.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了冬天较低的气温给人体带来的五种生理方面的好处。【16题详解】横线后一句“Studieshavefoundthatpeopleperformsomecognitive（认知的）taskslikemakingdecisionsbetterwhenthetemperatureiscooler.”告诉我们当温度较低的时候，人们在完成认知任务的时候，表现会更好。由此可见低温可以帮助我们更加清晰地思考问题。故选择D项。【17题详解】横线前句“Ourbodiesuseaconsiderableamountofenergytokeepuswarmandtodampentheairwebreathewhenwe'reoutinthecold”告诉当天气寒冷时候，我们的身体需要耗费更多的能量来保暖。所以我们自己要做好保暖措施，选项中只有B项“系紧你的靴子”是我们可以采取的保暖措施。本题也可以用排除法来解题，其余6句内容与此内容无关。故选B项。【18题详解】本段的主题是“Activateshealthyfat”激活健康脂肪。横线前一句“Butadultsalsohavesmallamountsofbeneficial"brownfat"thatcanquickentheirmetabolism（新陈代谢）andbummorecalories”告诉我们人体内有一些可以加快新陈代谢的脂肪同时燃烧更多的卡路里。较低的温度恰好可以激活这样的脂肪，故E项正确。【19题详解】横线前一句“Yourbody'scoretemperaturedropswhenyou'retryingtosleep.”告诉我们当人们睡觉的时候，体温会下降。横线句对本句进行解释，G项“夏天这一过程需要两个小时”中的夏天与横线后句“butit'smuchfasterinwinter”中的冬天形成呼应。故G项正确。【20题详解】根据本段第二句“However，studieshaveshownthattheimmunesystemcanbeactivatedbycoldertemperatures，whichimprovesourabilitytofightinfections，explainsTucker.”可知低温可以激活我们的免疫系统抵抗感染。A项“Fightsinfections”与本段内容一致，故选择A项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ItwasacoolmomentonahotJulyday.,Six-year-oldAmiyahDantzler-Clayandher5-year-oldbrotherJaydensawapoliceofficer______infrontoftheirBaltimorehomeandfiguredhecouldusea___22___.Sotheytookhimanicecream.PoliceMaj.RichardGibsonwasintheneighborhoodthatdaylookingforwaystohelp___23___theareaforresidents,twodaysafteramurderoutsideanemptyhouse.Insteadhewasthebeneficiaryofthekids’___24___gesture,rollingdownhiswindowto___25___therefreshing,icy,grape-flavoricetreat.“Itwasjustthe___26___thing.”hesaid.“Mypurposeistomaketheirlives___27___.”Gibsoncontinued.“They___28___inmydistrict…Thisgavemesomeaffirmation(肯定)ofwhatmy___29___iseverymorningwhenIwakeup.”MomEricaDantzlersaiditdidn’t_____30_____herwhentheyaskediftheycouldbringhimthecooltreat.Bothkidsare_____31_____aboutfirstresponderswhohavebeenputtingtheir_____32_____onthelineeachdayasessentialworkersduringthepandemic.Amiyahwantstobecomeapoliceofficerwhenshe_____33_____,whileJaydendreamsofbecominga(n)_____34_____.“Gooddeedsareespeciallyimportantintryingtimes.I’mvery_____35_____thattheydidsuchabeautifulactofkindness,”shesaid..A.seatedB.parkedC.standingD.walking22.A.treatB.smileC.dietD.sale23.A.cleanB.developC.improveD.estimate24.A.cleverB.influentialC.interestingD.thoughtful25.A.buyB.shiftC.acceptD.refuse26.A.coldestB.dearestC.cheapestD.sweetest27.A.richerB.betterC.easierD.warmer28.A.liveB.workC.travelD.crowd29.A.purposeB.achievementC.progressD.position30.A.attractB.pleaseC.surpriseD.frighten31.A.angryB.excitedC.disappointedD.crazy32.A.moneyB.healthC.careerD.family33.A.givesupB.growsupC.risesupD.makesup34.A.teacherB.designerC.firefighterD.engineer35.A.proudB.confidentC.confusedD.,embarrassed【答案】.B22.A23.C24.D25.C26.D27.B28.A29.A30.C31.D32.B33.B34.C35.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个炎热的夏天，在社区辛苦巡逻，维持秩序的警察Maj.RichardGibson收到了5、6岁姐弟俩赠送的冰激凌的暖心故事。【题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：六岁的阿米亚·丹兹勒-克莱和她五岁的弟弟杰登看到一名警察把车停在他们巴尔的摩的家门前，认为他应该受到款待。A.seated坐着；B.parked停着；C.standing站着；D.walking走着。根据下文rollingdownhiswindow可知，这个警官是坐在车里的，他把车停在孩子们的家门前。故选B。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.treat请客，款待；B.smile微笑；C.diet饮食，食物；D.sale销售，出售。根据下文“Sotheytookhimanicecream.”可知，姐弟俩认为这名警察应该受到款待，因此他们送给他一个冰激凌。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：两天前，在该社区的一所空房子外发生了一起谋杀事件。警察Maj.RichardGibson正在该社区寻找办法改善该社区的安全状况。A.clean清洁；B.develop发展；C.improve改善；D.estimate估计，评价。根据下文“twodaysafteramurderoutsideanemptyhouse”可知，警察寻找办法改善该社区的安全状况。故选C。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反，他是孩子们体贴的举动的受益者，摇下车窗，接受了新鲜冰凉的葡萄味冰淇淋。A.clever聪明的；B.influential有影响的；C.interesting有趣的；D.thoughtful体贴的，关切的。根据语境可知，这对五六岁的姐弟是很体贴的孩子。故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.buy买；B.shift转移，变换；C.accept接受；D.refuse拒绝。根据下文“therefreshing,icy,grape-flavoricetreat”可知，这名警察接受了姐弟俩的一片心意。故选C。【26题详解】查形容词词义辨析。句意：“这是最甜蜜的事情。”他说。A.coldest最冷的；B.dearest最亲爱的，最贵的；C.cheapest最便宜的；D.sweetest最甜蜜的。根据语境及常识可知，在炎热的夏天里，能收到五六岁小朋友特意送来的冰淇淋，内心一定是很甜蜜的。故选D。【27题详解】,考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的目的是让他们的生活更好。A.richer更富有的；B.better更好的；C.easier更容易的；D.warmer更暖和的。根据上文可知，这名警察正在该社区寻找办法改善该社区的安全状况，因此他想让人们生活变得更好更安全。故选B。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们住在我的辖区。A.live居住；B.work工作；C.travel旅行；D.crowd聚集。根据上文“Six-year-oldAmiyahDantzler-Clayandher5-year-oldbrotherJaydensawapoliceofficer___1___infrontoftheirBaltimorehome”可知，这两个孩子生活在这名警察负责的社区。故选A。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这让我每天早晨醒来时，对自己的人生目标有了一些肯定。A.purpose目标；B.achievement成就；C.progress进步；D.position位置。根据上文“Mypurposeistomaketheirlives___7___.”可知，此处指自己的人生目标。故选A。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：母亲EricaDantzler说，当孩子们问是否能够请警官吃冷饮时她并不感到吃惊。A.attract吸引；B.please使高兴；C.surprise使吃惊；D.frighten使惊吓。根据下文可知，两个孩子都非常喜欢那些在大流行期间每天冒着生命危险抢救病人的急救人员，因此做出感谢警察的事情，母亲并不感到吃惊。故选C。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这两个孩子都对那些在大流行期间每天将自己的健康置于危险边缘的急救人员非常着迷。A.angry生气的；B.excited激动的；C.disappointed失望的；D.crazy痴迷的，疯狂的。根据下文“Amiyahwantstobecomeapoliceofficerwhenshe____13____,whileJaydendreamsofbecominga(n)____14____.”可知，这两个孩子都对那些在大流行期间每天将自己的健康置于危险边缘的急救人员非常着迷，突出两个孩子对急救人员的崇拜。故选D。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.money钱；B.health健康；C.career事业；D.family家庭。作为疫情期间的必要工作人员，他们一直冒着失去健康的风险，putone’shealthontheline“冒着失去健康的风险”，是固定用法。故选B。【33题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：Amiyah长大后想成为一名警察，而Jayden的梦想是成为一名消防员。A.givesup放弃；B.growsup长大；C.risesup上升，起义；D.makesup组成，补足，化妆，编造。根据语境可知，此处指长大后成为一名警察。故选B。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.teacher教师；B.designer设计者；C.firefighter消防员；,D.engineer工程师。根据上文可知，姐弟俩都对那些在大流行期间每天将自己的健康置于危险边缘的急救人员非常着迷。选项中的消防员的工作是救援，与那些急救人员的工作性质相同。故选C。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在艰难时期善事尤其重要。我非常自豪他们能做出如此美好的善举。A.proud自豪的；B.confident自信的；C.confused困惑的；D.embarrassed尴尬的。根据语境及常识可知，自己五六岁的孩子做出这样的善举，母亲肯定感到很自豪。故选A。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分,满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Likemanyotherstudents,youmayhavevariouspeople,____36____(include)familymembersandfriends,givinginputonyourcollegedecision.Whilemanyofyourtrustedrelativesandpeers(同龄人)mayhavevery____37____(value)advicethatcanhelpyoutomakethedecision,finallythechoiceisyoursandyoursalone.Onlyyoucanfullyrealizewhichaspectsofacollegewillmakeyoutrulyhappyand____38____(satisfy),sokeepthatatthefrontofyourmind.Moreover,fullyconsidereachoption.Itcanbeeasy____39____(let)aparticularschoolbecomeafront-runnerearlyon____40____yourdecision-makingprocess,anditmayevenbecomethewinningchoice-butbesuretocarefullyevaluateeveryschool____41____hasacceptedyou,sinceyouhadparticularreasonsforapplyingtoeachschool.Dokeep____42____openmind.Studentscanchangemajors,butrememberthatthere'snore-livingacertainsemester(学期),andthere'snomakingupforlosttime.Don'tgotoaschool____43____(specific)forahighschoolrelationship____44____tomakesomeoneelsehappy.A_____45_____(student)collegeexperienceishisorherown,andthestudentmustputhisorhereducationfirst.【答案】36.including37.valuable38.satisfied39.tolet40.in/during41.that42.an43.specifically44.or45.student’s【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要是关于学生该如何选择自己要上的学校的建议，说明了虽然亲戚和同事可能有非常有价值的建议，但还是要自己做决定，充分考虑每一种选择,,保持开放的心态,把自己的教育放在首位。【36题详解】考查介词。句意：像许多其他学生一样，你可能会有各种各样的人，包括家庭成员和朋友，为你的大学决定提供意见。结合句意表示“包含……在内”，后跟名词familymembersandfriends作宾语，应用介词including。故填including。【37题详解】考查形容词。句意：虽然许多你信任的亲戚和同龄人可能有非常有价值的建议，它可以帮助你做决定，但是最终的选择要你自己做出，也只能靠你自己做出。修饰后文名词advice，作定语，应用形容词valuable。故填valuable。【38题详解】考查形容词。句意：只有你才能充分意识到大学的哪些方面会让你真正感到快乐和满足，所以要把这一点放在心上。此处为“make+宾语+宾补”结构，此处修饰人应用-ed结尾形容词satisfied，作宾补。故填satisfied。【39题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在你做决定的早期阶段，把一所特定的学校作为首选是很容易的，它甚至可能成为你的最佳选择——但一定要仔细评估每一所录取你的学校，因为你申请每一所学校都有特定的理由。此处为“itbeadj.todosth.”句型，it作形式主语，不定式为真正主语。故填tolet。【40题详解】考查介词。句意：在你做决定的早期阶段，把一所特定的学校作为首选是很容易的，它甚至可能成为你的最佳选择——但一定要仔细评估每一所录取你的学校，因为你申请每一所学校都有特定的理由。结合语境表示“在……阶段”故填in/during。【41题详解】考查定语从句。句意：在你做决定的早期阶段，把一所特定的学校作为首选是很容易的，它甚至可能成为你的最佳选择——但一定要仔细评估每一所录取你的学校，因为你申请每一所学校都有特定的理由。此处为定语从句修饰先行词school，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，且由every修饰，只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。【42题详解】考查冠词。句意：一定要保持开放的心态。结合句意表示“保持开放心态”短语为keepanopenmind。故填an。【43题详解】考查副词。句意：不要专门为了一段高中恋情或者让别人开心而去一所学校上学。修饰后文介词短语forahighschoolrelationship，应用副词specifically，作状语。故填specifically。【44题详解】,考查连词。句意：不要专门为了一段高中恋情或者让别人开心而去一所学校上学。否定句中，表示“或者”应用连词or。故填or。【45题详解】考查名词所有格。句意：一个学生的大学经历是他或她自己的，学生必须把他或她的教育放在首位。此处student与后文collegeexperience构成所属关系，结合后文“hisorherown”可知指一个学生的大学经历，故应用有生命的名词所有格形式student’s。故填student’s。第四部分写作（共两节,满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46.最近，某科技公司推出一款新型5G手机（SmartMobilePhone9），请你为该款手机写一篇英语广告，内容包括：1.手机的功能；2.手机的特点；3.适用人群。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。SmartlifefromSmartMobilePhone9【答案】SmartlifefromSmartMobilePhone9SmartMobilePhone9willmakeyourlifesmarterinanall-roundway!Besidesthegeneralfunctionsasahandset,italsoservesasalaptop,withwhichyoucansurftheInternetwhereveryouarebyusingthe5G.Itissointelligentthatitisidealforofficeworkerswhoarealwaysonthego.Duetoitssmallsizeandbeinglightinweight,itisveryconvenienttocarry.What’smore,itisahigh-qualityproductsoldatareasonableprice.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生为一款新型5G手机写一篇英语广告，介绍手机的功能、特点和适用人群。【详解】1.词汇积累手机：mobilephone→handset担任：workas→serveas完美的：perfect→ideal除了：inadditionto=besides2.句式拓展简单句变复合句,原句：Duetoitssmallsizeandbeinglightinweight,itisveryconvenienttocarry.拓展句：Itisveryconvenienttocarrybecauseithassmallsizeandislightinweight.【点睛】[高分句型1]Besidesthegeneralfunctionsasahandset,italsoservesasalaptop,withwhichyoucansurftheInternetwhereveryouarebyusingthe5G.(运用了“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句)[高分句型2]Itissointelligentthatitisidealforofficeworkerswhoarealwaysonthego.(运用了结果状语从句)第二节（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Mypresentationwashorrible.Ilosttheclient.Mybosswouldn'tlookmeintheeyeandtherestofmydaywasspentinrelativesilence—Iwasleftalone,inreality.Finally,Ileftmyair-conditionedofficeandofcourse,outsideitwashotashell.Iwashotliterallyandfigurativelyasthreebusespassed,toofulltostopandthentheonethatdidstopshouldhavekeptgoingbecausetheAirConditioningwasn'tworking.Iboardedthebusbutwasunabletostandit,soIsqueezedmywayoffatthenextstop.Iwouldjustwalkthemileandahalftohome.Iannoyedfurther,asIcontinuedmyjourney.Irefusedtotakeoffmyjacket,purposelymaximizingmyfrustrations—whenitrainsletitpourwasmyphilosophy.Ablockfrommybuilding,IheardthewatersplashingandkidsscreamingsoIknewthefirehydranthadbeenturnedon.Withouteventhinkingabouttakinganalternateroute,Iturnedthecorner,sureenough,therewasagroupofkidsplayinginthewater.Theywerepolitelyonthelookouttostopthewaterfromsprayingonanypassers-by,sowhentheysawmetheystoppedthewaterandwhentheysawmymeanlooktheyevengotquiet.Theyoungeronesinbathingsuits,thegirlswearingshowercapsandtheboyswithwatergunsallstaredatmeasIstartedtopassby.ThenInoticedalittleone,noolderthanfive,holdingawatergundownbyhisside,eyingmealittleharderthantheothers.Ieyedhimback.Thenhisbrother,whoI'dseenaroundtheneighborhood,noddedathimlikehewassaying,"Idareyou."MyeyestightenedalittlefurtherasIcommunicatedmyown"Idareyou"tothefive-year-old.Thenhiseyesmoved,planninghisescaperoutethroughthealley,andinthatspiltsecondIknewIwasgoingtogetsoaked.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右：2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Paragraph1Andhegotme,behindmyear,beforeherantowardhisexit.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________,Paragraph2Icouldn'tremembermylastwaterfight.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Paragraph1Andhegotme,behindmyear,beforeherantowardhisexit.Igraspedhisbrother'swatergunandranafterhim.IpulledthetriggerjustasImetmy"killer"atthealley.Hefoughtbackbuthisshooterwasnomatchformypower,soinsteadheturnedhiswatergunonafewotherlittlekids.Beforelongwewereinall-outwaterwarfare.Soon,therewerewaterballoonsfallingfromupstairswindowsandthewholeblockseemedtobeinvolved.Needlesstosay,IwassoakedandlaughinglikeI'dneverlaughedbefore.Paragraph2Icouldn'tremembermylastwaterfight.IfIdid,itcouldn'thavebeenasfunasthisone.Oneofourneighborswassellingflavoredices.Shetoldmethatwitnessingthiswaterfightmadeherday.Sheinvitedusalloverforsomefreemangoice.Ittookafive-year-oldtobringoutthekidinme,putlifeinperspective,andhelpmerealizethatyoumaynotbeabletocontroldisappointmentbutyoucanstillletinthejoy.Andyoucanruinasuit,too,andnotreallycare!【解析】【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者事业遭遇不顺，在回家路上遇到了一群打水仗的孩子，于是加入了孩子们当中。这激发了作者的童真，让作者开始正确看待生活。作者意识到，你可能无法控制失望，但你仍然可以享受快乐。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“他抓住了我，就在我身后，然后跑向出口。”可知，第一段可描写作者是如何和孩子们打水仗的。②由第二段首句内容“我都不记得上次打水仗是什么时候的事了。”可知，第二段可描写作者打水仗后的感受和感悟。2.续写线索：作者加入孩子们开始打水仗——整个街区都加入进来——作者感觉打水仗很开心——作者感悟3.词汇激活行为类追赶：runafter/chaseafter落下：fallfrom/dropfrom目击：witness/seewithone'sowneyes情绪类,失望：disappointment/disappointed/frustrate快乐：makeone’sday/joy/happiness【点睛】[高分句型1]Shetoldmethatwitnessingthiswaterfightmadeherday.(运用了that引导宾语从句和动名词作主语)[高分句型2]Ittookafive-year-oldtobringoutthekidinme,putlifeinperspective,andhelpmerealizethatyoumaynotbeabletocontroldisappointmentbutyoucanstillletinthejoy.(运用了that引导宾语从句)