【广东专用】2022届高考英语一轮复习 课时作业(二十一) Unit1 Great scientists 新人教版必修5

课时作业(二十一)　[必修5　Unit1　Greatscientists](限时：30分钟)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Ⅰ.完形填空Ayoungmanwaitedatastoplight.Infrontofhimwasawomangoingthroughpapersontheseatofhercarandwhenthelightchangedtogreen,shedidn'tgo.Agreenlightisnota__1__，youknow.Itismoreofademand.Butshedidn't__2__．Whenthelightturnedredagain,shestillhadnot__3__hercar.Themannowstarted__4__andbeatinghissteeringwheel.Apolicemantappedonhiswindshield(挡风玻璃).Heaskedforhis__5__，returnedtohiscar,talkedontheradio,andfinallyhandeditback.Thedriverprotested,“Iknewyoucouldn't__6__meforshoutinginmyowncar！”Theofficerreplied,“Ididn'twantto__7__youofthat.ButIwasdirectlybehindyou.Isawyouscreaming,andIsaidtomyself,‘Thatmanisoutof__8__.He'sgoingtohurtsomeone！’”“ThenInoticedthecross__9__fromyourrearviewmirror,thebrightyellow‘LoveIsaChoice’licensetag,andthe‘Give__10__aChance’bumpersticker(保险杠标签),andIamsureyoumusthavestolenthecar.”Hisbehaviordidnot__11__hisbumpersticker.Butlet'snotbetoo__12__.Arewealwaysthepeoplewewanttobe?Wemake__13__allthelife.Personalchangecanhappenwhenthepersonweatpresentaredoesnotyet__14__thepersonwehopetobe.Bettertosethighidealsand__15__fallshortthantosettleformediocrity(平庸).Theimportantquestionisnot,“Whoareyoutoday？”Itisbettertoask,“Whowillyoubetomorrow？”1．A.markB．suggestionC．warningD．symbol2．A.observeB．followC．awareD．notice3．A.movedB．reachedC．repairedD．left4．A.cryingB．confusingC．screamingD．complaining5．A.passportB．licenseC．addressD．name6．A.arrestB．suspectC．chargeD．criticize7．A.remindB．accuseC．informD．appeal8．A.controlB．patienceC．angerD．despair6\n9．A.stickingB．hangingC．lyingD．tying10．A.PeaceB．DesireC．AnxietyD．Courage11．A.communicateB．representC．reflectD．express12．A.horribleB．criticalC．curiousD．serious13．A.decisionsB．mistakesC．promisesD．changes14．A.resembleB．admireC．respectD．differ15．A.endlesslyB．neverC．sometimesD．seldomⅡ.阅读理解AWomenshouldnotdrinkanyalcoholduringpregnancy.AreportreleasedbyNICEsaysiftheymustdrink,theyshouldnotdosointhefirstthreemonthsandshouldlimitconsumptiontooneortwoouncesonceortwiceaweekafterwards.Itreplacespreviousguidanceofsayingsmalldailyamountswerefine.NICEdecidedtotightenitsguidancepartlybecauseoftheconcernthatpeoplearenowdrinkingmorethaninthepast.Previousdraftguidancesuggestedwomenshoulddrinkanounceofalcoholadayoncetheywerepastthefirstthreemonthsofpregnancy.TheDepartmentofHealthinEnglandchangeditsguidancelastyear,callingfornodrinkingwhilepregnantorwhiletryingtogetpregnant.Drinkingheavilyinpregnancycancausefetalalcoholsyndrome(酒精综合症),whichcanleavechildrenwithfeatureslikesmallheads,widelyspacedeyesandbehaviororlearningproblems.Theexpertssaidtherewasnoevidencethatseveralouncesonceortwiceaweekwoulddoanyharmtothebabybutcouldnotcategoricallyruleout(排除)anyrisk.NationalChildbirthTrustagreedwomenshouldlimittheirdrinkingduringpregnancy.“Pregnantwomenwhohavehadafewdrinksoftenworryagreatdealaboutwhethertheyhaveharmedtheirbaby.Ingeneral,itisbelievedthatifalightinfrequentdrinker,ingoodhealth,drinkstothepointofdrunkennessononeoccasion,therisktoherbabyissmall.”NICEalsomadeanumberofotherrecommendationsforthecareofwomenintheUKwhowerepregnantorplanningtogetpregnant.ItsaidvitaminDandfolicacid(叶酸)supplementsshouldbeofferedbyhealthstafftohelpavoidconditionssuchasrickets(佝偻病)andspinabifida(脊椎裂).Officialscalledforlocalhealthbossestoensureequalsupportplanswheremothersencouragenewparentstobreastfeedaresetup.NICEalsocalledforimprovementsinthecareofpregnantwomenwithdiabetes(糖尿病).About20，000pregnancieseachyearareaffectedbydiabetesand,therefore,carryhigherriskofmiscarriage(流产)andstillbirth(死产).Theguidancesaidwomenshouldgetaccesstoadviceandsupport,inparticulartoachievegoodbloodsugarcontrolbeforetheygetpregnant.6\n16．WhatistheadvicemadebytheDepartmentofHealthondrinkingalcoholduringpregnancy?A．Littleinthefirstthreemonthsandagradualincreaseafterwards.B．Anounceadayafterthefirstthreemonths.C．Nodrinkingforpregnantwomen.D．Thosewhodrinkregularlyneednotworryabouttheharmtotheirbabies.17．What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“categorically”inParagraph4?A．Honestly.B．Absolutely.C．Physically.D．Doubtfully.18．Accordingtothepassage,miscarriageiscausedmostprobablyby________.A．thelackofvitaminDandfolicacidB．ricketsandspinabifidaC．thelackofdoctors'adviceandsupportD．diabetes19．NationalChildbirthTrustfoundthat________.A．apregnantwomandrinkingalcoholinfrequentlyhaslittlerisktoherbabyB．pregnantwomenwhodrinkalittleoccasionallyarealwaysafraidoftheeffectsC．thereisnoevidencethatapregnantwomandrinkingalcoholmightharmherbabyD．gettingdrunkoncewon'tharmthebaby20．Inthispassage,theauthormainlyintendsto________.A．showNICE'snewguidanceonpregnantwomen'salcoholdrinkinganditsadviceforthecareofpregnantwomenB．warnpregnantwomenagainstanyalcoholduringpregnancyC．showthepresentsituationofpregnantwomen'sdrinkinglimitD．callformorecareforpregnantwomeninsocietyBHeisregardedashavingoneofthebrightestmindsontheplanet.Butoutstandingastrophysicist(天体物理学家)StephenHawkinghasadmittedthathedidnotlearntoreaduntilhewaseightyearsold.InapubliclectureattheRoyalAlbertHall，ProfessorHawkingalsoadmittedthathewasnotactiveinstudyingwhileatOxfordUniversity，wherehestudiedphysics，andthatonlythediagnosisthathemightdieyoungfrommotorneurone(神经元)diseasemadehimconcentrateonhiswork.ProfessorHawkingsaid:“MysisterPhilippacouldreadbytheageof4butthenshewasdefinitelybrighterthanme.”Hesaidthathewasunexceptionalatschoolandwasneverfurtherthanhalfwayuphisclass.“Myclassworkwasveryuntidy，andmyhandwritingwasthedespairofmyteachers，”hesaid.“ButmyclassmatesgavemethenicknameEinstein，sopresumablytheysawsignsofsomethingbetter.”Buthesaidthatitwaswhendoctorstoldhimthatheprobablyonlyhadafewyearstoliveattheageof21thatgalvanizedhimintofocusingonhisworkandaperiodofproductivitythatresultedinsomeofhisearlybreakthroughs.He6\nsaid，“Whenyouarefacedwiththepossibilityofanearlydeath，itmakesyourealizethatlifeisworthlivingandtherearelotsofthingsyouwanttodo.”21.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A．StephenHawkingisthesecondEinsteinintheworld.B．StephenHawkingcouldn'treadattheageof7.C．StephenHawking'shandwritingwasonceterriblybad.D．StephenHawking'ssisteronceperformedmuchbetterthanhim.22.WecaninferthatStephenHawkingwas________whenhewasachildandstudiedinOxfordUniversity.A．cleverB．lazyC．brightD．mean23.WhatmadeStephenHawkingdevotehimselftohiswork?A．Patience.B．Knowledge.C．Disease.D．Laziness.24.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．StephenHawkingdidn'trealizehisdreamsinphysics.B．ItwaspossibleforHawkingtofacetheearlydeath.C．Thepurposeofthedoctor'sdiagnosiswastoencouragehimtoworkhard.D．Hislifemightbetakenawaybylonghardwork.25.FromwhomdidHawkinggetarelativelyjustestimationwhenhewasatschool?A．Hissister.B．Hisclassmates.C．Histeachers.D．Hisparents.6\n课时作业(二十一)Ⅰ.1.B　考查名词辨析。绿灯不是一个建议，是一种要求。此处suggestion和demand对应。2．A　考查动词辨析。绿灯不是一个建议，是一种要求。可她没有遵守。此处observe意为：遵守。3．A　考查动词辨析。但红灯亮了的时候，她还没动。此处move意为：移动，开动。4．C　考查动词辨析。后面的那个男人开始大叫并不断鸣笛。5．B　考查名词辨析。警察向司机要了驾驶本并还给了他。6．A　考查动词辨析。司机抗议：我在自己的车里大喊你不能逮捕我。注意：大喊可能被罚款但不能被逮捕。此处易错。7．B　考查动词词义辨析。我不想因此而控告你。此处accuse…of…因……而控告……8．A　考查名词辨析。我对自己说，那个人一定失控了。此处outofcontrol意为：失控。9．B　考查动词辨析。这时我注意到挂着你反光镜上的十字架。10．A　考查名词辨析。“爱是一种选择”“给宁静一次机会”。11．C　考查动词辨析。他的行为不能反映保险杠标签上的话。12．B　考查形容词辨析。我们不要太挑剔。此处critical意为：挑剔的。13．D　考查名词辨析。我们一生都在改变。14．A　考查动词辨析。当现在的我们和我们希望成为的我们不同时个人就会改变。15．C　考查副词辨析。最好定一个高的理想，有时没有实现也不至于平庸。Ⅱ.ANICE建议孕期女士不要饮酒。文中涉及了英国不同健康机构以及英国政府对孕妇饮酒事宜的不同规定，但是同时指出了孕妇饮酒会对胎儿有不良的影响，从而呼吁孕妇限制饮酒甚至不要饮酒。同时，NICE还对怀孕和准备怀孕的女士保健工作提出了一些其他的建议，提倡社会各界来关注孕妇的健康。16．C　细节理解题。题干考查theDepartmentofHealth关于孕妇喝酒的建议，由文中第二段的TheDepartmentofHealthinEnglandchangeditsguidancelastyear,callingfornodrinkingwhilepregnantorwhiletryingtogetpregnant.可以看出，该机构现在呼吁孕妇不要喝酒，因此C项正确。17．B　词义猜测题。根据词汇所在的句子Theexpertssaidtherewasnoevidencethatseveralouncesonceortwiceaweekwoulddoanyharmtothebabybutcouldnotcategoricallyruleoutanyrisk.的句意：专家认为没有证据表明一周内喝一次或两次几盎司的酒就会对胎儿造成伤害，但是不能categorically排除任何危险。根据下段的最后一句中的therisktoherbabyissmall可知少量饮酒对胎儿会造成比较微小的伤害，所以categorically在这里意为“完全地”。18．D　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的About20，000pregnancieseachyearareaffectedbydiabetesand,therefore,carryhigherriskofmiscarriageandstillbirth.可以看出，患有糖尿病的孕妇有着很高的流产风险，所以应该选D。19．B　细节理解题。第五段是NationalChildbirthTrust的发现Pregnantwomenwhohavehadafewdrinksoftenworryagreatdealaboutwhethertheyhaveharmedtheirbaby.可以看出，即使喝酒不多的孕妇也会很担心喝酒会对胎儿不利，所以B正确。A项是不完整的，文中说Ingeneral,itisbelievedthatifalightinfrequentdrinker,ingoodhealth,drinkstothepointofdrunkennessononeoccasion,therisktoherbabyissmall.可知对胎儿造成比较微小的危险的怀孕妇女有以下特征：light,infrequentdrinker,ingoodhealth,ononeoccasion，而A选项只是断章取义，所以错误；同理D项也由此判断为错误选项。6\n20．A　作者意图题。作者刚开始介绍了NICE关于孕妇饮酒的新规定，然后最后一段NICE提出了一些关爱英国怀孕妇女的建议，所以应该选A。B文章向我们介绍了传奇科学家霍金。21．A　细节理解题。由第三段的ButmyclassmatesgavemethenicknameEinstein，sopresumablytheysawsignsofsomethingbetter.可知绰号“爱因斯坦”是同学给起的，但并不意味着他就是第二个爱因斯坦。故A项不符合文意。22．B　推理判断题。由第一段特别是ButoutstandingastrophysicistStephenHawkinghasadmittedthathedidnotlearntoreaduntilhewaseightyearsold.和第二段开头句可知，他小时候和在大学里是非常懒惰的。故选B项。23．C　细节理解题。由第二段最后一句…onlythediagnosisthathemightdieyoungfrommotorneuronediseasemadehimconcentrateonhiswork.可知，是“运动神经元疾病”促使他有所作为。故选C项。24．B　段落大意题。由最后一段，特别是信息句Hesaid，“Whenyouarefacedwiththepossibilityofanearlydeath，itmakesyourealizethatlifeisworthlivingandtherearelotsofthingsyouwanttodo.”可知，他有可能要面对英年早逝的不幸事实。故选B项。25．B　细节理解题。根据第三段最后霍金的话可知，尽管老师不看好他，同学仍给他“爱因斯坦”的绰号，他们从他身上看到好的一面。6