【走向高考】（天津 山东专用）高考英语一轮总复习 第二部分 学生作业手册 Module4 Great Scientists 外研版必修4

Module4　GreatScientistsⅠ.单词拼写1．Obesityisoftenthoughttobethe________(主要的)causeofheartdiseaseandhighbloodpressure.2．Ifawomanisbetter________(教育)，shewillbenefitherfamilyinthefuture.3．Itisthedealer'sdutytorecommendproductsofgood________(质量)．4．It'sbetterforthegovernmenttoattachmoreimportancetothe________(最初的)inventionsofallkinds.5．InChinathelargestpartofthepopulationareemployedin________(农业)．6．After________(毕业)fromBerkeley，heworkedinanaccountingcompanyasasenioradvisor.7．Beforehewasofferedtheimportantpost，theyoungmanwasaskedtohavea________(身体的)examinationfirst.8．Theengineerwasrequiredtomakea________(简洁的)introductiontotheprojecthewasengagedin.9．Withthe________(产量)increasingby20percent，thecompanywillhaveanotherharvestthisyear.10．________(诊断)withkidneyfailure，theyoungmanlostthehopeoflivingonintheworld.答案：1.leading　2.educated　3.quality　4.original　5.agriculture　6.graduating　7.physical　8.brief　9.production　10.DiagnosedⅡ.完成句子1．他希望靠卖饮料来谋生。Hehopesto______________________________drinks.2．由于交通阻塞，他开会迟到了。Hewaslateforthemeeting_________________________atrafficjam.3．他太幸运了，能够从那辆燃烧的汽车中逃出来。Heisluckyenoughto__________________the________bus.4．济南作为“泉城”因为它的72泉而为我们所知。Jinanis________________________________us________“QuanCity”________its72springs.5．这房间由厨房改成了厕所。9\nTheroom______________________________________akitchen________alavatory.答案：1.earnhislivingbyselling　2.asaresultof　3.escapefrom;burning　4.knownto;as;for　5.wasconvertedfrom；toⅢ.单项填空1．Menusuallygo________towhattheywantandleavequicklywhenshopping.A．slight　　　　　　　　　B．lightC．straightD．strict答案：C　考查副词与形容词辨析。A、B、D三项都是形容词，而此处需要的是副词，修饰前面的动词go，所以选C。straight既是形容词也是副词，表示“直直的/地”。2．GoghandLeonardodaVinciwereknown________theirartisticachievements.A．asB．toC．forD．in答案：C　beknownas“作为……而出名”；beknownfor“因为……而出名”；beknownto“为……所知”。句意：梵高和莱奥纳多·达芬奇都是因为他们的艺术成就而出名。3．There's________needtobansmokingas________resultofthegreatlossithascaused.A．/;aB．a;aC．the;theD．the;a答案：B　考查冠词。there'saneedtodosth.“有必要做某事”；asaresultof“由于”。4．(2022·银川一中模拟)—Mum,Ihavefinishedmyhomework.—Oh.Ifyou________nottodisturbme,youcanwatchTV.A．offer　　　　　　　　　　B．supportC．guaranteeD．want答案：C　句意：——妈妈，我已经完成作业了。——噢，如果你保证不打扰我，你可以看电视。offer“提供”；support“支持”；guarantee“保证”；want“想”。由句意可知选C。5．He________hisdutiesnextweek.A．bringsupB．setsupC．picksupD．takesup答案：D　句意：他下周就要开始履行职责。bringup“教育，提出，培养”；setup“建立”；pickup“获得，捡起”；takeup“开始从事，占据”。由句意可知选D。9\n6．________YuanLongping'sdiscoveries，Chinesericeproductionroseby47.5percentinthe1990s.A．AsaresultB．AsaresultofC．AsaconsequenceD．Asconsequenceof答案：B　考查短语辨析。句意：由于袁隆平的发现，中国的水稻产量在20世纪90年代上升了47.5%。asaresultof由于……的结果；asaresult/consequence因此，结果。D项短语不完整，应为asaconsequenceof“由于；作为……的结果”。7．(北京市西城区2022－2022学年度高三测试)Webelievethetimeandhardwork________incompletingsuchanimportantprojectareworthwhile.A．involvingB．involvedC．toinvolveD．havinginvolved答案：B　考查过去分词作定语。involvedin意为“涉及到”。句意为：“我们相信涉及到完成如此重要的工程的时间与工作都是值得的。”8．Thereisnomuchtimeleft，soI'lltellyouaboutit________.A．indetailB．inbriefC．inshortD．inall答案：B　考查介词短语辨析。句意：所剩时间不多了，所以我将简短地告诉你这件事。indetail详细地；inbrief简短地；inshort总之；inall总共。9．(2022·北京模拟)Shegotthephotosofherson________upnexttoherdesksothatshecouldseethemwhenevershemissedhim.A．topinB．pinningC．beingpinnedD．pinned答案：D　考查非谓语动词。句意：她将儿子的照片钉在桌边以便于自己想念儿子时能看看这些照片。动词get通常可以用“get＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的形式，其补足语可以是不定式、现在分词或过去分词，根据句子语境，pin与photos之间为被动关系，故要用过去分词。10．Whattheyoungmancan't________isthathismumalwaystreatshimlikeababy.A．supportB．undertakeC．holdD．bear答案：D　考查动词辨析。句意：令那个年轻人不能忍受的是妈妈总是把他当小孩子看待。support支持；undertake承担，从事，承诺；hold控制，拥有，持有，保留；bear承受，忍受。11．WhenIwasinBeijinglastyear，Isawthefamouspopstar________inthe9\nstreet.A．byaccidentB．bychangeC．byaccentD．withchance答案：A　考查介词短语辨析。句意：去年我在北京的时候，我在街上偶然看到了这位著名的流行歌星。byaccident偶然地，意外地。12．Thesolarcellcan________theenergyofsunlightintoelectricenergy.A．constructB．convertC．conserveD．convey答案：B　考查动词辨析。句意：太阳能电池能把阳光的能量转化为电能。construct建造，创立；convert转化；转换；conserve保存，节约；convey传递，传达。13．Theleftwingpartyinthecountry________in1992，andsincethenboththeemploymentandthepeople'swelfarehavebeenimprovedgreatly.A．cametopowerB．wasinpowerC．comeintopowerD．isinpower答案：A　考查动词短语辨析。句意：左翼党派1992年开始在这个国家掌权，从那以后，就业和人们的福利状况已经有了很大提高。cometopower开始执政，当权，表示动作，不与时间段短语连用，故A项正确；而wasinpower表状态；C、D两项时态不对。14．DuetotheheavyfloodinThailand，largequantitiesofsupplies________indesperateneedinthefloodstrickenareanow.A．isB．areC．hasbeenD．hadbeen答案：B　考查主谓一致。句意：由于泰国境内严重的洪水，洪灾地区目前急需大量物资。“largequantitiesof＋名词”作主语，句子谓语动词用复数形式，根据句中的时间状语可知，要用一般现在时。故本题正确选项为B。15．—Shallwegotohaveapicnicintheopenairthisweekend?—________.Iwanttorelax,forI'mtootiredthesedays.A．OfcoursewecanB．Itcouldn'tbebetterC．IfyoulikeD．It'suptoyou答案：B　句意：——这个周末我们去户外野餐好吗？——再好不过了，这些天我太累了，想放松一下。Itcouldn'tbebetter“那再好不过了”，故选B。Ofcoursewecan是针对别人的请求所做的肯定回答；Ifyoulike“如果你愿意”；It'suptoyou“由你决定”。Ⅳ.完形填空ThefamousscientistAlbertEinsteindiedin1955.His__1__nowisinthecentral9\nstateofKansasoftheU．S..Itbelongstoaretired(退休的)__2__doctor,ThomasHarvey.__3__didthishappen?Andwhy?Inthe1950s,AlbertEinsteinandThomasHarvey__4__eachotherwhentheybothlivedinPrinceton,NewJersey.EinsteinwasworkingatPrincetonUniversity__5__DoctorHarveywasworkingatPrincetonHospital.WhenEinsteindied,DoctorHarveywas__6__toexaminehisbody.Itwasthenthathestartedtostudy__7__hasbecomealongtimeexaminationofEinstein'sbrain.Hisgoalwasto__8__somephysicalevidence(证据)ofthescientist'sgenius(才华)．DoctorHarvey,__9__，didnottellEinstein'sfamilythathe__10__thegreatman'sbrain.Itwasonlylater__11__thefamilylearnedofDoctorHarvey'swork.Theydidnot__12__theideaatfirst.AfterDoctorHarveyexplainedhisideatothem,theyagreedto__13__himtostudythebrain.DoctorHarveythenasked__14__scientiststohelp.Theycutthebrain__15__threepieces.Theymarkedeachpiecebeforeplacingitincontainers__16__chemicalformaldehyde(甲醛)toprotectit.DoctorHarveyhasbeen__17__Einstein'sbrainsincethen.Hehascarrieditwithhimashemovedfromplacetoplace.Hehasalsolentpartsofthebraintootherscientists__18__study.Onlyoneresearcherhasfoundsomething__19__.AdoctorattheUniversityofCaliforniafoundthattheleftpartofEinstein'sbrainhasmorecertaincells(细胞)than__20__.Suchcellsareknowntofeedbrain.Thismaymeanthatthecellscouldaffectintelligence.1．A.bodyB．heartC．brainD．head答案：C　从后文可知是爱因斯坦的大脑被保存在美国的Kansas州。2．A.actualB．chemicalC．naturalD．medical答案：D　一个退休的医学博士。3．A.WhatB．HowC．WhoD．Which答案：B　这是怎么回事呢？4．A.realizedB．recognizedC．learnedD．knew答案：D　两个人都住在普林斯顿城，因此互相认识。5．A.asB．becauseC．whileD．since9\n答案：C　while表示对比转折，意为“然而”。6．A.calledonB．calledatC．sentupD．sentoff答案：A　callon此处意为“要求(某人做某事)”。7．A.whichB．howC．thatD．what答案：D　study后是一个宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，故用连接代词what引导。8．A.inventB．discoverC．proveD．examine答案：B　他的目的是从身体方面找出爱因斯坦聪明的证据。9．A.perhapsB．thereforeC．thusD．however答案：D　由上下文语境可知此处表示转折关系，故用副词however。10．A.boughtB．soldC．keptD．made答案：C　但他并没有告诉爱因斯坦的家人他保存着他的大脑。11．A.thatB．whenC．beforeD．after答案：A　强调句型Itwas...that...。12．A.hearofB．likeC．suggestD．offer答案：B　当爱因斯坦的家人知道此事后，开始他们是不认同这个主意的。13．A.promiseB．letC．haveD．permit答案：D　后来他们同意让他研究爱因斯坦的大脑。14．A.othertwoB．twootherC．moretwoD．twoanother答案：B　“另外两个科学家”，用twootherscientists或anothertwoscientists。15．A.offB．byC．intoD．about答案：C　cut...intothreepieces“把……切成三块”。16．A.forB．aboutC．ofD．with9\n答案：D　with此处意为“带有，装有”。17．A.learningB．studyingC．searchingD．selling答案：B　全文一直在讲“研究”爱因斯坦的大脑。18．A.forB．onC．intoD．about答案：A　forstudy“以供研究”，for表示目的。19．A.easyB．difficultC．particularD．common答案：C　有一个科学家发现了特别的东西。20．A.everB．enoughC．usualD．normal答案：D　某种细胞比正常情况下多一些。Ⅴ.阅读理解NextHalloween，asmallvegetablethatlookslikeapumpkinmayappearinagardennearyou.Thevegetableisatypeofpepperthatiscalled“Lil'Pumpkin”．It'sveryspecialbecauseithasorange，pumpkinlikefruit.Youmightthinkthatallvegetablesaregrowntoprovidefoodtoeat.Butsomevegetablesaregrownmainlyforthelivelycolorandholidayspiritthattheybringtogardens.Thesearecalled“ornamentals(观赏性植物)”．JustlikelightsdecorateaChristmastree，theydecorateagarden.Thepepperswerebred(培育)byAgriculturalResearchService(ARS)scientistsJohnStommelandRobertGriesbach.Anotherpepperthescientistsdevelopediscalled“PepperJack”．BecausePepperJackhasorangeandblackconeshaped(锥形的)fruit，itmightremindyouofthepopularHalloweentreat“candycorn”．StommelsaysthatvegetablecropssuchaspepperswerefirstwidelygrowninEuropeinthe15thcentury.Atthattime，peoplelikedthesecropsmorebecausetheylookedprettythanbecausetheyprovidedfood.Backthen，whenagardenergrewplantsfordecorationandplantsforfood，thegardenwascalleda“potager”．Anexampleofthisisthelargegardensonthelawns(草坪)ofcastlesandverylargehomeswherekingsandqueenslived.OneofthoselargeroyalhomeswastheFrenchking'spalaceatVersaillesduringthe1600s.Thepalaceisstilltheretoday，andpeoplefromallovertheworldstillgotheretovisitandseethegardens.9\nToday，Stommelsaysusingvegetablesasdecorationsingardenshasbecomepopularagain.Soyoumightbewondering，ifthesepeppersarefordecoration，canpeopleeatthem？Yes，butthefruitfrombothofthesepeppershasasharptaste(kindoflikeonions)．Thesepeppersarescheduledtobecomeavailableinmid2022.Theseprettypepperscanbegrownincontainersandalsoingardenbeds.Theygrowbestwithplentyoflightandwarmtemperatures，Stommelsyas.1．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Differentkindsofpeppers.B．Thehistoryofpeppers.C．PepperswiththeHalloweenspirit.D．FoodfortheHalloweenfestival.答案：C　主旨大意题。读文章第1段可知本文主要介绍的是这种外表酷似南瓜的辣椒，而南瓜是万圣节的标志，故答案为C项。2．Whatdoweknowabout“Lil'Pumpkin”and“PepperJack”？A．TheyareusedtodecorateChristmastrees.B．Theyaregrownmainlytoprovidefoodtoeat.C．Theirfruitshavedifferentshapes.D．Theirfruitsarethesamecolor.答案：C　细节理解题。第1段中说到了第一种辣椒外表像南瓜，而根据第3段中的“BecausePepperJackhasorangeandblackconeshaped”可知第2种辣椒的形状是锥形的，故答案为C项。3．Theunderlinedword“they”inParagraph2refersto“______”．A．thesevegetablesB．theseholidaysC．theselightsD．thesescientists答案：A　词义猜测题。联系本段前面的“Butsomevegetablesaregrownmainlyforthelivelycolorandholidayspiritthattheybringtogardens”可知这里是指那些蔬菜。4．Accordingtothepassage，apotagerwas________.A．theplacewherekingsandqueenslivedB．thegardenintheFrenchking'spalaceC．aplaceprovidingvegetablesfortheroyalhomesD．agardenwithplantsfordecorationandforfood9\n答案：D　细节理解题。根据第5段的首句Backthen，whenagardenergrewplantsfordecorationandplantsforfood，thegardenwascalleda“potagor”可知答案为D项。9