云南省昆明市2022高考英语一轮 阅读理解训练题（9）

昆明市2022高考英语（阅读理解）一轮训练题（9）及答案阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。AGoingtoschoolmeanslearningnewskillsandfactsindifferentsubjects.Teachersteachandstudentslearn,andmanyscientistsareinterestedinfindingwaystoimprovebothteachingandlearningprocesses.SianBeilockandSusanLeving,twopsychologistsattheUniversityofChicago,aretryingtolearnaboutlearning.Inanewstudyaboutthewaykidslearnmathinelementaryschool,BeilockandLevinefoundasurprisingrelationshipbetweenwhatfemaleteachersthinkandwhatfemalestudentslearn:Ifafemaleteacherisuncomfortablewithherownmathskills,thenherfemalestudentsaremorelikelytobelievethatboysarebetterthangirlsatmath.“Ifthesegirlskeepgettingmath-anxiousfemaleteachersinlatergrades,itmaycreateasnowballeffectontheirmathachievement,”LevinetoldScienceNews.Thestudysuggeststhatifthesegirlsgrowupbelievingthatboysarebetteratmaththangirlsare,thenthesegirlsmaynotdoaswellastheywouldhaveiftheyweremoreconfident.Justasstudentsfindcertainsubjectstobedifficult,teacherscanfindcertainsubjectstobedifficulttolearn—andteach.Thesubjectofmathcanbeparticularlydifficultforeveryone.Thenewstudyinvolved65girls,52boysand17first-andsecond-gradeteachersinelementaryschoolsintheMidwest.Thestudentstookmathachievementtestsatthebeginningandendoftheschoolyear,andtheresearcherscomparedthescoresTheresearchersalsogavethestudentsteststotellwhetherthestudentsbelievedamathsuperstarhadtobeaboy.Thentheresearchersturnedtotheteachers:Tofindoutwhichteacherswereanxiousaboutmath,theresearchersaskedtheteachershowtheyfeltattimeswhentheycameacrossmath,suchaswhenreadingasalesreceipt.Ateacherwhogotnervouslookingatthenumbersonasalesreceipt,forexample,wasprobablyanxiousaboutmath.-7-\nBoys,onaverage,wereunaffectedbyateacher’sanxiety.Onaverage,girlswithmath-anxiousteachersscoredlowerontheend-of-the-yearmathteststhanothergirlsinthestudydid.Plus,onthetestshowingwhethersomeonethoughtamathsuperstarhadtobeaboy,20girlsshowedfeelingthatboyswouldbebetteratmath—andallofthesegirlshadbeentaughtbyfemaleteacherswithmathanxiety.Accordingtosurveysdonebeforethisone,collegestudentswhowanttobecomeelementaryschoolteachershavethehighestlevelsofanxietyaboutmath.Plus,nineofevery10elementaryteachersarewomen,Levinesaid.1.SianBeilockandSusanLevinecarriedoutthenewresearchinorderto___________.A.knowtheeffectsofteachingonlearningB.studystudents’waysoflearningmathC.provewomenteachersareunfittoteachmathD.findbetterteachingmethodsforteachers2.Theunderlinedpartinparagraph2mostprobablymeansthatgirlsmay___________.A.enduplearningmathanxietyfromtheirteachersB.studythewaystheirfemaleteachersbehaveC.haveaninfluenceontheirmath-anxiousfemaleteachersD.gainunexpectedachievementinsuchsubjectsasmath3.Inthestudy,whatweretheteachersrequiredtodo?A.Preparetwomathachievementtestsforthestudents.B.Telltheirfeelingsaboutmathproblems.C.Answerwhetheramathsuperstarhadtobeaboy.D.Comparethestudents’scoresafterthemathtests.4.Whatisthefindingofthenewstudy?A.Nomalestudentswereaffectedbytheirteachers’anxiety.B.Almostallthegirlsgotlowerscoresintheteststhantheboys]C.About30%ofthegirlsthoughtboysarebetteratmaththangirls.D.Girlswithmath-anxiousteachersallfailedinthemathtests.5.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A.117studentsandteacherstookpartinthenewstudy.-7-\nB.Theresearchersfeltsurprisedatthefindingsoftheirstudy.C.BeilockandLevineareinterestedinteachingmath.D.Menteachersarebetteratteachingmaththanwomenteachers.参考答案BDBCB********************************************************************结束BParents,ourfirstteachers,playahighlysignificantroleinourlives．However,doesn’titseemthatmanyofuscometohaveconflictswiththemwhenwestarthighschool?We'relesslikelytolistentothemandtaketheirsuggestions---weevenrebelagainstthem.Why?Itmaybetheso-called“generationgap”.Agenerationgapappearswhenwebegintofeelourparentsareignoringus,don’tunderstandus,andwefeelwecannolongershareourfeelingswiththem.Thekeyreasonisourdesireforindependence.Inseniorhighschool,westarttowanttotakeresponsibilityforourownlivesandmakeourowndecisions.Butparentsresistthis.Theystillwanttocontrolusandtrytoforceustodothingstheythinkweshoulddo.Debateanddiscussionoftencometonothing.Gradually,wetalkwiththemless,andkeepourfeelingslockedupinside.ZhangXiaoyun,16,ofNingbo,Zhejiang,hastalkedlessandlesswithhermothersinceshestartedseniorhighschool.“Shebelievesstudiesshouldbemypriority,notmyinnerworld,”Zhangsaid.“Eachday,sheasksmethesameoldquestionslike,‘Howwasyourlastexam?’or‘Haveyoumadeanyprogressinphysics?’”ToZhang,thesequestionsareannoyingandsoshealwaystriestoignorethemandanswersperfunctorily.“Sometimes,whenIgetupset,Iquarrelwithher.After,shecomestoapologizeandcomfortme.ButIknow,shedoesn’tcompletelyunderstandme,”Zhangsaid.Now,ahomethatwasoncefulloflaughterhasfallenintogloomandsilence.Thegenerationgapcanbeharmful.Becauseofthelackofcommunication,our-7-\nparentsnolongerknowwhatwearethinkingabout.Therearequarrels,evenovertrivialthings.Whenthathappens,wemaynotbeabletoconcentrateonourstudies.Someofusevenbecomeafraidtogohomeafterschool---averyserioussituationforthewholefamily.6.Whichofthefollowingisnotincludedinthepassage?A.Thecausesofgenerationgap.B.Theeffectsofgenerationgap.C.Oneexampleofgenerationgap.D.Waysofnarrowinggenerationgap.7.Whichofthefollowingisonereasonforthegenerationgapaccordingtothepassage?A.Modernsocietychangingveryfast.B.Parentshavingunrealistichopesoftheirchildren.C.Parentsandkidsnotunderstandingandrespectingeachother.D.Youngpeoplelikingtoescapefromthecontroloftheirparents.8.Whichofthefollowingwordshastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedword“perfunctorily”?A.attentivelyB.indifferently(冷淡地)C.flatteringly(奉承地)D.seriously9.Intheviewoftheauthor,________.A.parentsshouldallowtheirchildrenmorefreedomB.parentsandchildrenshouldnotstaytogetherC.theyoungergenerationshouldvaluetheoldergenerationD.academicrecordsaremoreimportantthanone’sinnerworld参考答案DCBA********************************************************结束（2022·江西卷）C-7-\nThegardencitywaslargelytheinventionofEbenezerHoward(1850-1928).AfterimmigratingformEnglandtotheUSA,andanunsuccessfulattempttomakealivingasafarmer,hemovedtoChicago,wherehesawthereconstructionofthecityafterthedisastrousfireof1871.Inthosedays,itwasnicknamed“theGardenCity”,almostcertainlythesourceofHoward’snameforhislaterbuildingplanoftowns.ReturningtoLondon,Howarddevelopedhisdesigninthe1880sand1890s,drawingonideasthatwerepopularatthetime,butcreatingauniquecombinationofdesigns.Thenineteenth-centurypoorcitywasinmanywaysaterribleplace,dirtyandcrowded;butitofferedeconomicandsocialopportunities.Atthesametime,theBritishcountrysidewasinfactequallyunattractive:thoughitpromisedfreshairandnature,itsufferedfromagriculturaldepression(萧条)anditofferedneitherenoughworkandwages,normuchsociallife.Howard’sideawastocombinethebestoftownandcountryinanewkindofsettlement,thegardencity.Howard’sideawasthatagroupofpeopleshouldsetupacompany,borrowingmoneytoestablishagardencityinthedepressedcountryside;farenoughfromexistingcitiestomakesurethatthelandwasboughtatthebottomprice.Gardencitieswouldprovideacentralpublicopenspace,radialavenuesandconnectingindustries.Theywouldbesurroundedbyamuchlargerareaofgreenbelt,alsoownedbythecompany,containingnotmerelyfarmsbutalsosomeindustrialinstitutions.Asmoreandmorepeoplemovedin,thegardencitywouldreachitsplannedlimit-Howardsuggested32,000people;then,anotherwouldbestartedashortdistanceaway.Thus,overtime,therewoulddevelopavastplannedhousecollection,extendingalmostwithoutlimit;withinit,eachgardencitywouldofferawiderangofjobsandservices,buteachwouldalsobeconnectedtotheothersbyarapidtransportationsystem,thusgivingalltheeconomicandsocialopportunitiesofabigcity.66.HowdidHowardgetthenameforhisbuildingplanofgardencities?A.Throughhisobservationofthecountrylife.B.Throughthecombinationofdifferentideas.C.Bytakingotherpeople’sadvice.D.ByusingthenicknameofthereconstructedChicago.-7-\n67.Theunderlinedphrase“drawingon”inParagraph1probablymeans______.A.makinguseofB.makingcommentsonC.givinganexplanationofD.givingadescriptionof68.AccordingtoHoward,gardencitiesshouldbebuilt______.A.asfaraspossiblefromexistingcitiesB.inthecountrysidewherethelandwascheapC.inthecountrysidewhereagriculturewasdevelopedD.nearcitieswhereemploymentopportunitiesalreadyexisted69.Whatcanwelearnaboutgardencitiesfromthelastparagraph?A.TheirnumberwouldcontinuetoriseB.EachonewouldcontinuetobecomelargerC.PeoplewouldliveandworkinthesameplaceD.Eachonewouldcontainacertaintypeofbusiness70.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.CityandCountrysideB.TheInventionoftheGardenCityC.ANewCityinChicagoD.AFamousGardenCityinEngland66题：答案：D考点：细节理解题解析：通过文章第一段的第三句得出：芝加哥的花园城市几乎成为了Howard后来命名的来源。选项选择D,选项A,B,C未体现 67题答案：A考点：词义理解题解析：通过文章第一段叙述可知Howard在到达芝加哥后有了创建“花园城市“的灵感，回到伦敦后，他运用当时所流行的观点把各种设计进行了结合，形成了他自己的独特设计。选项选择A 68题-7-\n答案：B考点：细节理解题解析：根据文章第二段的最后一句话可知：要远离现有的城市带以保证土地可以以最低的价位买到。解题关键在：tomakesure表示目的是，重点在后面。Bottomprice指最低价格，对应文章选项的土地便宜。答案选择B.选项A,C,D都不是建造花园城市的关键要求。 69题答案：A考点：细节理解题解析：根据文章第三句可知：当越来越多的人搬入花园城市，花园城市就会达到它的预期极限，然后，在不远的地方又会建造另外一个花园城市。答案选择:A. 选项B,每一个花园城市并不会一直扩大，到了一定程度，就会到达极限，另一个花园城市会再建造起来，该选项错误选项C.不同的花园城市建造起来，人们不会在同一个地点生活和上班。该选项错误选项D 每一个花园城市都有带有农业和一些工业企业，并不只带有一种特定的经济。从最后一段的第二句可以得出该选项错误。70题答案：B考点：主旨大意题解析：从文章通篇可知，文章讲到的是由芝加哥花园城市的建立到伦敦花园城市的建立，再到文章二段，三段讲到的花园城市建立需要的一些条件和建立的模式可知道文章重点是围绕花园城市的创立来展开的。A选项与文章本身不符合，C选项芝加哥新城只是文章开头的引入，后面通篇围绕的都是花园城市展开，与文章本身不符合，D选项的英格兰花园城市只是花园城市的一个典型代表，选项并没有进行通篇描述这一个花园城市，而是转入花园城市的总体建立条件和模式展开。故答案选择B.**********************************************************结束-7-