江苏省2022高考英语第三部分写作层级训练第一步循序渐进提升写作技能第一讲短蝎悍的简单句讲解

第一步　循序渐进，提升写作技能李仕才第一讲　短小精悍的简单句英语中最重要、最基本的句式有五种，复杂的句子结构都是这些基本句型的扩展和延伸。因此，加强对五种基本句型的学习是写作的基础，也是提高英语写作水平的前提。除了系动词be外，还有一些动词是系动词：表感官的动词(feel，smell，taste，sound等)，表“像”的动词(look，appear，seem等)，表状态变化的动词(become，get，grow，turn，go等)，表延续的动词(remain，keep，hold，stay等)。作表语的通常是名词、形容词、不定式、介词短语或从句。1.Mr.Brownisanengineer.(名词作表语)2.Graduallyhebecamesilent.(形容词作表语)3.Sheremainedstandingforanhour.(现在分词作表语)4.Thequestionremainedunsolved.(过去分词作表语)5.Themachineisoutoforder.(介词短语作表语)6.Thetelevisionwason.(副词作表语)7.Hisplanistokeeptheaffairsecret.(动词不定式作表语)8.Myjobisrepairingcars.(动名词作表语)9.Thequestioniswhatyouwanttodo.(从句作表语，即：表语从句)[名师点津]　在下面的句子中，形容词作表语，在表语的后面常常接不定式结构。1.I’mhappytomeetyou.2.Theyarewillingtohelp.3.Wearedeterminedtofollowhisexample.5\n这种句型中的动词(短语)大多是不及物动词，这类动词(短语)常见的有：takeplace，happen，breakout，appear，disappear，apologize，arrive，go，come，die，count，matter，fall，rise等。有些动词如wash，sell，burn，write，clean，cook，read等可以在后面加副词表示主语的性质，也用于主谓结构。1.Thesunisrising.2.I’lltry.3.Didyousleepwell？(well作状语，修饰不及物动词sleep)4.Theenginebrokedown.[名师点津]　在此句型中，有少数不及物动词表达被动含义，表达主语本身所具有的特征，不用被动语态。1.Thebooksellswell.2.Thewindowwon’tshut.3.Thepenwritessmoothly.4.Cheesecutseasily.主谓宾结构是英语中常见的句型，谓语是及物动词(短语)，宾语通常是名词、代词、动名词、不定式等。1.Doyouknowthesepeople(them)？(名词或代词作宾语)2.Ican’texpressmyselfinEnglish.(反身代词作宾语)3.Hesmiledastrangesmile.(同源宾语)4.Wecan’taffordtopaysuchaprice.(不定式作宾语)5.Wouldyoumindwaitingafewminutes？(动名词作宾语)6.IhopethatIhavesaidnothingtopainyou.(从句作宾语，即：宾语从句)[名师点津]　并不是所有的及物动词都可以接上述各种情况作宾语，不同的动词有不同的用法，所以，在学习动词时，一定要掌握其用法。5\n在英语的双宾语结构中，谓语动词是能带一个间接宾语和一个直接宾语的及物动词，这类动词被称为双宾语及物动词。这种带双宾语的动词也可以与介词to或for连用，构成“主语＋谓语动词＋直接宾语＋介词＋间接宾语”的句型。间接宾语前需要加to的常用动词：bring，give，hand，lend，offer，owe，pass，write，send，show，tell，teach等。间接宾语前需要加for的常用动词：buy，call，cook，choose，draw，find，get，sing，spare。1.Hehandedmealetter.→Hehandedalettertome.2.Shegavemehertelephonenumber.→Shegavehertelephonenumbertome.3.Shesangusafolksong.→Shesangafolksongforus.4.Shecookedusadeliciousmeal.→Shecookedadeliciousmealforus.宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语内容的，通常放在宾语的后面，起补充说明的作用。名词、形容词、分词、不定式、介词短语等常常作宾语补足语。1.Hefoundhisnewjobboring.(形容词作宾补)2.TheycalledtheirdaughterMary.(名词作宾补)3.Thisplacedherinaverydifficultposition.(介词短语作宾补)4.Wewenttoherhousebutfoundherout.(副词作宾补)5.Whatdoyouadvisemetodo？(不定式作宾补)6.Wethoughthimtobeanhonestman.(tobe作宾补)7.Hebelievedthemtohavediscussedtheproblem.(不定式的完成式作宾补)8.Hebelievedhertobetellingthetruth.(不定式的进行式作宾补)9.Didyounoticehimcomein？(不带to的不定式作宾补)10.IsawherchattingwithNancy.(现在分词作宾补)11.Hewatchedthepianocarriedupstairs.(过去分词作宾补)[跟踪训练]Ⅰ.用下面所给的动词作谓语，按要求完成下面句子★leave1.Theywill__leave(将离开)tomorrow.(主谓)2.Theboyleft__his__book__here(把书落在这里)yesterday.(主谓宾)3.Tomalwaysleaves__his__homework__unfinished(做不完作业)atnight.(主谓宾宾补)5\n4.Hisgrandfather__left__his__son__a__big__house(留给儿子一所大房子)afterhisdeath.(主谓间宾直宾)★write5.Wewrite__with__pens(用钢笔写字).(主谓)6.Sheoftenwrites__reports(写报告)foranewspaper.(主谓宾)7.Shewrote__me__a__letter(给我写信)lastweek.(主谓间宾直宾)Ⅱ.翻译句子1.我们的语文老师很随和。Our__Chinese__teacher__is__very__easy-going.2.他所说的话听起来有道理。What__he__said__sounds__reasonable.3.孩子们急急忙忙向博物馆方向走去。The__children__walked__in__the__direction__of__the__museum__in__a__hurry.4.在去哪儿度假的问题上我父母最终让步了。My__parents__gave__in__at__last__on__where__to__spend__the__holiday.5.我喜欢跟Smith一起工作。I__enjoy__working__with__Smith.6.他几乎不知道如何写作文。He__hardly__knows__how__to__write__a__composition.7.售票员把车票一一给了乘客。The__conductor__gave__the__tickets__to__the__passengers__one__by__one.8.我给儿子买了个笔记本电脑作为礼物。I__bought__a__laptop__for__my__son__as__a__gift.9.孩子们把新年晚会办得很成功。Children__made__the__new__year__party__a__success.10.他让狗围着桌子跑。He__had__the__dog__run__around__the__desk.Ⅲ.典型病句诊断1.I’mverymuchlikeEnglish.→I__like__English__very__much.2.MyfavouritesubjectsincludingEnglishandChinese.including→include5\n3.Thefuturelifewillbecomemoreandmorebetter.more__and__more__better→better__and__better4.Intheiropinion，gotouniversityistheonlywaytosuccess.go→going5.Therehavemanystudentstalkingoutside.have→are6.Hecosttendollarsforthebook.cost→paid7.Sheisconfidenceandpatience.confidence__and__patience→confident__and__patient8.IfollowedMr.Smithentertheoffice.enter前加to9.Hashereturnedbackyet？去掉back10.HeleaveBeijingonacoldwinternight.leave→left11.Iworkedhardlyinordertocatchupwithothers.hardly→hard12.Thefiredestroiedtheirhouses.destroied→destroyed13.Shefellveryhappyatthenews.fell→felt14.Heisworksveryhard.去掉is15.Myhomevillagehastakenplacegreatchangesinthepastfewyears.→Great__changes__have__taken__place__in__my__home__village__in__the__past__few__years.5