江苏省2022高考英语第三部分写作层级训练第二步通览全局写作分类突破第一讲如何写概要讲解

第二步　通览全局，写作分类突破李仕才第一讲　如何写概要一、题型特点读写任务型作文的写作内容一般分为两个部分，即写作内容一为概括短文大意，以及写作内容二，就某个主题发表看法。“读写任务”是“读”和“写”的有机结合，“读”的材料是为了后面的“写”提供情景；同样，“写”也是对“读”的材料的思考和延伸。二、写作技巧1.写作步骤摘要通常要求写30词左右，一般由“主题句＋支撑句”构成。写作时可按以下步骤进行。(1)寻找关键词。文章的关键词可结合写作内容中的“就……”主题发表自己的看法的要求来确定。如，要求你“以约120词讲述一次你(或你的朋友)想家的经历”，那么所阅读的文章的主题词就应是homesick。(2)确定主题句。文章的主题句首先可通过所给阅读材料的标题来确定，阅读材料的标题即是文章的论点或主题句。没有标题的文章，我们就应注意第一段(总起段)和最后一段(总结段)，或每一段的第一句或第二句(总起句)和最后一句(总结句)。没有主题句的需要自己根据段落大意进行总结。(3)重构主题句。主题句要能概括全文中心，并能涵盖后面支撑句的所有内容。(4)重组支撑句。支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句，对主题句进行补充或者提供证据。2.概括的形式：“主题句＋支撑句”即“主题＋主题的什么”文体主题句支撑句议论文文章论点文章论据记叙文故事的写作目的/主题故事大意说明文说明的对象/观点/现象解释/分述5\n[名师点津]　写概要时不要照搬原文中的句子，而必须用自己的话来转述。概括可采用总→分的形式，即第一句话是主题句，清楚明白地告诉读者文章的主要内容(这句话举足轻重)，后面的句子对主题句进行解释和支撑，主题之外的内容要毫不吝啬地予以剔除。【典例示范】请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。(江苏卷)Whenwereadnewspapers,weoftencomeacrosssuchEnglishwordsas“AIDS”and“PK.”WhenwewatchTV,wefrequentlyhearwordslike“NBA”or“PM2.5.”Whenwespeak,weautomaticallyusewordslike“OUT”or“Bye-bye.”Englishwordsandexpressionslikethesearegettingpopular.Theyhavealreadybecomepartofourdailylanguage.And239EnglishwordshavebeenincludedinthelatestDictionaryofContemporaryChinese.Theinclusionhasstartedaheateddiscussion.AgroupofscholarssignedaletterofcomplaintovertheinclusionoftheseEnglishwords,which,theythink,goesagainstChineselanguagepolicies.TheynotonlyworrythatChineseisborrowinganincreasingnumberofEnglishwordsbutarealsoconcernedthattheinclusionmayhurtthedignityoftheChineselanguage.However,othersareinfavoroftheinclusionbecauseitishardtosaywhetheritwillthreatentheChineselanguage.Theybelievetheselectionismostlyaresultoftheirfunctionanduseindailylife.[写作内容]1.用约30个单词写出上文概要；2.用约120个单词发表你的观点，内容包括：(1)支持或反对汉语词典收录英语词汇；(2)用2～3个理由或论据支撑你的观点。[写作要求]1.可以支持文中任一观点，但必须提供理由或论据；2.阐述观点或提供论据时，不能直接引用原文语句；3.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；4.不必写标题。[评分标准]内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。[参考范文1]5\nToday,moreandmoreEnglishwordsfindtheirwayintotheChineselanguage.EventheDictionaryofContemporaryChineseincludes239Englishwords.Somepeoplesupportitwhileothersdonot.[参考范文2]WithEnglishwordsgettingpopularinbothmediaanddailylife,aChinesedictionaryhasincluded239ofthem,leavingthepublicdividedintotwoopposinggroups:“For”and“Against.”能力提升练1阅读下面的短文，然后以约30个词概括下文的主要内容。(2022·江苏张家港市模拟)JohnwastravelingbyshiptoEuropewhenaterriblestormcame.Agreatleakwasfillingtheshipwithwater.Nomatterhowhardthesailorsandpassengersworkedatthepumps,thewaterwasstillrising.Theshipwassinkingfast.Thereseemedtobenohope.Butthecaptaintoldthemnottogiveuphope.Hesaidthattherewashopesolongastheshipremainedabovewater.Hepromisedthatiftheydidn’tgiveuphope,hewouldlandthemsafely.Thecaptain’spowerfulwillmovedthemall.Intheendhedidlandthemsafely.Aftertheylanded,Johnfoundthecaptaintoshowhisappreciation.Buttohissurprise,thecaptainsaidtohimthathewastheboyof30yearsagowhoboughtageographybookinhisbookstore.Johnsuddenlythoughtoftheboy.Atthattimetheboydidn’thaveenoughmoney,buthehadgonefromshoptoshopandbelievedhecouldgetwhathewanted.Finally,hemadeit.Now,itwasthesamewillpowerofhimthatsavedthelivesofallthepassengers.[参考范文]Inthestory,acaptainalwaysinsistedondoingsomething,evenwhenhewasalittleboy.Inonevoyage,itwasjusthiswillpowerthatmadehimsaveallthepassengers’lives.能力提升练2阅读下面短文，然后以约30个词概括下文的主要内容。(2022·江苏盐城阜宁一中学情调研)StudentsinChinaspendalotoftimelearningEnglish.Butmostofthemcannotuseittocommunicate.Someexpertsthinkthereason5\nliesinthetestingsystem,becausethecurrentEnglishtestingsysteminChinaputstoomuchpressureonstudentstogethighmarksandpaynoattentiontothedevelopmentoftheiroverall(全面的)languageabilities.Consideringthis,recentlymanyexpertsarecallingforreforms(改革)oftheEnglishlanguagetestingsystemtomakeitmoreeffectivelytodevelopactuallanguageabilities.TheysaychangesarenecessaryforthedevelopmentofthenationalEnglisheducationsystem.[参考范文]Recently,thetopicofwhetherEnglishtestsystemshouldbechangedhascausedaheateddiscussion.Manypeoplethinkthecurrenttestingsystempreventsstudentsfromdevelopingoveralllanguageabilitiesandthereforeargueforareform.能力提升练3阅读下面短文，然后以约30个词概括下文的主要内容。(2022·江苏盐城市高三联考)ChenYifan,thestudentfromalocalseniorhighschool,hitaBMWcarparkingalongthestreetwhenhewaspassingbyonabicycleonFebruary4,leavingtherearviewmirrorbrokenandseveralscratchesoverthebodyofthecar.Chenleftaletterofapologytothecarowner,togetherwithanenvelopeof311yuanhehadearnedfrompart-timejobsduringthewinterholiday.Heputthemattheinsideofadoorhandle.ThecarownersurnamedXuefoundtheletterandcashthenextdayandgotsotouchedbyChen’shonesty.WiththehelpoflocalpoliceXuelocatedthestudentonFebruary10inthehopeofreturningthemoney.HetoldthepolicethathealsowantstofundChen’seducationifthefamilycannotaffordit.OnFebruary11,Chen’smother,afterknowingwhathersonhaddone,voluntarilycontactedXuetryingtocompensatefortherepairof13，000yuan.ButXueturnedherdownfirmly.Thenextday,Xue’sdaughtervisitedChen’sfamilywithagrantof10，000yuanforhiseducation.[参考范文]ChenYifanandhismomdecidedtopayalltheycouldaffordforcompensationafter5\nChenaccidentallybumpedintoaparkedBMW.Movedbyhisdeed,thecarownerdeclinedandofferedtosponsorChen’seducation.5