江苏省2022高考英语第三部分写作层级训练第二步通览全局写作分类突破第六讲由“表”析“理”成就图表类写作讲解

第六讲　由“表”析“理”，成就图表类李仕才写作一、题型特点1.图表类书面表达常以曲线图形式、流程图形式、柱形图形式、饼式图形式、数据表格形式及平面图形式出现。这类题型具有文字少、信息简洁、要点分散等特征。图表类书面表达在近年的高考中时有出现，主要是一些关于情况调查、生产、销售、发展进程等各种项目统计的示意图。2.图表作文主要是介绍或说明某方面的情况，文体上属于说明文。3.考生应按照说明文的形式和特点来进行写作。由于这类试题文字少、信息简洁，如果只是把图表中的内容一点一点地记叙出来，进行清单式的罗列，就会索然乏味，并且达不到字数要求。因此，对于这类形式的书面表达，考生首先要根据图表前的文字说明，弄清楚图表的性质、内容、规律。二、写作技巧1.细读图表，抓住特征图表中的数据信息往往较多，首先要读懂其中的符号和数字所代表的意思。然后，从图表的整体着手，认真分析各项数据，抓住其主要特征，弄懂它们所揭示的规律。经常使用的词汇有：table，chart，figure，graph，describe，tell，show，represent等。2.认真审读，确定主题认真审读试题所提供的数据信息，结合文字提示，确定短文的主题。短文的主题往往隐含在图表中，需要考生从图表数据中概括出事情或事件的规律和特征，然后归纳出主题。有时，试题给出了短文的题目，也就等于为考生点明了主题。3.巧用数据，突出主题引用数据说明基本趋势，比较数据揭示基本特征。由于图表中的数据信息较多，写作时要巧妙地引用一些数据来说明主题，不要作任何发挥。表达时，既要包含所有要点，但又不能面面俱到。经常使用的词汇有：8\nrise，drop，reduce，increase，decrease，fall，while，but，onthecontrary，however，compare...to/with...，incontrastto，as...as，thesameas，similarto，differentfrom，differencebetween，among，morethan，lessthan等。4.词句多变，表达灵活由于图表数据比较单调，很容易使人选用相同的词语和句式进行表达，结果文章显得很乏味。因此，写作时要尽量避免重复使用同一词语或句型，选择一些异曲同工的词语和句式来表达。5.适当发挥，表明观点图表类书面表达有时要求考生在对数据进行分析、对比后，简单地谈谈自己的看法或提出建议，这属于让考生自主发挥的部分，更是短文最精彩的部分。考生要在该部分陈述自己的看法，表明自己的观点，提出解决问题的方法或建议。表述观点时，可以引用人们普遍的观点，也可说出自己独到的见解。借题发挥时，不可偏离主题，只要把观点表述清楚即可，不必作更多的解释或说明。经常使用的词有：inaword，inshort，generallyspeaking，It’sclearfromthechartthat...，wecandrawtheconclusionthat...，wecanlearn/know...等。【典例示范】(2022·江苏卷)请认真阅读下面有关我国电影票房收入(box-officeincome)的柱状图及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。SaturdayAfternoon.InaShoppingCenter.LiJiang：Hi，SuHua.Whichmovieshallwesee?SuHua：Whatever.We’regotsomanychoices，KungFuYoga，JourneytotheWest……Eachsoundsgreat!LiJiang：Yeah！Andsomemoviestarsarefantastic.SuHua:Andthehigh-tech！...LiJiang：Perfect！Let’sgetsomefoodfirst.Weonlyhave20minutesleft.SuHua：Nohurry.Thecinemaisonthesamefloor.OneDayin2022.AtHome.Son：Mum，shallwegoandseeafilmtonight?8\nMother：Whybother？Wecanstayathomeandwatchfilmsonline.It’sconvenientwithournewandfastnetwork.Son：Butitfeelsgoodinacinema.Mother：Andtheprice.Wehavetopay50yuanaticket.Son：Only10yuanmorethanlastyear.Mother：Butstillwecannotgetthemoney’sworth.Somefilmsarejustboring...[写作内容]1.用约30个单词概述柱状图信息的主要内容；2.我国电影票房收入变化的原因有哪些，简要谈谈你的看法(上述对话仅供参考，原因不少于两点)；3.谈谈你对我国电影票房收入走向的看法，并简要说明理由。[写作要求]1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3.不必写标题。[评分标准]内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。[参考范文1]Thebox-officeincomeofChinesemovieswitnessedaconstantincreasefromabout17billionyuanin2022toover40billionin2022.However,thatincreasesloweddownin2022.Thereasonsbehindthisarevarious.Thefasteconomicdevelopmentbefore2022wasprobablythemostpowerfulenginedrivingtheconstantgrowthinthebox-officeincome.Theapplicationofnewtechnologiesandthewideappealofmoviestarscouldalsoaccountfortheincrease.However,Chinasawadeclineinitseconomicgrowthratelastyear.AndtheInternetincreasedoptionsformovielovers.Consequently,someviewersbegantoturnawayfromcinemas,leadingtoaslowergrowth.China’seconomyisexpectedtogrowatamediumspeedinthecomingyears,soanincreaseispossibleintheinvestmentinthemovieindustryandthenumberofqualitymovies.Therefore,itsbox-officeincomewillprobablyenjoyaslightincrease.8\n[参考范文2]Asisindicatedinthegraph,thebox-officeincomeofChinesefilmsincreasedconstantlyfrom2022to2022,butitsgrowth,foronereasonoranother,sloweddownin2022.Theincreaseinthebox-officeincomecanbeattributedtoanumberoffactors.Thequalityoflifehasimprovedandwatchingfilmsisregardedasagoodmeansofentertainment.Besides,filmingtechnologyhasadvancedandmorequalityfilmsareonoffer.Moreover,theInternetplaysanimportantpart.OntheInternet,peoplecanseekinformationabouttheirfavoritestarsandbuyticketsatadiscountaswell,whichisbothtime-savingandeconomical.However,thefilmmarketmaywitnessaslowdowninthenearfuture.CinemashavegraduallygivenwaytotheriseoftheInternetandcellphones,andtheticketpriceisontheincrease.Therefore,thefilmindustryshouldmakegreatereffortstoattractmoreviewers.能力提升练1(2022·江苏卷)请阅读下面文字及图表，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。1.Theotherday，anetizen(网民)sharedaphotoonSinaWeibo.Itwasaboutanoldladystandinginfrontofacarthatwasonabicyclelane，andinsistingthatitleavethetrack.Thephotodrewabout7，000commentsonthesocialmediaplatform.Despitethethumbs-up(点赞)giventotheoldlady，somearguedthatattentionshouldbepaidtoourheavyroadtraffic.2.Someridersofe-bikesandbicyclescomeandgoinalldirections，ignoringtrafficlightsandothervehicles.Suchruderidingcontributestothedisorderoftraffic.Thustheavoidableroadaccidentsbecomeunavoidable.3.From2022to2022，thetotalnumberofprivatecarsinChinarosesharplyfrom32millionto154million.Currently，Chinahad15%oftheworld’stotalvehicles.[写作内容]8\n1.用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；2.结合上述信息，简要分析导致交通问题的主要原因；3.根据你的分析，从社会规范(rulesandregulations)和个人行为两方面谈谈你得到的启示(不少于两点)。[写作要求]1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3.不必写标题。[评分标准]内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。[参考范文]Thetrafficissueisahardnuttocrack.Itnotonlyaffectsoureverydaylife，butmayalsothreatenpeople’slives.Thethreeselectionspresentedabovearetypicalexamples.Quiteafewthingsgiverisetothetrafficproblem.Inspiteofthelarge-scaleconstructionofroadsandhighways，thereisstillmuchroomforimprovement，becauseoftheeverincreasingnumberofcarstheseyears.What’sworse，somedrivers，cyclistsandpedestriansdonotthinkitvitaltoobeytrafficrules.Infact，trafficrulesarepartoftherulesandregulationscloselyrelatedtopublicorder.Withoutthem，peoplecouldnotenjoyharmonyorthecountrywouldbeinchaos.Butrulesalonedon’tsecureanorderlysociety.Itisthepeoplewhoobeytherulesthatmatter.Itiseverybody’sdutytoobservethemtokeepoursocietyinorderandgoingontherighttrack.能力提升练2(2022·江苏南通市高三检测)请阅读下面的文字及图表，然后按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。1.Expertssaythatwhenyoulookupafterreadingforalongtime，youwillfindtheobjectsinthedistancevague.Itshowsyouaregettingnearsighted.Othersymptomsincludedry，burningoritchy(发痒的)eyes，headachesandneckorshoulderpain.Somepeoplemayseedoubleandcannotreadforlong.Somewillkeepshutting8\nandopeningtheireyes.Othersrubtheireyesfrequently.2.Nearsightednessisoftendiagnosedinchildrenbetween8and12yearsofageandmayworsenduringtheteenyears.Littlechangemayoccurbetweenages20to40，butsometimesnearsightednessmayworsenwithage.3.Currently，about450millionpeopleinChinasufferfromnearsightedness.Thenumberofnearsightedstudentsfromprimaryschoolstouniversitiesincreasesatarateof20%everyyear.[写作内容]1.用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；2.综合上述信息，简要分析导致青少年近视的主要原因；3.根据你的分析，从学校规范和个人行为两方面谈谈你得到的启示(不少于两点)。[写作要求]1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3.不必写标题。[评分标准]内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。[参考范文]Moreandmoreyoungpeoplearegettingnearsighted,whichcanbedeterminedbysomesymptoms.Theever-increasingrateofnearsightednessinalmosteveryschoolthroughoutChinahasbecomesoalarming.Formanyofyoungpeople,itistheirroutinetobeburiedintheirbooksfrommorningtillnightwhileothersoftenkeeptheireyesfixedonthecomputerorTV.Theireyesareburdenedsoheavilythattheycanhardlyfunctionnormallyintheend.What’sworse，everyyearquitesomestudentscannotgototheiridealcollegesorgettheirdreamjobsowingtotheirpooreyesight.Nowitistimethatschoolstookactiontoprotectstudents’eyesightbygivingthemlectures，ensuringproperlightinginclassrooms,andlimitingtheirtimeof8\nreadingbooksordoingexercises.Asforme,Iwillimmediatelytryeverypossiblemeanstopreventmyeyesightfromgettingweak.能力提升练3(2022·常州高三调研)一项调查显示，某市有85.8%的中学生说自己的字不好看，而他们又不想改善，其理由有很多。请根据下面图表中的内容用英语写一篇短文，说明该现象并发表看法。注意：词数150左右。[参考范文]Nowadays,withthegrowingpopularityofcomputers,moreandmorepeoplearepayinglessandlessattentiontotheirhandwriting.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,85.8percentofthemiddleschoolstudentsinthecitythinkthattheirhandwritingispoor.Yetforvariousreasons,manystudentsdon’twanttoimprovetheirhandwriting.51.5%ofthemthinkthattheycanjustuseacomputer,sothereisnoneedtowastetimeimprovingtheirhandwriting,and32.3percentbelievethattheyaresobusywiththeirstudiesthattheydonothavetimetopractice.10.9percentthinkthatpracticinghandwritingisuseless.Theresthaveotherreasons.Writingstyleoftenshowstheman.Beautifulandneathandwritingisbeneficial,especiallyformiddleschoolstudents.Therefore,inmyopinion,moreemphasisshouldbeplacedonthisaspectinfuture.能力提升练4(2022·江苏海安高级中学质量检测)下面的饼状图显示了某校对学生学业成绩评价的新体制，图表所示的五个方面构成了一个学生的学业成绩。假如你是该校学生，请你以“TheNewGradingSysteminOurSchool”为题用英语写一篇短文，给《二十一世纪英文报》投稿。[写作内容]8\n1.简要描述图中信息；2.谈谈你对这一新举措的看法并说明原因。[写作要求]1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3.不必写标题。[评分标准]内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。[参考范文]TheNewGradingSysteminOurSchoolInordertohelpstudentsdeveloptheirabilitiesinallfields,ourschoolnowhasaskedtheteacherstomakesomechangesinthegradingsystem.Thischartshowshowitworks.Students’testresults,whichusedtobetheonlywaytoevaluateastudentinschool,makeuponly30%ofhisfinalscore.Instead,howastudentperformsinclass,andhowhetakesnotesanddoeshishomeworkarealsotakenintoaccount,eachpartofwhichmakesup20%.Besides,teamworkinclassisalsoimportant.Ifyouwantahigherscore,youshouldbegoodatworkingtogetherwithyourclassmates.I’mallforthenewgradingsystem,whichevaluatesusstudentsinallfields.Bydoingso,westudentscanfullydevelopourabilitiesaswellaspotentialonourwaytoadulthoodandcantrulymakepreparationsforourfuturelife.8