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陕西省高考英语二轮复习 专题升级训练卷十七 史地、自然、科普、新闻类阅读理解、信息匹配(二)

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2013年高考第二轮复习英语陕西版专题升级训练十七 史地、自然、科普、新闻类阅读理解、信息匹配(二)第一节 阅读理解AAstheforcefulkingofMacedonia(马其顿),AlexandertheGreatoverthrewthePersianEmpire,becomingaherothatwouldsurvivecenturiesafterhisdeath.Bornin356B.C.,AlexanderⅢwasthesonofPhilipⅡandOlympias.Alexander'sparentswantedhimtoreceivethefinesteducation,andarrangedforhimtostudyunderAristotle,regardedasoneofthegreatestscholars.Alexander'sfatherwasastrongleader.PhilipⅡbuiltanimpressivearmyandestablishedtheMacedoniankingdom;hewasevenplanningtoattackPersiashortlybeforehisdeath.In336B.C.,PhilipⅡwasmurderedbyoneofhisguards.Althoughitwasobviousthattheguardhadapersonalhatred,therewerecluesthatotherpeoplewererelatedtoit.AfterAlexanderwasclearedasasuspect,hesucceededhisfatherwithoutopposition,andkilledthosesaidtoberesponsibleforhisfather'smurder,aswellasallrivals.Hewasthenjust20yearsold.HethenpreparedtoattackPersia.Inthespringof334B.C.,Alexanderledthearmymadeupofnearly50,000soldiersintoAsia,whichwascalled“themostpowerfulmilitaryexpedition(远征)evertoleaveGreece”.HesoundlydefeatedthePersianarmyattheGranicusRiver,sendingastrongmessagetoDariusⅢ,leaderofthePersianEmpire.In333B.C.,AlexanderfacedDariusagainatIssus,amountainpass.TheMacedonianarmywasgreatlyoutnumberedbutabletoworkthenarrowmountainpassagewaytotheiradvantage.Dariusmanagedtoescape.ContinuingdowntheMediterraneanCoast,Alexandertookeverycityinhispath.In332B.C.,AlexanderdeclaredEgypttobepartoftheGreekEmpireandwascrownedPharaoh(法老).WhenAlexanderleftEgyptin331B.C.,hedefeatedthePersiansagainandwascrownedleaderofAsia.In323B.C.,however,Alexanderdevelopedafeveronthewaybackhomeanddied10dayslateratBabylon.Hewasjust33yearsold.1.WhatcanweknowaboutPhilipⅡ'sdeath?A.Hewaskilledbysomeoneintendingtotakepowerfromhim.B.AlexandersentsomeonewhohatedPhilipⅡtokillhim.C.HisdeathwasrelatedtohisplanoffightingPersia.D.Themurdermightbeorganizedbyagroupofpeople.2.TheMacedonianarmycoulddefeatthePersiansatIssusmainlybecause______.A.Dariusdidn'tcommandhisarmyinthebattlefieldB.theMacedoniansoldiersweremorethanthePersiansoldiersinnumberC.theMacedoniansoldierscouldfightbetteratthemountainpassD.MacedoniawasmorepowerfulthanthePersianEmpire3.InwhichorderdidAlexanderdothefollowingthings?a.TotallyoverthrewthePersianEmpire.b.DefeatedthePersianarmyatIssus.c.WascrownedPharaohofEgypt.d.DefeatedthePersianarmyattheGranicusRiver.e.BecametheleaderofMacedonia.-7-\nA.e,d,b,c,a     B.d,e,a,c,bC.e,b,d,c,aD.d,a,c,e,b4.Accordingtothepassage,wecaninfer______.A.AristotletaughtAlexanderhowtodefeatothernationsB.Alexanderwashappyabouthisfather'sdeathC.PersiaistoughertodefeatthanEgyptD.MacedoniasoondeclinedafterAlexanderdiedBThebrownwidowspiderbecameestablishedinSouthernCaliforniainearly2000andhasbecomepartofthelocalspiderfamilyinurbanLosAngelesandSanDiego.ThebrownwidowspideriscontinuingitsexpansioninSouthernCaliforniaandcouldpossiblymovenorthwardintoCentralCalifornia.ThebrownwidowissuspectedtohaveevolvedinAfricaalthoughitwasfirstdescribedfromSouthAmerica,whichaddsconfusionastowhereitmighthaveoriginated.ItisatropicalandsubtropicalspiderhavingestablishedpopulationsinHawaii,Florida,partsofAustralia,SouthAfricaandJapan.InNorthAmerica,thebrownwidowspiderwasrestrictedformanydecadestotheFloridaPeninsula.However,aroundtheyear2000,itstartedshowingupinotherGulfCoaststates.BrownwidowsarenowknownfromTexastoGeorgiaandSouthCarolina.Thebrownwidowbuildsitswebinprotectedsitesaroundhomesandinwoodyvegetationwithbranches.Sometypicalsitesselectedbybrownwidowsforwebbuildingareemptycontainerssuchasbucketsandnurserypots,mailboxes,entrywaycorners,undereaves,storageclosetsandgarages,undercarriagesofmotorvehiclesthatarestationaryforlongperiods,andtheundersidesofoutdoorfurniture.Theychooseplacesthataremoreexposedthansiteschosenbyblackwidowsandtherefore,appeartobeathigherriskforinteractionswithhumansasfarasbitesareconcerned.Onerecentstudydemonstratesthatthebrownwidowspiderislesspoisonousthanotherwidowspecies.Thereasonfortheweakereffectofbrownwidowbitesonhumansispossiblybecausethebrownwidowdoesnothavemuchpoisonasitslargerrelatives,butitisreallyathreattohumansastoitspoison.Thetwomajorsymptomsofabrownwidowbitearethatthebitehurtswhenitisgivenanditleavesaredmark.Thesetwosymptomsarenotmuchdifferentfromthebiteofnormalhouseholdspiders.Thereisnospecificinformationregardingthecontrolofbrownwidowsbyfarmchemicals.Mostcurrentadviceiswhatisusedforcontrollingspidersingeneral.Therefore,mostcommerciallyavailablefarmchemicalsshouldworkonbrownwidows.Avoidingamessofthehouseandthegarageshouldreducenestsitesforthem.Also,oneshouldstoregarageitemsinplasticbagswheretheremightbeinteractionswithspiders.Theseitemsincluderarelyworngarmentssuchasgardeningclothesandgloves,recreationalitemslikesportsequipment(i.e.,baseballgloves)andotheritemswherespiderscancrawlupintoholeswherefingerscanbeinserted.5.Theauthorwrotethisarticleto______.A.announcetheresultofaresearchonspidersB.introducethewaystogetridofthespidersC.reportanewfindingofthewidowspeciesD.warnreadersagainstthebrownwidow-7-\n6.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethat______.A.brownwidowsarepossiblyspreadingnorthwardB.brownwidowsoriginatedfromAfricaC.brownwidowsnowcanbefoundinallcountriesD.thereusedtobenobrownwidowsinNorthAmerica7.Thethirdparagraphismainlyabout______.A.thebrownwidow'swebbuildingB.thecharacteristicsofthebrownwidowC.thehabitatpreferencesofthebrownwidowD.thebrownwidow'sthreattohumanbeings8.Itcanbeinferredthat______.A.brownwidowscanbekilledwithanyfarmchemicalsB.atpresentpeoplecanonlycontrolbrownwidowspidersC.thebrownwidowhasmorepoisonthantheblackwidowD.victimsbittenbythebrownwidowneedn'tseethedoctorCYou'veheardofthedangersofsecondhandsmoke.Nowhere'sanotherworry:secondhandTV.AgrowingnumberofresearchersarewarningaboutthedangersofwatchingTVwhenveryyoungchildrenarenearby.RecentfindingssuggestthatevencasualexposuretoTVcanharmtheirdevelopmentandruinparentchildinteractions(沟通).ThemostrecentwarningcamelastweekwhentheAmericanAcademyofPediatrics(儿科)forthefirsttimeincludedwarningsabout“secondhandtelevision”initsguidelinesforkidsunderage2.InadditiontothetimeforyoungkidstowatchTV,itwarnedagainstwatchingTVwiththemnearby,sayingthepracticehurttheirlanguagedevelopment.Itpointedtoseveralstudies,includingonethatfoundbackgroundTVreducedthelengthoftimechildrenplayedandcausedtheirfocusonplaytowander.RecentsurveysfindthataboutoneofthreefamiliesleavetheTVonmostofthetime.ThewarningsaidTVkeepsyoungkidsandtheirparentsfrominteracting—akeywaychildrendeveloptheworkingvocabularythey'llneedinschool.“Ifyou'retryingtoconnectwithyourkids,you'vegottoturnthescreensoff,”saysAriBrown,apediatricianandleadauthorontherecommendations.SheworriesthatwhenthefocusisonTV,there'slesstalktime.BrowndiscouragesfamiliesfromkeepingtheTVonwhennooneiswatchingandsuggeststheywaituntilveryyoungkidsareinbedbeforetheywatchtheirfavoriteshow.“Parentsaredistracted(分散注意力)byTVthesamewaypreschoolersare,”saysLisaGuernsey,authorofthe2007bookIntotheMindsofBabies:HowScreenTimeAffectsChildrenFromBirthtoAgeFive.Shesaysyoungchildrenlearnmuchmorefromfacetofaceinteractionthanascreen.“Theyseesomeonewho'sabletodothatasatruelearningpartner,”shesays.“Theydon'thaveanywayofknowingwhetherthatcharacterorfaceonscreenreallyunderstandsthem.”9.WhichofthefollowingisthebadeffectofsecondhandTVwatching?A.Itcausedchildrennottoplayattentively.B.Ithurtchildren'sfeelingstotheirparents.C.ItmadechildrensufferfromtheviolenceonTV.D.Ittaughtchildrensomeimproperlanguage.10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraph?A.ParentsshouldlimittheTVtimeforchildren.B.Parentsshouldspendtimeplayingwithchildren.-7-\nC.ParentsshouldbuyanotherTVfortheirchildren.D.Parentsshouldstrengthentheirchildren'slanguagedevelopment.11.Whatissuggestedinthefourthparagraph?A.WheneverybodyinthefamilyfocusesonTV,thereismoretalktime.B.Interactingplaysanimportantpartindevelopingkids'vocabulary.C.ThecharactersonTVscreencanreallyunderstandyoungchildren.D.Adultslearnmuchmorefromfacetofaceinteractionthanascreen.DBycreatingadistinctiveusernameandreusingitonmultiplewebsites,youmaybegivingonlinemarketersandscammersasimplewaytotrackyou.FourresearchersfromtheFrenchNationalInstituteforResearchinComputerScience(INRIA)studiedover10millionusernames—collectedfrompublicGoogleprofiles,eBayaccountsandseveralothersources.Theyfoundthatabouthalfoftheusernamesusedononesitecouldbelinkedtoanotheronlineprofile,potentiallyallowingmarketersandscammerstobuildamorecomplexpictureoftheusers.“Theseresultsshowthatsomeuserscanbeprofiledjustfromtheirusernames,”saysClaudeCastelluccia,researchdirectorofthesecurityandprivacyresearchgroupatINRIA,andoneoftheauthorsofapaperonthework.“Morespecifically,aprofilercoulduseusernamestoidentifyalltheprofilesthatbelongtothesameuserandthenusealltheinformationcontainedinthesesitestoprofilethevictim.”Thosewhohavemoreuniqueusernamesaremorelikelytobeattacked.TheINRIAresearchershavecreatedatoolthatcancheckhowuniqueausernameis,andthushoweasilyanattackercoulduseittobuildaprofileofaperson.Researchesareexploringwaysthatthetracesofdatathatpeopleleaveondifferentwebsitescouldbecombinedandusedtotrackthem.A2010papershowedthattheonlinegroupstowhichpeoplebelongedcouldbeusedtoinfertheirrealidentityin42percentofcases.Buildingprofilesofconsumersusingonlineinformationhasalreadybecomeamajorindustryformarketersaswellasonlinecriminals.12.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.LookoutforonlinecriminalsB.YourusernamemaybetrayyouC.Don'tleaveyourtracesonlineD.Auniqueusernameismoreattractive13.Onlinemarketersmayuseyourusernameto______.A.getapictureofyoursB.stealfromyouronlineaccountC.getusefulinformationaboutyouD.findoutyourinterestorhobbies14.Themainpurposeofthepassageisprobablyto______.A.warnusofthepossibledangersofauniqueusernameB.tellushowtomanageouronlineinformationC.adviseusonhowtochooseaproperusernameD.tellustheimportanceofausername15.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.A.it'shardtobuildaprofileofapersonfromanonlineusernameB.it'sbettertouseamorecomplexusernameonlineC.anonlineusernamehaslittletodowiththerealpersonD.we'dbetternotusethesameusernameondifferentsites第二节 信息匹配-7-\nA.TrustisvitalinrelationshipsB.ShowgreatrespectforothersC.SharefeelingstounderstandeachotherbetterD.TrytoalwayshavenewrelationshipE.GoodteenrelationshipshelptosolveproblemsF.Communicatetoavoidfutureproblems16.Intheeventthatyouarecurrentlyinateenrelationship,harmoniousteenrelationshipscanpreventyoufromexperiencingproblemswithinourrelationship,anditmayalsohelpyoutomovepastanyproblemsthatyoumayalreadyhave.Checkoutthecompletearticletolearnwhatteenrelationshipsmaydoforyou.17.Duringthetimethatyouareinyourteens,itcanbeatremendouslyexcitingandpassionatetimeforindividuals,andatanytimethatyouareinarelationshipduringyourteens,itisveryimportantthatyoushowthemaximumlevelofrespect,bothforyourpartnerandyourself.Theinteractionsandactionswithinrelationshipsatthisparticularagemayleavelastingimpressionsonallofyourrelationshipformanyyearstocome,sowhydon'tyoumakeallofthemgoodimpressions?18.Withintheseearlyrelationships,whenmistrustispresent,itmayeasilyleadtoreallysevereissueswithtrustinrelationshipsonceyougetalittleolder.Itisveryimportantforyoutoprovetoyoursignificantones(重要的人)thatyouaretrustworthyofthem.19.Whetheryoulikeitornot,therearesometeenagersthatsimplydon'ttaketheirrelationshipsseriously.Intheend,thismayleadtoseveralproblems,ofwhichcheatingisthemostcommonproblem.Whenyouhavesomeonecheatonyou,itisamongthemostpainfulthingsthatmayhappenwithinyourlife,anditisparticularlyhardtogetoveritifithappensatayoungage.Inordertopreventthis,whenyouarewithsomeone,youshouldtakeamomenttotalkabouteachother'sexpectations.20.Eachoftherelationshipsthatyougothroughduringyourteensmaybeamongthemostintensethatyouwilleverencounterwithinyourwholelife.Itmayalsofeellikewhensomethinghappensitisgoingtofeelliketheworldiscomingtoanend,butitreallyisn'tgoingtobe.Chancesarethatyouaregoingtomoveonfromthesituationsthathappenandmeetmanynewindividualsandhavesomenewrelationships,andtheyaregoingtobejustasexcitingandnewastherelationshipthatyouhavebeenexperiencingcurrently.-7-\n参考答案第一节 阅读理解A1.答案:D解析:推理判断题。根据第四段第二句中的内容可推断这次谋杀可能是一群人策划好的行动。2.答案:C解析:细节理解题。根据倒数第四段第二句中的内容可知他们能取胜的主要原因是更善于在狭窄的山路上作战。3.答案:A解析:细节理解题。本文是按照时间的先后顺序进行叙述的,第五段第一句提到了e项,第六段第二句提到了d项,第七段提到了b项,第八段提到了c项,第九段提到了a项,故正确答案为A项。4.答案:C解析:推理判断题。根据文章中叙述的推翻波斯帝国和埃及的过程,可推测击败波斯比击败埃及困难。B5.答案:D解析:作者意图题。文章从这种蜘蛛的渊源谈起,预测了它的蔓延范围,进而介绍了它的生活习性、危害以及控制方法,所以作者意在警告读者当心这种蜘蛛。6.答案:A解析:细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话可知它们可能会朝北方蔓延。7.答案:C解析:主旨大意题。本段指出了这种蜘蛛经常选择的织网的地方,即主要介绍这种蜘蛛的栖息偏好。8.答案:B解析:推理判断题。最后一段提到还没有掌握控制这种蜘蛛应当使用的化学药品的具体信息,目前的建议是采用控制蜘蛛的一般方法,并提供了一些预防措施,由此可推断目前人们只能控制它们。C9.答案:A解析:推理判断题。从第三段“...hurttheirlanguagedevelopment...causedtheirfocusonplaytowander”和第四段的“...TVkeepsyoungkidsandtheirparentsfrominteracting...”可以推出。10.答案:A解析:推理判断题。从第三段的“InadditiontothetimeforyoungkidstowatchTV...theirlanguagedevelopment”可知。11.答案:B解析:推理判断题。从第四段的“...TVkeepsyoungkidsandtheirparentsfrominteracting—akeywaychildrendeveloptheworkingvocabularythey'llneedinschool.‘Ifyou'retryingtoconnectwithyourkids,you'vegottoturnthescreensoff’...”可知。D12.答案:B解析:主旨大意题。本文是一篇研究报道,第一段第一句是本文的中心句,根据本句的内容可知B项“你的用户名可能会背叛你”最贴近文章内容。13.答案:C解析:推理判断题。第一段最后一句提到市场营销人员可以根据搜集的信息对用户进行更为复杂的轮廓勾勒,再结合常识可推测网络市场营销人员可能会利用用户名来获取用户的有用信息。14.答案:A-7-\n解析:写作意图题。结合文章第一段的第一句和第三段提到的独特用户名存在的潜在危险以及最后一段中的内容可知本文旨在警告我们独特的用户名带来的危险。15.答案:D解析:推理判断题。倒数第二段第一句提到用户访问不同网站后的使用痕迹能够被联系起来并进行跟踪,由此可推断最好不要使用相同的用户名访问不同的网站。第二节 信息匹配答案与解析:16.答案:E解析:根据本段“harmoniousteenrelationshipscanpreventyoufromexperiencingproblemswithinourrelationship,anditmayalsohelpyoutomovepastanyproblems...”可知E项正确。17.答案:B解析:根据本段“...itisveryimportantthatyoushowthemaximumlevelofrespect,bothforyourpartnerandyourself.”对自己的伙伴和自己表现出最大的尊敬是非常重要的。18.答案:A解析:根据“Itisveryimportantforyoutoprovetoyoursignificantones(重要的人)thatyouaretrustworthyofthem.”可知A项正确。19.答案:F解析:根据本段最后一句“Inordertopreventthis,whenyouarewithsomeone,youshouldtakeamomenttotalkabouteachother'sexpectations.”可知F项正确。20.答案:D解析:根据本段“Chancesarethatyouaregoingtomoveonfromthesituationsthathappenandmeetmanynewindividualsandhavesomenewrelationships,andtheyaregoingtobejustasexcitingandnew...”可知D项正确。-7-

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发布时间:2022-08-25 21:42:28 页数:7
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