（湖北专用）2022届高考英语二轮复习 专题限时检测（十五）阅读理解之科普类

专题限时检测(十五)　阅读理解之科普类(共3篇，限时24分钟)A(2022·合肥第三次教学质量检测)ScientistsinUKhavegrownalivinghuman“brain”.TheteamatAstonUniversitycreatedtinybunchofcellswhichactlikeamininervoussystem.TheybelieveitcouldhelpfindacureforworsementalconditionslikeParkinson’sdisease.ProfessorMichaelColemanisleadingtheresearchprogram.Heexplained，“Weareaimingtobeabletostudythehumanbrainatthemostbasiclevel,usinganactuallivinghumancellsystem.Cellshavetobealiveandoperatingefficientlytoenableustoreallyunderstandhowthebrainworks.”Theexperimentinvolveschangingcellsfromacancertumour(肿瘤)andmakingthembehavelikebraincells.Althoughfarfromfinished,researchershopethefalsebraincellswillgivethemagreaterunderstandingofhowrealbrainswork.This,inturn,couldsignificantlyfurtherresearchintoconditionswhichaffectthebrain.NeilHunt,chiefleaderoftheresearchgroup,said，“Itisstillveryearlydays,butinthefuturetheresearchcouldleadtoausefultoolforlookingintodementia(痴呆)．”ThetechniquecouldalsoprovideawaytocarryonanimaltestandisbeingsupportedbytheHumaneResearchTrust(HRT).Thescientistspredictthatoverthenexttenyearsamillionpeoplewilldevelopdementia.ProfessorColemanbelievestheirfindingscouldchangethis.Hesaid，“Wehopeourresearchwillprovidescientistswithanewandhighlyrelationalhumanexperimentalmodeltohelpthemunderstandthebrainbetteranddevelopnewdrugstocontroltherelateddisease.However,thebiggestchallengeatpresentisthatwearegreatlyshortoffund,whichwillslowourresearch.”1．UKscientistsgrowalivinghuman“brain”inorderto________.A．studythestructureofhumanbrainB．makeuseoflivinghumancellsystemC．discoverhowhumanbrainreallyworksD．separatecellsfromacancertumour2．AccordingtoNeilHunt,researchintobraincells________.A．willgetfinishedasearlyaspossibleB．willmakepeoplediscoverdementiaC．willaffectthebraingrowthinmanywaysD．willhelptotreatsomediseasesinnervesystem3．Fromthelastparagraph,wecanknowthat______.A．thetechniqueprovidedbyHRTisimmatureB．animaltestsarenolongerallowedbylawC．amillionpeoplesufferfrombraindiseasesD．theresearchprogramlacksfinancialsupport4．Thetextisintendedto________.A．tellusaboutabreakthroughinmedicalresearchB．introducearesearchprograminhuman’sbrainC．introducetheprogressofdrugsfordementiaD．tellusabouthealthprobleminnervesystem5\nB(2022·天门高三质检)HightechglassesdevelopedatWashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicineinSt.Louismayhelpsurgeonsvisualizecancercells,whichglowbluewhenviewedthroughtheeyewear.Cancercellsarenotoriouslydifficulttosee,evenunderhighpoweredmagnification.Theglassesaredesignedtomakeiteasierforsurgeonstodistinguishcancercellsfromhealthycells,helpingtoensurethatnotumorcellsareleftbehindduringsurgery.“We’reintheearlystagesofthistechnology,andmoredevelopmentandtestingwillbedone,butwe’recertainlyencouragedbythepotentialbenefitstopatients，”saidbreastsurgeonJulieMargenthaler,MD,anassociateprofessorofsurgeryatWashingtonUniversity.“Imaginewhatitwouldmeaniftheseglassesgotridoftheneedforfollowupsurgeryandtheassociatedpain,inconvenienceandanxiety.”Currentstandardofcarerequiressurgeonstoremovethetumorandsomeneighboringtissuethatmayormaynotincludecancercells.Thesamplesaresenttoapathology(病理)labandviewedunderamicroscope.Ifcancercellsarefoundinneighboringtissue,asecondsurgeryisoftenrecommendedtoremoveadditionaltissuethatisalsocheckedforthepresenceofcancer.Theglassescouldreducetheneedforadditionalsurgicalproceduresandfollowingstressonpatients,aswellastimeandexpense.Margenthalersaidabout20to25percentofbreastcancerpatientswhohavelumpsremovedrequireasecondsurgerybecausecurrenttechnologydoesn’tadequatelyshowtheextentofthediseaseduringthefirstoperation.“Ourhopeisthatthisnewtechnologywillreduceorideallyeliminatetheneedforasecondsurgery，”shesaid.InastudypublishedintheJournalofBiomedicalOptics,researchersnotedthattumorsassmallas1mmindiameter(thethicknessofabout10sheetsofpaper)couldbedetected.RyanFields,MD,aWashingtonUniversityassistantprofessorofsurgeryandsurgeonofAlvinJ.SitemanCancerCenter,planstoweartheglasseslaterthismonthwhenheoperatestoremoveamelanomafromapatient.Hesaidhewelcomesthenewtechnology,whichtheoreticallycouldbeusedtovisualizeanytypeorcancer.“Alimitationofsurgeryisthatit’snotalwayscleartothenakedeyethedistinctionbetweennormaltissueandcanceroustissue，”Fieldssaid.“WiththeglassesdevelopedbySamuelAchilefu,PhD,professorofWashingtonUniversity,wecanbetteridentifythetissuethatmustberemoved.”5．Theultimategoalofdevelopingthenewtechnologyis________.A．todistinguishcancercellsfromhealthyonesB．toinspirehopeforlifeincancerpatientsC．tomakesurenocancercellisleftbehindD．toreducetheriskofcancersurgery6．Theunderlinedword“eliminate”inParagraph5isclosestinmeaningto________.A．meetB．removeC．feelD．resist7．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．TheglassesaredevelopedbyRyanFieldsandSamuelAchilefu.B．Theglassesglowbluewhenfindingtissuesincludingcancercells.C．Tumorsassmallas1cmindiametercouldbedetectedbytheglasses.D．Muchremainstobedonebeforethetechnologycanbewidelyused.5\n8．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Specialglasseshelpsurgeons“see”cancerB．AnewtechnologyhasbeenusedinsurgeryC．PatientswillbenefitfromanewtechnologyD．CancerisnolongerathreattopeopleC(2022·南京师大附中高三模拟)Consumerelectronicsonceagaintoppedthelistofthemostwantedgiftsthisholidayseason.“Seventysixpercentofconsumerswhoplantobuyholidaygiftssaythattheywillspendmoneybuyingatleastonetechnologyproduct;definitelyasolidvoteofconfidencefortechnology.”SteveKoenigiswiththeConsumerElectronicsAssociation.Hesaysthegroup’slatestresearchalsoshowsthatAmericansthisyeararespendingmoreontechnologyproducts.“Herein2022，$252onaverage—thetechnologyspendforconsumersthisyear.”Fromtabletcomputerstosmartphones,Americanshoppershavebeenlininguptogetthenewestandcoolestelectronicdevicesonthemarket.Therearemorechoicestodaythaneverbefore.“It’skindofhardtomakeadecision.”Tabletcomputersareoneofthebestsellingproductsthisyear.BrianTongisSeniorEditorofCNET.com.Thewebsitereportsontechnewsandexaminesthelatestelectronicproducts.HesaystheAppleiPadMiniisoneofthemostpopulartablets.Itsstartingpriceis$329.OneofApple’sbiggestcompetitorsistheGoogleNexus7.Itstartsat$199.“Thehardwareinsideismorepowerfulthanwhat’sintheiPadMini,butalsoitoffersyoualotofthingslikemapsthatworkbetterthanApple’smaps.”BrianTongsaysthereisonereasonwhypeoplemayliketheiPadMinimorethantheNexus7.“IfyoujustwanttoreadbooksandsurftheInternet,youdon’treallyneedtogetaniPadMini,butifyouwantthelargestgroupofappsthat’swheretheiPadandApple’secosystemshinesthemost.”ElmanChaconiswiththeelectronicsstoreBestBuy.Hesaysanotherhotproductthisseasonissmartcameras.TheyconnecttotheInternetthroughWiFi.Thismakesiteasyforuserstoemailoruploadphotographsdirectlyfromthecamera.“Youcanliterallytakeapicture,uploaditintoyourFacebookinamatterofseconds.Thesethingsareprettycoolbecausetheydoalotofthings.”StreamingmediaboxesalsoconnecttotheInternet.PeopleareabletowatchwebcontentsuchasmoviesandYouTubevideosontheirtelevisions.Anotherpopularitemiswirelessspeakersystems.ThenewestonesworkwithanydevicethathasBluetoothtechnology,includingsmartphones,laptopsandtablets.WiththegrowingpopularityofInternetshopping，manyconsumerswillvisitastorefirsttolookataproduct，andthengoonlinetofinditatalowerprice.StoreslikeBestBuyunderstandthatandtheywanttostaycompetitive.“Wehavesomethingcalledtheperfectmatchpromisewhichmeansifyoubuyacertaindeviceandyoufinditcheaperwithin30dayswe’llgoaheadandpricematchthatforyou.”ElmanChaconsaid.9．AccordingtoBrainTong，________.A．theApple’siPadMiniismoresuitableforenthusiasticreadersB．thehardwareiniPadMiniismoreadvancedthanthatinNexus7C．Nexus7hasfewerappsthaniPadMini5\nD．iPadMiniismoreecofriendly10．Ifyou’vediscoveredthatacertaindeviceyouboughtatBestBuyismoreexpensivethanoneatanotherstore，________.A．youaresuretogetdoubletheamountyoupaidB．youcanreturnthedeviceandgetyourmoneybackC．thestorewillreturnthepricedifferencesD．thestorewilllowerthepricewithin30days11．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebestgiftforacabdriver?A．Smartcameras.B．Streamingmediaboxes.C．Wirelessspeakersystems.D．Tabletcomputers.答案语篇解读：本文是一篇科普类说明文。主要介绍了英国科学家们正在进行培养脑细胞的实验，希望通过这样的实验能更好地理解人类大脑结构，从而帮助人们治疗一些脑部疾病。1．选C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Weare...thebrainworks.”可知，他们希望通过这样的研究试验来理解人脑是如何工作的。故选C。2．选D　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“Itisstill...dementia(痴呆)．”可知，现在研究尚处于初期，但将来可能会成为研究痴呆疾病的有效手段。故选D。3．选D　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“However,thebiggest...ourresearch.”可知，现在研究最大的问题是缺少资金。故选D。4．选B　写作意图题。本文属于科普类说明文，主要介绍了英国科学家们正在进行培养脑细胞的实验，希望通过这样的实验能更好地理解人类大脑结构，从而帮助人们治疗一些脑部疾病。故选B。语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。美国的学者发明了一种可视眼镜，能够清楚地“看见”癌细胞，而且这种眼镜有助于确保手术时不留下任何癌细胞，避免患者再次做手术。5．选C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“helpingtoensurethatnotumorcellsareleftbehindduringsurgery”可知，这种眼镜有助于确保手术时不留下癌细胞，这就是发展这种新技术的最终目标。故选C。6．选B　词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句中的“Margenthalersaid...havelumpsremovedrequireasecondsurgery”可知，20%至25%的乳腺癌患者接受首次手术切除肿瘤后，还需再次手术，由此结合选项可推知，此处指希望这项新技术能够减少甚至完全消除再次手术的必要性，因此画线词的词义与remove最为接近。故选B。7．选D　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句中的“We’reintheearlystagesofthistechnology，andmoredevelopmentandtestingwillbedone”可知，这一技术尚未得到广泛利用，因此它处于研究初期，需要进行更多的改进和测试工作，因此D项符合题意。故选D。8．选A　标题概括题。根据第一段第一句中的“HightechglassesdevelopedatWashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicineinSt.Louismayhelpsurgeonsvisualizecancercells”并结合下文内容可知，文章介绍的是一种特别的眼镜，它可以帮助外科医生“看见”癌细胞，因此“Specialglasseshelpsurgeons’see’cancer”最适合作为最佳标题。故选A。5\n语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几种电子产品以供人们送礼物时选择，包括苹果手机、无线扬声器、平板电脑、智能相机和多媒体音箱等。9．选C　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，BrainTong认为Nexus7的应用程序没有iPadMini多。故C项正确。10．选C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“...ifyoubuyacertaindeviceandyoufinditcheaperwithin30dayswe’llgoaheadandpricematchthatforyou.”可知，如果你在三十天内在BestBuy上所购的商品价格过高，则BestBuy可以退还差价。故C项正确。11．选C　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段第三句“Anotherpopularitemiswirelessspeakersystems.”并结合出租车司机的工作特点可知，无线扬声器最适合作为出租车司机的礼物。故C项正确。5