陕西省高考英语二轮复习 专题升级训练卷十九 信息匹配（二）

2013年高考第二轮复习英语陕西版专题升级训练十九　信息匹配（二）（一）A．ForecastingResearchB．WellknownWeatherForecastersC．SevereWeatherEventsD．WeatherForecastingE．TheForecastingProcessF．HistoricalBackground1．Thetaskofpredictingtheweatherthatwillbeobservedatafuturetimeiscalledweatherforecasting.Asoneoftheprimaryobjectivesofthescienceofmeteorology，weatherforecastinghasdependedcriticallyonthescientificandtechnologicaladvancesinmeteorologythathavetakenplacesincethelatterhalfofthe19thcentury.2．Throughoutmostofhistory，forecastingeffortsatanygivensitedependedsolelyonobservationsthatcouldbemadeatthesite.Withthedevelopmentofthetelegraphinthemid1800s，weatherforecasterswereabletoobtainobservationsfrommanydistantlocationswithinafewhoursofthecollectionofsuchdata.Weatherforecastingwasrevolutionizedinthe1920sbytheworkofagroupofNorwegianscientists.Thisgroupprovidedaconsistentandempiricallybaseddescriptionofatmosphericcirculationsystems.CurrentweatherforecastingtechniqueswereinitiatedbythetheoreticalworkofAmericanmeteorologistJuleCharneyindevelopingnumericalweatherprediction.Experimentalnumericalforecastsin1950provedsofruitfulthattheyweresoonadoptedonapracticalbasis.Sincethen，computerizedsystemsbasedonnumericalmodelshavebecomeacentralpartofweatherforecasting.3．Theprocessofmakingaweatherforecastcanbeseparatedintothreesteps:observationandanalysis，extrapolation（推论）tofindthefuturestateoftheatmosphere，andpredictionofparticularvariables.Thestandardextrapolationtechniqueistoassumethatweatherfeatureswillcontinuetomoveastheyhavebeenmoving.Insomecasesthethirdstepsimplyconsistsofnotingtheresultsofextrapolation，butactualpredictionusuallyinvolvesconsiderableeffortsbeyondthis.4．Greatattentionispaidtoweatherforecastsduringtimesofsevereevents（blizzard，hurricaneandtyphoon，tornado），andsoforth.Accordingly，theNationalWeatherService（NWS）commitssignificantresourcestotheforecastofsuchevents.Blizzardsorstrongextratropicalcyclesarehandledthroughtheusualforecastinformationchannels，withthelocalNWSofficeissuingspecialadvisoriesasappropriate.5．Anumberofnewobservingsystemsarebeingdevelopedforforecastingpurposes.TheseincludetheNextGenerationRadardigitalweatherradar，whichisintendedtodetectmotionstowardsorawayfromtheradarinstallation.Inaddition，automatedsystemsarebeingdevelopedfortakingobservationsatsurfacestationsandonboardbuoys（浮标），ships，andaircraft.Thecommunications，processing，anddisplaysystemsintendedtogovernthistorrentoffurtherdataarestillbeing-6-\nelaborated（详述）．（二）A．PeoplefromThailandarequietandshybynature.B．Differentvaluesareagainsteachother.C．Culturedifferencescancauseseriousproblems.D．Talkandsilencecanbeculturallydifferent.E．Relationshipbuildingisimportantindifferentcultures.F．Understandingpeoplefromdifferentcultureisnoteasy.1．Meetingpeoplefromanotherculturecanbedifficult.Fromthebeginning，peoplemaysendthewrongsignal.Theymaypaynoattentiontosignalsfromanotherpersonwhoistryingtodeveloparelationship.2．Differentculturesemphasizetheimportanceofrelationshipbuildingtoagreaterorlesserdegree.Forexample，businessinsomecountriesisnotpossibleuntilthereisarelationshipoftrust.Evenwithpeopleatwork，itisnecessarytospendalotoftimein“smalltalk”，usuallyoveraglassoftea，beforetheydoanyjob.InmanyEuropeancountries—liketheUKorFrance—peoplefinditeasiertobuildupalastingworkingrelationshipatrestaurantsorcafesratherthanattheoffice.3．Talkandsilencemayalsobedifferentinsomecultures.IoncemadeaspeechinThailand.Ihadexpectedmyspeechtobeasuccessandstartedalivelydiscussion;insteadtherewasanuncomfortablesilence.Thepeoplepresentjuststaredatmeandsmiled.Aftergettingtoknowtheirwaysbetter，IrealizedthattheythoughtIwastalkingtoomuch.Inmyownculture，weexpressmeaningmainlythroughwords，butpeopletheresometimesfeeltoomanywordsareunnecessary.4．EvenwithinNorthernEurope，culturaldifferencescancauseseriousproblems.Certainly，EnglishandGermanculturessharesimilarvalues;however，Germansprefertogetdowntobusinessmorequickly.Wethinkthattheyarerude.Infact，thisisjustbecauseoneculturestartsdiscussionsandmakesdecisionsmorequickly.5．Peoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworldhavedifferentvalues，andsometimesthesevaluesarequiteagainsteachother.However，ifwecanunderstandthembetter，amulticultural（多元文化的）environmentwillofferawonderfulchanceforustolearnfromeachother.（三）-6-\nA．NecessityfordevelopingadulteducationB．EarlydaysofadulteducationC．WaysofreceivingadulteducationD．PopularityofadulteducationE．InstitutionsofadulteducationF．Functionsofadulteducation1．Voluntarylearninginorganizedcoursesbymaturemenandwomeniscalledadulteducation.Sucheducationisofferedtomakepeopleabletoenlargeandinterprettheirexperienceasadults.Adultsmaywanttostudysomethingwhichtheymissedinearlierschooling，getnewskillsorjobtraining，findoutaboutnewtechnologicaldevelopments，seekbetterselfunderstanding，ordevelopnewtalentsandskills.2．Thiskindofeducationmaybeintheformofselfstudywithproperguidancethroughtheuseoflibraries，correspondencecourses，orbroadcasting.Itmayalsobeacquiredcollectivelyinschoolsandcolleges，studygroups，workshops，clubs，andprofessionalassociations.3．Modernadulteducationforlargenumbersofpeoplestartedinthe18thand19thcenturieswiththeriseoftheIndustrialRevolution.Greateconomicandsocialchangesweretakingplace:peopleweremovingfromruralareastocities;newtypesofworkwerebeingcreatedinanexpandingfactorysystem.Theseandotherfactorsproducedaneedforfurthereducationandreeducationofadults.4．TheearliestprogramsoforganizedadulteducationaroseinGreatBritaininthe1790s，withthefoundingofanadultschoolinNottinghamandamechanics'instituteinGlasgow.TheearliestadulteducationinstitutionintheUnitedStateswasfoundedbyBenjaminFranklinandsomefriendsinPhiladelphiain1727.5．Peoplerecognizethatcontinuedlearningisnecessaryformostformsofemploymenttoday.Forexample，partsoftheadultpopulationinmanycountriesfinditnecessarytotakepartinretrainingprogramsatworkoreventolearncompletelynewjobs.Adulteducationprogramsarespringingupconstantlytomeettheseandotherneeds.（四）A．Notonlygivesusadvicebutisfree.B．Wemaycontroloverwhatweeat.C．Anewwebsitegivesusnutritionalanalysis.D．Eatingproperlydoesgoodtoourhealth.E．Wehavetochooseanewandhealthywebsite.F．Therecommendationsarebasedondailyfood.1．Whilewemaynothaveanycontroloverourbodyshapesandinheritedgenes（遗传），weareluckyenoughtohavecontroloverwhatwechoosetoeat.Anditisthischoicethatcanmakeanunbelievabledifferencetoourhealthandwellbeing（＝happiness）-6-\n2．Justbyeatingproperly，youandyourfamilycanmakeimpressiveimprovementtoyourhealth，weightandenergylevels.Whatyouchoosetoeatcanalsoreducetheriskofmanydiseasesthatmaycauseearlydeathordisability，suchasheartdisease，canceranddiabetes（糖尿病）．3．Visitwww.formulaforlife.com,_anewwebsitedesignedtohelpyouworkoutexactlywhereyourfoodchoicesaretakingyou.Forinstance，somefoodandvegetablesarefastbecomingknownasoneofthemostpopulardefensesagainstcancer.Butareyouconsumingenoughofthemandfromthebestsources？Ormaybeyouareconstantlyfeelingverytired.Ifso，thereisachanceyourdietisimbalanced.ThisiswheretheFormula（＝asetofprinciples）forlifeanalysiswillhelpyoutoworkouthowmuchyouaremissingouton.4．ThegreatthingaboutyouranalyzingyourdietonlineatFormulaforLifeisthatitisfreetoeveryoneanditgivesyouachancetolookatyourdietrealistically.Ifyoudoneedtomakesomeadjustments，itcanalsoshowhowtogetbackontrackforahealthylife.5．Therecommendationsarerealistic.FormulaforLifewillonlyadviseyoutochangeyourdietwitheverydayfood.Justthink—nosupplements（补品），nospecialproducts—justeverydayfoodavailablefromyourlocalfruitandvegetablestore，butcherandsupermarket.Soforgetspeculating（猜测）abouthowhealthilyyouareeating—getthefactsanddosomethingaboutitwithFormulaforLife.-6-\n参考答案（一）答案与解析：1．答案：D解析：本段主要是关于WeatherForecasting的简单介绍。故D项正确。2．答案：F解析：根据本段的几个时间“inthemid1800s，inthe1920s，in1950”及相关介绍，可知本段是在介绍WeatherForecasting的发展历史背景。3．答案：E解析：根据本段第一句“Theprocessofmakingaweatherforecastcanbeseparatedintothreesteps：...”天气预报的过程可以分为以下三个步骤。可知本段主要介绍预报的过程是如何的。4．答案：C解析：本段主要介绍恶劣的天气现象“...severeevents（blizzard，hurricaneandtyphoon，tornado），andsoforth”。5．答案：A解析：根据本段第一句“Anumberofnewobservingsystemsarebeingdevelopedforforecastingpurposes.”一些新的观测系统正在开发以用于天气预测的目的。可知本段主要讲述关于预报的科研问题。故选A项。（二）答案与解析：1．答案：F解析：根据本段第一句“Meetingpeoplefromanotherculturecanbedifficult.”结识不同文化的人不是那么容易的。2．答案：E解析：根据本段第一句“Differentculturesemphasizetheimportanceofrelationshipbuildingtoagreaterorlesserdegree.”不同的文化在强调建立关系重要性的程度是不同的。故选E项。3．答案：D解析：从本段第一句可以得出答案“Talkandsilencemayalsobedifferentinsomecultures.”说话和沉默不语在不同文化中意义不同。4．答案：C解析：本段第一句“EvenwithinNorthernEurope，culturaldifferencescancauseseriousproblems.”甚至在北欧，文化差异会导致严重的问题。故选C项。5．答案：B解析：本段主要讲不同价值观相互排斥。（三）答案与解析：1．答案：F解析：本段主要讲adulteducation的作用和意义。故选F项。2．答案：C解析：本段主要讲adulteducation获得的途径。文中重要词汇如“...throughtheuseof...，alsobeacquired...”，可以看出选C项。3．答案：A解析：本段讲述adulteducation发展的历史社会背景。本段最后一句“Theseandotherfactorsproducedaneedforfurthereducationandreeducationofadults.”这诸多的因素使深造和继续教育显得很有必要。4．答案：B解析：本段主要介绍了早期的adulteducation的途径。5．答案：D-6-\n解析：本段讲目前的adulteducation。最后一句“Adulteducationprogramsarespringingupconstantlytomeettheseandotherneeds.”成人教育课程如雨后春笋般不断涌现以满足各种需求。可以得出adulteducation已经很受人们欢迎。（四）答案与解析：1．答案：B解析：本段第一句“...weareluckyenoughtohavecontroloverwhatwechoosetoeat.”我们很幸运可以控制我们选择所吃的东西。2．答案：D解析：本段讲合理饮食给人带来的好处。故选D项。3．答案：C解析：根据本段第一句“Visitwww.formulaforlife.com,_anewwebsitedesignedtohelp...”可知选C项。4．答案：A解析：根据首句“...thatitisfreetoeveryoneanditgivesyouachancetolookatyourdietrealistically”它是免费的，并且给每个人一个机会来真实地看看自己的饮食。5．答案：F解析：根据句首的recommendations可知本段大意选F。-6-