高考英语 Unit 4　Astronomy the science of the stars要点梳理+重点突破 新人教版必修3

必修3　Unit4　Astronomy:thescienceofthestars要点梳理高效梳理·知识备考●重点单词1．astronomyn．天文学→astronomern．天文学家2．systemn．系统；体系；制度3．theoryn．学说；理论→theoreticaladj.理论上的4．globen．球体；地球仪；地球→globaladj.全球性的；全世界的5．violentadj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violencen．暴力→violentlyadv.猛烈地6．atmospheren．大气层；气氛7．unlikeprep.不同；不像→dislikevt.不喜欢8．presencen．出席；到场；存在→presentadj.&n.&v．在场的；目前，现在；出席；颁发，授予9．harmfuladj.有害的；伤害的→harmn．危害，害处→harmlessadj.无害的10．existvi.存在，生存→existencen．存在，生存11．puzzlen．谜；难题vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难→puzzledadj.迷惑的→puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的12．gravityn．万有引力；重力13．satelliten．卫星；人造卫星14．climaten．气候15．spaceshipn．宇宙飞船16．pulln.&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力17．floatvi.&vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮n．漂浮物18．massn．质量；团；块；大量；(复)群众26\n●重点短语1．intime　　　　　　　及时；终于2．layeggs下蛋3．givebirthto产生；分娩4．inone’sturn轮到某人；接着5．prevent...from阻止；制止6．blockout挡住(光线)7．cheerup感到高兴；感到振奋8．nowthat既然9．breakout突发；爆发10．watchout密切注视；当心；提防11．cooldown冷却12．aswellas也；还有……13．dependon依靠；依赖，取决于14．getcloseto靠近●重点句型1．Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.这就形成一个连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。2．ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。3．...walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.……既然重力改变了，行走的确需要一些练习。●高考范文(2009·陕西卷)假定你是李华。在一个英文网络论坛上，你看到一个名叫Grown－up的中学生发帖(post)寻求帮助，请根据帖子内容、写作要点和要求回贴。26\nGrown－upPostat18－5－200920：08 Hi,everyone，I'm17yearsoldandIamgoingtouniversitythisautumn.Butmymothercontinuestotreatmeasaseven－year－old.WhatshouldIdo?TOPLastTopic　NextTopic＋REPLY　＋NEW写作要点：1．告诉Grown－up要理解母亲；2．给Grown－up提出解决问题的具体建议。要求：1.短文需写在答题卡的指定区域。2.短文词数不少于80(不含已写好的部分)。3.内容充实，结构完整，语意连贯。4.书写须清晰、工整。Hi,Grown－up，26\nAsastudentofyourage,Iunderstandyoursituation.________________________________________________________________________________________________________[范文]Hi，Grown－up，Asastudentofyourage,Iunderstandyoursituation.Theproblemyouarefacingiscommonamongourteenagers.However,itshouldbewisenottodoanythingthatmayhurtherfeelings.Hereareafewsuggestions.First,it'sadvisabletotalkmorewithyourmom.Ilearnttalkshelpyouunderstandeachotherbetter.Theyarealsoopportunitiestoletherknowyourideasofandattitudestowardmanythings.Second,youshouldlearntodoyourownthingswell,provingtoyourmomthatyouarealreadya“grown－up”，It'sevenbetterifyoucouldsharemoreofthehousework,suchascleaning,washingandcooking.考点探究互动探究·能力备考Ⅰ.词汇短语过关1．harmfuladj.有害的；伤害的harmn．&vt.损伤；伤害harmlessadj.无害的harmlessnessn.无害beharmfulto对……有害dosb.harm/doharmtosb.对某人有害domoreharmthangood弊大于利Thereis(no)harmin(sb.‘s)doingsth.(某人)做某事有(无)害处。Itdoes(no)harm(forsb.)todosth.(对于某人来说)26\n做某事有(无)害处。meannoharm没有恶意[即学即练1](1)Fruitjuicecan______________________children‘steeth.果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。(2)Whathedid_________hisreputation.他所做的损害了他的名声。beharmfultoharmed(3)Hemaylookfierce,buthe_____________________.他可能看上去很凶，但并无恶意。(4)Thecourtcasewill________________________mybusiness.这起诉讼案件将严重损害我的生意。meansnoharmdoseriousharmto2．existvi.存在；生存；维持生活existentadj.存在的，现存的　existencen.存在，生存Thereexists/existed....某地有……，存在……existin存在于……之中existon靠……为生existby靠……生存comeintoexistence开始存在；成立26\nbringintoexistence使发生，产生[即学即练2](1)________always________aforceofattractionbetweentwobodies.两物体间总是存在着吸引力。(2)They____________verylittlefood.他们靠极少的食物来生存。(3)Thatworddoesn‘t______inEnglish.英语中没有这个词。Thereexistsexistonexist(4)Fishcan't________________________.鱼离开水就不能生存。(5)Whendidtheworld__________________________？世界是什么时候开始产生的？existoutofwatercomeintoexistence3．puzzlevt.使困惑；使糊涂　n.难题；谜puzzlingadj.令人困惑的puzzledadj.感到困惑的puzzleabout/oversth.苦苦思索；仔细琢磨26\npuzzlesth.out琢磨出……的答案；开动脑筋beinapuzzleaboutsth.对某事迷惑不解setapuzzleforsb.(＝setsb.apuzzle)出个谜语叫某人猜bepuzzledby被……迷惑[即学即练3](1)It'squite__________________uswhyhedidthat.他为何做那样的事，我们完全搞不懂。(2)Thissentence_________me.这个句子令我困惑。(3)I______________howtosolvetheproblem.我不知道怎样解决这个问题。(4)Thequestionis________tome.这个问题令我困惑。apuzzletopuzzleswaspuzzledpuzzling4．inone’sturn轮到某人；接着inturn依次；轮流；转而；反过来byturns轮流；交替takeone’sturn轮到某人做……了taketurns依次；轮班，轮流ontheturn正在转变，正在变化outofturn不合时宜地，鲁莽地[即学即练4](1)Thegirlscalledouttheirnames____________.那些女孩儿逐一报出了自己的名字。26\n(2)Wemakeeveryefforttomakemorefilms,and____________thiscreatesfurtherenvironmentalpollution.我们在竭力生产出更多的电影，反过来这又造成了进一步的环境污染。inturninturn(3)Wekeptwatch____________.＝We____________tokeepwatch.我们轮流守望。byturnstookturns5．prevent...from阻止；制止stopsb.(from)doingsth.阻止某人做某事keepsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事protectsb.from...保护某人不受……侵袭，挡住，防御keepsb.doingsth.让某人一直做某事[即学即练5](1)Whatcanwedoto___________________thisdisease_________________？我们能做什么来防止这种疾病蔓延呢？(2)Don't______others________forlong.不要让别人等太久。prevent/stop/keepfromspreadingkeepwaiting26\n提示：(1)在被动句中from均不能省略。如：Wewerestopped/prevented/keptfromgoingoutbytheheavyrain.大雨使我们无法外出。(2)protect...from...中from后接能带来伤害或损害之事物。如：Theyhuddledtogethertoprotectthemselvesfromthewind.他们挤在一起，免受风吹。6．cheerup感到高兴；感到振奋cheersb.up使某人高兴；使某人振奋cheeron为……加油cheersb.为某人喝彩withgoodcheer欣然地Cheers!干杯！祝你健康！(用于祝酒)[即学即练6](1)____________！Thenewsisn'ttoobad.振作一点吧！也不是什么太坏的消息。(2)EverytimeanEnglishrunnerwonarace,thecrowd_________.每次英国选手赢得赛跑冠军，观众就欢呼。(3)Thecrowd__________theirfavouritehorse______.观众都替他们看好的马加油。Cheerupcheeredcheeredon7．breakout(战争、灾难、瘟疫等)突发；爆发(无被动语态)①TheSecondWorldWarbrokeoutinSeptember1939.“二战”是1939年9月爆发的。②Afirebrokeoutintheneighborhoodlastnight.昨晚居民区里发生了火灾。26\n拓展：breakawayfrom脱离(政党等)；打破(陈套等)breakdown出故障，抛锚；(计划等)失败；(身体、精神等)垮掉；打倒，砸破；(化合物等)分解breakin破门而入；闯入；打断(话语等)breakinto破门而入，突然……起来breakoff折断；突然中止，断绝，结束breakthrough突破breakup打碎，拆散；散开，解散；(学校)期末放假，(集会)结束breakintopieces成为碎片[即学即练7]　介、副词填空(1)Shestartedtospeak,thenbroke______whileawaitressserveduswithcoffee.(2)Helosthisjobandhismarriagebroke______.(3)Herhealthbroke________underthepressureofwork.offupdown(4)Shouldanotherworldwarbreak______，whatwouldbecomeofhumanbeings?(5)Firemenhadtobreakthedoor______toreachthepeopletrappedinside.(6)Themeetingbroke______ateleveno'clock.　outdownup8．watchout注意；当心watchout(for)＝lookout(for)密切注意；留神takecare留神，注意26\nbecareful仔细，留神watchit当心，小心watchover照看；看守keepaclosewatch/eyeon密切注视[即学即练8](1)____________！Thereisacarcoming!当心！有车来了！(2)__________________carswhilecrossingtheroad.过马路时要当心车辆。(3)____________nottocatchacold.＝____________nottocatchacold.当心别着凉。WatchoutWatchoutforBecarefulTakecareⅡ.重点句型详解1．Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.这就形成一个连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。本句中it做形式宾语，真正的宾语为不定式短语forlifetodevelop。it做形式宾语还可以代替动名词或从句。①Hethinksithisdutytohelpothers.他认为帮助别人是他的职责。②Hemadeitaruletogetupatsixeverymorning.他把每天早晨6点起床作为一项规定。③Weconsideritnousegoingtotheseaside.我们认为去海边没用处。26\n④Weallconsideritapitythatyoudidn‘tcometotheparty.我们都认为你没有来参加聚会很遗憾。⑤Ihateitwhenpeoplespeakwiththeirmouthsfull.我不喜欢人们说话时嘴里有满满的东西。⑥Youmaydependonitthatwe’rehonest.你可以相信我们是诚实的。拓展：it还可以做形式主语，代替真正的主语——不定式(或不定式复合结构)、动名词(或动名词复合结构)或从句。(1)It's＋adj.＋forsb.todosth.对某人来说做某事是……的。(2)It's＋adj.＋ofsb.todosth.某人做某事……(3)It's/was/...who/that...是某人/某物做……(4)Itis/wasthe＋序数词＋time＋that...＋主语＋have/haddone...这是某人第……次做……(5)Itis(high)timethat...＋主语＋did/shoulddo...是……该做……的时候了。(6)It'ssaid/reported/believed/announcedthat...据说/据报道/据猜测/据称……(7)It‘sapity/ashame/awonder...that...可惜/遗憾/奇怪……的是……(8)Ithappens/appears/seemsthat...恰巧/看来/好像……(9)Itlooks/seemsasif...看起来好像……(10)It’suptosb.todo...该某人做……了[即境活用1]　(1)Hedidn'tmake______clearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.A．this　　　　　　　　　B．thatC．itD．these26\n解析：it做形式宾语，真正宾语为whenandwhere从句。答案：C(2)I'dappreciate______ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.A．thatB．itC．thisD．you解析：it做形式宾语，代替if从句。答案：B2．ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。倍数的表达方式有：(1)“A＋倍数＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than＋B”，表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”。(2)“A＋倍数＋as＋形容词或副词的原级＋as＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。(3)“A＋倍数＋thesize/height/length/width,etc.＋of＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。(4)“A＋倍数＋what从句”，表示“A是……的多少倍”。①AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.＝ThesizeofAsiaisfourtimesthatofEurope.＝AsiaisfourtimesthesizeofEurope.＝AsiaisthreetimeslargerthanEurope.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大(比欧洲大三倍)。②Ourtotalincomeof1994wasdoublethatof1992.我们1994年的总收入是1992年的两倍。③Theproductionnowisthreetimeswhatitwastenyearsago.现在的产量是十年前的三倍。26\n[即境活用2]　(1)Thoughit'sachallengingjob,hedidit______ittookme.A．onethirdatimeB．onethirdtimeC．theonethirdtimeD．onethirdthetime解析：考查倍数比较的句型，即“倍数＋the＋n.”结构。答案：D(2)Whatatable!I'veneverseensuchathingbefore.Itis______itislong.A．halfnotaswideasB．widenotashalfasC．nothalfaswideasD．aswideasnothalf解析：考查倍数比较half＋as...as。答案：C3．...walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.……既然重力改变了，行走的确需要一些练习(1)句中doesneed是一种强调句式。①在一般句型中，do(does,did)常用来强调谓语动词的语气，在句中要重读，译为“真的”“的确”“确实”等。Youdolooknicetoday.你今天看起来真的很漂亮。Jacksaidhewouldcomeandhedidcome.杰克说他要来，他果真来了。②在祈使句中，do表示强烈的请求，而不是命令，有时它可以使邀请对方的心意显得更加客气、热情、友好，而且亲切，此时的do可译为“千万，务必”等。Pleasedositdown.务必请坐下。Dobecarefulnexttime.下次千万要小心。(2)nowthat在句中引导原因状语从句，相当于since，意为“既然，由于”，that可省略。Nowthatyouhavefinishedyourwork,you‘dbetterhavearest.既然工作已经做完了，你最好休息一下。辨析：now26\nthat/because/since/as/fornowthat说明已经成为事实的原因，常译为“既然”。because语气最强，回答的是用why提问的问句，表示直接的或为人所不知的原因。since与as语气较because弱，表示显而易见或已为人所知的原因。since侧重主句，as主从并重，语气比since弱。for是连词，用来补充说明理由或提供一种解释，不一定是真正的原因，不能放在主句前面。—Whydidyoudothis?你为什么这么做？—Becauseitisgoodforyou.因为这对你有好处。Sinceyouhaveknownit,Iwon‘trepeatit.既然你已经知道了，我就不重复了。Wearstrongshoesasweshalldoalotofwalking.穿上结实的鞋子，因为我们要走不少路。Itrainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.昨晚下雨了，因为地面是湿的。[即境活用3]　(1)Inmyopinion,whatFeiJunlongandNieHaisheng______goodtoourcountry'sinternationalpositions.A．diddodoesB．diddoesdoC．doesdiddoD．dododid解析：第一个did是what主语从句中的谓语动词；第二个does强调谓语dogoodto，故选B。答案：B易错点拨自我完善·误区备考1.unlike/dislike/alike/likely(1)unlikeprep.不同；不像(2)dislikevt.不喜欢(3)alikeadj.相似的，同样的(4)likelyadj.很可能发生的，有希望的解析：nowthat引导原因状语从句，相当于since，意为：既然。答案：D26\n[应用1]　用unlike,dislike,alike,likely的适当形式填空：(1)Thetwinslookverymuch______.(2)________hisbrother,he________playingfootball.(3)Weallthinkheis______towin.alikeUnlikedislikeslikely2.pull/drag/draw(1)pull是普通用语，指一时或突然用力拉，与push相对。有时可用于把某人某物拖、拉到某目的地的或固定的方向。(2)drag是指“拖”“拉”着笨重的物体擦着地面，缓慢而费力地拖、拉动作。(3)draw是指“拖”“拉”的物体向自己所在的方向移动，而且拖、拉的动作是从容的、不太费劲的。[应用2]　(1)She_________atruckoutfromunderthebed.(2)______thedooropen.Don’tpushit.(3)______yourchairuptothetable.(4)Theantsare_________piecesofcorn.draggedPullDrawpulling3.intime/atatime/atonetime/ontime/innotime/attimes/atnotimeintime及时；总有一天；终于ontime按时atonetime曾经，一度atatime一次，同时attimes有时atnotime决不，在任何时候都不innotime立刻，马上26\n[应用3]　(1)Thiskindofsocialphenomenoncouldexistonlyforafewmonths,butitwilldisappear__________.(2)_____________shewantedtobeanurse,butthethoughtofworkingatnightputheroff.(3)Theyranallthewaytothecornerjust________tocatchthebus.innotimeAtonetimeintime(4)Myhoney,lifeisverydifficultandcruel_________.Wipeyourtears.(5)Dealwithyourquestionsseparately,one______.(6)Besuretobe_________.Themeetingisveryimportant.(7)___________willwegiveup.attimesatatimeontimeAtnotime高效作业自我测评·技能备考Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Hewasinterestedina__________________andalwaysstayedupatnighttowatchthestars.2．Notlongagoav___________earthquakeoccurredoffthecoastofIndonesia.3．Computerhackershavebrokendownsecuritys____________，raisingquestionsaboutthesafetyofinformation.4．Toomuchsugarcanbeh________tochildren'steeth.astronomy　violentsystemsharmful26\n5．Thethree－starhoteloffersafriendlya______________________andpersonalservice.6．Chinahassentupanother______(人造卫星)intospace.7．Thereisalotofrubbish___________(漂浮)onthesurfaceoftheriver.8．_____________(理论)isbasedonpractice.9．The__________(气候)isdifferentfromplacetoplace.10.6_______________(乘)by5is30.atmosphere　satellitefloatingTheoryclimatemultipliedⅡ.单项选择1．—I‘mthinkingofthetesttomorrow.I’mafraidIcan‘tpassthistime.—______！I’msureyou‘llmakeit.A．Goahead　　　　　　B．GoodluckC．NoproblemD．Cheerup答案：D解析：考查交际用语。cheerup用于鼓励别人：振奋起来，别灰心。2．(2010·湖北百校联考)Withthewords,he______awidemouthjarfromhispocketandsetitonthetableinfrontofhim.A．pulledoutB．checkedoutC．stuckoutD．droppedout答案：A解析：考查动词短语。语意表示他从口袋里拿出一个广口瓶，用pullout表示“抽，从……中抽出来”。checkout“结帐离去，办妥手续离去”；stickout“坚持，突出，伸出”；dropout“退出，退学”。26\n3．AsthebusiestwomaninNorton,shemade______herdutytolookafteralltheotherpeople‘saffairsinthattown.A．thisB．thatC．oneD．it解析：考查it做形式宾语，真正宾语为不定式短语tolookafter...。答案：D4．Completelylostintheexciting______ofthefootballmatch,Tomdidn‘tfeelhispocketpicked.A．sceneB．viewC．atmosphereD．sight答案：C解析：考查名词辨析。atmosphere在此指“气氛；氛围”。5．ManyEuropeans______thecontinentofAfricainthe19thcentury.A．explodedB．exposedC．exploredD．expanded答案：C解析：句意为：许多欧洲人在19世纪对非洲大陆进行了探索。explode爆炸；expose暴露，显示；explore探索；expand扩大。6．It’s______fortheShenzhouⅦspaceshipthateveryChinesefeelscheerfulandproud.A．soasuccessfulflightB．sosuccessfulaflightC．suchsuccessfulaflightD．asuchsuccessfulflight答案：B解析：考查such...that和so...that句型。句意为：对于“神七”来说，这是一次极为成功的飞行，以至于每个中国人都为之高兴和自豪。“so＋adj.＋a＋可数名词单数”或“such＋a＋adj.＋可数名词单数”。26\n7．Hehas______letterstoanswerandhastoworkfrommorningtonight.A．muchB．agreatdealofC．massesofD．thenumberof答案：C解析：考查修饰名词表“大量”的词的辨析。massesof相当于plentyof，意为“许多；大量”。A、B两项用于修饰不可数名词；thenumberof意为“……的数目”，与题意不符。8．(2010·陕西西安质检)Wewerescaredtodeathwhenthefire______.Fortunately,itwasputoutbeforeitcausedmuchdamage.A．brokeoutB．cameoutC．gaveoutD．turnedout答案：A解析：考查动词短语辨析。breakout表示“(战争、打斗等不愉快事件)突然发生”；comeout表示“出发，发芽”；giveout表示“分发，用完”；turnout表示“结果是，生产”。语意：突如其来的大火把我们吓得要死，幸好被扑灭了，没有造成很大损失。A项符合语意。9．Atthe______news,therewasa______expressiononhisface.A．puzzled;puzzlingB．puzzling;puzzleC．puzzling;puzzledD．puzzled;puzzle答案：C解析：第一空用puzzling“令人迷惑的”修饰news；第二空指“迷惑的表情”用puzzled。10．Doyouthink______lifeonMars?A．itexistsB．thereexistsC．itisexistedD．thereisexisted答案：B解析：考查Thereexists...句式，意为“某地存在某物”。existv.存在。26\n11．Allpossiblemeans______.However,nothingcan______himdyingoflungcancer.A．hastried;stopB．havetried;keepC．hasbeentried;preventD．havebeentried;stop答案：D解析：第一空主语means是单复数同形的名词，有all修饰，谓语用复数，且为被动语态；第二空stop和prevent都对，但keep...from中from不能省略。12．______，IlostheartinEnglishlearning,butmyteacheroftensaidtome,“Keeponworkinghard,andyou‘llsucceed______.”A．Atatime;intimeB．Atatime;ontimeC．Atonetime;intimeD．Atonetime;ontime答案：C解析：第一空填atonetime“曾经有一段时间”，第二空填intime“迟早”。atatime“一次”；ontime“按时”。13．(2010·北京东城期末)Water,whichseemssosimpleandcommon,is______makeslifepossible.A．whatB．thatC．whichD．how答案：A解析：考查表语从句。名词性从句的解题原则是“缺什么补什么”，此处表语从句“______makeslifepossible”中缺少“主语”，同时“主语”不表示“人”，用what(表示人时应该选用who或者whom)。所以选A项。14．______you‘vepassedthefinalexam,youcanprepareforthecomingholiday.A．NowthatB．AssoonasC．AlthoughD．If答案：A26\n解析：考查状语从句。nowthat可引导原因状语从句，意为“既然”。15．SomepartsinSouthChinahaveexperienced______thisyearastheydidlastyear.A．twiceasmuchrainB．raintwiceasmuchC．astwicemuchrainD．twicerainasmuch答案：A解析：考查倍数比较twiceasmuch...as。Ⅲ.阅读理解AVincentVanGogh(30March1853～29July1890)wasaDutchpost－Impressionistartist.Hewasconsideredoneofthegreatestartistswithgreatinfluenceon20thcenturyart.VanGoghspenthisearlyadultlifeworkingforafirmofartdealers.Afterabriefperiodasateacher,hebecameamissionary(传教士)workerinaverypoorminingregion.Hedidnotbeginhiscareerasanartistuntil1880;howeverduringthelasttenyearsofhislife,heproducedmorethan2000pieces,includingaround900paintingsand1100drawingsandsketches(素描).Heworkedonlywithsombre(昏暗的)coloursuntilhemetImpressionismandneo－ImpressionisminParis.VanGoghincorporated(合并)theirbrightercoloursandstyleofpaintingintoauniquelyrecognizablestyle.Mostofhisbest－knownworkswereproducedduringhisfinaltwoyears,whenhewassufferingfromseriousmentalillness.In1890,attheageof37,VanGoghshothimselfinthechest.Hediedtwodayslater,withTheo,hisbrotherandhisbestfriend,athisside,whoreportedhislastwordsas“Thesadnesswilllastforever”.Theo,unabletocometotermswithhisbrother'sdeathdied6months26\nlaterandwasburiednexttohim.Itwouldnottakelongbeforehisfamegrewhigherandhigher.VincentVanGogh'smotherthrewawayquiteanumberofhispaintingsduringVincent'slifeandevenafterhisdeath.Butshewouldlivelongenoughtoseehersonbecomeaworldfamouspainter.Theonlypaintinghesoldduringhislifetime,TheRedVineyard,wascreatedin1888.ItisnowondisplayinthePushkinMuseuminMoscow,Russia.SeveralpaintingsbyVanGoghrankamongthemostexpensivepaintingsintheworld.OnMarch30,1987VanGogh'spaintingIriseswassoldforarecord$53.9millionatSoutheby's,NewYork.OnMay15,1990hisPortraitofDoctorGachetwassoldfor$82.5millionatChristie's,thusestablishinganewpricerecord.1．What'stherightorderofVanGogh'slifeexperience?a．workedasateacherb．tookupdrawingc．workedinanartfirmd．workedasamissionaryworkerA．c,a,b,dB．c,a,d,bC．b,c,a,dD．b,a,c,d答案及解析：1．B。细节题。由第三段可知B项正确叙述了梵高的人生经历。2．WhichwordscanbestdescribeVanGogh'slateryears?A．Sadandboring.B．Normalandpeaceful.C．Happybutfruitless.D．Painfulbutproductive.答案解析:D。推断题。根据文章可知，梵高晚年患有严重的精神疾病(seriousmentalillness)，而他的大部分著名作品创造于生命的最后两年，由此可以判断他的晚年是“痛苦而又多产的”。3．WhydidVanGoghkill26\nhimself?A．Becausehewasafailureasanartist.B．Becausehehadanunhappyfamily.C．Becausehelosthisbelovedbrother.D．Becausehewassufferingfrommentalillness.答案解析:D。细节题。第二段结尾告诉我们，梵高晚年患有严重的精神疾病，第dg段开头接着说梵高自杀，由此可知D项正确。4．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．VanGoghdidn'tbecomefamousuntilhedied.B．VanGoghdrewandsoldmanypaintingsinhislife.C．VanGoghachievedgreatsuccessduringhislifetime.D．VanGoghdrewmostofhispaintingsbetween1888and1890.4．答案解析:A。推断题。结合最后一段开头Theonlypaintinghesoldduringhislifetime...和第三段结尾Itwouldnottakelongbeforehisfamegrewhigherandhigher.可以判断梵高生前并不辉煌，只是死后才声名大噪，故A项正确。本文是一篇对比文，特点是平行论述，没有主次之分，作者不发表态度和结论，一般两种观点的开头可当做文章主旨。BSomefuturologistshaveassumedthatthevastupsurge(剧增)ofwomenintheworkforcemayportendarejectionofmarriage.Manywomen,accordingtothishypothesis,wouldratherworkthanmarry.Theconverse(反面)ofthisconcernisthattheprospectsofbecomingamultipaycheckhouseholdcouldencouragemarriage.Inthepast,onlytheearningsandfinancialprospectsofthemancountedinthemarriagedecision.Now,however,theearningabilityofawomancanmakehermoreattractiveasamarriagepartner.Datashowthateconomicdownturnstendtoputtingoffmarriagebecausethepartiescannotaffordtoestablishafamilyorareconcernedaboutrainydaysahead.Astheeconomycomestolife,thenumberofmarriagesalsorises.Theincreaseindivorceratesfollowstotheincreaseinwomenworkingoutsidethehome.Yet,itmaybewrongtojumptoanysimplecauseandeffectconclusions.Theimpactofawife'sworkondivorceisnolesscloudythanitsimpactonmarriagedecisions.Therealizationthatshecanbeagoodprovidermayincreasethechancesthataworkingwifewillchoosedivorceoveranunsatisfactorymarriage.26\nButthereverseisequallyplausible(似是而非的).Tensionsgroundedinfinancialproblemsoftenplayakeyroleinendingamarriage.Byraisingafamily'sstandardofliving,aworkingwifemaystrengthenherfamily'sfinancialandemotionalstability.Psychologicalfactorsalsoshouldbeconsidered.Forexample,awifeblockedfromacareeroutsidethehomemayfeelcagedinthehouse.Shemayviewheronlychoiceasseekingadivorce.Ontheotherhand,ifshecanfindfulfillmentthroughworkoutsidethehome,workandmarriagecangotogethertocreateastrongerandmorestableunion.Also,amajorpartofwomen'sinequalityinmarriagehasbeenduetothefactthat,inmostcases,menhaveremainedthemainbreadwinners.Aworkingwifemayrobahusbandofbeingthemasterofthehouse.Dependinguponhowthecouplereactstothesenewconditions,itcouldcreateastrongerequalpartnershiporitcouldcreatenewinsecurities.5.Theword“portend”(line2,para.1)isclosestinmeaningto“______”．A.defyB.signalC.sufferfromD.resultfrom答案解析:B。词义题。根据句意不难理解portend是“预示”的意思。signal也有“显示”的意思；defy不服从，反抗；sufferfrom忍受，遭受；resultfrom由……产生。6.Itissaidinthepassagethatwhentheeconomyslides______.A.menwouldchooseworkingwomenastheirmarriagepartnersB.morewomenwouldgetmarriedtoseekfinancialsecurityC.evenworkingwomenwouldworryabouttheirmarriagesD.morepeoplewouldprefertoremainsingleforthetimebeing6.答案解析:D。细节题。题干的theeconomyslides等于原文的economicdownturns。第一段提到经济低迷时期人们倾向推迟婚姻，因为双方不能承担一个家庭或者担心更窘迫的日子。D符合原文意思。26\n7.Ifwomenfindfulfillmentthroughworkoutsidethehome,______.A.theyaremorelikelytodominatetheirmarriagepartnersB.theirhusbandsareexpectedtodomorehouseworkC.theirmarriagetiescanbestrengthenedD.theytendtoputtheircareerbeforemarriage答案解析：C。细节题。第三段最后一句可知选项C正确。8.Onereasonwhywomenwithnocareermayseekadivorceisthat______.A.theyfeelthattheyhavebeenrobbedoftheirfreedomB.theyareafraidofbeingbossedaroundbytheirhusbandsC.theyfeelthattheirpartnersfailtoliveuptotheirexpectationsD.theytendtosuspecttheirhusbands,loyaltytotheirmarriage8.答案解析：A。细节题。第三段第二句提到不能外出工作的妇女会感到被关在笼子里，相当于“theyfeelthattheyhavebeenrobbedoftheirfreedom”“她们感到被剥夺了自由。”9.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestsummarizetheauthor'sviewinthepassage?A.Thestabilityofmarriageandthedivorceratemayreflecttheeconomicsituationofthecountry.B.Evenwheneconomicallyindependent,mostwomenhavetostruggleforrealequalityinmarriage.C.Inordertosecuretheirmarriagewomenshouldworkoutsidethehomeandremainindependent.D.Theimpactofthegrowingfemaleworkforceonmarriagevariesfromcasetocase.9.答案解析：D。主旨题。用排除法解题。A因果颠倒，排除；B文章从未提及；C以偏盖全；只有D，女性外出工作对婚姻的影响各不一样，这准确表达出文章的两种平行的相反观点。26