（北京专用）2022届高考英语一轮复习方案 作业手册（14） Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars（含解析） 新人教版必修3

课时作业(十四)　[必修3　Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars](限时：35分钟)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Ⅰ.单项填空1．Robertisinterestedin________astronomyandhewisheshecouldmakeatripinto________spaceoneday.A．the;theB．an;theC．an;/D．/;/2．Afterwefinishthedesigning，thecompany，________itsturn，shoulddotheconstructingwork.A．inB．onC．atD．for3．Allpeople，________theyareoldoryoung，richorpoor，havebeentryingtheirbesttohelpthoseinneedsincethedisaster.A．evenifB．whetherC．nomatterD．however4．Iftheywinthefinaltonight,theteamaregoingtotouraroundthecity________bytheirenthusiasticsupporters.A．beingcheeredB．becheeredC．tobecheeredD．werecheered5．[2022·福建卷]ChinarecentlytighteneditswaterscontrolsneartheHuangyanIslandtopreventChinesefishingboatsfrom________intheSouthChinaSea.A．attackingB．havingattackedC．beingattackedD．havingbeenattacked6．TherearesmallgroupsofwordswhichevensomenativespeakersandwritersofEnglishfind________．A．puzzlingB．puzzledC．beingpuzzledD．topuzzle7．Duringjobinterviews,manygraduatesusethereputationoftheirschoolstothefull________themselvestotheemployers.A．presentedB．beingpresentedC．topresentD．havingpresented8．Hedidn'tmake________clearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.A．thisB．that-6-\nC．itD．these9．Obviously,strengtheningstrategicpartnershipisconsistentwiththe________interestsofthetwocountriesandtheirpeoples.A．traditionalB．potentialC．fundamentalD．secure10．Gettingmoreinformationonhowtousethesetoolscan________yourchancesofsuccess.A．raiseB．multiplyC．addD．gain11．________mostchildrennowadaysaretheonlychildren,theytendtobemoreselfcentered.A．EversinceB．NowthatC．OnlyifD．Eventhough12．Mumlikesthisoldhouseindowntownbetterthanthehugeoneinthecountry,butitcostsalmost________．A．twiceasmuchB．twiceasmanyC．twicesomuchD．twicesomany13．Therewasa________quarrelbetweenthehusbandandthewife；afterthatthewifelefthomeandnevercameback.A．sensitiveB．seriousC．violentD．strict14．Overtheyearsshehadtriedherbestto________theterriblememory,butitwasnotaneasytask.A．liveonB．blockoutC．bringbackD．callup15．—Doyouthinklivinginthecountryhasadvantages?—________．A．Yes,perfectlyB．Yes,itisC．NothingatallD．Well,thatdependsⅡ.阅读理解AAtaphysicsconferencedinnerwithmyhusbandAlex,IsatnexttoamanI'llcallClayton.Claytonkepttalkingabouthimselfallthroughtheentireconversation:hehadsolvedproblemsnooneelsecould;onlyhisviewswereright;otherresearchers'workwasinaccurateorunimportant.Icouldnotputinaword.Extremelyannoyed,IplannedtoavoidClaytoninthatfuture.Infact,Idecidednevertohaveanotherconversationwithhim.AfewdayslaterIwasinaneducationclass.Ourprofessorexplainedhowonechildcouldbecomethetargetoftheotherstudents'ridicule(讥笑)．“Usuallyit'sbecausetheclassseestheirownweaknessesglaringlymagnified(放大)inthatstudent.Theydon'twanttoadmittheyhavethesameweakness,sotheyridiculeandexcludethestudent.Thebehaviorofboththeclassandtheexcludedstudentiscausedbypersonalinsecurity.”AsItooknotes,suddenlyIthoughtofClayton.ItstruckmethatIhavemany-6-\nofthesamefaults.HoweasilyIruleaconversationandleaveothersout.I,too,sometimesfeelthatonlymyopinionisright.Myconcernsorworkeasilyseemsmostimportant.Asmyprofessorhaddescribed,IreactednegativelytosomeoneinwhomIexperiencedmyownweakness.Ichangedmymind.InsteadofavoidingClayton,I'lltrytolistenpatientlywiththesamekindnessandacceptancethatIneed.16．ThewriterwasextremelyannoyedwithClaytonpartlybecause________．A．hesaidnotallhisviewswererightB．hewouldn'tletherputinawordC．hekeptsilentallthroughthedinnerD．hewastooparticularaboutthefood17．WhosaidthewordsinParagraph3?A．Clayton.B．Thewriter'shusband.C．Thewriter.D．Thewriter'sprofessor.18．Thefourthparagraphwaswrittentoshow________．A．whythewriterchangedhermindB．howthewriterwasannoyedC．whenthewriterhadhereducationD．whatweaknessthewriterhad19．Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat________．A．thewriterwillseeotherpeoplemorepositivelyB．ClaytonwillnotruleaconversationanylongerC．thewriterwilltrytoavoidtalkingwithClaytonD．ClaytonwillfindouthehashisownweaknessBWhyPeopleGetTattoosJacklay,quietandunmoving,forthirtyminuteswhileastrangerrepeatedlystabbed(刺)himwithsharpneedles,causingbloodtopoursteadilyoutofhisleg.Jackwasgettingatattoo.HisfriendTonyhadrecentlygottenatattoo,andJackwassoimpressedbyitthathedecidedtogetonetoo.Peerpressure,mediainfluence,andpersonalexpressionsaresomeofthecommonreasonsforwearingtattoostoday.Thedesiretobeacceptedbyone'sfriendsorpeerscanhaveagreatinfluenceonwhatapersondoes.Sometimes,wearingatattoocanbeasignthatyoubelongtoacertaingroup.Gangsoftenusespecialclothesandtattoostoidentifytheirparticulargroup.Someofthesegroupswearonlybrandnameclothes.Othersweartattoos.Whenaperson'sfriendsarealldoingsomething,thatpersonismorelikelytodothesamething.ThemediaisanotherbiginfluencebehindthepopularityoftattoosinNorth-6-\nAmerica.Awidevarietyofmediaimages(人物，图像)showtattoos—peopleappearingincommercialssellingexpensivecars,famoussportsheroeswithtattoosinmagazines,fashionmodelswearingdesignerclothesthatshowtheirbodiestattooedwithdetailedandcolourfulpatterns.Thesemediaimageslinktattoostoideasofwealth,success,andstatus.Asaresult,manypeopledecidetogetatattooforitsfashionandstatusvalue.Manypeopledecidetoweartattoosinordertoexpresstheirartisticnature,theirbeliefs,ortheirfeelings—inotherwords,toshowtheirindividuality(个性).Amusicianinarockbandmaygetatattooofaguitaronthearm.Someenvironmentalistsmaytattoopicturesofendangeredanimalsontheirshoulders.Atattoocanbeapublicsigntoshowwhatisimportantinaperson'slife.Asyoucansee,therearemanyreasonswhyyoungNorthAmericansgettattoos.Atattoocanbepartofagroup'suniform,asignoffashion,oranexpressionofindividuality.Thedecisiontogetatattooismostoftenaresultoftheinfluenceoffriendsormediaorthedesiretoexpressoneself.ForJack,itwasamixtureofallthree.20．Jackhasgottattoosinorderto________．A．showhisgreatbraveryB．gainaspecialexperienceC．makehimselfmorehealthyD．bedifferentfromothers21．Accordingtothepassage,mediaimagesarelinkedto________．A．traditionallifestyleB．socialpositionC．culturalbackgroundD．publicinterest22．Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________．A．somepeoplegettattoosoutofpressureB．tattooisrelatedtoreligiousbeliefC．gettingtattooscostsalotofmoneyD．mostpeoplewithtattoosareartists23．Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?CP:CentralPoint　P:Point　Sp:Subpoint(次要点)C:Conclusion-6-\n参考答案课时作业(十四)Ⅰ.1.D　考查冠词。astronomy指学科，学科前不用冠词；space指“太空”，一般不与冠词连用，但有形容词修饰时，应使用定冠词。2．A　句意：我们完成设计后就该由公司来进行建设了。inone'sturn固定搭配，意思是“轮到某人，接着”。3．B　句意：自这次灾难以来，所有的人，不管是年老的还是年轻的，富有的还是贫穷的，都在尽自己最大的努力去帮助那些需要帮助的人。whether…or…是固定搭配，意为“无论是……还是……，不管是……还是……”。4．C　考查非谓语动词。句意：如果他们赢了今晚的决赛，队员们将会巡游全城，接受热心支持者的欢呼。A项beingcheered正在进行；B项becheered是谓语原形；D项werecheered也是谓语，但句中已有谓语aregoingto；C项tobecheered表示将来，同时也表示被动。根据语境，选C。5．C　考查固定词组搭配。preventsbfromdoingsth“阻止某人做某事”，本句中的fishingboats和attack是被动关系，所以选择C项，且此处不用完成时态。句意：中国最近加紧黄岩岛的水域控制来阻止中国渔船在中国南海被袭击。6．A　考查非谓语动词。findsmallgroupsofwordspuzzling，puzzling作宾语补足语，表示“让人迷惑的”。7．C　考查非谓语动词。topresentthemselvestotheemployers为动词不定式短语作目的状语。8．C　考查代词it的用法。此处it作形式宾语，whenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld是真正的宾语。当复合宾语中的宾语是宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补语的后面，而把代词it放在全句谓语动词和宾语补语的中间。宾语补语后面的宾语是真正的宾语，谓语动词和宾语补语中间的it是形式宾语。9．C　考查形容词辨析。句意：很明显，加强两国的战略伙伴关系与两国以及两国人民的根本利益是一致的。traditional传统的，惯例的；potential潜在的，可能的；fundamental基础的，根本的，十分重要的；secure安全的，牢固的。10．B　考查动词辨析。句意：获取更多有关如何使用这些工具的信息可以增加你的成功机会。raise举起，提高，筹集，养育；multiply乘，增加；add将……相加，增加(＋to)；gain获得。11．B　考查状语从句的连接词。此处nowthat意为：既然。句意：因为当今大多数孩子是独生子，所以他们更加自我。12．A　考查倍数的表达法。此处结构为：倍数＋as＋adj./adv.。13．C　考查形容词辨析。句意：丈夫和妻子之间发生了一次激烈的争吵，之后，妻子离家出走，再也没回来。violent激烈的，暴力的。sensitive敏感的；serious严重的，严肃的；strict严格的。14．B　考查动词短语辨析。句意：多年来她一直想要封闭那段可怕的回忆，但这一点儿都不容易。liveon意为“靠……过活，以……为主食，继续存在”；blockout意为“挡住，遮住(光线或声音)；忘掉，抹去(不愉快的事)；塞住，封住(孔、洞)”；bringback意为“带回来，使记起，使恢复”；callup意为“给……打电话，使想起”。根据句意可知B项正确。15．D　考查情景交际。thatdepends那依情况而定。Ⅱ.A-6-\n古语说，“以人为鉴，可以知得失”。教授的话使作者在Clayton身上看到了自己的一些缺点，于是她改变了以前的想法，不回避Clayton，而是耐心地听他说话。16．B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的第二句和第三句可知，由于Clayton一直谈论着自己，作者插不上话，所以对他非常厌烦。17．D　细节理解题。根据第二段的“Ourprofessorexplainedhowonechild…”可知，第三段的话是出自那个教授之口。18．A　推理判断题。第四段讲述了作者在听教授的课时发现自己与Clayton有很多共有的毛病，这就是她决定改变自己想法的原因。19．A　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，为了改正自己的缺点，作者决定不回避Clayton，而是耐心去倾听他说话，由此可推知作者会用更积极的眼光去看待他人。B20．D　细节理解题。根据第一段描述和第四段结论，人们文身的目的是“Manypeopledecidetoweartattoosinordertoexpresstheirartisticnature,theirbeliefs,ortheirfeelings—inotherwords,toshowtheirindividuality.”故选D。21．B　细节理解题。目标段为第三段“Thesemediaimageslinktattoostoideasofwealth,success,andstatus.”，文身和财富、成就、地位相关，这些都指社会地位。故选B。22．A　推理判断题。本文谈到文身与同伴压力、媒体影响和个人表达有关。B、D选项有失偏颇，不仅与宗教信仰、艺术相关，还与其他方面有关；C选项文中没有相关信息；故选A。第一段谈到。23．D　篇章结构题。本文采用的是“总—分—总”式排列方法，前后照应。第一段说明本文观点，即“Peerpressure,mediainfluence,andpersonalexpressionsaresomeofthecommonreasonsforwearingtattoostoday.”第二、三、四段分别从这三个方面论述，最后归纳总结。所以本题选D。-6-