【广东专用】2022届高考英语一轮复习 课时作业(十四) Unit4 Astronomy：the science of the stars 新人教版必修3

课时作业(十四)　[必修3　Unit4　Astronomy：thescienceofthestars](限时：30分钟)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Ⅰ.语法填空SometimesChineseEnglishteachersarepuzzledby1.________aquestion，“Haveyougotanyskillsinreadingcomprehension？”Actually,manyoftheteacherscan'tgivestudents2.________efficientwaytodealwithreading.Anyway,3.________oftensimplysay，“Readmoreandpracticemore,andyou4.________(get)moreexperienceinreadingcomprehension.”Frankly,theseteachers'good5.________(suggest)areonlyhelpfultoarousestudents'interestinreading6.________nothelpfultodealwiththequestionsintheexaminationsofreadingcomprehension.Personally,Ithinktheskillforreadingcomprehensionshouldbebased7.________theknowledgeofEnglishwriting.SincetheEnglishpassagesarewrittenundersomerulesorprinciples,thescienceofreadingandunderstandingmayhaveacloserelationshipwithwriting.Readingcomprehensioncan'tbeindependentfromtheknowledgeofwriting.So8.________(do)betterinreadingcomprehension,weshouldlearntheknowledgeofwriting,study9.________questionsaredesignedandtherelationship10.________questionsandthereadingmaterials.Ⅱ.阅读理解SurfaceExploration.Robotsmakegreatexplorersonplanets，moons，andotherlandingareas.Asidefromearth，justabouteverysurfaceinthesolarsystemisunsafeforhumanstoexplore.Theaironmostotherplanetsisinsufficientforhumanstobreathe，makingitnecessarytowearaspacesuitandoxygenequipment.Thetemperaturesonthesesurfacesaremuchtoohotormuchtoocoldforanyhumanstowithstand．Plustherewouldbecomplicationswithradiation，weather，andalackofgravity.Robotshavemuchlesslimitationintheseareasandcansurvivemuchlongerundertheseconditions.DataCollection.Robotsaredesignedforcollectingscientificdata.Robotsarealsoabletoperformmanytasksatatimeandcanprocessinformationmuchquickerandmoreefficiently.Importantscientificprojectsfromdetectingminerals，analyzinggroundsamples，andfindingwaterareallperformedmuchquickerandmoreaccurately(精确地)byrobots.CostEffective.Theuseofrobotshasmadethecostofspaceexplorationmuchlessexpensivethanitwouldcostforhumanstodothework.Inordertosuccessfullysendhumansintospacewewouldneedtobuildavehiclethatcannotonlycarryhumans，butalsoenoughfoodandwatertokeepthemaliveforthedurationofthetrip.Moreover，robotshavenoproblemsworkingforhoursonend.Robotsnevercomplain，theydon'trequirefoodorwater，andtheyneverneedabathroombreak.4\nSpaceTravel.Overthepast30yearsorsotherehavebeenmanydifferenttypesofrobotsusedsuccessfullyintheexplorationofspace.PerhapsthemostfamousandsuccessfulrobotsaretheSpiritandOpportunitywhohavebothbeenexploringthesurfaceofMars.TheyhavebothbeenverysuccessfulwithexperimentsonsoilandrocksandhaveevenfoundevidenceofwaterinMars'history.11．Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．Theuseofrobotsinspaceexplorationcostsmorethantheuseofhumans.B．Itmaybedangerousforhumanstoexplorethesolarsystemexcepttheearth.C．BoththeSpiritandOpportunityhavefoundtheevidenceofwaterintheMars.D．Manydifferenttypesofrobotshaveexploredthespacesuccessfully.12．Whichcolumncouldthepassagecomefrom?A．Education.B．Finance.C．Travel.D．Science.13.Theunderlinedword“withstand”mostprobablymeans“________”．A．ariseB．bearC．defeatD．diverse14．Whatisthewriter'sattitudeinthispassage?A．Negative.B．Persuasive.C．Subjective.D．Objective.15．Whilesendinganastronautintothespace，weshouldconsiderthefollowingEXCEPT________．A．theradiationB．theoxygenC．thedietD．thealienⅢ.信息匹配请阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。首先请阅读下列运动学校、中心或俱乐部的信息：ARidingSchoolYoucanstarthorseridingatanyage.Chooseprivateorgrouplessonsanyweekdaybetween9：00amand8：30pm(3：30pmonSaturdays).Thereare10kilometresoftracksandpathsforleisurelyridesacrossfarmlandandopencountry.Youwillneedaridinghat.BSailingClubOurYoungSailor'sCourseleadstotheStage1Sailingqualification.You'lllearnhowtosailsafelyandthecoursealsocoverssailingtheoryandfirstaid.Havefunwithothercoursemembersafterwardsintheclubroom.Thereare10weeklytwohourlessons(Tuesdays6pm—8pm).CDivingCentreOurexperiencedinstructorsofferonemonthcoursesindeepseadivingforbeginners.Therearetwoeveninglessonsaweek,inwhichyoulearntobreathe4\nunderwaterandusetheequipmentsafely.Youonlyneedaswimmingcostumeandtowel.Reducedratesforcouples.DTennisClubLearntoplaytennisintheheartofthecityandhavefunatourtennisweekends.ArriveonFridayevening,learnthebasicrulesonSaturdayandplayinacompetitiononSunday.There'salsoadiscoandswimmingpool.Whitetennisclothesandaracketarerequired.EWaterSportsClubWeuseatwokilometrelengthofriverforspeedboatracing,andwaterskiing.Abeginners'courseconsistsoften20minutelessons.Youwilllearntohandleboatssafelyandconfidently,butmustbeabletoswim.Theclubisinaconvenientcentralpositionandisopendailyfrom9amto4pm,withlessonsallthroughtheday.FGolfClubAfterathreehourintroductionwithaprofessionalgolfer,youcanjointhisgolfclub.Thecourseisbuiltonbeautifulcountryhillsandisopenfromdawnuntilduskdaily.ThereareregularsocialeveningsonSaturdaysintheclubbar.Youwillneedyourowngolfequipment.以下是五位运动爱好者的信息。请将他们与适合他们加入的运动学校、中心或俱乐部匹配起来。16．JackAnderson.Jackworksinthecitycentreandwantstotakeupasportthathecandoregularlyinhislunchhour.Heenjoysactivitieswhicharefastandabitdangerous.17．MargaretLillian.Margaretalreadyplaysgolfatweekends.Nowshehasretiredandwantstolearnanewactivityshecandointhecountrysideinthemornings.18．PeterFlorian.Insixweeks'time,PeterishavingaholidayonaThailandisland,whereheplanstoexploretheoceandepths.Hehasa9to5jobandwantstoprepareforthisholidayafterwork.19．AliceFingelhamm.Aliceis16.Shewantstodoanactivityoneeveningaweekandgetacertificateattheend.Shewouldalsoliketomakenewfriends.20．LynneNagata.Lynnehasawellpaidbutstressfuljob.Shewouldliketotakeupasportwhichshecandooutsidethecityeachweekend.Shealsowantstogettoknowsomenewpeople.4\n课时作业(十四)Ⅰ.本文主要探讨了英语阅读技巧方面的话题。1．such　由后面列举的问题可知，此处是指“这样的”问题。2．an　指“一种”有效的方法，表示“一种”用不定冠词。efficient以元音音素开头，故用an。3．they　指代前文中的ChineseEnglishteachers。4．willget　在“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型中，陈述句的谓语动词要用一般将来时。5．suggestions　作主语用名词，谓语是are，可见此名词要用复数。6．but　因上文helpfulto与本句中的nothelpfulto显然为转折关系，故用but连接两个形容词短语作表语。7．on　固定搭配bebasedon意为“以……为基础，在……的基础上”。8．todo　作目的状语，要用动词不定式。9．how　引导宾语从句，并在从句中作方式状语，即研究问题是“如何”设计的。10．between　表示“两者之间”用between。Ⅱ.本文主要介绍了机器人是如何在一些星体进行太空探索及与人相比所占的优势和所起的作用等。11．A　细节理解题。由第三段第一句Theuseofrobotshasmadethecostofspaceexplorationmuchlessexpensivethanitwouldcostforhumanstodothework.可知使用机器人进行太空探索比人类做这项工作花费更少，因此A项说花费更多是有误的。12．D　推理判断题。本文主要是关于机器人在太空探索中的运用，应该属于科学栏目，故选D项。13．B　词义猜测题。前面提到这些表面太热或太冷应该是会让人难以忍受，故选B项。bear意为“忍受”。14．D　推理判断题。纵观全文可知作者只是客观地介绍了机器人在太空探索中的使用，并未带有“否定的”、“说服性的”或者是“主观的”看法，故选D项。15．D　细节理解题。在本文的第一部分提到了A、B两项“辐射”和“氧气”问题，在第三段提到了C项“饮食”问题。本文并未提到有关“外星人”的情况，故选D项。Ⅲ.16.E　关键信息fastandabitdangerous与E项中的speedboat,waterskiing匹配。17．A　关键信息retired,alreadyplaysgolfatweekends,wantstolearnanewactivity,dointhecountryside与A项中的atanyage,anyweekday,ridesacrossfarmlandandopencountry匹配。18．C　关键信息exploretheoceandepths,afterwork与C项中的deepseadiving,twoeveninglessonsaweek匹配。19．B　关键信息anactivityoneeveningaweek,getacertificateattheend,makenewfriends与B项中的10weeklytwohourlessons(Tuesday6pm—8pm),leadstotheStage1Sailingqualification,Havefunwithothercoursemembers匹配。20．F　关键信息dooutsidethecityeachweekend,knowsomenewpeople与F项中的onbeautifulcountryhills,regularsocialeveningsonSaturdays匹配。4