2023高考英语新教材一轮第1部分主题专项突破主题语境2人与社会主题群4科学与技术主题3ScienceandScientists科学与科学家课件（新人教版）

主题群四　科学与技术主题3ScienceandScientists科学与科学家英语2023高中总复习优化设计GAOZHONGZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI\n内容索引主题词汇主题语篇主题写作\n主题词汇\n词汇认知项目课标词汇非课标词汇补充词汇名词(n.)infectionproofhouseholdsuspectblamehandleinterventionlinkdecreasestatisticmicroscopethinkingproteincellvirusfindingframeworksolidshadowrainbowconcreteassistantmissileleadershipconceptastronomertelescopefaultshiftcholeradiarrhoeadehydrationgermpumpepidemiologyvaccineplasmaaerospaceaviationjettraceastronomycompass　battery　stuff　desireinstance　chemist　biologistorigin　species　stream　radiumtheory　cure　declarationexperiment　lightning　fictionmetal　flash　gravityaccount　procedure\n项目课标词汇非课标词汇补充词汇动词(v.)subscribesuspectblamehandlelinkdecreasetransformcastpourdefendshiftinfecttraceshootinjuredraftattachconduct形容词(adj.)severecontradictorymultiplepuresubstantialinitialsolidconcretemechanicoutstandinggiftedabstractbrilliantvividfrustratedpatrioticmechanicalsteadyvirtualflexiblecapablepassivesignificantaccurateminorextraordinarybrilliantmental\n项目课标词汇非课标词汇补充词汇介词(prep.)besidesbeyond副词(adv.)besidesfurthermoreentirely短语(phr.)onceandforallingeneralsubscribetowaterpumpthankstounderone’sleadershiptracebacktopointoutinchargeofcomedownaboveallvirtualrealitywearabletechinadditionneversaynevernaturalselectionfieldresearch\n词汇拓展1.severeadj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的→adv.严重地;严厉地2.frustratedadj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的→vt.使沮丧;挫败→adj.令人懊恼的→n.懊恼;沮丧3.infectionn.感染;传染→vt.使感染;传染→adj.带菌的;感染病菌的4.subscribevi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费)→n.订购;订阅5.suspectvt.&vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象→n.怀疑→adj.可疑的severelyfrustratefrustratingfrustrationinfectinfectedsubscriptionsuspicionsuspicious\n6.pureadj.干净的;纯的;纯粹的→n.纯洁;纯净;纯粹→adj.不纯的;有杂质的7.transformvt.使改观;使改变形态vi.改变;转变→n.改观;改革8.initialadj.最初的;开始的;第一的→adv.最初;起初9.defendvt.保卫;防守;辩解→n.防御10.assistantn.助理;助手→n.帮助;援助→vt.帮助;援助11.leadershipn.领导;领导地位;领导才能→n.领袖12.giftedadj.有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的→n.天才;天赋13.faultn.弱点;过错→adj.有缺陷的;不完美的purityimpuretransformationinitiallydefenceassistanceassistleadergiftfaulty\n词汇应用用适当的单词或短语填空1.Thisillnesscauses(严重的)diarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeath.2.(大体上),doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.3.Theotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyan(感染)fromgermsinfoodorwater.4.Snow(赞成)thesecondtheory.severeIngeneralinfectionsubscribedto\n5.Therewere(数量多的)deathsnearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40).6.Throughthis(干预),thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.7.Thepeoplewhodrankthiswaterweremuchmorelikelytogetcholerathanthosewhodrank(纯净的)orboiledwater.8.ThroughSnow’stirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantial(下降).9.Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics,Snow(改变)thewayscientistsstudydiseases.multipleinterventionpuredecreasetransformed\n10.UnderQian’s(领导),ChinadevelopedtheDongfengmissiles,followedbythefirstgenerationofLongMarchrockets.11.However,whatmighthavemadehimsuchan(杰出的)andcreativescientistwasprobablyhisstronginterestinotherthings,suchasmusicanddrawing.12.StephenHawkingwasoneofthemostfamousand(有天赋的)scientistsinphysics.13.Sincehecamedownwithadiseasewhichcausedhimtolosetheuseofmostofhismuscles,hisworldbecameoneof(抽象的)thought.leadershipoutstandinggiftedabstract\n主题语篇\n考点浅析1.Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。【提炼】sthbetoblame【浅析】sthbetoblame意为“某物该受责备;某物该承担责任”,该搭配用主动形式表示被动含义。表达“因某事责备某人”用短语:blamesbforsth或blamesthonsb。【仿写】(1)这次交通事故的责任在出租车司机。(2)你不该怪他打碎了花瓶。Thetaxidriverwastoblameforthetrafficaccident.Youshouldn’tblamehimforbreakingthevase.\n2.PerhapsnootherscientisthashadagreaterimpactonChina’saerospacesciencethanQianXuesen.也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。【提炼】比较级表示最高级的含义【浅析】英语中常用比较级表示最高级的含义,意为“没有比……更……的了”。【仿写】(1)你找不到一位比她更合适的保姆了。(2)世界上没有哪一个人比你的父母更关心你了。Youcannotfindamoresuitablebabysitterthanher.Nootherpersoncaresmoreaboutyouthanyourparentsintheworld.\n3.Nevertheless,Qiandidnotletthatdiscouragehimfromtakingonthechallenge.然而钱学森并不气馁,而是接受挑战。【提炼】discouragesbfromdoingsth【浅析】discouragesbfromdoingsth为固定搭配,意为“使某人没有勇气干某事”,结构相同的短语还有disablesbfromdoingsth,其意为“使某人没有能力干某事”。它们的反义短语是:encouragesbtodosth(鼓励某人干某事)和enablesbtodosth(使某人能够干某事)。【仿写】(1)连续的失败使他失去了继续实验的勇气。(2)流畅的英语使她在求职面试中脱颖而出。Repeatedfailuresdiscouragedhimfromcarryingonwiththeexperiment.FluentEnglishenabledhertostandoutinthejobinterview.\n语篇再现Passage1Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeared1.(disease)intheworlduntilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showed2.itcouldbeovercome.diseaseshow\n3.general,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheories4.(explain)howcholeraspread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Theotherwasthatcholerawascausedby5.infectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribed6.thesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.7._________________(consequent),whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassosevere8.morethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindout9..IntoexplainantoConsequentlythatwhy\nThroughSnow’s10.(tire)efforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics,Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.Forthisreason,Snowisconsideredthefatherofmodernepidemiology.tireless\nPassage21.Qian’sleadership,ChinadevelopedtheDongfengmissiles,2.(follow)bythefirstgenerationofLongMarchrockets.In1970,China3.(success)launcheditsfirstman-madesatellite,DongFangHongⅠ,fromaLongMarchrocket.BecausemuchofthetechnologybehindtheShenzhourocketscanalsobetraced4.toQian’sresearch,Qianearnedthenameof“thefatherofChina’saerospace”.Underfollowedsuccessfullyback\nQianreadalotandwasextremely5.(knowledge),especiallyintheareaoffrontierscienceresearch.However,6.mighthavemadehimsuch7.outstandingandcreativescientistwasprobablyhisstronginterestinotherthings,suchasmusicanddrawing.Hisdeepappreciationforartoftengavehim8.(inspire)inhisscientificresearch.On31,October2009,thewholecountry9.(sadden)byQian’sdeath,andpeoplehonouredandrememberedhim10.differentways.knowledgeablewhataninspirationwassaddenedin\n主题写作\n写作指导该写作主题是写一写伟大科学家的必备素养(Writeabouttheessentialqualitiesofagreatscientist),属于人物简介的记叙文。这类文章一般通过具体事例展示人物的伟大品质。写作中,可适当使用同位语、非谓语动词、定语从句等为文章增彩。\n主题佳句1.Nevertheless,Qiandidnotletthatdiscouragehimfromtakingonthechallenge.然而,钱学森并不气馁,而是接受挑战。2.BecausemuchofthetechnologybehindtheShenzhourocketscanalsobetracedbacktoQian’sresearch,Qianearnedthenameof“thefatherofChina’saerospace”.由于“神舟”系列火箭的大部分技术也可追根溯源到钱学森的研究,因此钱学森被誉为“中国航天之父”。\n3.Qianreadalotandwasextremelyknowledgeable,especiallyintheareaoffrontierscienceresearch.钱学森博览群书,尤其在前沿科学研究领域知识极其渊博。4.However,whatmighthavemadehimsuchanoutstandingandcreativescientistwasprobablyhisstronginterestinotherthings,suchasmusicanddrawing.然而,他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家,可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。\n5.So,whatmadeStephenHawkingagenius?Besidesbeingbrilliant,hewasbrave,thoughsometimescarelessinwhathesaidordid.那么,是什么使史蒂芬·霍金成为一名天才呢?除了才华横溢外,他还是一个勇敢的人,尽管有时候言行举止比较随意。6.Hewaswillingtosaywhatotherswereafraidtosay,andtodreamofwhatotherswereafraidtodreamabout.他敢说别人不敢说的话,做别人不敢做的梦。7.Furthermore,hewasquitedetermined.此外,他意志坚定。8.Aboveall,Hawkingwaswillingtoadmithisfaults.最重要的是,霍金敢于承认错误。\n写作训练请根据下面的要点提示,对钟南山院士做简单介绍,写一篇80词左右的英语短文。1.钟南山院士是中国呼吸道传染预防的领袖人物;2.2003年SARS爆发时,不顾个人安危寻找治疗方案,救死扶伤;3.2019年新冠肺炎在武汉爆发期间,再次挺身而出,成为中国人民的精神支柱。\n范文展示ZhongNanshanhasbeenaleadingfigureinthepreventionofrespiratoryinfectiousdiseasesinChina.In2003,withtheoutbreakofSARS,peoplefellintopanicinthefaceofunknownviruses.ZhongNanshanwascalmandfearless.Hehealedthewoundedandrescuedthedyingregardlessofhisownliferisk.In2019,theCOVID-19brokeoutinWuhan.ZhongNanshan,ataseniorageof84,movedallChinesepeoplebyfightingagainstthevirusinthefirstlineofbattletofindacuretoovercomethevirus.ZhongNanshanhasbeenworkinginthemedicalfieldforover60yearsandisrespectedbyallpeopleinChina,becomingthemoralsupportoftheChinesepeople.\n范文点评本文通过两个事例对钟南山院士做了简介,文章使用了fallintopanic,regardlessof等固定短语。动词-ing形式becomingthemoralsupportoftheChinesepeople用作结果状语。整篇文章语言通顺,行文流畅。