2022外研版英语大一轮复习练习必修一Module 5 A Lesson in a Lab（附解析）

课后双卷·练透提能得分点A卷　单元语基巩固卷Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Iusedtogo(go)tothecinema，butInevergetthetimenow.2．Tolivealongandhealthylife，wemustlearntohaveabalanced(balance)diet.3．Hesaidthatthesemeasureswereaimed(aim)athelpingthepoor.4．Theteacheristeachingthestudentshowtoexpandasentenceintoaparagraph.5．Itisimportanttopay(pay)yourelectricitybillontime，aslatepaymentsmayaffectyourcredit.6．Themessageisveryimportant，soitissupposedtobesent(send)assoonaspossible.7．ThemoreyoupractisespeakingEnglish，thegreater(great)progressyou'llmakeinit.8．Thebabyboyisatthestagewherehecanonlysayafewsimplewordsbutnotyetfullsentences.9．You'dsoundalotmorepoliteifyoumakearequestintheformofaquestion.10．Weareproudofourachievementsandhopefulforthefuture.Ⅱ.选词填空atthetopof;beproudof;besupposedto;put...inorder;usedtoMyroom1.usedtobeinamess，whichgreatlybotheredmymother.Onedayshewassoangrythatsheshouted2.atthetopofhervoice，“Youwillneverbeorganisedifyourroomgoonlikethis.”Atherwords，IrealizedI3.wassupposedtochangemyhabits.Fromthenon，Ihavemadeitaruleto4.puteverythinginorder.Seeingmycleanroom，mymother5.isproudofme.intheareaof;findout;add...to...;keep...outof;goahead;reactwithTom，whoisinterestedinchemistry，aimstomakeabreakthrough6.intheareaofit.Yesterday，toseeifiron7.reactswithairfreewater，he8.addedsomeoiltothewater，whichcouldhelp9.keepairoutofthewater.Intheend，hedrewaconclusionthatirondoesnotrustinairfreewater.To10.findoutmorescientifictruth，hewill11.goaheadwithseveralotherexperimentsinthefollowingdays.Ⅲ.完成句子1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)你不应该把筷子插进食物里。相反，把它们放在你的盘子上是一个明智的选择。,Youarenotsupposedtostickyourchopsticksintoyourfood．Instead，layingthemonyourdishisasmartchoice.2．我相信这次旅行会大大增加我们的知识。Thetrip，Ibelieve，willaddgreatlytoourknowledge．3．问题越难，他回答出来的可能性就越小。Themoredifficultthequestionsare，thelesslikelyheisabletoanswerthem.4．对你来说，通晓中国文化是必要的。It'snecessaryforyoutohaveagoodknowledgeofChineseculture.5．这是你今天早上要的文件。Hereisthedocumentyouaskedforthismorning.Ⅳ.片段写作——用本单元知识完成小作文完成片段作文词汇句式升级　　①Firstofall，tosetaspecificaim(确定具体的目标)isnecessaryanduseful.Itisbecauseonlywhenyouhaveaspecificaimcanyoustudymoreefficiently.Besides，weshouldformgoodlearninghabits(养成好的学习习惯)，whichcancontributetobetteracademicperformance.Forexample，makingfulluseoftime(充分利用时间)isoneofthebesthabits.Besides，itisequallyimportantforustokeepabalancebetweenstudyandproperrelaxation(在学习和适当放松之间保持平衡).②Inaword，ifourlearningmethodsaremorescientific，wewillperformbetterinexams.1.用本单元高级词汇替换加黑单词或短语(1)Besides→Inaddition(2)should→aresupposedto(3)Inaword→Inconclusion2．按要求改写句式(1)用it作形式主语升级句①Firstofall，itisnecessaryandusefultosetaspecific.(2)用“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”升级句②Inconclusion，themorescientificourlearningmethodsare，thebetterwewillperforminexams.B卷　高考题型组合卷　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Ⅰ.阅读理解A,语篇类型记叙文主题语境人与社会——爱心故事——帮助无家可归者过冬的无私女士(2020·福建省高三质检)Lifeonthestreetisaconstantstruggleforhomelesspeople.Intimesofextremeweatherconditions，thatstrugglebecomesevenmoredifficult.Recently，homelesspeopleacrossChicagofacedfreezingtodeathiftheycouldn'tfindshelterforthenight.Thankfully，onelocalwomanrefusedtoletthathappen.OnJanuary30，2018，34yearoldCandicePayne，alocalmanagingbroker，wasluckyenoughtohaveshelterfromthedangerousconditions.“Itwas－20℃，andIknewtheyweregoingtobesleepingoniceandIhadtodosomething，”saidPayne.Paynestartedbrainstormingdifferentwaysshecouldpossiblyhelp.Finally，shedecidedtoseeiftherewereanyroomsavailableatlocalinnsandhotelsthatshecouldgettohelpthosestuckonthestreet.ForPayne，hermissionwaspersonal.AccordingtoPayne，herhusband，CarlosCallahan，hadlivedonthestreetsatonepointinhislife.Basedonhisexperiences，Payneknewthatthehomelesspeoplestilloutonthestreetdesperatelyneededhelpandthatifshedidn'tstepuptohelp，noonelikelywould.However，whenPayneexplainedwhatshewastryingtodo，manyofthelocalhotelsrefusedtoallowhertopayfortheroomsastheydidn'twanthomelesspeopletostayintheirrooms.“Noonewantedthem，butonehotel，theAmberInn，wasniceenoughtoallowmetobuytherooms，”saidPayne.Payne'sselflessactmadenewsacrossthecountry.However，sheinsistedshehadneverdoneitforattention.“Iamaregularperson，”saidPayne，whospentthousandsofdollarsofherownmoneytohelpcompletestrangers.“Itallsoundedlikearichpersondidthis，butI'mjustalittleblackgirlfromtheSouthSide.”文章大意：本文主要讲述了一位普通的芝加哥女士受到她的丈夫的经历的触动，为防止无家可归者在大街上被冻死，决定为他们订旅馆的房间；她的无私善举传遍全国。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph2referto?A．Localslivingonthestreet.B．Thehomelessfreezingtodeath.,C．Theextremeweather.D．Theshelterforthehomeless.解析：B　考查代词指代。根据第一段尾句“Recently，homelesspeopleacrossChicagofacedfreezingtodeathiftheycouldn'tfindshelterforthenight.”可知，最近，芝加哥各地的无家可归者如果找不到过夜的地方，就会被冻死。结合画线词所在句可知，幸好，一位当地的女士拒绝让此发生。据此可推知，画线词that指代“Thehomelessfreezingtodeath”。2．HowdidCandicePaynehelpthehomelesspeople?A．Bydrawingpublicattention.B．Bygivingthemmoneydirectly.C．Bytakingthemtoherownhouse.D．Bybuyinghotelroomsforthem.解析：D　考查细节理解。根据第三段尾句“Finally，shedecidedtoseeiftherewereanyroomsavailableatlocalinnsandhotelsthatshecouldgettohelpthosestuckonthestreet.”可知，CandicePayne最终决定为这些无家可归者订旅馆的房间以免他们被冻死，故D项正确。3．WhatmaycontributetoPayne'sniceact?A．Herhusband'spastexperiences.B．Therequestsfromthehomeless.C．Herdesiretobecomefamous.D．Thecoldnessoflocalhotels.解析：A　考查细节理解。根据第四段第二、三句“AccordingtoPayne，herhusband，CarlosCallahan，hadlivedonthestreetsatonepointinhislife.Basedonhisexperiences，Payneknewthatthehomelesspeoplestilloutonthestreetdesperatelyneededhelpandthatifshedidn'tstepuptohelp，noonelikelywould.”可知，由于受到她的丈夫无家可归的经历的触动，她决定帮助这些无家可归的人，故A项正确。4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ABlackFighterChangestheWorldB．AWoman'sCuriosityBringsaRewardC．ARegularWomanMakesaDifferenceD．ACouple'sBraveActMovestheCountry解析：C　考查标题判断。根据第二段第一句“Thankfully，onelocalwomanrefusedtoletthat,happen.”和尾段最后两句并结合全文其他内容可知，本文主要讲述了一位普通的芝加哥女士受到她的丈夫的经历的触动，为防止无家可归者在大街上被冻死，决定为他们订旅馆的房间；她的无私善举传遍全国。故C项“一位普通女士的影响”最适合作本文的标题。B语篇类型说明文主题语境人与社会——科技——3D打印的有血管的心脏　　(2020·陕西省部分学校第一学期摸底检测)Inamajormedicalbreakthrough，TelAvivUniversityresearchershave“printed”theworld'sfirst3Dvascularized(血管化的)engineeredheartusingapatient'sowncellsandbiologicalmaterials.TheirfindingswerepublishedonApril15inastudyinAdvancedScience.“Thisisthefirsttimeanyoneanywherehassuccessfullyengineeredandprintedanentireheart，”saysProf.TalDvirofDepartmentofMaterialsScienceandEngineering，wholedtheresearchforthestudy.“Thisheartismadefromhumancellsandpatientspecificbiologicalmaterials.Inourprocess，thesematerialsserveasthebioinks，somethingmadeofsugarsandproteinsthatcanbeusedfor3Dprintingofcomplextissuemodels，”Prof.Dvirsays.“Peoplemanagedto3Dprintthestructureofaheartinthepast，butnotwithcellsorwithbloodvessels.Ourresultsdemonstratethepotentialofourapproachforengineeringpersonalizedtissueandorganreplacementinthefuture.”AccordingtoProf.Dvir，theuseof“native”patientspecificmaterialsisimportanttosuccessfullyengineeringtissuesandorgans.Theresearchersarenowplanningonculturingtheprintedheartsinthelaband“teachingthemtobehave”likehearts，Prof.Dvirsays.Theythenplantotransplantthe3Dprintedheartintoanimalmodels.“Weneedtodeveloptheprintedheartfurther，”heconcludes.“Thecellsneedtoformapumpingability;theycancurrentlycontract(收缩)，butweneedthemtoworktogether.Ourhopeisthatwewillsucceedandproveourmethod'sefficacy(功效)andusefulness.Maybe，intenyears，therewillbeorganprintersinthefinesthospitalsaroundtheworld，andtheseprocedureswillbeconductedroutinely.”文章大意：特拉维夫大学的研究人员使用病人自己的细胞和生物材料3D打印出了世界上,第一颗有血管的心脏，这是一项重大的医学突破。5．WhatdoesProf.Dvirthinkofanearly3Dprintedheart?A．Itwashighlypractical.　B．Itwastooexpensive.C．Itwaspersonalized.　　　D．Itwastoosimple.解析：D　考查推理判断。根据第二段倒数第二句Dvir教授所说的话“Peoplemanagedto3Dprintthestructureofaheartinthepast，butnotwithcellsorwithbloodvessels.”可知，在过去，人们设法3D打印出了心脏的结构，但没有细胞或血管。据此可推知，Dvir教授认为过去3D打印的心脏很简单，故D项正确。6．Whatdoweknowaboutthelatest3Dprintedheart?A．Itcanbeculturedinthelab.B．Itcanmatchapatientperfectly.C．Ithasbeentransplantedintoanimals.D．Ithasbeenwidelyusedinhospitals.解析：A　考查细节理解。根据第四段第一句“Theresearchersarenowplanningonculturingtheprintedheartsinthelaband‘teachingthemtobehave’likehearts,Prof.Dvirsays.”可知，研究人员目前正计划在实验室中培养这些打印出来的心脏，并“教它们像心脏一样运动”，据此可知，最新的3D打印心脏可以在实验室中培养，故A项正确。7．WhatisProf.Dvir'sattitudetothedevelopmentoftheprintedheart?A．Ambiguous.　　　B．Positive.C．Disapproving.　　　D．Cautious.解析：B　考查观点态度。根据最后一段中Dvir教授所说的话“Maybe，intenyears，therewillbeorganprintersinthefinesthospitalsaroundtheworld，andtheseprocedureswillbeconductedroutinely.”可知，可能在十年后，世界上一些最好的医院将会有器官打印机；据此可推知，Dvir教授对打印心脏的发展持乐观的态度，故B项正确。8．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Toexplainthebasicprincipleof3Dtechnology.B．Tointroduceabreakthroughofmedicalresearch.C．Todoubtthemedicalvalueofanewinvention.D．Toprovetheeffectivenessofthenewtechnology.解析：B　考查写作意图。根据文章第一段第一句并结合文章其他内容可知，文章主要介,绍了一项医学突破：特拉维夫大学的研究人员利用病人自己的细胞和生物材料3D打印出了世界上第一颗有血管的心脏。故B项正确。【熟词生义】　culture(Para.4)常用义：n.文化例句：Shehasstudiedtheculturesofmanycountries.她研究过许多国家的文化。文章义：v.培养例句：Toconfirmthediagnosis，thehospitallaboratorymustcultureacolonyofbacteria.为进一步确诊，医院实验室必须培养一个细菌菌落。Ⅱ.完形填空语篇类型记叙文主题语境人与自我——个人经历——发现生活的真谛(2020·开封市高三模拟)Whenourrestaurantbusinessfailed，weheadednorthinacampingtrucktoTexas，hopingtohavea“freshstart”．Atthe1ofPaloDuroCanyon(峡谷)StatePark，I2ajobadvertisementhiringparkhosts.Thepositionoffereda3，permanentcampsiteintheparkand4，thehostsservedasalinkbetweenthepark'sguestsandtherangers(护林人).Itwastheperfectsolution：arentfreeplacetoreorganizeourlives.WeenteredtheparkandImadean5forthefollowingday.Theparkwas6，soittookussometimetofindanavailablesite.Thatevening，aswefinishedourdinner，mywifesawtwolargeskunks(臭鼬)walkingtowardourtable.We7climbedontothetableand，forthenextfourhours，waitedforthemto8ourcamp.Havingsurvivedthatnight，wewere9thateverythingelsewouldbeallright.Thenextdaywemetwiththepeoplewhoranthepark.Theyexplainedour10andgaveusabeautifulcampsite.Thatevening，11，welearnedaboutthecanyon12．Theywerestrongandcold，rockingourlittlecampingtruckviolently，andwelay13inthedarkuntilthewindsdiedaway.14theweeksthatfollowed，welearnedtosurviveinourtruck.Andwemanagedto15thelittlemoneymywife16bysubstituteteaching.Buildingasuccessfulbusinessandthenlosingithadleftverylittletimeforbuildingasuccessful17．Foratimeafterourbusiness18IthoughtImightlosemyfamilyaswell.Livinginthetiny19withnotelevision，wesatclosetogetherreadingandtalking.One,evening，standingunderajeweledsky，Ifoundmyself20forallthehardships.Wehadwalkedthetrailsandclimbedthecanyonwalls.Wehadbecomeafamily!文章大意：餐馆生意失败后作者和妻子一起去了得克萨斯州。作者在帕罗杜洛峡谷州立公园的入口处，看到了招聘公园管理人员的广告。作者因为这个岗位能提供免费的野营地而去参加应聘。然后他与妻子一起在野营卡车里过了几周的艰苦生活，但是这样的生活使作者能够和妻子紧靠在一起阅读和谈话。最终，作者不仅对所经历的磨难充满感激，而且回归了家庭，并最终爱上峡谷公园的一切。1．A.back　　　　　　　　　B．edgeC．centre　　　D．entrance解析：D　招聘广告一般都贴在入口处。edge“边缘”；entrance“入口”。2．A.sponsored　　　B．publishedC．noticed　　　D．answered解析：C　作者注意到一则招聘公园管理人员的广告。sponsor“赞助”；publish“出版”。3．A.safe　　　B．freeC．convenient　　　D．beautiful解析：B　根据下文中的“arentfreeplace”可知，这个岗位提供一个免费的、永久性的营地。4．A.inreturn　　　B．intimeC．inshort　　　D．inturn解析：A　根据空前表述这个岗位提供永久性的营地和空后的这个岗位的职责并结合选项可知，此处应是作为回报，这些被招聘来的管理人员在公园游客和护林人员之间起联系作用。inreturn“作为回报”；intime“及时”；inshort“总而言之”；inturn“轮流，转而”。5．A.attempt　　　B．agreementC．appeal　　　D．appointment解析：D　根据第10空前一句“Thenextdaywemetwiththepeoplewhoranthepark.”可知，此处是作者与招聘人员约好第二天见面。attempt“尝试，企图”；agreement“同意，协议”；appeal“呼吁，吸引力”；appointment“预约，约会，约定”。6．A.crowded　　　B．dangerousC．ideal　　　D．quiet解析：A　根据空后的“soittookussometimetofindanavailablesite”可知，,作者花了一些时间才找到可用的位置，故可反推出：公园是十分拥挤的。crowded“拥挤的”；ideal“理想的”。7．A.repeatedly　　　B．immediatelyC．eventually　　　D．calmly解析：B　根据语境可知，看到两只臭鼬爬过来，作者和妻子立即爬到桌子上。repeatedly“反复地”。8．A.attack　　　B．leaveC．pass　　　D．search解析：B　根据该句中的“waitedforthem”和语境可知，此处表示作者和妻子等着臭鼬离开。9．A.satisfied　　　B．determinedC．confident　　　D．aware解析：C　根据空处前后的内容可知，那一夜他们有惊无险地度过了，所以此处作者很自信其他一切都会好起来的。satisfied“满意的”；determined“有决心的”；aware“知道的，意识到的”。10．A.responsibilities　　　B．requirementsC．circumstances　　　D．conditions解析：A　根据空前一句可知，作者与招聘人员见了面，招聘人员肯定要向作者说明作者他们的工作职责。requirement“要求”；circumstance“情况，情形”。11．A.moreover　　　B．thereforeC．meanwhile　　　D．however解析：D　根据第13空后的“winds”可知，此处表达的是，那天夜里他们遭遇到了峡谷狂风。与上文他们自信地认为一切都会好起来形成转折，故用however“但是，然而”。moreover“此外，而且”。12．A.winds　　　B．snowsC．woods　　　D．trails解析：A　参见上题解析。13．A.shaking　　　B．quarrellingC．mourning　　　D．aching解析：A　根据空前一句“Theywerestrongandcold，rockingourlittlecampingtruckviolently”可知，狂风摇动着野营车，作者和妻子也随之摇动直到狂风渐息。shake“摇动”；quarrel“,争吵”；mourn“哀悼，忧伤”；ache“疼痛”。14．A.After　　　B．BetweenC．During　　　D．Beyond解析：C　根据语境可知，在接下来的几周时间里，作者和妻子学会了在卡车中生存并设法依靠妻子临时代课挣来的少量的钱生活。15．A.giveaway　　　B．handoutC．liveon　　　D．putaside解析：C　参见上题解析。giveaway“赠送，泄露”；handout“分发”；liveon“依靠……生活”；putaside“忽视，储存”。16．A.borrowed　　　B．earnedC．posted　　　D．raised解析：B　参见第14题解析。post“邮寄，张贴”；raise“举起，筹集”。17．A.business　　　B．careerC．family　　　D．image解析：C　根据下文中的“Imightlosemyfamilyaswell”可知，此处表达的是开了一个成功的店，然后又失去了它，(这一过程)使得作者很少有时间建立一个成功的家庭，故选C。18．A.started　　　B．failedC．expanded　　　D．declined解析：B　根据第一段第一句中的“Whenourrestaurantbusinessfailed”可知，此处是生意失败后的一段时间内，作者认为自己连家也可能失去。fail“失败”；expand“扩大”；decline“下降，拒绝”。19．A.truck　　　B．parkC．house　　　D．camp解析：A　根据上文中的“surviveinourtruck”可知，此处表示作者夫妻俩生活在无电视的狭小的野营车内。20．A.desperate　　　B．readyC．suitable　　　D．thankful解析：D　根据本段最后一句“Wehadbecomeafamily”和空前的“ajeweledsky”可知，此处应是作者对过去的磨难充满了感激。desperate“绝望的”；suitable“适合的”；thankful“感激的”。,【词汇积累】　availableadj.可获得的；可用的　solutionn．解决办法　rentfreeadj.免租金的　reorganizev．重新安排　rockv．剧烈摇摆　dieaway慢慢变弱