福建省厦门市2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期末试题（Word版附解析）

厦门市2022-2023学年第二学期高一年级质量检测英语试题本试卷分五部分，共12页。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的学校、班级、姓名、座号、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将答题卡交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whatwillthemanbuy?A.Pencils.B.Anice-cream.C.Ashirt.2.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Havelunchwiththeman.B.SendanemailtoJohn.C.Checkthereport.3.Whathappenedtotheman?A.Hegotwetintherain.B.Helosthisumbrella.C.Hemissedthebus.4.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Atagasstation.B.Ontheroad.C.Atarepairshop.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Pictures.B.Acamera.C.Holidaydestinations.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Wherewillthemangethisluggage?A.InShanghai.B.InNewYork.C.InSeattle.7.Whichgateshouldthemangoto?A.Gate15.B.Gate20.C.Gate26.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Strangers.C.Schoolmates.9.Whenwillthemangotothewoman’s?A.ThisSaturdayafternoon.B.ThisSundayafternoon.C.NextSundayevening.10.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Practicedancing.B.Gotoaparty.C.Prepareforanexam.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatdidthewoman’sfatherdoforher?A.Heboughtherapiano.B.Hetoldherhistorystories.C.Hegothersomedocumentaries.12.Whatdidthewoman’sgrandpabuyforher?A.Pianolessons.B.Historybooks.C.Educationalbooks.13.Whatchangedthewoman’smother’smind?AAstory.B.Abook.C.Adiary.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.HowmanypointsdidJaymesscore?A.10points.B.35points.C.45points.15.Whatdoesthewomansuggestdoinginthefreetime?A.Watchingbasketballgames.B.Exploringgoodplaces.C.Practicingbasketball. 16.Wherewillthespeakersmeet?A.Intheman’shouse.B.Bythelake.C.Atthepark.17.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.OnThursday.B.OnFriday.C.OnSaturday.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.WhatdidthespeakerdoafterhertriptoScotland?A.Shevisitedapark.B.Shetouredacastle.C.Shejoinedagroup.19.Howdoesthehotelprotecttheenvironment?A.Itoffersreusableproducts.B.Itprovidescheapequipment.C.Itsuggestsshoweringforlesstime.20.Whatwasfreeinthefestival?A.Takingtaxis.B.Ridingbuses.C.Rentingbikes.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AJoinSandraOddoasshesharesavarietyoftipsandskillsformakingwineathomeusingelderflowersandelderberries.ItemsElderflowerWineRecipe(食谱)ElderberryWineRecipeIngredients●Elderflowers(atleastonequart);●1gallonofboilingwaterperquartofflowers;●2to2-1/2poundsofsugarpergallonofliquid;●2lemonspergallon,juiced;●1packetofdrywineyeast(酵母)per5gallonsofliquid.●Elderberries(atleast2gallons);●1gallonofboilingwaterper2gallonsofberries;●3-1/2to4poundsofsugarpergallonofboiled-downliquid;●1packetofdrywineyeastper5gallonsofliquid. Instructions●Cutaquartofflowersfromthestems;●Pouragallonofboilingwaterovertheflowers;●Lettheteasoakthreeorfourdayswiththeflowerspresseddownundertheliquid(theyturnbrownandruinthecolorofthedrinkifthey’releftintheair);●Strainoffthefluidandheatsomeofittodissolve2to2-1/2poundsofsugarpergallon;●Addthejuiceof2lemonspergallonalongwithyeast;●Letthemixtureworkinacontainerwithanairlock.●Picknicefatberriesabouttwodaysahead,removethemfromthestemsandsmashupthefruit:●Pourboilingwateroverthemixture,soakingforaboutaweek;●Keepthecontainercoveredwithatoweltoprotecttheworking“must”fromdustandtheoddyeastfloatingaroundintheair;●Strainoffandsavethejuiceandmix3-1/2to4poundsofsugarintoeachgallonoftheliquid.1.WhatisadifferentingredientwhenwearemakingElderflowerWineandElderberryWine?A.Water.B.Lemon.C.Sugar.D.Yeast.2.WhatisimportanttothenicecoloroftheElderflowerWine?A.Cuttingflowersfromthestems.B.Pouringboilingwateroverflowers.C.Pressingflowersdownundertheliquid.D.Addinganamountofsugartotheliquid.3.Whatisthetext?A.Arecipe.B.Asciencereport.C.Awinelist.D.Aflowerad.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【导语】本文为一篇应用文。文章介绍了SandraOddo用接骨木花和接骨木果在家里酿酒的技巧和技巧。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据表格Ingredients栏目中ElderflowerWine的成分为“1gallonofboilingwaterperquartofflowers;2to2-1/2poundsofsugarpergallonofliquid;2lemonspergallon,juiced;1packetofdrywineyeast(酵母)per5gallonsofliquid.”(每夸脱花加1加仑沸水；每加仑液体含2到2.5磅糖；每加仑2个柠檬，榨汁；每5加仑液体1包干葡萄酒酵母。)ElderberryWine的成分为“1gallonofboilingwaterper2gallonsofberries;3-1/2to4poundsofsugarpergallonofboiled-downliquid;1packetofdrywineyeastper5gallonsofliquid.”(每2加仑浆果需要1加仑沸水；每加仑煮沸的液体加3-1/2到4磅糖；每5加仑液体1包干葡萄酒酵母。)可 知，不同的成分为柠檬。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据表格中ElderflowerWine的说明“Lettheteasoakthreeorfourdayswiththeflowerspresseddownundertheliquid(theyturnbrownandruinthecolorofthedrinkifthey’releftintheair)”(让茶叶浸泡三到四天，花被压在液体下面(如果它们留在空气中，它们会变成棕色，破坏饮料的颜色))可知，花被挤压在液体下面可以使得接骨木花酒的颜色鲜艳。故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“JoinSandraOddoasshesharesavarietyoftipsandskillsformakingwineathomeusingelderflowersandelderberries.”(和SandraOddo一起分享用接骨木花和接骨木果在家里酿酒的技巧和技巧。)可知，本文主要是介绍怎么酿酒的，所以本文为食谱类文章。故选A。BRobertSansone,thewinnerofthe2022GeorgeD.YancopoulosInnovatorAward,isanaturalbornengineer.Fromrobotichandstohigh-speedrunningboots,Sansonehasworkedonatleastsixtyengineeringprojectstodateinhissparetime.Andhe’sonly17yearsold.Acoupleyearsago,Sansonecameacrossavideoabouttheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofelectriccars.Itexplainsthatmostelectriccarenginesuserare-earthelements,whicharecostly,bothfinanciallyandenvironmentally.Infact,1kgoftherare-earthmaterialsinquestioncancostuptoseveralhundreddollars.Withthatsustainabilityissue,hewantedtosolveit,sohetriedanddesignedadifferentmotor(发动机).Hisnewmotor,ontheotherhand,usescopper,whichcostsaround$8for1kg.Thehighschoolerhadheardofatypeofelectricmotor—theSynchronousReluctanceMotor(SRM同步磁阻电动机)—thatdoesn’tusetheserare-earthmaterials.Thiskindofmotoriscurrentlyusedforpumpsandfans,butitisn’tpowerfulenoughbyitselftobeusedinanelectricvehicle.So,Sansonestartedbrainstormingwayshecouldimproveitsperformance.ForoverayearSansoneworkedonthemotor.Itneededtobemoreefficientandhavemorerotational(旋转)force.Thenewmotorwasmadefrom3-Dprintedplastic,copperwiresandasteelrotorandtestedusingavarietyofmeterstomeasurepower.Sansoneisnowworkingonversion16ofhismotor,whichheplanstobuildoutofstrongermaterialssohecantestitathigherrevolutionsperminute.Asarisingsenior,SansonehasdreamedofattendingMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT).Hiswinningsfromcompetitionswillgotowardcollegetuition.Ifhismotorcontinuestoperformwithhighspeedandefficiency,hesayshe’llmoveforwardandcooperatewithcarcompanies.Hehopesthatonedayhismotorwillbethedesignofchoiceforelectricvehicles. 4.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingparagraph2?A.Toexplaintheuseofelectriccarengines.B.Tostressthecostoftherare-earthmaterials.C.Tointroduceavideoofpreviouselectriccars.D.ToshowSansone’sinspirationforhisnewmotor.5.WhichaspectdoesSansonemainlywanttoimproveinSRM?A.Itscost.B.Itssize.C.Itspower.D.Itsweight.6.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.HeisstudyingintheMIT.B.Heaimshighforhismotor.C.Hehasstartedamotorcompany.D.Hewillenteranewcompetition.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesRobertSansone?A.Giftedanddetermined.B.Caringandoutgoing.C.Humorousandenergetic.D.Generousandhard-working.【答案】4D5.C6.B7.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了Sansone发明设计一款不同的发动机的励志故事。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Acoupleyearsago,Sansonecameacrossavideoabouttheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofelectriccars.Itexplainsthatmostelectriccarenginesuserare-earthelements,whicharecostly,bothfinanciallyandenvironmentally.Infact,1kgoftherare-earthmaterialsinquestioncancostuptoseveralhundreddollars.Withthatsustainabilityissue,hewantedtosolveit,sohetriedanddesignedadifferentmotor(发动机).”（几年前，Sansone偶然发现了一段关于电动汽车优点和缺点的视频。它解释说，大多数电动汽车发动机都使用稀土元素，这在经济和环境方面都很昂贵。事实上，1公斤有问题的稀土材料的价格可能高达数百美元。对于可持续性问题，他想解决它，所以他尝试并设计了一种不同的电机）可知，作者写第二段的目的是展示Sansone的新发动机的灵感。故选D项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Thiskindofmotoriscurrentlyusedforpumpsandfans,butitisn’tpowerfulenoughbyitselftobeusedinanelectricvehicle.So,Sansonestartedbrainstormingwayshecouldimproveitsperformance.”（这种电机目前用于泵和风扇，但它本身不够强大，无法用于电动汽车。因此，Sansone开始集思广益，想办法提高它的性能。）可知，在SRM中，Sansone主要想要改进的是动力。故选C项。 【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ifhismotorcontinuestoperformwithhighspeedandefficiency,hesayshe’llmoveforwardandcooperatewithcarcompanies.Hehopesthatonedayhismotorwillbethedesignofchoiceforelectricvehicles.”（他说，如果他的发动机继续保持高速和高效率，他将继续与汽车公司合作。他希望有一天他的马达能成为电动汽车的首选设计。）可知，他对他的马达寄予厚望。故选B项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“isanaturalbornengineer.”（一位天生的工程师），根据第三段“Thiskindofmotoriscurrentlyusedforpumpsandfans,butitisn’tpowerfulenoughbyitselftobeusedinanelectricvehicle.So,Sansonestartedbrainstormingwayshecouldimproveitsperformance.”（这种电机目前用于泵和风扇，但它本身不够强大，无法用于电动汽车。因此，Sansone开始集思广益，想办法提高它的性能。），根据最后一段“Ifhismotorcontinuestoperformwithhighspeedandefficiency,hesayshe’llmoveforwardandcooperatewithcarcompanies.Hehopesthatonedayhismotorwillbethedesignofchoiceforelectricvehicles.”（他说，如果他的发动机继续保持高速和高效率，他将继续与汽车公司合作。他希望有一天他的马达能成为电动汽车的首选设计。）由此判断出，Sansone有天赋、有决心。故选A项。CHistoriansareoftenaskedtoexaminetheactionsofourancestorssowecanrepeattheirwisdomandavoidtheirmistakes.Butthepresentisjusttoodifferentfromthepast.ItisawasteoftimetostudyHannibal’sstrategiesintheSecondPunicWarsoastocopythemintheThirdWorldWar.Whatworkedwellincavalrybattleswillnotnecessarilybebeneficialincyberwar.Studyinghistoryaimstoloosen(松开)theholdofthepast.Ayoungcouplebuildinganewhomemayaskthearchitectforanicelawn(草坪)inthefrontyard.Whyalawn?“Becauselawnsarebeautiful,”thecouplemightexplain.Butwhydotheythinkso?TheideaofgrowingalawnattheentrancetoprivatehousesandpublicbuildingswasborninthecastlesofFrenchandEnglisharistocratsinthelateMiddleAges.Well-keptlawnsdemandedlandandalotofwork.Inexchange,theyproducednothingofvalue.Theneatgrassattheentrancetocastleswasasocialpositionsymbolnobodycouldpretendtohave.Laterthenewparliaments(议会),supremecourts,presidentialresidencesincreasinglyshowedtheirpowerinrowuponrowofneatgreengrass.Humanscametoidentifylawnswithpoliticalpower,socialpositionandeconomicwealth.Whenyounowcometoplanyourdreamhouse,youmightthinktwiceabouthavingalawninthefrontyard.Youareofcoursestillfreetodoit.Butyouarealsofreetoshakeofftheculturalcargogiventoyoubytheupperclass.Thisisthebestreasontolearnhistory:notinordertoguessthefuture,buttofreeyourselfofthepastandimaginedifferentlives.Ofcoursethisisnottotalfreedom—wecannotavoidbeingshapedbythepast.Butsome freedomisbetterthannone.8.WhydoestheauthormentionHannibalandcavalrybattlesinparagraph1?A.Toillustratewhyfuturecyberwarisdifficult.B.Tohighlighthowimportanthistoricalwarfareis.C.Toshowthatpastexperiencemaynotsuitthepresent.D.Toexplainwhatstrategieshistoricalfiguresdeveloped.9.Whatdoestheauthorbelieveistherealreasonforgrowingalawn?A.Itsconnectionwithpowerandwealth.B.Itshighmaintenancerequirements.C.ItsoriginfromEuropeancastles.D.Itsoutstandingnaturalbeauty.10.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“culturalcargo”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Culturalmistakes.B.Culturalstandards.C.Historicalbuildings.D.Historicalknowledge.11.Accordingtotheauthor,studyinghistoryisto__________.A.guesseventsinthefutureB.repeatwisedecisionsC.understandculturalchangesD.reducethecontrolfromthepast【答案】8.C9.A10.B11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究历史的目的是为了摆脱过去的束缚。这是学习历史最好的理由：不是为了猜测未来，而是为了把自己从过去中解放出来，想象不同的生活。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Historiansareoftenaskedtoexaminetheactionsofourancestorssowecanrepeattheirwisdomandavoidtheirmistakes.Butthepresentisjusttoodifferentfromthepast.ItisawasteoftimetostudyHannibal’sstrategiesintheSecondPunicWarsoastocopythemintheThirdWorldWar.Whatworkedwellincavalrybattleswillnotnecessarilybebeneficialincyberwar.Studyinghistoryaimstoloosen(松开)theholdofthepast.”（历史学家经常被要求研究我们祖先的行为，这样我们就可以重复他们的智慧，避免他们的错误。但是现在和过去太不一样了。研究汉尼拔在第二次布匿战争中的战略，以便在第三次世界大战中照搬是浪费时间的。在骑兵战中行之有效的方法在网络战中不一定有用。研究历史的目的是为了摆脱过去的束缚。）可知，作者在第一段提到了汉尼拔和骑兵的战斗是为了表明过去的经验可能不适用于现在。故选C项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Laterthenewparliaments(议会),supremecourts,presidentialresidences increasinglyshowedtheirpowerinrowuponrowofneatgreengrass.Humanscametoidentifylawnswithpoliticalpower,socialpositionandeconomicwealth.”（后来，新的议会、最高法院、总统官邸越来越多地在一排排整齐的绿草地上展示他们的权力。人类开始将草坪与政治权力、社会地位和经济财富联系起来。）可知，作者认为种植草坪的真正原因是它与权力和财富的联系。故选A项。【10题详解】词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“Whenyounowcometoplanyourdreamhouse,youmightthinktwiceabouthavingalawninthefrontyard.Youareofcoursestillfreetodoit.”（当你现在开始规划你梦想中的房子时，你可能会考虑在前院建草坪。当然，你仍然可以自由地这样做。）以及“Thisisthebestreasontolearnhistory:notinordertoguessthefuture,buttofreeyourselfofthepastandimaginedifferentlives.”（这是学习历史最好的理由：不是为了猜测未来，而是为了把自己从过去中解放出来，想象不同的生活。）可知，但你也可以自由地摆脱上层阶级给你的文化标准。故划线短语“culturalcargo”指的是文化标准。故选B项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Studyinghistoryaimstoloosen(松开)theholdofthepast.”（研究历史的目的是为了摆脱过去的束缚。）以及最后一段中“Thisisthebestreasontolearnhistory:notinordertoguessthefuture,buttofreeyourselfofthepastandimaginedifferentlives.”（这是学习历史最好的理由：不是为了猜测未来，而是为了把自己从过去中解放出来，想象不同的生活。）可推知，作者认为，学习历史是为了减少来自过去的控制。故选D项。DThefirsthibernation(冬眠)studieswithhumansubjectscouldbeworkablewithinadecade,aEuropeanSpaceAgency(ESA)researcherthinks.Suchexperimentswouldmakeitpossibleforascience-fiction-likeapproachtolong-timespacemissionsthatwouldseeastronautsplacedintoprotectivesleepforweeksormonthsontheirwaytofarawaydestinations.Experimentshaveshownthatit’spossibletocausehibernationinotherwisenon-hibernatinganimals,suchasrats,andbringthemsafelybacktolifeafewdayslater.“Theratsreceiveadrug,aneurotransmittersubstance(神经递质),andarebroughtintoadarkspacewithreducedtemperature,”JurgenBereiter-Hahn,amemberofESA’shibernationresearchgroupsaid.“Itworksverynicely,buttheproblemisthatyouhavetoapplythedrugrepeatedlytomaintainthestate,whichcouldhavedamagingeffectsoverthelongerterm.”Thehibernatingastronautwouldnotonlysavetheagencycostforwater,foodandoxygen.Astronautswould,mostlikely,wakeupratherfit,withoutsufferingmanyofthenegativesideeffectsoflong-termbedrestorlivinginmicrogravity.Infact,studiesshowthatthesloweddowncellsofahibernatingbodydon’tgetdamagedbyradiation(辐射).Besides,researchinanimalssuggeststhatbodiesofhibernatingastronautsmightlosemuchlessboneand musclemassthanthebodiesofthoseawakeinmicrogravity.Uponarrival,thesehibernatorswouldthusbefitandreadytostartchallengingexplorationalmoststraightawayafterregainingawareness.Theseprotectivequalitiesmakehibernationapossibilitynotjustforspaceflight,butalsoformedicine.Justlikeastronautsinmicrogravity,patientsinlong-termbedrestwasteawayquickly.Slowinglifeprocessestoaminimumwouldprovidewhatscientistscalla“bridge”,aperiodoftimethatwouldallowphysicianstolookforsolutionswithoutracingagainsttheclock.Althoughmostcurrenthibernationresearchisfundedbyspaceagencies,scientiststhinkthatthefirsthumantobeputintothisstateofhibernationwillmostlikelybeanICUpatient.Oncethefirsthumansurvivesandbenefitsfromhibernation,thingswilllikelystartmovingforwardmuchfaster.12.Accordingtoparagraph1,whatdothehibernationstudiesmainlyaimtodo?A.Improvesleepqualityinspace.B.Investigatehibernationmystery.C.Promotemannedspaceexploration.D.Enrichsciencefictionwritingmethods.13.Whatisachallengeinthehibernationexperiments?A.Ensuringproperlighting.B.Bringinganimalsbacktolife.C.Maintaininglowtemperature.D.Controllingpossiblesideeffects.14.Whatadvantagemighthibernationbringtoastronauts?A.Itmighthelptokeepphysicalfitness.B.Itmightincreaselong-termbedrest.C.Itmightdecreaseradiationcontact.D.Itmightraisementalawareness.15.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theroleofphysiciansinmonitoringhibernatingpatients.B.Thepossibleapplicationofhibernationbeyondspaceflight.C.Theimportanceforincreasingfundsforhibernationresearch.D.Theneedofhumanexperimentsinadvancinghibernationstudies.【答案】12.C13.D14.A15.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了欧洲航天局(ESA)的一名研究人员认为，首次以人类为研究对象的冬眠研究可能在十年内实现。这样的实验将使像科幻小说一样的长期太空任务成为可能，宇航员将在前往遥远目的地的途中进入保护性睡眠数周或数月。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Thefirsthibernation(冬眠)studieswithhumansubjectscouldbeworkablewithinadecade,aEuropeanSpaceAgency(ESA)researcherthinks.Suchexperimentswouldmakeitpossibleforascience-fiction-likeapproachtolong-timespacemissionsthatwouldseeastronautsplacedintoprotectivesleepfor weeksormonthsontheirwaytofarawaydestinations.”（欧洲航天局(ESA)的一名研究人员认为，首次以人类为研究对象的冬眠研究可能在十年内实现。这样的实验将使像科幻小说一样的长期太空任务成为可能，宇航员将在前往遥远目的地的途中进入保护性睡眠数周或数月。）可推知，根据第一段，冬眠研究的主要目的是推进载人航天探索。故选C项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中““Itworksverynicely,buttheproblemisthatyouhavetoapplythedrugrepeatedlytomaintainthestate,whichcouldhavedamagingeffectsoverthelongerterm.””（“效果很好，但问题是，你必须反复使用这种药物来维持这种状态，从长远来看，这可能会产生破坏性的影响。”）可知，冬眠实验的挑战是控制可能的副作用。故选D项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thehibernatingastronautwouldnotonlysavetheagencycostforwater,foodandoxygen.Astronautswould,mostlikely,wakeupratherfit,withoutsufferingmanyofthenegativesideeffectsoflong-termbedrestorlivinginmicrogravity.”（冬眠的宇航员不仅可以节省机构在水、食物和氧气方面的成本。宇航员很可能醒来时身体相当健康，不会遭受长期卧床休息或生活在微重力环境中的许多负面影响。）可知，冬眠会给宇航员带来的好处是它可能有助于保持身体健康。故选A项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Theseprotectivequalitiesmakehibernationapossibilitynotjustforspaceflight,butalsoformedicine.Justlikeastronautsinmicrogravity,patientsinlong-termbedrestwasteawayquickly.Slowinglifeprocessestoaminimumwouldprovidewhatscientistscalla“bridge”,aperiodoftimethatwouldallowphysicianstolookforsolutionswithoutracingagainsttheclock.”（这些保护特性使得冬眠不仅可以用于太空飞行，也可以用于医学。就像宇航员在微重力环境下一样，长期卧床休息的病人很快就会消瘦。将生命过程减缓到最低限度将提供科学家所说的“桥梁”，这段时间将允许医生在不与时间赛跑的情况下寻找解决方案。）可知，最后一段主要讲的是冬眠在太空飞行之外的可能应用。故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Wewelcomedadaughterintotheworldyesterday.Oneday,when.sheneedsfinancialadvice,here’swhatI’lltellher.Itiseasytoassumethatwealthandpoverty(贫困)arecausedbythechoiceswemake,butchanceplaysabiggerrolethanmostpeoplewanttoadmit.____16____Butrealizenotallsuccessisduetohardwork,andnotallpovertyisduetolaziness.Keepthisinmindwhenjudgingpeople,includingyourself. Everythinghasaprice.Thepriceofabusyjobistimeawayfromfriendsandfamily.Thepriceofspoiling(宠溺)kidsistheirshelteredlife.Mostofthosepricesarehidden.____17____Acceptingthis,you’llviewthingsliketimeandrelationshipsasvaluableascash.Ibelievethehighestbenefitofmoneyistheabilitytocontrolyourtime.Beingabletodowhatyouwant,whenyouwant,whereyouwant,withwhomyouwant,foraslongasyouwant,providesalastinghappinessgreaterthananyfancythingscanoffer.____18____Havingenoughsavingstogiveyoutimeandoptionsnevergetsold.____19____Youhavemorecontroloveritthanyourincome.Thepersonwhomakes$50,000butonlyneeds$40,000tobehappyisricherthanthepersonwhomakes$150,000butneeds$151,000tobehappy.AsNapoleondefined,amilitarytalentistheperson“whocandotheaveragethingwheneveryoneelseislosinghismind”.____20____Youdon’tneedtodoamazingthingstoendupOK.Avoidingterriblemistakesismorepowerfulthananyfancyfinancetips.A.We’renotgoingtospoilyou.B.Managingmoneyisthesame.C.Iwantyoutobelieveinthevaluesofhardwork.D.Learninghowtolivewithlessisveryimportant.E.Youjusthavetonotmessupforlongperiodsoftime.F.Theexcitementofhavingfancythingswearsoffquickly.G.They’reoftenworthpaying,butneverignorethattheyaretruecosts.【答案】16.C17.G18.F19.D20.B【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一些理财建议。【16题详解】由下文“Butrealizenotallsuccessisduetohardwork,andnotallpovertyisduetolaziness.(但是要意识到并不是所有的成功都来自于努力工作，也不是所有的贫穷都来自于懒惰。)”中的But可知，前后是转折关系，C项“我希望你相信努力工作的价值。”符合，“valuesofhardwork”呼应下文“hardwork”，故选C。【17题详解】上文“Thepriceofabusyjobistimeawayfromfriendsandfamily.Thepriceofspoiling(宠溺)kidsistheirshelteredlife.Mostofthosepricesarehidden(忙碌工作代价是远离朋友和家人。宠坏孩子的代价就是他们的生活被庇护起来。大部分的代价都是隐藏的。)”举例子说明一切都有代价，其中大部分代价都是隐藏，不易被发现的，空处承接上文，对此进行继续描述，G项“它们通常是值得支付的，但决不能忽视它们是真正的成本。”符合，“They”代指上文Mostofthoseprices，故选G。 【18题详解】上文“Ibelievethehighestbenefitofmoneyistheabilitytocontrolyourtime.Beingabletodowhatyouwant,whenyouwant,whereyouwant,withwhomyouwant,foraslongasyouwant,providesalastinghappinessgreaterthananyfancythingscanoffer.(我相信金钱的最大好处是能够控制你的时间。能够做你想做的事情，在你想要的时候，在你想要的地方，和你想要的人在一起，只要你想要，能够提供一种持久的幸福，比任何花哨的东西都能提供。)”指出金钱的作用，相比于任何花哨的东西来说，金钱能提供一种持久的幸福，F项“拥有任何花哨的东西的兴奋感很快就消失了。”承接上文，从侧面强调金钱的作用，“fancythings”呼应上文“anyfancythings”，故选F。【19题详解】下文“Thepersonwhomakes$50,000butonlyneeds$40,000tobehappyisricherthanthepersonwhomakes$150,000butneeds$151,000tobehappy.(赚5万美元但只需要4万美元就能快乐的人比赚15万美元但需要15.1万美元才能快乐的人更富有。)”举例子说明花更少的钱很重要，D项“学会如何用更少的钱生活是非常重要的。”符合，故选D。【20题详解】上文“AsNapoleondefined,amilitarytalentistheperson“whocandotheaveragethingwheneveryoneelseislosinghismind”.(正如拿破仑所定义的那样，军事天才是“当其他人都失去理智的时候，能够做一般事情的人”。)”用拿破仑的话来说军事天才不需要做出惊人的事情，下文“Youdon’tneedtodoamazingthingstoendupOK.Avoidingterriblemistakesismorepowerfulthananyfancyfinancetips.(你不需要做出惊人的事情来结束。避免可怕的错误比任何花哨的金融建议更有效。)”指出理财不需要做出惊人的事情，只需要避免可怕的错误，由此可知，空处应指出军事和理财是一样的，B项“理财也是一样的。”符合，故选B。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Icomefromalonglineoffarmers.WhenmyparentsmovedtoWisconsin,farmingallowedthemto____21____backtoLaos,totheculture,andtheland.Wisconsin’scornfields____22____thericefieldsofLaos.Butformeasachild,farmingwasjusta____23____.Iwouldbeassigned(分配)arowofgreenbeans.Mymom____24____meabigbasketanditwasmy____25____tofillit.ThatwashowIspentmysummervacation____26____myfriendswereeitheratcampordoingotherfunactivities.Ididn’t____27____howfarmingbroughthopetomyparentsuntilIwasanadult.Iama____28____removed fromLaosandIhavefoundthatfarmingallowsmeto____29____myparents’story.Itallowsmetoseealittlebitintotheirstory.WhatI’ve_____30_____frommymomisthatyoucangrowjustaboutanything.Mymomwantstostartgrowing_____31_____likeshedidbackinLaos.Withasnowyclimate,itissomethingIneverthought_____32_____here.Tome,thisshowsresilience(适应力).Maybeit_____33_____andmaybeitdoesn’t.Butthereis_____34_____inthat.Asakid,IhateddoingfarmworkandIneverthoughtthatsomedayIwouldsaythatIkindof_____35_____puttingmyfeetinthemudandweeding(除草)thecorn.21.A.connectB.headC.retireD.report22A.changedB.coveredC.replacedD.affected23.A.dreamB.gameC.choreD.mystery24.A.soldB.gaveC.sentD.lent25.A.intentionB.opportunityC.choiceD.job26.A.whileB.ifC.sinceD.until27.A.regretB.monitorC.appreciateD.complain28.A.generationB.graduateC.professionalD.beginner29.A.giveawayB.makeupC.actoutD.relateto30.A.expectedB.learnedC.chosenD.demanded31.A.cornB.riceC.beansD.flowers32.A.flexibleB.necessaryC.legalD.possible33.A.improvesB.revivesC.worksD.exists34.A.confusionB.permissionC.balanceD.hope35.A.missB.riskC.delayD.escape【答案】21.A22.C23.C24.B25.D26.A27.C28.A29.D30.B31.B32.D33.C34.D35.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者小时候不知道耕种对父母的意义，直到长大后才理解耕种给父母所带来的希望。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我的父母搬去了威斯康星州时，农业使得他们与老挝，文化和土地产生联系。A.connect联系；B.head朝着……前进；C.retire退休；D.report报道。根据上文“Icomefromalong lineoffarmers.”可知，作者来自于农耕家庭，所以当他们搬到Wisconsin后，农业可以让他们与老挝产生联系的事物。故选A。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Wisconsin的玉米地代替了老挝的稻田。A.changed改变；B.covered覆盖；C.replaced代替；D.affected影响。根据下文“Withasnowyclimate,itissomethingIneverthought____12____here.Tome,thisshowsresilience(适应力).”可知，两地气候条件不一样，因此适宜种植的农作物也不一样。故选C。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但对我一个孩子来说，农活只是一个家务。A.dream梦想；B.game游戏；C.chore家务；D.mystery神秘事物。根据下文“Iwouldbeassigned(分配)arowofgreenbeans.”可知，作为一个孩子，农活是她被分得的家务。故选C。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的母亲给我一个大篮子，我的任务是把它装满。A.sold出售；B.gave给；C.sent发送；D.lent借。根据上文“Iwouldbeassigned(分配)arowofgreenbeans.”可知，母亲给我安排了农活任务，给我一个篮子帮助做农活。故选B。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的母亲给我一个大篮子，我的任务是把它装满。A.intention目的；B.opportunity机会；C.choice选择；D.job工作。根据上文“Iwouldbeassigned(分配)arowofgreenbeans.”可知，作者被安排了农活，因此工作内容是把篮子装满。故选D。【26题详解】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：这就是我如何度过我的暑假，而我的同学不是在夏令营就是在有趣的活动。A.while然而；B.if如果；C.since自从；D.until直到。前后句意存在对比关系，应用while连接并列句。故选A。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到成年，我才理解耕种是如何给我的父母带来希望的。A.regret后悔；B.monitor监测；C.appreciate理解；D.complain抱怨。根据上文“Butformeasachild,farmingwasjusta____3____.”可知，作者把农耕看做一项任务，而下文“somedayIwouldsaythatIkindof____15____puttingmyfeetinthemudandweeding(除草)thecorn.”可知，作者成年后与父母一样，对农耕有着深深的怀念，从而开始理解父母。故选C。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我是来自于老挝的一代人，我发现农业是的我能与父母的故事相联系。A. generation一代；B.graduate毕业生；C.professional专业人士；D.beginner初学者。根据上文“Icomefromalonglineoffarmers.WhenmyparentsmovedtoWisconsin,farmingallowedthemto____1____backtoLaos,totheculture,andtheland.”可知，作者原本是来自于老挝，后家庭搬迁至威斯康星州。故选A。【29题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我是老挝的一代人，我发现务农能让我能与父母的故事产生共鸣。A.giveaway泄露；B.makeup弥补；C.actout表演；D.relateto了解。根据下文“Itallowsmetoseealittlebitintotheirstory.”可知，农耕能让她了解父母生活的文化土地。故选D。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我从母亲那里所学到的是你可以种植任何东西。A.expected期望；B.learned学习；C.chosen选择；D.demanded要求。根据下文“isthatyoucangrowjustaboutanything”可知，此处指从母亲那里学到的东西。故选B。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我母亲想要种植水稻，就像她在老挝做的那样。A.corn谷物；B.rice水稻；C.beans豆子；D.flowers花。根据上文“Wisconsin’scornfields____2____thericefieldsofLaos.”可知，老挝种植的是水稻。故选B。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：多雪的气候下，是我从未想过的。A.flexible柔韧的；B.necessary必要的；C.legal合法的；D.possible可能的。根据下文“Tome,thisshowsresilience(适应力).”可知，两地气候不同，母亲想要在Wisconsin种植和在老挝种植的水稻一样，作者从未想过这个可能。故选D。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：可能它起作用了，也许没有。A.improves改善；B.revives复活；C.works起作用；D.exists存在。根据下文“Butthereis____14____inthat.”可知，种下去的代表希望，可能成功了也可能没有。故选C。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但其中有希望。A.confusion困惑；B.permission许可；C.balance平衡；D.hope希望。根据上文“Ididn’t____7____howfarmingbroughthopetomyparentsuntilIwasanadult.”可知，耕种给父母带来希望。故选D。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个孩子，我讨厌做农活，并且我从未想过有一天我会怀念双脚在泥巴地里在给玉米除草的感觉。A.miss想念；B.risk冒险；C.delay推迟；D.escape逃离。根据上文“Asakid,Ihateddoingfarmwork”可知，作者讨厌农活，及上文“Ididn’t____7____howfarmingbroughthopetomy parentsuntilIwasanadult.”可知，作者已经开始理解农耕对于父母的意义，但作为孩子的她从未想过自己有一天也会和父母一样。故选A。第二节(共3篇，10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)A阅读下列短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词，或括号内单词的正确形式。IexperiencedChina’sNaadamFestivalinInnerMongoliaforthefirsttime.Thefestivalfeatureshorseracing,wrestling,andarchery.IsawalotofpeoplewearingsplendidMongolianrobes____36____learnedabouttheirancestraltradition.Intheuniquewrestlingcompetition,I____37____(move)bytheshowofstrengthandgrace.CelebratingNaadamwas____38____(absolute)worthwhile,andIeagerlyhopetoexperiencemoreoftheircultureina____39____(tradition)Mongoliantentandenjoyhotpotinwinter.【答案】36.and37.wasmoved38.absolutely39.traditional【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了作者在中国内蒙古第一次体验了那达慕节的趣事。【36题详解】考查连词。句意：句意：我看到很多人穿着华丽的蒙古长袍，并了解了他们祖先的传统。动词saw和动词learned表示并列，用连词and连接。故填and。【37题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：在独特的摔跤比赛中，我被展示的力量和优雅所感动。描述过去的经历用一般过去时，bemoved表示感到很感动，故填wasmoved。【38题详解】考查副词。句意：庆祝那达慕是绝对值得的，我热切地希望能在传统的蒙古帐篷里体验更多他们的文化，在冬天吃火锅。此处应用副词作状语来修饰形容词worthwhile，故填absolutely。【39题详解】考查形容词。句意：庆祝那达慕是绝对值得的，我热切地希望能在传统的蒙古帐篷里体验更多他们的文化，在冬天吃火锅。此处应用形容词作定语来修饰名词tent，故填traditional。B阅读下列短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词，或括号内单词的正确形式。 Filmscoresplayanimportantroleinshapingtheemotionalimpactofamovie____40____itsviewers.Theysignalhowtofeelaboutwhatishappeningonscreenandarealways____41____formofclassicalmusic.JohnWilliams’scoresforJawsandStarWarsareexamplesillustratinghowagoodscorecanimprovethemovieexperience.HansZimmer’sandTanDun’sscoresshowdifferentstylesandideasforfilmscores.WhileZimmer’sandWilliams’scoresaremoreconventional(传统的),TanDun’sclassicalmusicbackgroundallowshisscorestostandaloneasworksofartwithoutneedingafilm____42____(support)them.【答案】40.on##upon41.a42.tosupport【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了三位与电影配乐相关的重要人物JohnWilliams，HansZimme和TanDn以及他们的作品特点认为电影配乐同样存在艺术价值。【40题详解】考查介词。句意：电影配乐在塑造电影观众的情感影响方面发挥着重要作用。“对...的影响”是impacton或upon。故填on或upon。【41题详解】考查冠词。句意：它们表明了对屏幕上发生的事情的感受，并且总是一种古典音乐的形式。表示一种形式是aformof，用不定冠词。故填a。【42题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：齐默和威廉姆斯的配乐比较传统，而谭盾的古典音乐背景使他的配乐不需要电影来支撑，就能成为独立的艺术作品。needsomethingtodo表示需要什么来做某事，不定式作目的状语。故填tosupport。C阅读下列短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词，或括号内单词的正确形式。Theterm“carbootsale”referstothesellingofitemsfromacar’strunk(后备箱).Mostofthegoodsonsaleareusedpersonalitemswithonlyafewofprofessionaltraders____43____(sell)goods.However,inagrowingtrend(趋势),all-yearhard-standingoutdoorbootsales,arenowappearingeverywhere,especiallyinChina,____44____(know)asthetrunkfairs.Itisverywelcomingtothose____45____wanttoruntheirownbusinessatalowcost.Itemsforsaleareextremelyvaried,includingsnacksandsoftdrinks.TheyouthinChinaareexploringanewlifestylethroughthetrunkfairs.【答案】43.selling44.known45.who##that 【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“行李箱旧物销售”指的是出售汽车后备箱里的物品。大部分的商品都是用过的个人物品，只有少数专业的商人出售商品。【43题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：大部分的商品都是用过的个人物品，只有少数专业的商人出售商品。分析句子可知，此处为with的复合结构，所以为非谓语动词形式，traders和动词sell为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填selling。【44题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，一种日益增长的趋势是，全年不变的户外靴子销售现在无处不在，尤其是在中国，被称为trunkfairs。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，outdoorbootsales和动词knowas为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填known。【45题详解】考查定语从句。句意：它非常欢迎那些想以低成本经营自己的企业的人。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词who/that引导的定语从句，先行词those在从句中作主语成分。故填who/that。第四部分写作(共两节，满分30分)第一节(满分15分)46.你校英文报正在举办主题为“戏剧人物评析”的征文活动。请你从《百万英镑》中挑选一个人物，写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：1.人物介绍；2.你的评析。注意：1.参考人物：HenryAdams,thebrothers(RoderickandOliver),theclerksortheownerinthetailor’sshop…；2.写作词数应为80左右；3.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Onepossibleversion：AfterreadingMarkTwain’sshortstory“TheMillionPoundNote”,Irealizethatweshouldn’tjudgeaperson accordingtohisappearance.Atfirstsight,theclerkdecidedthatHenryAdamswasapoormanwhocan’taffordtheclothesinhisstore,soheledHenryAdamstoaroomandgavehimacheapsuitthatdidn’tfit.However,hewasshockedafterreceivingthenote.Immediatelyhechangedhisattitude.Weshouldlearnalessonfromtheclerk:whatonewearsdoesn’tnecessarilyshowwhoheis.Itisimportanttoknowapersonthroughhisinnerqualities.【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文，要求考生从《百万英镑》中挑选一个人物，写一篇短文投稿，对人物进行介绍并给出评析。【详解】1.词汇积累根据：accordingto→intermsof/basedon惊讶的：shocked→surprised立刻：immediately→atonce/rightnow品质：quality→character2.句式拓展简单句合并为复合句原句：However,hewasshockedafterreceivingthenote.Immediatelyhechangedhisattitude.拓展句：However,hewasshockedafterhereceivedthenote,whoimmediatelychangedhisattitude.【点睛】【高分句型1】Atfirstsight,theclerkdecidedthatHenryAdamswasapoormanwhocan’taffordtheclothesinhisstore,soheledHenryAdamstoaroomandgavehimacheapsuitthatdidn’tfit.(使用了so连接并列句、that引导宾语从句、who和that引导定语从句)【高分句型2】Weshouldlearnalessonfromtheclerk:whatonewearsdoesn’tnecessarilyshowwhoheis.(使用了what引导主语从句和who引导宾语从句)第二节(满分15分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Everyculturehasaspecificwayofeating.NorthAmericansandEuropeansuseforks,knivesandspoons.InAsia,chopsticksarethetopchoice.Youmightthinkit’seasytousechopsticks,butactuallyit’snotassimpleasitfirstappears.Ilearnedthislessonacoupleofyearsago.IhadappliedforajobwithaChinese-CanadiancompanyinVancouver.Mynewbossinvitedmeouttolunchtocelebratemynewjob.HesaidweweregoingtoeatinaChineserestaurantinChinatown.Iwasnervous.Iknew wewouldbeusingchopsticks,andwhileIhadtriedmanytimestomasterthetechnique(技巧).Ihadfailedineveryattempt.HowwouldIbeabletomakeagoodimpression?Wouldtheylaughatme?WouldImakeacompletefoolofmyself?Iwenthomethateveningandcookedsomericeandchicken.Iputthefoodonmyplate,andIspentthenexthourattemptingtolearnhowtousechopsticks.TryasImight,Icouldnotholdthefoodwithmychopsticks.Ididn’tgetmuchsleepthatevening.Itossedandturned(辗转反侧)inbed,worryingaboutthecominglunch.Thenextday,Icouldhardlycontainmyanxietyandheadedtotherestaurant.Wewereseatedatanexcellenttable.Mybosswroteoutthefoodorder,speakingtothewaiterinMandarin.Myheartwasbeatingwildly,butthenInoticedastrangething.Insteadofthecustomarychopsticks,eachofushadknives,forksandspoons.Iwasconfusedatfirst,butthen,ithitme.MybossknewthatIwouldhavetroublewiththechopsticks.Hewantedtosavemefromembarrassment,sohehadcalledaheadandarrangedforustobeservedwithknivesandforks.Icouldn’tbelievehowthoughtfulhewas.注意：1.续写词数应为100左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Immediately,Imadeupmymindtotakethisopportunitytolearnhowtousechopsticks.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】范文Immediately,Imadeupmymindtotakethisopportunitytolearnhowtousechopsticks.Iaskedtheservertobringsomechopsticksforme.Whentheyarrived,Itookthemcarefullyinmyhand.Ilookedupatmybossandwesmiledateachother.AsIgraspedthechopsticksandtookholdofabitofriceandmeat,tryingtogetthemintomymouth,myfingersslippedandthefoodfellbacktotheplate.However,Ididn’tgiveup,andeventuallymanagedtoeatmyentiremealbyusingchopsticks.Itfeltlikeagreatachievementtome.Intheend,Iwasn’tembarrassedatall.I’mgladthatmynewbosswassothoughtfulapersonthathecouldtakeeverythingintoconsideration.【解析】【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者和老板去吃饭，老板知道作者不会使用筷子，于是安排了刀叉。作者也抓住机会学习使用筷子。 【详解】1.段落续写：由首句内容“我马上下定决心要抓住这个机会学习如何使用筷子”可知，后文可描写作者学习使用筷子的经过以及感受。2.续写线索：决定学习使用筷子——使用筷子的经过——用筷子吃完饭——作者感悟3.词汇激活行为类①抓住机会：takethisopportunity/seizethechance②尝试：try/attempt③决定：makeupone’smind/determine情绪类①高兴的：glad/delighted②尴尬：embarrassed/awkward【点睛】[高分句型1]Whentheyarrived,Itookthemcarefullyinmyhand.(运用了when引导时间状语从句)[高分句型2]AsIgraspedthechopsticksandtookholdofabitofriceandmeat,tryingtogetthemintomymouth,myfingersslippedandthefoodfellbacktotheplate.(运用了as引导的时间状语从句和现在分词作状语)听力答案：1-5BCABA6-10BACAC11-15BBCBC16-20CACAB