上海市上海中学2021-2022学年高一英语下学期期末考试试题（Word版附解析）

上海中学2021学年度第二学期期末阶段练习英语试题I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Heknowswhoisknocking.B.Heiseagertoknowwhoitis.C.Hedoesn’twanttoopenthedoor.D.Heisreadytoopenthedoor.2.A.Byplane.B.Bybus.C.Bytaxi.D.Bytrain.3.A.$100.B.$200.C.$300.D.$400.4.A.Shewenttothecinema.B.Shewenttoanexhibition.C.Shestayedathome.D.Shestayedwithherclassmates.5.A.Inadoctor’soffice.B.Inaprofessor’soffice.C.Inanoperatingroom.D.Inanemergencyward.6.A.Themanpaidthetuitionforlearningphysics.B.Themangotalotofmoneyforhishardwork.C.Hishardworkwasnotrewardingatall.D.Hisworkbeforethetestledtoagoodresult.7.A.Afurnishedhouse.B.Arecentbook.C.Afurtherstudy.D.Anewrecord.8.A.Theywillgoswimming.B.Theywillclimbmountains.C.Theywillbuysomeclothes.D.Theywillforecasttheweatherconditions.9.A.Hehasanotherlecturetoattend.B.Hehasnointerestinthelecture.C.He’sattendedthesamelecturegivenbyProfessorWilsonbefore.D.Hemighthavemissedthelecture,ifthewomandidn’tremindhim. 10.A.Shefullyagreeswiththeman.B.Theyareuncertainabouttheweather.C.Shedisagreeswiththeman.D.Shethoughtthemanwasalwayslate.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11A.Peopleareencouragedtobeacraftsman.B.Learningwoodworkingisnotashardasyouthink.C.Learningwoodworkingwillhelpyouknowmorepeople.D.Takingaclassinwoodworkingwillbeveryhelpful.12.A.BecauseIamatalentinthisartandwanttoshareitwithothers.B.BecauseIaminterestedinitandwanttoshowittoothers.C.BecauseIwonderhowtopickmaterialsandhowtodoitwell.D.Becauseit’sagoodwaytoknowmorepeopleinterestedinit.13.A.Youcanexpecttodowoodworkingperfectlytheveryfirsttime.B.Doingwoodworkingmeansbeingaloneforlong.C.Youcanalsolearnfromotherpeopleinterestedinwoodworking.D.Takingaclassinwoodworkingcostsalotofmoney.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Toanalyzecausesandeffectsofusingacreditcard.B.Toencouragepeopletoborrowmoneyfrombanks.C.Toletpeopleknowtheresponsibilityinusingacreditcard.D.Topresenttheeffectofcomputersinpopularizingtheuseofcreditcards.15.A.Thedevelopmentofcomputers.B.People’sgreedinessformoremoney. C.People’sneedsforlesspapermoney.D.People’slearningtobemoreresponsible.16.A.Tolearntoberesponsiblebyusingcreditcards.B.Tostopusingcreditcardsandborrowmoneyfromfriendsorrelatives.C.Topaymoneybackasfastaspossibleafterusingcreditcards.D.Tostopborrowingmoneyanduseyourownfundsforshopping.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Anewspaper.B.Anadvertisingagency.C.Acleanupcompany.D.Amarket.18.A.Shewantstosparemoreroomforsomethingnew.B.Shewantstoturntheiroldstuffintocashatalowcost.C.Sheknowsthatthesalesconsultantbeforethemandoes.D.Shejustwantstocleanuptheirhouse.19.A.Rudyislikelytobuytheirstuff.B.Rudywillcomeandtaketheirstuffaway.C.Rudyplaysguitaraswellastheman.D.Rudywillhelpthemwiththeadandthesale.20.A.Hisoldguitar.B.Theirappliances,jewelry,furnitureandexerciseequipment.C.Thespringcleanupsale.D.Thelowcostofadsandfriendlyservice.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionAMultipleChoiceDirection:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheotheranswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.1.Mostexistingvaccinesaretemperature-sensitive,andmustbepassedquicklyfromonerefrigeratortoanotherontheirwaytotheclinics_________theywillbeused.A.whereB.thatC.whyD.when【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：现有的大多数疫苗对温度都很敏感，在送往使用它们的诊所途中，必须从一个冷藏库迅速传递到另一个冷藏库。分析句子可知，空格处为限制性定语从 句，修饰先行词clinics，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在诊所中”，应使用关系副词where引导该从句。故选A项。2.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars_________roadconditionsrequire_________.A.where;improvingB.which;toimproveC.that;tobeimprovedD.when;tobeimproved【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查同位语从句和不定式。句意：私家车的普及带来了一个新的问题，道路条件需要改善。道路条件是被改善，sth.requiretobedone意为“某物需要被做”，因此空格处是tobeimproved；分析可知，第一空引导的是同位语从句，说明先行词problem的具体内容，从句中不缺成分，且句子意思完整，因此用that引导同位语从句，故选C。3.InBritain18-to-24-year-oldsarespending_________timeonFacebookandInstagram,itssisterapp,astheywerefouryearsago.A.muchmoreB.ashalfmuchC.moremuchD.halfasmuch【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查固定短语。句意：在英国，18到24岁的年轻人花在Facebook和Instagram（其姊妹应用）上的时间是四年前的一半。根据空后的as可知，此处考查asmuch...as结构，排除A、C项，much后接被修饰的不可数名词time，half作为倍数，应置于第一个as之前，故选D项。4.PerhapsasettlerwoulddemandanIndian_________offthesettler’sland.A.stayingB.tostayC.stayedD.stay【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：也许殖民者会要求印第安人远离他们的土地。分析句子结构可知，本句谓语动词demand，后接从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略，demandsb.todosth.是错误结构，demand后不能跟不定式作宾语补足语。故选D项。 5.FortheworldtomeetthegoalsoftheParisagreement,_________theaverageglobaltemperatureriseto1.5°Cabovepre-industriallevelswilltakeimmediateactionfromeverycountry.A.tolimitB.beinglimitedC.limitedD.havinglimited【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：世界各国要实现《巴黎协定》的目标，就必须立即采取行动，将全球平均气温升幅控制在比工业化前水平高1.5摄氏度以内。空格处作“willtakeimmediateactionfromeverycountry”这个动作的主语，应用不定式作主语，表示将来，takeimmediateactiontodo是固定短语，意为“立即采取行动做某事”，故选A。6.Themostexcitingthingforhimwas____hefinallysucceededin____seemedtobethemostdifficultexamtohim.A.that;whatB.that;whichC.what;thatD.what;which【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：最令他感到兴奋的是，他最终在看起来对于他来说最难的考试中成功了。第一个空位于be动词后，考查了表语从句，关系词只起连接作用；第二个空位于介词后是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“什么”，用what引导。故选A。7.Wechoosethathotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$15,halfof_________itusedtocharge.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我们选择这家酒店是因为这里一晚的价格降到了15美元，是以前的一半。分析可知，空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，此处表示“是以前价格的一半”，因此空格处用what引导宾语从句，故选C。8._________in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.A.BeingfoundedB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.Havingfounded 【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语。句意：哈佛大学建于1636年，是美国最著名的大学之一。A.beingfounded表示“正在被建立”；B.itwasfounded在此和后文是并列关系，应需连词and连接；C.founded意为“建立”，表示被动关系；D.Havingfounded“已经建立”，表完成。分析句子结构，is为谓语动词，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，found和Harvard为被动关系，需填过去分词形式。故填C。9.wasbeyondtheirexpectationwasthatfinallytheyreachedaplacesoldcigarettesandothersmallarticles.A.It,whereB.What,whichC.As,whereD.What,where【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查主语从句和定语从句。句意：出乎他们意料的是，他们终于到了一个卖香烟和其他小商品的地方。（wasbeyondtheirexpectation）是缺乏连接词的主语从句，从句缺乏主语，意为“什么”，用连接代词What；（aplacesoldcigarettesandothersmallarticles）是缺乏关系词的定语从句，先行词是aplace，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故选B项。10.Wecanlearnfromtheeducationalprogramhowtomakepositivechoiceswhen_________withpersonalconflicts.A.wefaceB.facingC.facedD.beingfaced【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查时态，固定短语和省略。句意：我们可以从教育节目中学习如何在面对个人冲突时做出积极的选择。befacedwith是固定短语，意为“面对”，根据语境可知，when引导的时间状语从句是whenwearefacedwthpersonalconflicts，时间状语从句中主语和主句主语一致，且从句中有be动词时可省略从句中的主语和be动词，因此空格处是faced，故选C。11.Itisnouse_________thepoliticianorbusinessman,whohasbeenworkingorworryingaboutseriousthingsforsixdays,_________aboutotherthingsattheweekend. A.toinvite;toworryB.inviting;worryingC.inviting;toworryD.toinvite;worrying【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：不要让政治家或商人在周末的时候担心小事。他们已经在六天的工作中对于严肃问题担心得够多了。itisnousedoingsth为固定搭配，意为“做某事没有用”，故第一个空应该使用动名词；同时第二空符合的是invitesb.todosth.，需要使用todo不定式作宾补，故用toworry。故选C。—Howlongdoyousupposeitis___12___heleftforJapan?—Nomorethanhalfamonth.A.whenB.beforeC.afterD.since【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查连接词词义辨析。——你认为他去日本有多长时间了？——不会超过半个月。A.when当……的时候；B.before在……之前；C.after在……之后；D.since自从。固定句型“Itis+时间段+since从句”，此处表示“自从他动身去日本多久了”。故选D。13._________itmaybepossibletomeasurethevalueofmaterialgoodsintermsofmoney,itisextremelydifficulttoestimatethetruevalueoftheserviceswhichpeopleperformforus.A.BecauseB.ThoughC.GivenD.When【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查连词。句意：虽然可以用金钱来衡量物质产品的价值，但要估计人们为我们提供的服务的真正价值是极其困难的。A.Because因为；B.Though虽然；C.Given鉴于；D.When当......时。根据“itmaybepossibletomeasurethevalueofmaterialgoodsintermsofmoney(或许可以用金钱来衡量物质产品的价值)”和“itisextremelydifficulttoestimatethetruevalueoftheserviceswhichpeopleperformforus(要估计人们为我们提供的服务的真正价值是极其困难的)”可知，前后是让步关系，故需though引导，though意为“虽然”，符合语意。故选B。14.Anyone_______bags,boxes,orwhatever,wasstoppedbythepolice.A.seencarryB.seencarrying C.sawtocarryD.sawcarrying【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：任何人被看到携带包，箱子或任何东西，都被警察拦下了。本句的谓语动词是wasstopped，且无连词，应用非谓语动词，see与anyone是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词；固定搭配seesb.doingsth.“看见某人正在做某事”，使用现在分词，作宾语补足语。故选B。15.Weneedasociety_________aroundthebeliefthatwecanalllearnandgrowthroughoutourlives,thatnoneofushasperfectknowledge,andthatagooddealoflearningisalwaysyet_________.A.building;tocomeB.built;tocomeC.tobebuilt;comingD.beingbuilt;coming【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们需要一个建立在这样一种信念之上的社会:我们每个人都可以在一生中学习和成长，没有人拥有完美的知识，还有大量的学问有待学习。整句话中的谓语是need，第一空处用非谓语动词，society和build之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此第一空用过去分词built表被动；由“noneofushasperfectknowledge”可知，没有人拥有完美的知识，还有大量的学问有待学习，第二空用不定式表将来，故选B。16.Heis_________withfirstdegreemurderindeathsof10pedestrians.A.accusedB.occupiedC.irritatedD.charged【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他因致10名行人死亡而被指控一级谋杀。A.accusev.指责，控告；B.occupyv.居住v.占领；C.irritatevt.刺激，使兴奋vt.使发怒；D.chargev.指控，谴责。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查表示“控告”对应的动词，和with构成固定搭配，chargesbwithsth“因某事指责/控告某人”的意思，被动结构是bechargedwith，“被控告”的意思。accusesbofsth“因某事指责/控告某人”的意思。故选D。17.Thosewho_________falsenewsshouldbeblamed.A.circulateB.stageC.stressD.extend 【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那些传播虚假新闻的人应该遭到谴责。A.circulate传播，散布；B.stage筹划，举办；C.stress强调；D.extend延申，扩展。由句意可知，主语those指代的这类人应该被谴责，who引导的定语从句补充说明这些人所做的应该被谴责的事情。circulatefalsenews意思是“散布虚假新闻”，符合语境。故选A。18.Herjoywasso_________thatheforgothisownfearsforthefuture.A.beneficialB.honorableC.symbolicD.infectious【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的喜悦如此具有感染力，以至于他忘记了自己对未来的恐惧。A.beneficial有益的；B.honorable光荣的；C.symbolic象征性的；D.infectious有感染力的。由“Herjoy”和“heforgothisownfearsforthefuture”可知，句子表示“她的喜悦如此具有感染力，以至于他忘记了自己对未来的恐惧”，空格处意为“有感染力的”。故选D。19.Theagreementisdesignedto_________difficultiesintradebetweenthetwocountries.A.remindB.removeC.displayD.respond【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：该协议旨在消除两国之间的贸易困难。A.remind提醒；B.remove消除；C.display展示；D.respond回复。根据句意，removedifficulties意为“消除困难”，符合句意。故选B。20.Thefirsthalfofthestoryhasnoconnectionwiththesecondhalf.Hisnarrationsimplydoesn’t_________.A.makeupB.giveupC.addupD.takeup【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个故事的第一部分和第二部分没有联系。他的叙述不合情理。A.makeup构成，化妆，编造；B.giveup放弃；C.addup加起来，合乎情理，有道理；D.takeup占据，开始从事。根据“Thefirsthalfofthestoryhasnoconnectionwiththesecondhalf.”可知，此处指故事的两部分没有联系，他的陈述不合情理。故选C项。 SectionBFillintheblanksDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.KazuoIshigurowinsNobelPrizeinliteratureKazuoIshigurohaswontheNobelPrizeinliterature,theSwedishAcademyannouncedonOctober5,2017.Awarded____21____1901,theNobelPrizeinliteraturehasbecomethehighesthonorofliterature.____22____thetermssetdownbyfounderAlfredNobel,theprizerecognizesawriterwhohasproducedinthefieldofliteraturethemostoutstandingworkinanidealdirection.TheBritishnovelist,borninJapan,isbestknownforhisnovel“TheRemainsoftheDay”(1989).PermanentsecretaryoftheacademySaraDaniussaidimmediatelyaftertheannouncement,“He’sdevelopedanaestheticuniverseallhisown.Heisexploringwhatyouhavetoforget____23____(survive)inthefirstplaceasanindividualorasasociety.”Ishiguro’swinmarkstheNobel’sreturntoa____24____(traditional)literaryauthor.Lastyear,theprizewasawardedtoAmericanmusicianBobDylan,____25____surprisingdecisionthatsparkedcriticismfromsomequarters.In2015,theBelarusianinvestigativejournalistSvetlanaAlexievichwontheprize.Ishiguro,ontheotherhand,isamuch____26____(admire)fictionwriterwhositscomfortablyalongsidesuchpreviouswinnersasToniMorrisonandAliceMunro.Hisworkismarkedbyasenseofpainfulloneliness.JoyceCarolOateshascalledIshiguro“oneofourmosteloquentpoetsofloss.”____27____(review)hismostrecentnovel,“TheBuriedGiant,”formerWashingtonPostBookWorldeditorMarieAranawrote,“HissensibilityisneitherJapanesenorEnglish;itstandsapartfromanyoneculture.Ifthesebookshave____28____incommon,itisthatanunspokensecretisentombed（埋葬）ateachcore‒anelusive（难以捉摸的）truththatisinferred,butthatnoonequiteunderstandsorcanfullyarticulate.”Ishiguro____29____(remain)verymuchacitizenoftheworld,consciousofthewaypeoplesufferalienation（疏远）everywhere.“IlovelivinginLondon,”herecentlytoldtheGuardian,“but____30____Ihadtowritea‘Londonnovel’,I’dportraythecapitalasavampiresuckingthebloodoutoftherestofthecountry.I’mamazedpeopleinBritainacceptsoquietlythislackofregionalbalance.”【答案】21.since22.After23.tosurvive 24.traditionally25.a26.admired27.Reviewing28.something29.remains30.if【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述了石黑一雄获得诺贝尔文学奖。【21题详解】考查介词。句意：诺贝尔文学奖自1901年颁发以来，已成为文学的最高荣誉。分析句子结构可知，空处应填介词，根据句意，表示从1901开始。故填since。【22题详解】考查状语从句连接词。句意：该奖项由创始人阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔(AlfredNobel)设立，旨在表彰在文学领域朝着理想方向创作出最杰出作品的作家。分析可知，此处包含三个句子，是复合句，其中who引导的是定语从句，空处引导的是状语从句，根据句意可知此处表达“在……之后”之意，谓语句首，首字母大写。故填After。【23题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他探索的是，作为一个个人或一个社会，为了生存，你首先必须忘记什么。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词is，所以此处survive需用非谓语动词，分析可知此处表目的，应用不定式。故填tosurvive。【24题详解】考查副词。句意：石黑一雄获奖标志着诺贝尔奖向传统文学作家的回归。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词a，空后是形容词literary，所以空处应用副词修饰形容词。故填traditionally。25题详解】考查冠词。句意：去年，该奖项被授予了美国音乐家鲍勃·迪伦，这一出人意料的决定引发了一些人的批评。分析句子结构可知，decision前需加冠词，此处decision指前文提到的诺贝尔文学奖被授予了美国音乐家，表泛指。故用a。【26题详解】考查过去分词。句意：另一方面，石黑一雄是一位备受尊敬的小说作家，与托尼·莫里森(ToniMorrison)和爱丽丝·门罗(AliceMunro)等之前的获奖者齐名。分析句子结构可知，admire和主语Ishiguro之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填admired。 【27题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：《华盛顿邮报》前图书世界编辑玛丽·阿拉娜在评论他最新的小说《被埋葬的巨人》时写道，“他的敏感性既不是日本的，也不是英国的；它有别于任何一种文化。”分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语wrote，所以review应用非谓语形式，它和逻辑主语MarieArana之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，且位于句首。故填Reviewing。【28题详解】考查代词。句意：如果说这些书有什么共同之处，那就是深藏在每一本书的核心深处的一个未说出口的秘密——一个难以捉摸的、被推断出来的真理，但没有人能完全理解或完全表达出来。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配havesomethingincommon意为“有共同之处”。故填something。【29题详解】考查主谓一致。句意：石黑一雄在很大程度上仍然是一个世界公民，他意识到世界各地的人们遭受异化的方式。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以remain做动词，描述的是客观事实，所以用一般现在时，主语是Ishiguro，为第三人称单数。故填remains。【30题详解】考查虚拟语气。但如果让我写一本‘伦敦小说’，我会把首都描绘成一个吸走这个国家其他地方鲜血的吸血鬼。分析句子句意可知，此处是表达对现在不可能实现情况的假想，所以从句应用if引导从句。故填if。SectionCVocabularyDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.fatigueB.qualifiedC.challengeD.routineE.persistentFmeantG.necessarilyH.fueledI.sufferJ.recognizeKideallyFortheentiretyofourlifewehavebeencopingwithanxiety.Buthavingsomeanxiety,especiallyinastressfulsituation,isn’t____31____badandcanactuallybebeneficial,expertssay.Therightamountofanxietycanimproveperformance.Anxietyisanuncomfortableemotion,often____32____byuncertainty.Itcancreateintense,excessiveand____33____worryandfear,notjustaboutstressfuleventsbutalsoabouteverydaysituations.Thereareusuallyphysicalsymptomstoo,likefastheartrate,muscletension,rapid breathing,sweatingand____34____.Toomuchanxietycanbedebilitating(使体弱力衰).Butanormalamountis____35____tohelpkeepussafe,expertssay.“Theemotionofanxietyandtheunderlyingphysiologicalstressresponseevolvedtoprotectus,”WendySuzuki,aneuroscientistandtheauthorof“GoodAnxiety,”said,“Managingstressmaybemoreusefulthangettingridofit.”AccordingtotheYerkes-DodsonLaw,atheorythatoriginatedintheearly20thcenturyfromexperimentsonmice,increasingamountsofcognitivearousal,orstress,canimproveperformance—butonlyuptoacertainpoint.Thetheory,representedbyacurveshapedlikeamountain,showsthatafteritpeaks,greaterlevelsofstresscauseperformanceto____36____.Whenanxietyisturneduptoohigh,Dr.Suzukiadded,ittendstobecomelessuseful.Thefirststepincontrollinganxietythatholdsyoubackisto____37____whenyou’refeelingoverlyanxiousandtrytodialitdown.Acertaindegreeofanxietycanhelppeopleprepareforapotential____38____,remaincautiousandstayorganized.Butifanxietyismakingyou“uncomfortablemoreoftenthannot”orinterferingwith____39____functioningandpreventingyoufromlivingthelifeyouwanttolive,thatsignalstheneedforadditionalsupport,______40______fromamentalhealthprofessional.【答案】31.G32.H33.E34.A35.F36.I37.J38.C39.D40.K【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是焦虑，太多焦虑会使人体弱力衰，但是一定程度的焦虑可以对人有帮助。【31题详解】考查副词。句意：但专家表示，有一些焦虑，尤其是在紧张的情况下，并不一定是坏事，实际上是有益的。结合语意，专家表示有一些焦虑并不一定是坏事，空处应用副词修饰形容词bad，necessarily“必然地”为副词，符合句意。故选G项。【32题详解】考查动词。句意：焦虑是一种不舒服的情绪，通常由不确定性引发。分析句子结构，空处作非谓语动词，结合语意，焦虑通常由不确定性引发，fueled“刺激”为动词的过去分词形式，符合句意。故选H项。【33题详解】 考查形容词。句意：它可以产生强烈、过度和持续的担忧和恐惧，不仅是对压力事件，而且对日常情况。空处应用形容词与intense和excessive并列，作定语修饰名词worryandfear，persistent“持久的，持续的”为形容词，符合句意。故选E项。【34题详解】考查名词。句意：通常也有身体症状，如心率加快、肌肉紧张、呼吸急促、出汗和疲劳。空处应用名词，与fastheartrate，muscletension，rapidbreathing和sweating并列，fatigue“疲劳”为名词，符合句意。故选A项。【35题详解】考查形容词。句意：但专家表示，正常量的焦虑是为了帮助我们保持安全。结合语意，正常量的焦虑是为了帮助我们保持安全，bemeanttodosth.表示“为了做某事”，所以meant“为……而做的”为形容词，符合句意。故选F项。【36题详解】考查动词。句意：该理论以一条山形曲线为代表，表明在达到峰值后，更大程度的压力会使表现变差。结合语意，更大程度的压力会使得表现变差，suffer“变差”为动词，符合句意。故选I项。【37题详解】考查动词。句意：控制阻碍你的焦虑的第一步是辨别出你何时感到过度焦虑，并试着降低焦虑。结合语意，控制焦虑的第一步是辨别过度焦虑，recognize“辨别出，识别”为动词，符合句意。故选J项。【38题详解】考查名词。句意：一定程度的焦虑可以帮助人们为潜在的挑战做好准备，保持谨慎和有条理的。空处应用名词作介词for的宾语，challenge“挑战”为名词，符合句意。故选C项。【39题详解】考查形容词。句意：但是，如果焦虑让你“常常感到不舒服”，或者干扰日常功能，阻碍你过上想要的生活，那就表明需要额外的支持，最好是心理健康专业人士的支持。空处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词functioning，routine“常规的”为形容词，符合句意。故选D项。【40题详解】考查副词。句意：但是，如果焦虑让你“常常感到不舒服”，或者干扰日常功能，阻碍你过上想要的生活，那就表明需要额外的支持，最好是心理健康专业人士的支持。空处应用副词形式作状语，结合语意，额外的支持，最好来自心理健康专业人士，ideally “最适合地”为副词，符合句意。故选K项。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionAClozeDirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.‘SmallData’AreAlsoCrucialforMachineLearningManypeoplerelate“artificialintelligence”with“bigdata.”There’sareasonforthat:someofthemostprominentAIbreakthroughsinthepastdecadehavereliedonenormousdatasets.Image____41____madegreatprogressinthe2010sthankstothedevelopmentofImageNet,adatasetcontainingmillionsofimageshandsortedintothousandsofcategories.Morerecently,GPT-3,alanguagemodel,wastrainedon____42____onlinetextstoproducehumanliketextinJan,2021.SoitisnotsurprisingtoseeAIbeingtightlyconnectedwith“bigdata”inthe____43____imagination.ButAIisnotonlyaboutlargedatasets,andresearchin“smalldata”approacheshasgrownextensivelyoverthepastdecade.Theso-calledtransferlearningservesasanespecially____44____example.Alsoknownas“fine-tuning,”transferlearningishelpfulinsettingswhereyouhave____45____dataonthetaskofinterestbutabundantdataonarelatedproblem.Youneedtofirsttrainamodelusingabigdatasetandthenretrainslightlyusingasmalleronerelatedtoyour____46____problem.AresearchteamworkingonGerman-languagespeechrecognition,____47____,showedthattheycouldimprovetheirresultsbystartingwithanEnglish-languagespeechmodeltrainedonalargerdataset.Then,theyusedtransferlearningto____48____thatmodelforasmallerdatasetofGerman-languageaudio.Smalldataapproachessuchastransferlearningaremore____49____thanmoredata-intensivemethods.Theycanpromoteprogressinareaswherelittleornodataexist,suchasinforecastingnaturalhazardsthatoccurrelatively_____50_____.Inthiscontext,smalldataapproacheswillbecomeincreasinglyimportantasmoreorganizationslooktodiversifyAIapplicationareasandinvestinpreviously_____51_____fields.Despitetheprogressinresearch,transferlearninghasreceivedrelativelylittle_____52_____.Whilemanymachinelearningexpertsarelikelyfamiliarwithitatthispoint,theexistenceoftechniquessuchastransferlearningdoesnotseemtohavereachedtheawarenessofthebroaderspace ofpolicymakersinpositionsofmakingimportantdecisionsaboutAIfundingand_____53_____.Aslongasthesuccessofsmalldatatechniqueliketransferlearningis_____54_____,resourcescanbeallocatedtosupporttheirwidespreaduse.Inthatcase,wecanhelpcorrectthepopular_____55_____regardingtheroleofdatainAIandfosterinnovationinnewdirections.41.A.standardB.classificationC.qualityD.acquisition42.A.writtenB.limitedC.spokenD.abundant43.A.moralB.visualC.literaryD.popular44.A.complicatedB.interestingC.promisingD.distinguished45.A.extraB.differentC.availableD.few46.A.personalB.specificC.technicalD.potential47.A.inadditionB.orratherC.inparticularD.forexample48.A.adjustB.inventC.followD.check49.A.definiteB.advantageousC.complexD.precise50.A.remotelyB.severelyC.ultimatelyD.rarely51.A.underexploredB.underestimatedC.underpopulatedD.underqualified52.A.guidanceB.respectC.supervisionD.visibility53.A.publicationB.adoptionC.trackingD.polishing54.A.celebratedB.evaluatedC.recognizedD.diversified55.A.challengeB.concernC.fearD.misunderstanding【答案】41.B42.D43.D44.C45.D46.B47.D48.A49.B50.D51.A52.D53.B54.C55.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了像迁移学习这样的小数据方法比数据密集型“大数据”更有优势，但它还需要得到认可，才会有更多的资源来支持它的广泛使用。【41题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于图网的发展，图像分类在21世纪10 年代取得了巨大的进步。图网是一个包含了数以百万计的图像的数据集，其中的图像被手工分类成了数千个类别。A.standard标准；B.classification分类；C.quality品质；D.acquisition习得。根据下文“thankstothedevelopmentofImageNet,adatasetcontainingmillionsofimageshandsortedintothousandsofcategories.”可知，图网是一个对图像进行分类的数据集，所以图网的发展推动了图像分类的巨大进步。故选B项。【42题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最近，一种语言模型GPT-3，通过对大量线上文本的训练，于2021年1月生成了类似人类的文本。A.written书面的；B.limited有限的；C.spoken口头的；D.abundant大量的。根据下文“SoitisnotsurprisingtoseeAIbeingtightlyconnectedwith‘bigdata’”中“So”可知，由上文的例子得出人工智能与“大数据”联系紧密这一结果，反之，上文事例中的语言模型GPT-3利用了“大数据”，即大量的线上文本。故选D项。【43题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，在普遍的想象中，人工智能与“大数据”联系紧密，这并不奇怪。A.moral道德的；B.visual视觉的；C.literary文学的；D.popular普遍的，受欢迎的。结合第一段“Manypeoplerelate‘artificialintelligence’with‘bigdata.’”和上文两个具体事例可知，人工智能与“大数据”联系紧密是普遍的认识，是普遍的想象。故选D项。【44题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但人工智能不仅仅与大数据有关，过去十年中，对“小数据”方法的研究得到了广泛发展。所谓的迁移学习就是一个特别有前景的例子。A.complicated复杂的；B.interesting有趣的；C.promising有希望的，有前途的；D.distinguished卓越的。根据第三段中“Theycanpromoteprogressinareaswherelittleornodataexist,suchasinforecastingnaturalhazardsthatoccurrelatively　　　10　　　.”可知，迁移学习是有前途的。故选C项。【45题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：迁移学习，也即“微调”，可以在当你感兴趣的事项上数据很少，而相似问题上有丰富的数据时发挥作用。A.extra额外的；B.different不同的；C.available可用的；D.few很少。根据句中“but”可知，前后文有对比关系，“abundantdataonarelatedproblem”与“fewdataonthetaskofinterest”形成对比。故选D项。【46题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：首先你用大数据集对一个模型进行训练，然后对于你相关的特定的问题，用较小的数据集稍微地进行再训练。A.personal个人的；B.specific特定的；C. technical技术的；D.potential潜在的。根据下文事例中“English-languagespeechmodel”和“German-languagespeechrecognition”可知，先用大数据集对一个模型进行训练，再针对特定的问题用较小的数据集进行再训练。故选B项。【47题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，一个研究德语语音识别的团队表明，他们可以通过在更大的数据集上训练英语语音模型来改善他们的结果。A.inaddition另外；B.orrather更精确地说；C.inparticular尤其；D.forexample例如。上文提出先用大数据集对一个模型进行训练，然后对于你相关的特定的问题，用较小的数据集稍微地进行再训练，本句用“德语语音识别”项目进行举例说明。故选D项。【48题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，他们使用迁移学习来调整该模型，以适应更小的德语音频数据集。A.adjust调整；B.invent发明；C.follow跟随；D.check检查。上文提出先用大数据集对一个模型进行训练，然后对于你相关的特定的问题，用较小的数据集稍微地进行再训练，结合句中“startingwith”和下文“thatmodelforasmallerdatasetofGerman-languageaudio.”可推知，在用较小的数据集进行再训练时，需要调整模型。故选A项。【49题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：像迁移学习这样的小数据方法比数据密集型方法更有优势。A.definite确定的；B.advantageous有利的；C.complex复杂的；D.precise精确的。根据下文“Theycanpromoteprogressinareaswherelittleornodataexist,suchasinforecastingnaturalhazards”可知，像迁移学习这样的小数据方法可以在很少或没有数据的领域取得进展，更有优势。故选B项。【50题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：它们可以促进在很少或没有数据的领域取得进展，例如在预测发生相对较少的自然灾害方面。A.remotely偏僻地；B.severely严重地；C.ultimately最终；D.rarely很少。根据上文“wherelittleornodataexist”可知，这里说的是发生相对较少的自然灾害，所有很少或没有数据。故选D项。【51题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这种背景下，小数据方法将变得越来越重要，因为越来越多的组织希望使AI应用领域多样化，并投资于以前未开发的领域。A.underexplored未充分开发的；B.underestimated被低估的；C.underpopulated人口稀少的；D.underqualified学历不足的。 根据“diversifyAIapplicationareas”可知，更多的机构希望使AI应用的领域多样化，会投资于以前未开发的领域。故选A项。【52题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管迁移学习的研究取得了进展，但它的关注度相对较低。A.guidance指导；B.respect尊敬；C.supervision监督；D.visibility关注度。根据下文“theexistenceoftechniquessuchastransferlearningdoesnotseemtohavereachedtheawarenessofthebroaderspaceofpolicymakersinpositionsofmakingimportantdecisions”可知，迁移学习并未引起重视和关注。故选D项。【53题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然目前许多机器学习专家可能对它很熟悉，但迁移学习等技术的存在似乎还没有达到决策者更广泛的意识空间，他们能就人工智能的资金和采用做出重要决定。A.publication出版；B.adoption采用；C.tracking追踪；D.polishing抛光。根据“policymakersinpositionsofmakingimportantdecisions”可知，决策者可以决定对一项技术的资金支持和技术的采用。故选B项。【54题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：只要像迁移学习这样的小数据技术的成功得到认可，就可以分配资源来支持它们的广泛使用。A.celebrated庆祝；B.evaluated评估；C.recognized认识；D.diversified使……多样化。根据上文“theexistenceoftechniquessuchastransferlearningdoesnotseemtohavereachedtheawarenessofthebroaderspaceofpolicymakers”和下文“resourcescanbeallocatedtosupporttheirwidespreaduse”可推知，像迁移学习这样的小数据技术并未引起重视和关注，所有只有得到认可，才能获得更多的资源来支持它们的广泛使用。故选C项。【55题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这种情况下，我们可以帮助纠正关于数据在人工智能中作用的普遍误解，并在新的方向上促进创新。A.challenge挑战；B.concern担心；C.fear害怕；D.misunderstanding误解。根据第一段中“Manypeoplerelate‘artificialintelligence’with‘bigdata.’”和“ButAIisnotonlyaboutlargedatasets,andresearchin‘smalldata’approacheshasgrownextensivelyoverthepastdecade.”可知，人们对数据在人工智能中的作用有普遍误解。故选D项。SectionBPassages(A) Fornearlythreedecades,wehavewaitedanxiouslyforaneffectivedrugthatcoulddefeatAlzheimer’sdisease.Webelievedwehadidentifiedtherootcausebehindthisdebilitatingcondition:stickyclumpsoftheproteinbeta-amyloid(β淀粉样蛋白)inthebrain.Evenasdrugafterdrughominginonthistargetfailedtomakeadifferencetosymptoms,wecontinuedtopourmoremoneyintotheeffort.Regrettably,itisnowbecomingclearthatthistimecouldhavebeenbetterspentzoomingout(缩放)frombeta-amyloid,tolookatthebigpictureofpossibleAlzheimer’scauses.Doingsorevealsafarmorecomplicatedanddangerousillness.Itseemstobeaconditionthatdoesn’thavealoneunderlyingtrigger,butinsteadresultsfrommultipleoverlappingprocessesandriskfactors.BythinkingofAlzheimer’sinthesamewayaswedovariedconditionslikeheartdisease,researchersarenowcombiningknowledgefromacrossdisciplinestoidentify,andtackle,themanyknownriskfactors.Thisnewapproachcomesnotamomenttoosoon,because10millionnewcasesofdementia(痴呆)arediagnosedgloballyeachyear.Thevastmajorityofthese,between60and70percent,areAlzheimer’sdisease.Aspeoplearelivinglongerthanever,thenumberofpeoplelivingwithdementiaispredictedtoalmostdoubleevery20years.AcceptingthatAlzheimer’sismorecomplicatedthanwethoughtmightseemdisheartening.Andyet,targetingthemanyfactorsimplicatedinthedisease,includingtheroleofinfections,diet,sleephabitsandinflammation,putsatleastsomecontrolbackinourownhands,becausethesearethingswecanalldosomethingabout.Itmeanswedon’thavetosimplywaitforpharmaceuticalcompaniestodeliver:wecanalsocutourownchancesofgettingdementia.Tunnelvisionhasheldusbackfortoolong.Withthisnewapproach,asingleeffectivedrugmightwellbeoutofthepicture,butinstead,thereisarealpossibilitythatwecoulddismantleAlzheimer’sbyathousandtinycuts.56.Wecanlearnfromthefirstandsecondparagraphsthattheauthorbelievesthat______.A.therewillbeoneeffectivedrugthatcancureAlzheimer’sdiseaseB.theproteinbeta-amyloidhasnothingtodowithAlzheimer’sdiseaseC.developinganeffectivedrugwasworthourmoneyandeffortsD.wehavebeenfocusingonasinglecauseforfartoolong 57.Bymentioningheartdiseaseinthefourthparagraph,theauthorintendsto______.A.emphasizethatweshouldattachgreatimportancetotacklingAlzheimer’sdiseaseB.explaintheunexpecteddifficultyinidentifyingthecausesofAlzheimer’sdiseaseC.illustratethatthecausesofAlzheimer’sdiseasearevariousandinterdisciplinaryD.predictthatAlzheimer’sdiseasewillbecuredinthesamewayastheheartdisease58.Theunderlinedword“dismantle”canbebestreplacedby______.A.researchintoB.breakdownC.lookdownD.inquireinto59.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.TherewillbeadrugdevelopedtodefeatAlzheimer’sinthefuture.B.ThegrowingseverityofAlzheimer’sisbeyondpeople’sexpectations.C.Peopleshouldrelyonthemselvesinsteadofdrugstodealwithdiseases.D.ZoomingoutforabigpicturehelpstolowertherisksofgettingAlzheimer’s.【答案】56.D57.C58.B59.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一种研究阿尔茨海默病的新方法。【56题详解】推理判断题。根据第一、二段“Fornearlythreedecades,wehavewaitedanxiouslyforaneffectivedrugthatcoulddefeatAlzheimer’sdisease.Webelievedwehadidentifiedtherootcausebehindthisdebilitatingcondition:stickyclumpsoftheproteinbeta-amyloidinthebrain.Evenasdrugafterdrughominginonthistargetfailedtomakeadifferencetosymptoms,wecontinuedtopourmoremoneyintotheeffort.Regrettably,itisnowbecomingclearthatthistimecouldhavebeenbetterspentzoomingout(缩放)frombeta-amyloid,tolookatthebigpictureofpossibleAlzheimer’scauses.(近三十年来，我们一直在焦急地等待一种有效的药物来战胜阿尔茨海默氏症。我们相信我们已经找到了这种使人衰弱的疾病背后的根本原因：大脑中黏糊糊的β-淀粉样蛋白块。尽管针对这一目标的一种又一种药物未能改变症状，我们仍继续投入更多的资金。遗憾的是，现在越来越清楚的是，我们本可以更好地利用这段时间来研究β-淀粉样蛋白，来研究阿尔茨海默病的可能病因)”可知，作者认为我们关注一个原因太久了。故选D项【57题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“BythinkingofAlzheimer’sinthesamewayaswedovariedconditions likeheartdisease,researchersarenowcombiningknowledgefromacrossdisciplinestoidentify,andtackle,themanyknownriskfactors.(通过以我们研究心脏病等多种疾病的相同方式来研究阿尔茨海默病，研究人员现在正在结合各学科的知识来识别和处理许多已知的风险因素)”可知，本段提到心脏病，作者是为了说明阿尔茨海默病的病因是多种多样、跨学科的。故选C项。【58题详解】词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Withthisnewapproach,asingleeffectivedrugmightwellbeoutofthepicture,(有了这种新方法，一种单一有效的药物可能就不存在了)”以及后句but可知，我们有可能通过一千个微小的突破口来消除阿尔茨海默病。由此推知，划线词dismantle意为“消除”，与breakdown意思接近。故选B项。【59题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Fornearlythreedecades,wehavewaitedanxiouslyforaneffectivedrugthatcoulddefeatAlzheimer’sdisease.(近三十年来，我们一直在焦急地等待一种可以战胜阿尔茨海默病的有效药物)”和最后一段“Tunnelvisionhasheldusbackfortoolong.Withthisnewapproach,asingleeffectivedrugmightwellbeoutofthepicture,butinstead,thereisarealpossibilitythatwecoulddismantleAlzheimer’sbyathousandtinycuts.(狭隘的视野阻碍我们太久了。有了这种新方法，一种单一有效的药物可能就不存在了，但相反，我们有可能通过一千个微小的突破口来消除阿尔茨海默病)”可知，文章主要讲述了未来将会有一种药物被开发出来击败阿尔茨海默病。故选A项。（B）UniversityShotokanKarateClubLearnKarate—self-defenseandfitnessTheuniversitykarateclubwasfoundedin1962.Allgradesfrombeginnerstoadvancedarewelcome.Theclassesaresuitableforbothmenandwomenandseveralwomenhaveobtainedtheirblackbelt.TUESDAYANDTHURSDAY6.00—8.00p.m.WEAVERHOUSEGYMFIRSTLESSONFREEHardlyanyofushaveexperiencedrealviolence,but,overthelastfewyears,attacksoninnocentpeoplehaveincreased.Eachofushassomeabilitytodefendourselves,andbylearningaformof self-defence,wearenotonlyincreasingthatability,butalsodoingsomethingtobuildourownsenseofrespect.Karatewillshowyoualotofsimpleandeffectivetechniquestoprotectyourself,givingyouincreasedself-confidence.Fartoomanypeoplethinkmartialarts(武术)areaboutviolence.Martialartstrainingisbasedonalotofrespect,self-discipline,self-controlandnon-violence.Welearnbasicetiquette,courtesyandtolerance.Goodmannersandconsiderationforothersareexpectedatalltimes.Karateisthepracticeofblockingandstrikingtechniquesforthepurposeofself-defence,healthandself-development.Karateexercisestheentirebody.Techniquesarepractisedonbothsidesofthebody.Therefore,muscleimbalancesdonotoccurandthestrength,coordination,flexibilityandagilityofbothsidesofthebodyareimproved.RegulartraininginKarateimprovesthebody’sphysicalenduranceandflexibility.Italsohelpsconcentrationandproducesthementalcalmandassurancethatcomefromknowingwecandefendourselves.Karatehasmanybenefitsbuttheydonotcomeeasilyorovernight.Trainingrequiresongoingcommitmentandhardwork.Someofyouwillgiveup,butafewofyouwillgetyourblackbelt.60.WhatcanbelearnedaboutUniversityShotokanKarateClub?A.Morementhanwomenhavebeenitsmembers.B.Ittestsmemberstoseewhatleveltheyareat.C.Membersdon’tneedtopayforthelessons.D.Itoffers4hoursoflessonseveryweek.61.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutKarateistrue?A.Itfocusesasmuchonself-defenceasonattack.B.Itmakespeoplehealthyphysicallyinsteadofmentally.C.Itcultivatespeople’srespectforthemselvesaswellasforothers.D.Itinvolvespeople’sarmmusclesmorethanbodymuscles.62.Thepassageismainlyintendedto_______.A.informreadersofbenefitsofKarateB.correctpeople’smisunderstandingofKarateC.encouragepeopletogettheirblackbeltD.attractreaderstojointheclub【答案】60.D61.C62.D 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，学校的跆拳道俱乐部准备招募学员，这篇文章介绍了跆拳道的相关知识。跆拳道不仅可以锻炼身体，增强体质，还能培养人的自尊，自律和为他人着想的内在品质。【60题详解】细节理解题。根据文章中的“TUESDAYANDTHURSDAY6:00-8:00p.m.”（周二和周四，下午6点到8点）可知，俱乐部周二和周四上课，每节课持续2两小时，所以每周总共上4小时。故选D项。【61题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Welearnbasicetiquette,courtesyandtolerance.Goodmannersandconsiderationforothersareexpectedatalltimes.”（我们学习基本礼仪，礼仪和宽容。任何时候都要有礼貌、为他人着想。）可知，跆拳道能够培养人的自尊、礼仪和为他人着想的内在品质。故选C项。【62题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段的“Allgradesfrombeginnerstoadvancedarewelcome.Theclassesaresuitableforbothmenandwomenandseveralwomenhaveobtainedtheirblackbelt.”（从初学到高段的所有层次都可以。课程男女都适合，已经有几个女学员获得了黑带）和“FIRSTLESSONFREE”（第一节免费）可知，这篇文章的主要目的是吸引读者参加跆拳道俱乐部学习。故选D项。(C)OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduringthepastquarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachingonehasbeentheinevitabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.Yetaconsiderablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsofcriticismpublishedinthe20thcenturyconsistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews.Toreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefactthattheirlearnedcontentswereonceconsideredsuitableforpublicationingeneral-circulationdailies.WeareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublishedinEnglandbetweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWarII,atatimewhennewsprintwas dirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredanornament(装饰)tothepublicationsinwhichitappeared.Inthosefar-offdays,itwastakenforgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabouttheeventstheycovered.Theirswasaseriousbusiness,andeventhosereviewerswhoworetheirlearninglightly,likeGeorgeBernardShawandErnestNewman,couldbetrustedtoknowwhattheywereabout.Thesemenbelievedinjournalismasacalling,andwereproudtobepublishedinthedailypress.“Sofewauthorshavebrainsenoughorliterarygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism,”Newmanwrote,“thatIamtemptedtodefine‘journalism’as‘atermofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowriterswhoare’.”Unfortunately,thesecriticsarevirtuallyforgotten.NevilleCardus,whowrotefortheManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975,isnowknownsolelyasawriterofessaysonthegameofcricket.Duringhislifetime,though,hewasalsooneofEngland’sforemostclassical-musiccritics,astylistsowidelyadmiredthathisAutobiography(1947)becameabest-seller.Hewasknightedin1967,thefirstmusiccritictobesohonored.Yetonlyoneofhisbooksisnowinprint,andhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsavetospecialists.IsthereanychancethatCardus’scriticismwillenjoyarevival?Theprospectseemsremote.Journalistictasteshadchangedlongbeforehisdeath,andpostmodernreadershavelittleusefortherichlyupholsteredVicwardianproseinwhichhespecialized.Moreover,theamateurtraditioninmusiccriticismhasbeeninheadlongretreat.63.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?A.English-languagenewspaperswithmoreartscoveragesellwell.B.Youngreadersnowadaysenjoyreadinghigh-qualityartscriticism.C.Thecriticismpublishedinthe20thcenturylackedlearnedcontents.D.ThereweremoreartsreviewsinEnglish-languagenewspapersinthepast.64.Basedonthethirdparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Thenewsprintwastoocheaptomakeprofits.B.Notallwriterswerecapableofjournalisticwriting.C.Artscriticismwasremovedfromtheprintnewspapers.D.Writersarelikelytobetemptedintojournalism.65.WhywasCardus’scriticismnolongerpopular?A.Becausehemainlywroteessaysonthegameofcricket. B.Becausepeoplecastdoubtonhisreputationasaknight.C.Becausehismusiccriticismfailedtoappealtoreadersnowadays.D.Becausehisworkswerequiteamateurratherthanprofessional.66.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.TheDistinguishedCriticsinMemoryB.TheLostHorizoninNewspapersC.TheShortageofLiteraryGeniusesD.TheNewspapersoftheGoodOldDays【答案】63.D64.B65.C66.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要描写报纸上的高质量的艺术评论已经不复存在。【63题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.Yetaconsiderablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsofcriticismpublishedinthe20thcenturyconsistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews”（对于40岁以下的普通读者来说，很难想象在大多数大城市报纸上都能找到高质量的艺术评论。然而，20世纪出版的大量最重要的批评文集中，很大一部分是报纸评论。）可知，英国的报纸过去有更多的艺术评论。故选D。【64题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Sofewauthorshavebrainsenoughorliterarygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism”（很少有作家有足够的头脑或文学天赋来保持自己在新闻业的地位）可知，并不是所有作家都有新闻写作的能力。故选B。【65题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Journalistictasteshadchangedlongbeforehisdeath,andpostmodernreadershavelittleusefortherichlyupholsteredVicwardianproseinwhichhespecialized.”（早在他去世之前，新闻品味就发生了变化，后现代主义读者觉得他所擅长的辞藻华丽的的Vicwardiam风格的散文几乎没有什么用处。）可推断，他的评论无法吸引后现代主义者。故选C。【66题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduringthepastquarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachingonehasbeentheinevitabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.”（过去的25年间，发生在英文报纸上的所有变化中，影响深远的变化可能就是其艺术报道上的范畴和严肃性的不可避免的衰退。）以及最后 一段“Moreover,theamateurtraditioninmusiccriticismhasbeeninheadlongretreat.”（此外，音乐批评的业余传统也在一路退却。）可知，本文主要描写报纸上的高质量的艺术评论已经不复存在，即报纸评论现象的消失。故B项“报纸上消失的范畴”可概括主题，选项中的“Horizon”在此指代“界限；范畴”，最适合作为本文标题。故选B。SectionCArethingsnotworkingoutinyourlife,despiteyourdoingallthe“right”things?Isitpossiblethatyouareholding“unforgiveness”inyourheart?Itisworththinkingabout.Whatdoyoudowhensomebodyhurtsyou?Doyouwanttohurtthatpersonback,ordoyouholditagainstthemfortherestofyourlife?Ifyouanswered“yes”tothesequestions,youarelikemostpeople.____67____Peopledon’tforgivereadily,becauseitiseasiertohatethantoforgive.Somepeoplethinktoforgiveisasignofweakness,butactuallytoforgivetakescourageandeffort.Forgivenessisagiftfromagenerousheart.Itisnotarewardforgoodbehavior.Itisnotbasedonwhetherthepersondeservesitorwhetherthepersonhasaskedforit.Besides,forgivenessisanactandalong-termprocess.____68____Itisanactbecauseitisnotjustthewordsyousay,butalsoyouractionswhichshowifyou’vetrulyforgivensomeone.____69____Ittakesalotofenergytohateandtokeepthathateinplace.Hateputsunwantedstressonyourbody.Itisawell-knownfact,provenbynumerousstudies,thatbitternesscanactuallymakeyousick.Themomentthoseaffectedpeopleforgiveandletgooftheirhate,theywillstarttogetwell.____70____Ihavepersonalexperienceofthis.Iusedtobeverycynical(愤世嫉俗的)aboutlifeanddidn’tforgiveeasily.Atthetime,Ialsostruggledineveryareaofmylife.Thingsjustdidn’tseemtoworkoutforme.Itisasifeverythingthatcouldgowrong,alwayswentwrong.Thatwasuntilsomebodytoldmetotakealookatmyattitude.AndwhenIforgavethosewhowrongedmeandchangedmyattitude,everythingelsechanged.Itdidn’thappenovernight.Ittookawhile,butIcouldseeandfeelthedifference.A.Thosewholearntoforgivedeserverespectfromothers.B.Toforgiveissomethingthatmostpeoplehavedifficultywith.C.Thedeeperyourpain,thelongeritusuallytakestocompletelyforgive.D.Forgivenessbringsfreedom,whilehateisneithersweetnorsatisfying.E.Forgivenessisnecessarybecauseitreleasesyoufromtheburdenofbitternessandhate. F.Psychologically,forgivenessisdefinedasadecisiontoreleasehatetowardapersonwhohasharmedyou.【答案】67.B68.C69.E70.D【解析】【导语】本文是议论文。大多数人难以选择宽恕，作者结合自身经历劝诫人们要学会宽恕，宽恕能带给我们好处。【67题详解】上文“Ifyouanswered‘yes’tothesequestions,youarelikemostpeople.(如果你对这些问题的回答是肯定的，那么你和大多数人一样)”说读者和大多数人一样，引发思考：大多数人到底是什么样？B项“Toforgiveissomethingthatmostpeoplehavedifficultywith.(宽恕是大多数人难以做到的事)”揭示答案，大多数人难以宽恕别人，下文“Peopledon’tforgivereadily,becauseitiseasiertohatethantoforgive.(人们不轻易宽恕，因为恨比宽恕更容易)”进一步阐明了原因，上下文语意连贯。故选B。【68题详解】根据上文“Besides,forgivenessisanactandalong-termprocess.(此外，宽恕是一种行为，是一个长期的过程)”可知，宽恕是一个漫长的过程，C项“Thedeeperyourpain,thelongeritusuallytakestocompletelyforgive.(你的痛苦越深，通常宽恕需要的时间就越长)”中进行了具体分析，说明宽恕可能需要很长时间，上下文语意连贯。故选C。【69题详解】下文“Ittakesalotofenergytohateandtokeepthathateinplace.Hateputsunwantedstressonyourbody.Itisawell-knownfact,provenbynumerousstudies,thatbitternesscanactuallymakeyousick.(仇恨和保持仇恨是需要很多精力的。仇恨会给你的身体带来不必要的压力。一个众所周知的事实是，许多研究证明，怨恨实际上会让你患病)”描述了怨恨和仇恨会带来困扰与麻烦，E项“Forgivenessisnecessarybecauseitreleasesyoufromtheburdenofbitternessandhate.(宽恕是必要的，因为它让你从怨恨和仇恨的负担中解脱出来)”说宽恕可化解怨恨和仇恨，上下文语意连贯，且句中bitterness和hate前后照应。故选E。70题详解】根据下文“Ihavepersonalexperienceofthis.(我个人有过这样的经历)”和指代关系可知，设空句中应明确下文中this指代对象，再结合段中“AndwhenIforgavethosewhowrongedmeandchangedmyattitude,everythingelsechanged.Itdidn’thappenovernight.Ittookawhile,butIcould seeandfeelthedifference.(当我宽恕了那些冤枉我的人，改变了我的态度，一切都变了。这不是一夜之间发生的。虽然花了一段时间，但我能看到并感觉到不同)”可推知，作者经历的事情与“宽恕”和“改变”有关，D项“Forgivenessbringsfreedom,whereashateisneithersweetnorsatisfying.(宽恕带来自由，仇恨既不甜蜜也不令人满足)”讲宽恕带来自由，带来改变，与段中作者经历一致，同时也是下文中this指代对象，上下文语意连贯。故选D。V.Translation71.他的缺乏自律给这位客座教授留下了糟糕的印象。（impression）（汉译英）【答案】Hislackofself-disciplineleftabadimpressiononthevisitingprofessor.【解析】【详解】考查短语和时态。lackof缺少，缺乏；self-discipline自律；leaveanimpressiononsb.给某人留下印象；visitingprofessor客座教授。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据句意，故翻译为Hislackofself-disciplineleftabadimpressiononthevisitingprofessor.72.父母对孩子越不耐心，孩子越容易患抑郁症。(themore...,themore...)(汉译英)【答案】Thelesspatientparentsarewiththeirchildren,themorelikelytheirchildrenaretosufferfromdepression.【解析】【详解】考查固定句型。“themore...,themore...”是固定句型，表示“越……，就越……”，the后面跟形容词或副词的比较级，该句型是一个复合句，前面部分是状语从句，后面部分是主句。分析中文原句，“父母对孩子越不耐心”是条件状语从句，“父母”是主语，用parents表示，“耐心”作表语，用形容词patient表示，“对……越不耐心”用比较级结构lesspatientwith...表示，译为thelesspatientparentsarewiththeirchildren；“孩子越容易患抑郁症”是主句，“孩子”是主语，用theirchildren表示，“越容易”作表语，用形容词likely的比较级形式morelikelytodo...，“患抑郁症”用动词短语sufferfromdepression表示，用不定式作主语补足语，译为themorelikelytheirchildrenaretosufferfromdepression。综上，全句译为：Thelesspatientparentsarewiththeirchildren,themorelikelytheirchildrenaretosufferfromdepression.73.直到他坚持到底，为足球队赢得比赛的最后一分，人们才认可他为一位称职的队长。（until）（汉译英）【答案】Hewasnotrecognizedasacompetentcaptainuntilhewentallthewayandwonthelastpointofthegameforthefootballteam.【解析】 【详解】考查名词，动词，形容词，代词，介词，连词，短语和时态。表示“他”应用代词；表示“坚持到底”应用动词短语goalltheway；表示“为”应用介词for；表示“足球队”应用名词短语thefootballteam；表示“赢得”应用动词win；表示“比赛的最后一分”应用名词短语thelastpointofthegame；表示“人们认可”应用动词短语berecognized；表示“为”应用介词as；表示“称职的”应用形容词competent；表示“队长”应用名词captain；表示“直到…才”应用连词not…until。这句话描述的是过去的事情，所以谓语用一般过去时。故翻译为Hewasnotrecognizedasacompetentcaptainuntilhewentallthewayandwonthelastpointofthegameforthefootballteam.