上海市静安区市西中学2021-2022学年高一英语下学期期中线上试题（Word版附解析）

202204高一年级英语学科阶段诊断I.ListeningComprehension20%SectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestansweryouhaveheard.1.A.Husbandandwife.B.Bossandassistant.CManagerandcustomer.D.Teacherandstudent2.A.Atabusstation.B.Ataflowershop.C.Atadepartmentstore.D.Atapostoffice.3.A.Heisunemployedatpresent.B.Heownsacompanynow.C.Hestillworksintheagency.D.Heisunabletosupporthisfamily.4.A.At9:40.B.At10:00.C.At10:20.D.At11:00.5.A.Satisfied.B.Relieved.C.Surprised.D.Excited.6.A.Themanbeginstotakeupcollectingpostcards.B.Themanhasnevercollectedanypostcards.C.ThewomanwillgotoEgyptforherholiday.D.Thewomandidn’tpostanypostcardfromEgypt.7.A.Shecan’taffordthatmuchforatrip.B.Sheisfortunatetohavemadealotofmoney.C.Shedoesn’tthink5,000dollarsisenoughforthetrip.D.Shethinksshewillgetalargeamountofmoney.8.A.Hewantstobuythenewcar.B.Hethinkshissignatureisnecessary.C.Hehasalreadysignedacontract.D.Hedoesn’talwayssaywhathemeans.9.A.Themanhadpoorimaginationbecauseofthecaraccident.B.Themanmusthaveadvisedthewomantoweartheseatbelt.C.Thewomanwaslikelytohavegotseriouslyinjuredinthecaraccident. D.Thewomanwasn’twearingtheseatbeltwhentheaccidenthappened.10.A.Violencesportsarethesourceofsocialinstability.B.Violencesportsarethecauseofcrimeandschoolbullying.C.Violencesportsserveasanescapefornegativeemotions.D.Violencesportswon’tattractmanypeople’sinterestinthelongrun.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Toexplainanewrequirementforgraduation.B.Tointereststudentsinacommunityserviceproject.C.Todiscusstheproblemsofelementaryschoolstudents.D.Toinvolveelementaryschoolteachersinaspecialprogram.12.A.Providingjobsforgraduatingstudents.B.Offeringtutorialstoelementaryschoolstudents.CHelpingeducationmajorsprepareforfinalexams.D.Fundingforacommunityserviceproject.13.A.Heteachespart-timeinalocalelementaryschool.B.Heobserveselementaryschoolstudentsintheclassroom.C.Hehelpsstudentswhoneedconsultpreparetheirrésumé.D.Hegivessupporttostudentswhoparticipateinaspecial.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Theywanttoeatinafashionablewaylikeyoungpeople.B.Theyprefertoeatfoodthatistastierandmorewidelyaccepted.C.Theybecomeawareoftheharmprocessedfoodsdotohealth. D.Theytrytochangetheirwayofprocessingfoodslittlebylittle.15.A.Theycontainnottoomanychemicaladditives.B.Theyarecultivatedinthesoilrichinorganicmatters.C.Theyproduceasmanycaloriesasprocessedfoods.D.Theyareusuallygrownincommercialfarmingareas.16.A.Theyareallowedtomoveaboutandeatvariousfood.B.Theyaretastythoughkeptinthecrowdedbuilding.C.Theycanhardlygrowinahealthywaywithoutgoodfood.D.Theyproduceeggswhichusuallycontainimportantvitamins.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Itwasonacrossstreet.B.Theyhadnotimetoseeit.C.Ithadnoparkingspace.D.Theyweren’tinfavorofit.18.A.Itistoosmallinsize.B.Itblockstheair-conditioner.C.Itadmitsheatfromthelateafternoonsun.D.Itstopsthesunbeatingdownonthecurtains.19.A.Parkinganddeskspace.B.Parkingandair-conditioning.C.Privacyandcleanliness.D.Quietnessandsunlight.20.A.Theoneon18thStreet.B.Theoneon68thStreet.C.Theoneon72ndStreet.D.Theoneon80thStreet.II.GrammarandVocabulary30%SectionA10%Directions:Choosethebestanswerforeachblank.1.Andrewisabrilliantstudent,________issuretosucceedinwhatevercareerhechooses.A.andwhoB.oneC.andoneD.onewho【1题答案】【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查同位语及定语从句。句意：Andrew是一个聪明的学生，无论他选择什么职业，他都一定会成功。根据句子结构可知，此句是非限制性定语从句。用one作Andrew的同位语， 引导词指代one和Andrew，且在从句中作主语，故用who引导定语从句，故选D。2.IwonderedwhatwaysJohnniecouldsuggest________solvethisdifficultproblem.A.helpingB.tohelpC.helpD.helped【2题答案】【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我想知道约翰尼能提出什么方法来帮助解决这个难题。分析句子，在宾语从句“whatwaysJohnniecouldsuggest_______solvethisdifficultproblem”中，“Johnniecouldsuggest”是定语从句修饰先行词ways，其后“_______solvethisdifficultproblem”也是后置定语，修饰名词ways；名词way表示“方式，方法”，常跟不定式作后置定语，waytodo...意为“做的方法”。故选B项。3.NoneofthemedicineItook________effective,buteatingsensiblyandexercisingregularly________nowmy“personal”waystoboostimmunityagainstflu.A.was…isB.were…isC.was…areD.were…are【3题答案】【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我服用的所有药物都没有效果，但现在合理饮食和定期锻炼是我提高对流感免疫力的“个人”方法。分析句子成分可知，第一个空格的主语为noneofthemedicine，因为medicine为不可数名词，所以谓语动词应该用单数，且根据定语从句中的took可知，句子描述的是过去的事件，所以要用一般过去时，所以第一空为was；第二个空格的主语为eatingandexercising，是并列的动名词，代表两个动作，所以要看作复数，所以谓语动词用原形，且根据句中的时间状语now可知，句子描述的现在，所以要用一般现在时，所以第二空为are。故选C项。4.________thathewasingreatdanger,Ericwalkeddeeperintotheforest.A.NotrealizedB.NottorealizeC.NotrealizingD.Nothavingrealized【4题答案】【答案】C【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：埃里克没有意识到自己处于巨大的危险中，他向森林深处走去。分析句子可知，动词realize是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语Eric之间是主动关系，且与谓语动词“walked”同时发生，应用现在分词一般式作状语，结合句意，用否定形式。故选C项。5.TherewasaninterestingillustrationinthebookthatIwasreading________whathishometownwaslikeinhiseyes.A.describingB.describedC.todescribeD.describe【5题答案】【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查现在分词。句意：我正在读的书里有一个有趣的插图，描述了在他眼中家乡的样子。根据句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词。逻辑主语aninterestingillustration与describe是主谓关系，故用现在分词，作定语，修饰illustration。故选A。6.Itisgenerallybelievedthattrueloveislikehealth,________isseldomknownuntilitneverreturns.A.thevalueofitB.thevalueofwhichC.itsvalueD.whichvalue【6题答案】【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：人们普遍认为，真爱就像健康一样，其价值很少被人知，直到它再也回不来了。根据句子结构可知，此句是非限制性定语从句，先行词是health。根据句意，此处表示“健康的价值很少被人知”。表示“……的价值”，用短语thevalueof，of是介词，所以定语从句的引导词用which。故选B。7.Respectforthelawisthefoundationofcivilizedsociety.________breaksit,hewillbepunishedbylaw.A.WhomeverB.AnyonewhoC.NomatterwhoD.who【7题答案】【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：尊重法律是文明社会的基础。无论谁违反了它，他都将 受到法律的惩罚。分析选项，anyonewho和who不能引导状语从句；whomever可引导让步状语从句和名词性从句，但它是宾格形式，在从句中作宾语；nomatterwho只能引导让步状语从句，意为“无论谁”。分析句子，“______breaksit”是让步状语从句，whomever引导让步状语从句时，在从句中作宾语，而本题中是作主语，所以只能用nomatterwho引导该从句。故选C项。8.Upon________togivealecturetous,theprofessorbegantocollectvariousmaterialsforhisspeech.A.invitingB.beinginvitedC.invitedD.invitation【8题答案】【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：教授一被邀请来给我们做讲座，就开始为他的演讲收集各种材料。upon是介词，跟动名词作宾语，根据句意，动词invite与其逻辑主语theprofessor之间是被动关系，应用动名词的被动式beinginvited。故选B项。9.Apple’sPixarAnimationStudiowasthefirst________thatcomputeranimationcouldbeused________stories.A.havingshown…tellingB.tohaveshown…tellingC.havingshown…totellD.toshow…totell【9题答案】【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：苹果公司的皮克斯动画工作室是第一个展示电脑动画可以用来讲故事的公司。分析句子可知，第一空应用动词不定式作定语，thefirsttodosth.第一个做某事；第二空表示“被用来做某事”，用固定短语beusedtodosth.，动词不定式作目的状语。故选D项。10.ZhouZhenglong,theShanxifarmer,________guiltyoffakingphotographsoftheSouthChinatiger,________alightersentenceoftwo-and-a-halfyearsinprison.A.wasfound,receivingB.found,receivingC.havingbeenfound,receivedD.found,wasreceived【10题答案】 【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词、时态和语态。句意：山西农民周正龙因伪造华南虎照片被从轻判处两年半有期徒刑。第一空为非谓语动词，主语ZhouZhenglong与find之间为被动关系，且动作发生在主句动作之前，所以用现在分词完成式的被动形式。第二空为谓语动词，陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。动词receive与主语之间为主动关系，所以用主动语态。故选C。SectionB10%Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.TheLastofShanghai’sHistoricShikumenHousesAsShanghai’sboomingpopulationmoveintonewapartmenttowers,thecity’shistoricShikumencourtyardhousesarestrugglingtosurvive.NewZealandphotographerCodyEllingham’s“ShanghaiStreets”seriesexploresthecolonial-eralanehouses,now____11____(tear)downfornewhousingdevelopmentsatarapidspeed.____12____(build)betweentheendofthe19thcenturyandWorldWarII,thesebuildingstookinfluencefromtraditionalChinesehutongsandcolonialFrenchandBritishArtDecoarchitecture.Neighborhoodsofshikumen,withnarrowandpedestrian-friendlystreets,____13____(make)upanestimated60percentofthecity’shousingstockattheirpeak.Butinthe1990s,Shanghaistartedtofavortallapartmentbuildings____14____(keep)upwiththecity’sfast-growingpopulation.“Ireallyfelt____15____theywerewaitingintheshadowoftheencroaching(入侵)skyscrapers,”Ellinghamsaidwhenhewasphotographingthehouses.ShikumenarebarelyholdingoninLaoximen;inareaslikeTianzifangandXintiandi,redevelopmentprojectshavetriedtoturnthehistoricbuildingsintotouristattractions.____16____somepreservationefforts,manyresidenceshavealreadybeenerased.“AtonelocationnearLaoximen,anentrancewasleftopen,soIpoppedmyheadinandsawalocal____17____wassmokingcigaretteamongsttheruinsinsideandtalkingintohisphone,”Ellinghamsaid.“Iwalkedinandnoddedtohim.HowmanyplaceslikethishadIseen?”Demolitions(拆除)aren’tsystematic---familiescontinuetoliveinneighborhoodswhereemptybuildingsorrubbleareeverywheretobeseen.“Theonlycluetotheirpresence____18____bealight onatnighttime,orthesoundsofcookingortelevision,____19____therestoftheareaisbathedinsilentdarkness,”Ellinghamsaid.Thephotos’coolblueandpurpletones______20______(mean)tohighlightthecontrastbetweenoldandnew,andreflecthowthecityfeelsatnight.“Likeinallcities,thechangedoesnotseemapparentuntilitistoolate,”saidEllingham.【11~20题答案】【答案】11.beingtorn12.Built13.made14.tokeep15.asif##asthough16.Despite17.who##that18.may19.while20.aremeant【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是上海石库门是一种融汇了西方文化和中国传统民居特点的建筑，但近年来随着拆迁正在逐渐消失。【11题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：新西兰摄影师CodyEllingham的“上海街道”系列探索了殖民时代的巷子房子，现在正被快速拆除，用于新的住宅开发。句中谓语是explores，空格处用非谓语动词，房子是被拆除，由now可知，是现在正在被拆除，因此空格处用现在分词的被动语态，即beingtorn。故填beingtorn。【12题详解】考查过去分词。句意：这些建筑建于19世纪末至第二次世界大战期间，受到了中国传统胡同和法国、英国殖民时期装饰艺术建筑的影响。句中谓语是took，空格处用非谓语动词，建筑是被修建，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Built。【13题详解】考查时态。句意：石库门附近有狭窄的步行街，据估计，在高峰时期，这里的住房存量占到该市住房存量的60%。空格处是谓语，由“attheirpeak”可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式made，故填made。 【14题详解】考查不定式。句意：在20世纪90年代，上海开始青睐高楼大厦，以跟上城市快速增长的人口。分析句意和语境可知，空格处用不定式tokeep表目的，故填tokeep。【15题详解】考查连接词。句意：埃林厄姆在拍摄这些房屋时表示:“我真的觉得他们好像在被入侵的摩天大楼的阴影下等待。”分析句意和语境可知，句子表示“真的觉得他们好像在被入侵的摩天大楼的阴影下等待”，空格处是“好像”，是asif/asthough。故填asif/asthough。【16题详解】考查介词。句意：尽管采取了一些保护措施，但许多住宅已经被拆除。由后文的“somepreservationefforts,manyresidenceshavealreadybeenerased”可知，句子表示“尽管采取了一些保护措施，但许多住宅已经被拆除”，空格处是“尽管”，用介词despite，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Despite。【17题详解】考查定语从句。句意：“在老西门附近的一个地方，一个入口是开着的，所以我探头进去，看到一个当地人在废墟中抽烟和打电话，”Ellingham说。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词local是人，因此空格处用关系代词who/that。故填who/that。【18题详解】考查情态动词。句意：埃林厄姆说:“它们存在的唯一线索可能是晚上亮着的灯，或者做饭或看电视的声音，而该地区的其他地方都沉浸在寂静的黑暗中。”空格后是动词原形be，空格处用情态动词，根据语境可知，句子表示“它们存在的唯一线索可能是晚上亮着的灯”，空格处是“可能”，是情态动词may，故填may。【19题详解】考查连词。句意：埃林厄姆说:“它们存在的唯一线索可能是晚上亮着的灯，或者做饭或看电视的声音，而该地区的其他地方都沉浸在寂静的黑暗中。”由上文的“alightonatnighttime,orthesoundsofcookingortelevision”和后文的“therestoftheareaisbathedinsilentdarkness”可知，前后是对比，表轻微的转折，因此空格处用while，意为“而”。故填while。【20题详解】考查固定短语，时态和主谓一致。句意：照片中冷色调的蓝色和紫色意在突出新旧之间的对比，并反映出城市在夜晚的感觉。bemeanttodo是固定短语，意为“意在做某事”，主语tones 是复数，由“andreflect”可知，句子时态是一般现在时，因此空格处是aremeant。故填aremeant。SectionC10%Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.remainedB.castC.violentD.familiarE.classifiedF.creativityG.overcomingH.maintainedI.domesticJ.justiceK.originatingForaslongaswehavebeenabletostanduprightandspeak,wehavetoldstories.Theyexplainedthemysteriesoftheworld:birth,death,theseasons,dayandnight.Ashumanityprogressed,othertypesofstoriesdeveloped.Thesewerenotconcernedwiththemysteriesofthemeaningoflifebutwitheveryday____21____matters.Whiletheyweremoremundane(平淡的)intheissuestheyexplored,suchtaleswerenolessimpressiveintheir____22____ofthesupernatural.Thesesmaller,everydaystories,combiningtheworldofhumanswithfantasticalcreaturesandseeminglyimpossibleplotsarenow____23____asfairytalesorfolktales.Suchtales,____24____inpre-literatesocietiesandtoldbythefolk,capturethehopesanddreamsofhumanity.Theyconveymessagesof____25____difficulties,risingfromragstoriches,andthebenefitsofcourage.Fairytalesarealsoextremelymoralintheirdistinctionbetweengodandevil,rightandwrong.Their____26____reflectstheancienttraditionofaneyeforaneye,andtheirpunishmentsareruthlessandcomplete.Originallyforadults,fairytalescanbe____27____andfilledwithtaboos.WhentheearliestrecordedversionsweremadebycollectorssuchastheBrothersGrimm,theadultcontentwas____28____.ButasChristianmoralityintervened(介入),thetalesbecamechild-friendly.Despitethesechanges,itisapparentthatfairytalesarestillneededtoday,evenforgrown-ups.Weconsciouslyandunconsciouslycontinuetotellthem,despiteadvancesinlogic,scienceandtechnology.The20thanniversaryofthedeathofDiana,PrincessofWales,forexample,hasbeen____29____likeherlife—asafairytale.Throughouttheyear,shehasbeencommemorated(纪念)inarticleswithheadingssuchas“atroubledfairytale”,“beyondafairytale”,and“justanotherfairytale.”Whilethesearticleshavetriedhardtodeconstructthe______30______narrative,theyhavenot beenentirelysuccessful.【21~30题答案】【答案】21.I22.F23.E24.K25.G26.J27.C28.H29.B30.D【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类自古至今都喜欢讲故事，这些故事表达了人类的希望和梦想，也传达了许多美好的信念。【21题详解】考查形容词。句意：他们关心的不是生命意义的奥秘，而是日常的家庭事务。根据上文的“Thesewerenotconcernedwiththemysteriesofthemeaningoflife”可知，这里讲的是这些故事不是关于生命的意义，再根据空后的名词matters可知，此空为形容词形式。domestic“家庭的”为形容词，符合句意。故选I。【22题详解】考查名词。句意：虽然他们探索的问题更加平凡，但这些故事在超自然的创造力方面同样令人印象深刻。根据空前的their以及空后的of可知，此空为名词形式。再根据上文所说的，这些故事和探索相关，所以指的应该是创造性。creativity“创造性”为名词，符合句意。故选F。【23题详解】考查形容词。句意：这些小的、日常的故事，结合了人类的世界、奇幻的生物和看似不可能的情节，现在被归类为童话或民间故事。短语beclassifiedas被归类于，符合句意。故选E。【24题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些故事起源于没有文字的社会，由民间讲述，表达了人类的希望和梦想。根据下文的pre-literatesocieties可知，此处讲的是故事的起源，且应为现在分词作定语。originating“起源于”为非谓语动词，符合句意。故选K。【25题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们传达了克服困难、白手起家和勇气的好处的信息。介词of后接动名词形式。根据下文difficulties以及“risingfromragstoriches,andthebenefitsofcourage ”可知，这里讲述的是故事所表达的积极的意思。overcoming“克服”为非谓语动词，符合句意。故选G。【26题详解】考查名词。句意：他们的正义体现了以眼还眼的古老传统，他们的惩罚是无情和彻底的。根据上文“Fairytalesarealsoextremelymoralintheirdistinctionbetweengodandevil,rightandwrong.”可知，童话故事极具道德感，所以体现了它们的正义。根据空前their可知，应填名词形式。justice“公正，正义”为名词，符合句意。故选J。【27题详解】考查形容词。句意：童话故事原本是为成年人准备的，可能充满暴力和禁忌。根据空后的“filledwithtaboos.”以及“ButasChristianmoralityintervened,thetalesbecamechild-friendly.”可知，童话世界一开始并不适合孩子阅读，由此推测，内容上是充满暴力。violent“暴力的”为形容词，符合句意。故选C。【28题详解】考查动词。句意：当格林兄弟等收藏家制作最早的有记录版本时，成人内容被保留了下来。根据下文“ButasChristianmoralityintervened,thetalesbecamechild-friendly.”可知，基督教的道德观介入之后，内容才适合孩子阅读。说明之前暴力的内容被保留了下来。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。maintained“维持，保留”为动词，符合句意。故选H。【29题详解】考查动词。句意：例如，威尔士王妃戴安娜逝世20周年纪念日被描绘成她的生活——一个童话故事。根据下文“asafairytale”可知，空处指的是她的生活被描述成童话故事。短语becastas“被描绘成”。故选B。【30题详解】考查形容词。句意：尽管这些文章努力解构这种熟悉的描述，但它们并没有完全成功。名词narrative前用形容词修饰。根据上文“Throughouttheyear,shehasbeencommemoratedinarticleswithheadingssuchas“atroubledfairytale”,“beyondafairytale”,and“justanotherfairytale.””可知，这些年，媒体都是这样描述她的生活的。所以指的是熟悉的描述。familiar“熟悉的”为形容词，符合句意。故选D。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrases markedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Everybodylovestohateinvasivespecies.Theinternationallistofinvasivespecies—definedasthosethatwereintroducedbyhumanstonewplaces,andthen____31____—runstoover4,000.InAustraliaandNewZealandhotwarisfoughtagainstintroducedcreatureslikecanetoads(蔗蟾蜍)andrats.Somethingsthatareuncontroversial(无争议的)arenonethelessfoolish.Withafewimportantexceptions,campaignsto____32____invasivespeciesaremerelyawasteofmoneyandeffort—forreasonsthatarepartlypracticalandpartlyphilosophical.Startwiththepracticalarguments.Mostinvasivespeciesareneitherterriblysuccessfulnorvery____33____.Britonsthinkthemselvessurroundedbyforeignplants.____34____,Britain’sinvasiveplantsarenotwidespread,notspreadingespeciallyquickly,andoftenlessofa(n)____35____thanvigorousnativeplants.Thearrivalofnewspeciesalmostalways____36____biologicaldiversity(多样性)inaregion;inmanycases,afloodofnewcomersdrivesnonativespeciestoextinction.Onereasonisthatinvaderstendtocolonise____37____habitatslikepollutedlakesandpost-industrialwasteland,wherelittleelselives.Theyarenature’sopportunists.Thephilosophicalreasonforstartingwarontheinvadersisalso____38____.Eliminationcampaignstendtobe____39____bythebeliefthatitispossibletorestorebalancetonature—toreturnwoodsandlakestothestatebeforehuman______40______.Thatismisguided.Natureisaneverlastingmess,withspeciesconstantlyemerging,withdrawingandhybridizing(杂交).Humanshaveonlyquickenedtheseprocesses.Goingbacktoancienthabitatsisbecoming______41______inanycase,becauseofman-madeclimatechange.Takingontheinvadersisa(n)______42______gesture,notameanstoanachievableend.Areasonableattitudetoinvadersneednotimplypassivity.Afewforeignspeciesaretruly______43______andshouldbefought:theNileperch–afish,hashelpeddrivemanyspeciesoffishtoextinctioninLakeVictoria.Itmakessenseto______44______pathogens(病菌),especiallythosethatdestroywholenativetreespecies,andtostopknownagriculturalpestsfromgainingafoothold.Fencingoffwildlifereservestocreateopen-airecologicalmuseumsisfine,too.AnditisagoodideaforEuropeangardenerstodestroyJapaneseplants,justastheygivenospacetonativeharmfulgrasseslikebindweedandgroundelder.Youcangardeninagarden.Youcannotgarden______45______. Thatisuniversallyaccepted.31.A.multipliedB.shrunkC.disappearedD.harvested32.A.conserveB.eliminateC.investigateD.prioritize33.A.healthyB.intentionalC.harmfulD.profitable34.A.AsaresultB.ForexampleC.BycontrastD.Infact35.A.attractionB.dominanceC.annoyanceD.substitute36.A.increasesB.destroysC.revealsD.targets37.A.oppressedB.disturbedC.cultivatedD.preserved38.A.acceptableB.needlessC.mistakenD.convincing39.A.fueledB.organizedC.interruptedD.greeted40.A.civilizationB.interferenceC.interactionD.maintenance41.A.tolerableB.impossibleC.beneficialD.critical42.A.reluctantB.disorderlyC.invalidD.unbalanced43.A.damagingB.flexibleC.doubtfulD.outstanding44.A.pickupB.takeinC.keepoutD.turndown45.A.agricultureB.vegetationC.atmosphereD.nature【31~45题答案】【答案】31.A32.B33.C34.D35.C36.A37.B38.C39.A40.B41.B42.C43.A44.C45.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章认为除了一些特例，无论从事实角度还是哲学角度分析，消灭入侵物种都是没必要的，号召我们针对入侵物种要理性有区分地对待。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：入侵物种的国际名单——被定义为那些被人类引入新的地方，然后繁殖的物种——超过4000种。A.multiplied繁殖，倍增；B.shrunk减少；C.disappeared消失；D.harvested收获。根据后文“InAustraliaandNewZealandhotwarisfoughtagainst introducedcreatureslikecanetoads(蔗蟾蜍)andrats.”可知，有些国家针对引进的生物采取了遏制措施，可推断是因为这些生物在引进地大量繁殖。故选A项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些事情是没有争议的，但却是愚蠢的。除了一些重要的例外，消灭入侵物种的行动只是浪费金钱和精力——部分原因是实际的，部分原因是哲学上讲的。A.conserve保护：B.eliminate消除；C.investigate调查；D.prioritize优先考虑。根据后文“Eliminationcampaignstendtobe___9___bythebeliefthatitispossibletorestorebalancetonature—toreturnwoodsandlakestothestatebeforehuman___10___.”可知，很多地方都存在消灭入侵物种的行为。故选B项。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大多数入侵物种既不是非常成功，也不是非常有害。A.healthy健康的；B.intentional故意的；C.harmful有害的；D.profitable盈利的。根据下文“Britonsthinkthemselvessurroundedbyforeignplants._____,Britain’sinvasiveplantsarenotwidespread,notspreadingespeciallyquickly,andoftenlessofa(n)______thanvigorousnativeplants.”可知，，大多数入侵物种并不是非常有害。故选C项。【34题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：事实上，英国的入侵植物并不普遍，传播速度也不是特别快，而且通常也没有生命力旺盛的本土植物那么烦人。A.Asaresult结果；B.Forexample比如；C.Bycontrast对比；D.Infact事实上。根据前文“Britonsthinkthemselvessurroundedbyforeignplants.”可知，英国人对于入侵物种有着错误的认知，作者接下来是在解释真正的事实，所以用infact开头来开始自己的解释。故选D项。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，英国的入侵植物并不普遍，传播速度也不是特别快，而且通常也没有生命力旺盛的本土植物那么烦人。A.attraction魅力；B.dominance支配地位；C.annoyance烦恼；D.substitute替代品。根据后文“hearrivalofnewspeciesalmostalways___6___biologicaldiversity(多样性)inaregion;inmanycases,afloodofnewcomersdrivesnonativespeciestoextinction.”可知，入侵物种对地区也存在积极意义，相比之下本土生命力旺盛的植物反而令人烦恼。故选C项。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：新物种的到来几乎总是会增加一个地区的生物多样性。A.increases 增加；B.destroys破坏；C.reveals揭露；D.targets把……作为攻击目标。根据后文“Onereasonisthatinvaderstendtocolonise___7___habitatslikepollutedlakesandpost-industrialwasteland,wherelittleelselives.Theyarenature’sopportunists.”可知，新物种选择受到干扰的栖息地繁殖，并没有破坏本地物种的栖息环境，所以对于当地而言，生物多样性增加了。故选A项。【37题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其中一个原因是，入侵物种倾向于在受到干扰的栖息地殖民，比如被污染的湖泊和后工业时代的荒地，那里几乎没有其他生物。他们是自然界的机会主义者。A.oppressed受压迫的；B.disturbed受干扰的；C.cultivated用于耕作的；D.preserved受保护的。根据后文“likepollutedlakesandpost-industrialwasteland,wherelittleelselives”可知，他们选择的栖息地是诸如被污染的湖泊、荒地等被人类干扰的地方。故选B项。【38题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对入侵物种发动战争的哲学理由也是错误的。A.acceptable可接受的；B.needless不必要的；C.mistaken错误的；D.convincing令人信服的。根据前文“Withafewimportantexceptions,campaignsto___2___invasivespeciesaremerelyawasteofmoneyandeffort—forreasonsthatarepartlypracticalandpartlyphilosophical.”可知，作者认为无论从实际角度还是哲学角度，对入侵物种发动战争都是金钱和精力的浪费，是错误的。故选C项。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：消灭运动往往是受到这样一种信念的刺激，即有可能恢复自然的平衡——使森林和湖泊恢复到人类干预之前的状态。A.fueled刺激，加剧；B.organized组织；C.interrupted打断；D.greeted欢迎，迎接。根据前文“Everybodylovestohateinvasivespecies.”及“InAustraliaandNewZealandhotwarisfoughtagainstintroducedcreatureslikecanetoads(蔗蟾蜍)andrats.”可知，对入侵物种发动战争，企图消灭它们，这种行为是比较普遍的，可推断消灭运动受到一定的信念刺激。故选A项。【40题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：消灭运动往往是受到这样一种信念的刺激，即有可能恢复自然的平衡——使森林和湖泊恢复到人类干预之前的状态。A.civilization文明；B.interference干预；C.interaction互动；D.maintenance维护。根据后文“Humanshaveonlyquickenedtheseprocesses.”可知，人类的介入使得森林和湖泊发生了变化，这是人类干预大自然的结果。故选B项。【41题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于人为的气候变化，要想回到古老的栖息地已经不可能了。A.tolerable可忍受的；B.impossible不可能的；C.beneficial有益的；D.critical关键的。根据后文“becauseofman-madeclimatechange”可知，气候在人类的干预下发生了很大变化，导致栖息环境也发生了很大变化，结合常识也可知，回到古老的栖息地是不可能的事情。故选B项。【42题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与入侵者物种较量是一种无效的姿态，而不是达到可达到目的的手段。A.reluctant不情愿的；B.disorderly混乱的；C.invalid无效的；D.unbalanced失衡的。根据前文“Eliminationcampaignstendtobe___9___bythebeliefthatitispossibletorestorebalancetonature—toreturnwoodsandlakestothestatebeforehuman___10___Thatismisguided.Natureisaneverlastingmess,withspeciesconstantlyemerging,withdrawingandhybridizing(杂交).Humanshaveonlyquickenedtheseprocesses.”可知，作者认为消灭入侵者的运动是错误的，物种的出现、消失和杂交都是一个自然的过程，所以作者认为与入侵者较量是没必要的，是无效的。故选C项。【43题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一些外来物种确实具有破坏性，应该与之斗争:尼罗河鲈鱼——一种导致维多利亚湖许多鱼类灭绝的鱼类。A.damaging破坏性的；B.flexible灵活的；C.doubtful怀疑的；D.outstanding杰出的。根据后文“theNileperch–afish,hashelpeddrivemanyspeciesoffishtoextinctioninLakeVictoria”可知，尼罗河鲈鱼导致了维多利亚湖很多鱼类的灭绝，可知这种入侵物种是具有破坏性的。故选A项。【44题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：阻止病原体进入，尤其是那些破坏整个本地树种的病原体，并阻止已知的农业害虫获得立足之地，是有意义的。A.pickup捡起，接送；B.takein吸收；C.keepout阻止进入；D.turndown拒绝。根据后文“andtostopknownagriculturalpestsfromgainingafoothold”可知，作者认为阻止病原体进入生态环境与阻止已知的害虫生存是同样具有重要意义的。故选C项。【45题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你不能种植自然。A.agriculture农业；B.vegetation植被；C.atmosphere气氛；D.nature自然。根据前文“AnditisagoodideaforEuropeangardenerstodestroyJapaneseplants,justastheygivenospacetonativeharmfulgrasseslikebindweedandground elder.”可知，针对不同物种不能一概而论，有害的物种要杜绝其进入，作者以种植为例，说明我们要有选择地种植，而不能把整个大自然的所有物种都种植到自己的花园里。故选D项。SectionB16%Directions:Readthefollowingtwopassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveread.(A)Handwritinghasexistedforabout6,000years.It’soneofourmostimportantinventions.Withoutit,wewouldn’tbeabletorecordknowledgeorpassideasfromonegenerationtothenext.Mostofusknow,butoftenforget,thathandwritingisnotnatural.It’snotlikeseeingortalking,whicharewhatwearebornwith.InearlyAmerica,onlywealthymenandbusinessmenlearnedtowrite.A“goodhand”becameasignofclassandintelligenceaswellasmorality.Most,meanwhile,signedlegaldocumentswithamere“X”andthepresenceofawitness.Writingonlyspreadtothemassesinthe19thcentury,afterschoolsbeganteachinghandwriting.________—left-handedstudentsoftenhadtheirarmtiedtightlytotheirbodies,sothey’dlearntowritewiththe“correct”hand.Inmoremoderntimes,youmayrememberspendinghourslearningthecorrectstroke(笔画),formationandspacingofupper-andlower-caseletters.Buttoday,schoolsareshiftingthefocustocourseworkinSTEM—shortforscience,technology,engineeringandmathematics.Withlimitedhoursandanincreasedpressuretomeethigherstandards,teachersareemphasizingtechnologyandtabletsandlessofthewrittenword.Technologyhasthreatenedwritinglongbeforeeveryman,womanandchildcarriedaphone.Itcamewiththeinventionofthetypewriter,whichstandardizedwrittencommunication,andthatsameargumentwillreappearastechnologyadvances.Idon’tknowifhandwritingwilleverdie.Buttoday,thegrowingemphasisontypingishavingfar-reachingeffects.Togetaglimpseofthefuture,justlookattheyouth.InsteadofcurlyQsorcrazyLs,kidsareusingemoticonssuchas☺ortogiveapersonaltouch.Typingismoredemocratic,too—itisn’tacomplicatedskilltomaster.Keyboardsarechangingthephysicalconnectionbetweenwritersandtext,andpeoplewhocan’twritebyhand,liketheblind,cannowusetoolstocommunicateonlybytouch. Isupposeit’seasytogrieveoverthepassingofoneera(年代)intoanother.Sure,I’llmissthewritingofletters,andthebeautifulandwell-practicedsignaturewrittenwithapen.Andwhilesomepathwaysinourbrainswillweakenwiththedeclineofhandwriting,we’lldevelopnewonesasweswipe(滑动)anddouble-clickourwayintothefuture.46.Beforethe19thcenturyinAmerica,________.A.onlyintelligentpeoplecouldlearnhandwritinginschoolsB.legaldocumentsweresignedwiththepresenceofawitnessC.mostofthepeopledidn’tevenknowhowtowritetheirnamesD.peoplewouldspendhourslearninghowtowriteeveryday47.Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbestfitintheblankinthethirdparagraph?A.WritingwasameansofhumancommunicationB.WritinghasalwaysbeenseriousbusinessC.SchoolstrieddifferentwaystoforcestudentstowriteD.Youngpeopleworkedhardtoimprovehandwriting48.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.A.theinventionofcellphonesstartedthedeclineofhandwritingB.handwritingwilldisappearbecauseyoungpeoplewritepoorlyC.typingmakesitpossibleforblindpeopletocommunicateD.typingiscomparativelyeasytolearn,evenforthedisabled49.Whatdoesthewriterimplyinthelastparagraph?A.Theeraofhandwritingisleavingandthatoftypingiscoming.B.Lettersandsignaturesaregraduallydisappearingforsure.C.Thedeclineofwritinghasdrawnmuchattentionfromthepublic.D.Ourbrainswillweakenwiththedeclineofhandwriting.【46~49题答案】【答案】46.C47.B48.D49.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了书写的历史、现状和未来。【46题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“InearlyAmerica,onlywealthymenandbusinessmenlearnedtowrite.A “goodhand”becameasignofclassandintelligenceaswellasmorality.Most,meanwhile,signedlegaldocumentswithamere“X”andthepresenceofawitness.Writingonlyspreadtothemassesinthe19thcentury,afterschoolsbeganteachinghandwriting.(在早期的美国，只有有钱人和商人才学会写字。“一手好字”成为阶级、智力和道德的标志。与此同时，大多数人只是在有证人在场的情况下，用一个“X”签下法律文件。直到19世纪学校开始教授书法之后，书写才开始普及)”可知，在19世纪之前的美国，大多数人甚至不知道怎么写自己的名字，只能用“X”签法律文件。故选C项。47题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段空格后破折号可知，下文是对前一句的解释说明，根据下文“left-handedstudentsoftenhadtheirarmtiedtightlytotheirbodies,sothey’dlearntowritewiththe‘correct’hand.(惯用左手的学生经常把胳膊紧紧地绑在身体上，这样他们就能学会用正确的手写字)”可知，学生们为了正确书写，甚至会用一些极端的办法，这说明写字是一件非常严肃的事情，B项所以“Writinghasalwaysbeenseriousbusiness”符合上下文连贯。故选B项。【48题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Typingismoredemocratic,too—itisn’tacomplicatedskilltomaster.Keyboardsarechangingthephysicalconnectionbetweenwritersandtext,andpeoplewhocan’twritebyhand,liketheblind,cannowusetoolstocommunicateonlybytouch.(打字也更加的平等——掌握这一技能并不复杂。键盘正在改变书写者和文本之间的身体联系，不能用手写字的人，比如盲人，现在只需要通过触摸就可以使用工具进行交流)”可知，打字相对来说比较容易学，即使对残疾人也是如此。故选D项。【49题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Isupposeit’seasytogrieveoverthepassingofoneera(年代)intoanother.Sure,I’llmissthewritingofletters,andthebeautifulandwell-practicedsignaturewrittenwithapen.Andwhilesomepathwaysinourbrainswillweakenwiththedeclineofhandwriting,we’lldevelopnewonesasweswipe(滑动)anddouble-clickourwayintothefuture.(从一个时代进入另一个时代，很容易感到悲伤。当然，我会想念字母的书写，以及用钢笔写的优美而熟练的签名。虽然我们大脑中的一些神经通路会随着书写的衰落而减弱，但当我们在未来的道路上滑动和双击时，我们会发展出新的通路)”可知，作者在最后一段中表达了对书写时代的怀念和对打字时代的期待。由此推知，最后一段中暗示了书写的时代正在离去，打字的时代正在到来。故选A项。 (B)Academiclearningisusuallyinthespotlightatschool,butteachingelementary-agestudents“soft”skillslikeself-controlandhowtogetalongwithothersmighthelptokeepat-riskkidsoutofcriminaltroubleinthefuture,astudyfinds.DukeUniversityresearcherslookedataprogramcalledFastTrack,whichwasstartedinthe1990sforchildrenwhowereidentifiedbytheirteachersandparentstobeathighriskfordevelopingaggressivebehavioralproblems.Thestudentswererandomizedintotwogroups;halftookpartintheintervention(干预),whichincludedateacher-ledcurriculum,parenttraininggroups,academictutoringandlessonsinself-controlandsocialskills.Theprogram,whichlastedfromfirstgradethroughtenthgrade,reducedarrestsanduseofhealthandmentalhealthservicesasthestudentsagedthroughadolescenceandyoungadulthood,asresearchersexplainedinaseparatestudy.Inthelateststudy,researcherslookedatthe“why”behindthosepreviousfindings.Inlookingatthedatafromnearly900students,theresearchersfoundthataboutathirdoftheimpactonfuturecrimeoutcomeswasduetothesocialandself-regulationskillsthestudentslearnedfromages6to11.TheacademicskillsthatweretaughtaspartofFastTrackturnedouttohavelessofanimpactoncrimethandidthesoftskills,whichareassociatedwithemotionalintelligence.“Theconclusionthatwewouldmakeisthatthesesoftskillsshouldbeemphasizedevenmoreinoureducationsystemandinoursystemofsocializingchildren,”saysKennethDodge,aprofessoratDukewhowasaprincipalinvestigatorinthisstudyaswellasintheoriginalFastTrackproject.Parentsshoulddoalltheycantopromotetheseskillswiththeirchildren,Dodgesays,asshouldeducationpolicymakers.ToNeilBernstein,apsychologistinWashington,D.C.,whospecializesinchildandadolescentbehaviordisorders,theresearchers’findingsseemtomatchwhathe’sseenamongthegeneralpublicinworkingwithchildrenformorethan30years.Andwhilehesaysheagreeswiththeimportanceofteachingself-controlandsocialskills,hewouldaddempathytothelist,too.“Empathyiswhatmakesusawareofthefeelingsofothers,andwhenyou’reempathic,you’remuchlesslikelytohurtsomeoneelse’sfeelings,”saysBernstein,whoservesontheadvisoryboardforthePartnershipforDrug-FreeKids.“Beingintunewithhowsomeoneelsefeelsmightalsomakeadolescentsavoidbullyingandotherbehaviorsofconcern,”Bernsteinsays. WhileBernsteinthinksthestudy’sfindingsaremeaningfulandcouldpotentiallyserveasamodelforschools,hesaysthatcollectivelygettingaschoolsystem,teachers,parentsandstudentsallmotivatedenoughtotakepartinaninterventionlikeFastTrackischallenging.50.FastTrackisaimedto________.A.improvechildren’sacademicskillsB.helpthechildrenwithbehaviordisordersC.identifytheproblematicchildrenD.classifychildrenintodifferentgroups51.NeilBernsteinthinksthat________.A.empathicchildrenaremorelikelytohavehigheremotionalintelligenceB.thefindingsofthestudiesdisagreewithwhathehasfoundinhisworkC.empathyisequallyessentialineducatingandsocializingchildrenD.self-controlandsocialskillsarenotasimportantasempathy52.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A.It’shardtoinvolveeveryoneconcernedinapplyingthefindings.B.Softskillswerenotpartoftheeducationsysteminthepast.CThefindingsaremeaninglessunlessguidedbyFastTrack.D.Adolescenceisthemostcriticalstageinaperson’slife.53.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A.Academicskillsarepaidtoomuchattentionatschools.B.Academicskillshavenoinfluenceonchildren’sbehaviors.C.Softskillsaremuchhardertodevelopthanacademicskills.D.Softskillsplayasignificantroleinpreventingfuturecrimes.【50~53题答案】【答案】50.B51.C52.A53.D【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述的是软技能的重要性，以及在未来预防犯罪中扮演的重要角色。【50题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“DukeUniversityresearcherslookedataprogramcalledFastTrack, whichwasstartedinthe1990sforchildrenwhowereidentifiedbytheirteachersandparentstobeathighriskfordevelopingaggressivebehavioralproblems.(杜克大学(DukeUniversity)的研究人员研究了一个名为“快车道”(FastTrack)的项目，该项目始于上世纪90年代，目的是帮助那些被老师和家长认定有可能出现攻击性行为问题高风险的孩子)”可知，FastTrack是致力于帮助那些有行为障碍的儿童。故选B。【51题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的“Andwhilehesaysheagreeswiththeimportanceofteachingself-controlandsocialskills,hewouldaddempathytothelist,too.(虽然他说，他同意教授自我控制和社交技能的重要性，但他也会把同理心加到清单上)”可知，NeilBernstein认为同理心在教育和教孩子适应社会方面同样重要。故选C。【52题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“WhileBernsteinthinksthestudy’sfindingsaremeaningfulandcouldpotentiallyserveasamodelforschools,hesaysthatcollectivelygettingaschoolsystem,teachers,parentsandstudentsallmotivatedenoughtotakepartinaninterventionlikeFastTrackischallenging.(尽管伯恩斯坦认为这项研究的发现是有意义的，并有可能成为学校的榜样，但是他说，让一个学校系统、教师、家长和学生都有足够的积极性来参与像快速通道这样的干预行动，是一个挑战。)”可知，很难让每个人都参与到这个研究中来。故选A。【53题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段内容“Academiclearningisusuallyinthespotlightatschool,butteachingelementary-agestudents“soft”skillslikeself-controlandhowtogetalongwithothersmighthelptokeepat-riskkidsoutofcriminaltroubleinthefuture,astudyfinds.(一项研究发现，学术学习通常是学校的关注焦点，但教小学生自我控制和如何与他人相处等“软”技能可能有助于让有风险的孩子在未来远离刑事纠纷。)”和全文内容可知，本文讲述的是，软技能的重要性，以及在未来预防犯罪中发挥着重要作用。故选D。SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Anopinionpollwasconductedintheearly1990stofindouttheculturalattitudesofresidentsoffivecountriesinWesternEurope(Britain,France,Italy,SpainandGermany).Onethousandpeople, formingarepresentativesampleoftheadultpopulation,fromeachofthefiveparticipatingcountrieswereinterviewed.Thepollassumedthatliterature,history,science,arts,law,economicsandsoonwouldberegardedassignificantelementsofculturebyallparticipants,butitsetouttoexaminetheareaswhichtheyconsideredthemostimportantformsofculturalexpression.Inaddition,thepollrequiredintervieweestoindicateinaquestionnairethetypeofeducationtheyconsideredmostappropriateforthemodernworld,thebestchannelsofknowledgeandartstheymostvalued.___54___Theresultsofthepollshowinterestingdifferencesbetweentheparticipatingnationsintermsofwhichcomponentsofculturetheyregardasmostimportantformsofculturalexpression.FortheFrenchandItalians,literaturecomeswellatthetopofthelist.___55___HistoryoccupiessecondplacefortheFrench,theItaliansandGermansbutisgivenverylowprioritybytheBritish.FortheSpanishthesefourareasaremoreorlessequal,withmathematicshavingaslightedge.Itseemsthatmembersofeachcountryinthesurveyhaveacommondefinitionofculturebutthatdefinitionvariesfromcountrytocountry.___56___TheFrenchandItaliansareliterarypeoples,theBritishscientificandtheGermanspracticalandhard-working.Francehasthedistinction,accordingtotheresultsofthepoll,ofbeingthecountrywhichprovokesmostinterestfromitsBritish.ItalianandGermanneighbors.___57___TheFrenchalsoplacedItalyfirst.ItalyoccupiessecondplaceforboththeBritishandtheGermans.Itwouldseem,then,thatthe“literary”nationsofFranceandItalyaremoreculturallyexcitingthanthescientificBritishorthepracticalGermans!A.Incontrast,mathematicsisgivenprioritybytheBritishandeconomics,/politicsbytheGermans.B.TherearecleardifferencesintheviewsofvariousEuropeannations.C.TheintervieweeswerealsoaskedwhichEuropeancountrytheyfoundmostattractivefromaculturalpointofview.D.SpanishintervieweesindicatedmoreinterestinItalythaninFrance.E.Theresidentsofthefivecountriesofthesurveysharetheviewthatbooksarethebestwayofbroadeningknowledge.F.Thevariationstendtosupportthenationalstereotypeswehaveofoneanother.【54~57题答案】【答案】54.C55.A56.F57.D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一个关于西欧五个国家(英国、法国、意大利、西班牙和德国)居民的文化态度的民意调查。【54题详解】根据空前的“Inaddition,thepollrequiredintervieweestoindicateinaquestionnairethetypeofeducationtheyconsideredmostappropriateforthemodernworld,thebestchannelsofknowledgeandartstheymostvalued.”可知，此外，调查要求受访者在问卷中指出他们认为最适合现代世界的教育类型、他们最重视的知识和艺术的最佳渠道，此处承接上文，讲的还是受访者被要求回答的问题，故C项（受访者还被问及，从文化角度看，他们认为哪个欧洲国家最具吸引力）符合语境。【55题详解】本空前说对于法国人和意大利人来说，文学是最好的选择，空后又说法国人、意大利人和德国人把历史排在第二位，但英国人对历史的重视程度很低，此处应该介绍其他学科的情况，故A项（相比之下，数学被英国人优先考虑，经济学/政治学被德国人优先考虑）符合语境。【56题详解】根据本空前的“Itseemsthatmembersofeachcountryinthesurveyhaveacommondefinitionofculturebutthatdefinitionvariesfromcountrytocountry.”可知，调查中每个国家的人似乎对文化都有一个共同的定义，但这个定义因国家而异，此处承接上文，讲的是这种文化差异带来的影响，故F项（这些差异往往支持我们对彼此的国家刻板印象）符合语境。【57题详解】根据空后的“TheFrenchalsoplacedItalyfirst.”可知，法国也把意大利排在第一位，此处应该提到一种对意大利更感兴趣的情况，故D项（西班牙受访者对意大利的兴趣高于法国）符合语境。【点睛】在六选四的解题过程中，一定要注意选项和上下文中出现的表示转折、并列或递进关系的词语，这些关联词往往是重要线索，例如本篇第4题，根据空后的“TheFrenchalsoplacedItalyfirst.”可知，法国也把意大利排在第一位，“also”一词表明此处应该提到一种与后面并列的情况，即：对意大利更感兴趣，故D项（西班牙受访者对意大利的兴趣高于法国）符合语境。IV.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgivenin thebrackets.58.这个新发布的政策旨在让更多致力于建设家园的普通人获益。（mean）（汉译英）【58题答案】【答案】Thenewlyissuedpolicyismeanttobenefitmoreordinarypeoplewhodevotethemselvestobuildingtheirhomes.【解析】【详解】考查固定短语，时态，主谓一致和定语从句。“这个新发布的政策”是thenewlyissuedpolicy，“旨在做某事”是bemeanttodo，“让某人获益”是benefitsb.，“更多普通人”是moreordinarypeople，“致力于建设家园的”用who引导的定语从句来限定people，“致力于做某事”是devoteoneselftodoing，“建设家园”是buildtheirhomes，因此整句话翻译为“Thenewlyissuedpolicyismeanttobenefitmoreordinarypeoplewhodevotethemselvestobuildingtheirhomes”。故答案为Thenewlyissuedpolicyismeanttobenefitmoreordinarypeoplewhodevotethemselvestobuildingtheirhomes。59.要求所有市民足不出户，耐心等待胜利时刻的到来。（require）（汉译英）【59题答案】【答案】Allcitizensarerequiredtostayindoorsandwaitpatientlyforthearrivalofthemomentofvictory.【解析】【详解】考查一般现在时的被动语态及并列句。根据句意可知，句子表达的是当前的一般情况，所以要用一般现在时，且两句话之间是并列关系，需要用and连接；第一个分句的主语为“所有市民”，译为allcitizens；谓语动词为“要求”，译为require，与主语之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；“被要求做某事”要用berequiredtodosrh.来表示，“足不出户”即“呆在室内”的意思，译为stayindoors，所以“要求所有市民足不出户”译为Allcitizensarerequiredtostayindoors。第二个句子的谓语为“等待”，译为wait，“耐心”修饰wait，需要用副词形式，译为patiently；wait为不及物动词，后接宾语时要先加介词for，宾语“到来”译为arrival，“胜利时刻的”要用名词所有格形式，译为ofthemomentofvictory，所以“耐心等待胜利时刻的到来”译为waitpatientlyforthearrivalofthemomentofvictory。故译为Allcitizensarerequiredtostayindoorsandwaitpatientlyforthearrivalofthemomentofvictory.60.政府呼吁志愿者们关心照顾好独居老人，这是中国良好传统。（appeal）（汉译英）【60题答案】 【答案】Thegovernmentappealstovolunteerstotakegoodcareoftheoldpeoplewholivealone,whichisagoodtraditionofChina.【解析】【详解】考查定语从句，时态及短语。根据句意，此句描述一般事实，故用一般现在时。表示“政府”用Thegovernment；表示“呼吁某人做某事”用短语appealtosb.todosth.，主语Thegovernment是单数，故用appeals；表示“好好照顾”用takegoodcareof；表示“独居老人”用定语从句wholivealone修饰名词词组theoldpeople；表示“这是中国的良好传统”用非限制性定语从句whichisagoodtraditionofChina，引导词which指代“照顾好独居老人”这件事；结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为Thegovernmentappealstovolunteerstotakegoodcareoftheoldpeoplewholivealone,whichisagoodtraditionofChina.61.正是在参加了职业体验日后，Tom才清楚地认识到“贵在努力”。（count）（汉译英）【61题答案】【答案】ItwasaftertakingpartintheprofessionalexperiencethatTomclearlyrealizedthat“whatcountsistoworkhard”.【解析】【详解】考查强调句和宾语从句。“正是……某人才……”用强调句，结构是“itis/was+被强调的部分+that/who+其他部分”，句中被强调的部分是“在参加了职业体验日后”，翻译为“aftertakingpartintheprofessionalexperience”，被强调的是时间，所以用that，“Tom才清楚地认识到”用一般过去时，翻译为“Tomclearlyrealizedthat...”，“贵在努力”是客观事实，时态用一般现在时，是whatcountsistoworkhard，因此整句话翻译为“ItwasaftertakingpartintheprofessionalexperiencethatTomclearlyrealizedthat“whatcountsistoworkhard””，故答案为ItwasaftertakingpartintheprofessionalexperiencethatTomclearlyrealizedthat“whatcountsistoworkhard”。62.只有使用了特殊设备，我们才能把这副油画赝品和原作区分开。（Only）（汉译英）【62题答案】【答案】Onlybyusingspecialequipmentcanwedistinguishthefakeoilpaintingfromtheoriginalone.【解析】【详解】考查倒装句。分析句子成分和句子结构可知，句子主语为“我们”，译为we，谓语动词为“能区分”，译为candistinguish；“把……和……区分开”需要用到短语 distinguish…from…，其中“这副油画赝品”译为thefakeoilpainting，“原作”译为theoriginalone，用one来指代前面提到的painting；方式状语为“通过使用特殊设备”，译为byusingspecialequipment，所以可翻译为Wecandistinguishthefakeoilpaintingfromtheoriginaloneonlybyusingspecialequipment；当only+介词短语位于句首时，句子要使用半倒装结构，此时需要把can提到主语前面。故翻译为Onlybyusingspecialequipmentcanwedistinguishthefakeoilpaintingfromtheoriginalone。