2022高考英语复习：高考英语词汇400题及详解（一）

　　1.Inthisfactory,suggestionsoftenhavetowaitformonthsbeforetheyarefully_____.　　A.admittedB.acknowledged C.absorbed D.considered　　[答案]D.considered　　[注释]considered考虑;admit承认;absorb吸收。　　[注意]acknowledge1)(=agreeoradmitthetruthof;confess)承认,供认;A.Heacknowledgedhismistake.(他承认了他的错误。)B.接动名词Heacknowledgedhavingbeenbeaten.(他承认被打败了。)2)(expressthanksfor)致谢;A.Maryacknowledgedthegiftwithapleasantletter.(玛丽致函感谢馈赠的礼物。)B.Hislongservicewiththecompanywasacknowledgedwithapresent.(向他赠送礼品以感谢他长期来对公司的服务。)　　2.Theboyslippedoutoftheroomandheadedfortheswimmingpoolwithouthisparents'_____.　　A.command  B.conviction  C.consent D.compromise　　[答案]C.consent　　[注释]consent同意,赞成,答应。conviction深信,确信。compromise妥协,折中。command命令,指令;掌握,运用能力。　　3.Ourresearchhasfocusedonadrugwhichisso_____astobeabletochangebrainchemistry.22/22\n　　A.powerfulB.influential  C.monstrous D.vigorous　　[答案]A.powerful　　[注释]powerful(=havingorproducinggreatpower)强有力的。在这里四个形容词中,只有powerful(有效力的)可与表示药物的名词搭配。influential有影响的,有势力的,monstrous异常大的,vigorous精力旺盛的,强健有力的。　　4.ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfound_____inthewoodsoffthehighway.　　A.vanished B.abandoned C.scattered D.rejected　　[答案]B.abandoned　　[注释]abandoned(=giveupcompletely)放弃,抛弃;1)Thescientistabandonedhisresearchforlackoffund.2)Thesailorsabandonedtheburningship　　[注意]abandon暗指某人对其所抛弃的人或物将会发生什么事情不感兴趣,如把撞坏的汽车抛弃在路旁。vanish(=suddenlydisappear;gooutofexistence)vi.消失,绝迹;1)Theairplanevanishedintotheclouds.2)Manykindsofanimalshavevanishedformtheearth.(许多种类的动物以在地球上绝迹。)  scatter(=send,goindifferentdirection)驱使,使分散;Thepolicescatteredthecrowed.(警察驱散人群。)(=throworputinvariousdirections)撒,到处放;Hescatteredhisclothesallovertheroom.reject(=refusetoaccept)拒绝接受;She22/22\nrejectedmysuggestion　　5.Henry'snewsreportcoveringtheconferencewasso_____thatnothinghadbeenomitted.　　A.understanding  B.comprehensible　　C.comprehensive  D.understandable　　[答案]C.comprehensive.　　[注释]comprehensive完全的无所不包的;comprehensible能懂的,可以理解的;understandable可以理解的,主要用来指人的行为。understanding用来指人时,表示"善于理解别人或别人问题的(人)。"注意下面的搭配：acomprehensivemap(街区详图);acomprehensibleremark(听得懂的话),anunderstandablemistake(可以理解的错误);anunderstandingfriend(一位能理解人的朋友)。　　6.Shewasafraidthatunlessthetrainspeededupshewouldloseher_____toScotland.　　A.ticket   B.place   C.seat   D.connection　　[答案]D.connection　　[注释]loseone'sconnectionto误了到......地方去的(汽车、火车、轮船的)联运;ThetrainwaslateandImissedmyconnection.22/22\n　　7.Theshipwas_____inastormoffJamaica.　　A.drowned   B.sunk  C.wrecked  D.submitted　　[答案]C.wrecked　　[注释]wreckvt.撞坏,毁坏;1)Mysonwreckedmycar.2)Mycarwascompletelywreckedintheaccident.　　sinkvt.下沉,沉没,该动词也可作及物动词用,意为“使下沉”,但按本题句意看,用被动语态不妥。drown溺死,淹死：(vt.)Hedrownedhiswife.(vi)Hedrownedintheriver.(他在河里淹死了。)submit1)(=putoneselfunderthecontrolofanother)提交,呈送(to)：Shouldawifesubmitherselftoherhusband?(妻子应顺从他丈夫吗？)2)(=putforwardforoption,discussion,decisionect.)提出(供评论、讨论决定等)Youmustsubmityourrequesttothecommittee.3)(=surrender(to),givein)屈服,投降：Afterbeingdefeated,theysubmittedtotheenemy.(打败后,他们向敌人投降了。)　　8.Noonehas_____beenabletotracetheauthorofthepoem.　　A.still  B.yet  C.already  D.just　　[答案]B.yet　　[注释]yet常用于现在完成时的否定句中,意为“尚,还”。　　9.Morethanone-thirdoftheChineseintheUnitedStates22/22\nliveinCalifornia,_____inSanFrancisco.　　A.previouslyB.predominantlyCpracticallyD.permanently　　[答案]B.predominantly.　　[注释]predominantly(=mostly;mainly)主要地。previously(=comingearlierintimeororder)先前,早先;Thisisbetterthananysolutionpreviously.(这个办法比以前提出的任何解决办法都好。)practically(=really;inapracticalway)实际上。permanently(=goingonforalongtime)永久地。　　本题译文：在美国,华人中有三分之一居住在加利福尼亚洲,其中主要是在旧金山。　　10.Thenewsecretaryhaswrittenaremarkably_____reportonlyinafewpagesbutwithallthedetails.　　A.concise  B.clear  C.precise  D.elaborate　　[答案]A.concise.　　[注释]concise(=brief;givingmuchinformationinfewwords)简明扼要的：Hegaveaconcisereportofthemeeting.(他对会议作了简明扼要的报道。)clear清楚的。precise(=exact;correctlystated;freeformerror)精确的,明白无误的;Pleasetellmetheprecisemeasurements.(请告诉我精确的尺寸。)elaborate(=workedoutwithmuch22/22\ncare;carefullyprepared)精心制作的,丰盛的：Peterworkedoutanelaborateschemeforraisingthemoney.(彼得制定了一项详尽得计划来筹集着笔款项。)孤立地看,似乎4个形容词均能修饰report,但从句子的逻辑关系看,后半句中有onlyinafewpagesbutwithallthedetails,故concise是最贴切的选择了。　　11.Themanagingdirectortookthe_____fortheaccident,althoughitwasnotreallyhisfault.　　A.guilt   B.charge   C.blame  D.accusatio　　[答案]C.blame.　　[注释]taketheblamefor对......承担责任。Takechargeof负责管理(照顾)。[注意]charge前无冠词the.　　12.Theworkeragreedto_____thestrikeifthecompanywouldsatisfytheirdemands.　　A.callfor   B.callforth   C.calloff   D.callup　　[答案]C.calloff     [注释]详见III,25,26注释。　　13.Icouldjustseeacarinthedistance,butIcouldn't_____whatcoloritwas.　　A.lookout B.makeout  C.getacross  D.takeafter　　[答案]B.makeout     [注释]详见III,123注释。22/22\n　　14.Hehasimpressedhisemployersconsiderablyand_____heissoontobepromoted.　　A.eventually   B.yet   C.finally   D.accordingly　　[答案]D.accordingly.　　[注释]accordingly(=forthatreason,therefore)因此,所以。　　15.Itwasagreat_____forhimtobepleasanttopeoplehedidn'tlike.　　A.attempt   B.trouble  C.power   D.effort　　[答案]D.effort.　　[注释]effort(作可数名词用)(=vigorousattempt)努力的尝试：Doesitrequireagreateffortofwilltogiveupsmoking?(戒烟需要坚强的毅力吗？)　　16.Thefiremenmanagedto_____thefireintime.　　A.extinguish   B.prevent   C.suppress   D.ruin　　[答案]A.extinguish.　　[注释]extinguish(=putout)vt.扑灭(火焰等)。Stopthefire虽然也可以搭配,但按本句题意用extinguish为最佳。　　17.Whatismostobviousinthisbookareallthosedetails22/22\nofdailylivingwhichmakeMrs.Richard_____common.　　A.nothingbutB.anythingbutC.aboveallD.ratherthan　　[答案]B.anythingbut.　　[注释]anythingbut(=farfrombeing)根本不;Theboysknewtheybadbrokentherules,andtheywereanythingbuthappywhentheywerecalledtotheoffice.(=Theywereunhappyandafraid.)nothingbut只不过;Don'thavehimforafriend;he'snothingbutacriminal.(不要把他当朋友,他只不过是个罪犯。)Ihavenothingbuttwodollars.(我只有2美元。)aboveall最重要的。ratherthan而不是　　18.Thecarwascompletely_____andthedriverseriouslyinjured.　　A.brokenoffB.takenoffC.writtenoffD.pickedup　　[答案]C.writtenoff.[注释]writeoff报废,参看III,200.注释;breakoff参看III.13.注释;takeoff参看III.170.注释;pickup参看III.130,129.注释。　　19.Onthishappyoccasion,I'dliketosaythatweare_____muchobligedtoyouforyourkindcooperation.　　A.evenso  B.everso  C.asyet  D.sofar　　[答案]B.everso.　　[注释]everso(=very)非常;It'severso22/22\ncold.与名词搭配时则用eversuch,如：She'seversuchanicegirl.(她是一位非常好的姑娘。)evenso(=althoughthatistrue,nevertheless;still)即使如此：Thefirewasout,butevenso,thesmellofsmokewasstrong.(=Thefirewasout,butthesmellwasstillthere.)　　20.Hisnewappointmenttakes_____fromthebeginningofnextmonth.　　A.place   B.effect  C.post   D.office、　　[答案]B.effect. [注释]takeeffect生效。　　21.Thepolicemanstoppedhimwhenhewasdrivinghomeand_____himofspeeding.　　A.charged   B.accused   C.blamed   D.deprived　　[答案]B.accused.　　[注释]accusesb.of...控告某人犯有......,warnsb.of警告、告戒某人有......deprivesb.ofsth.剥夺某人某事。chargesb.withmurder(指控某人犯有杀人罪)。　　22.Mr.Smithgradually_____aknowledgeofthesubject.　　A.attained   B.achieved   C.required   D.acquired　　[答案]D.acquired.22/22\n　　[注释]acquired(=gainforoneselfbyskillorability,byone'sowneffortsorbehavior)(由技术、能力、努力或行为)获得;得到：HehasacquiredagoodcommandofEnglishlanguage.(他已精通英语。)achieve,vt.取得(胜利、成功等),实现(目标、目的等)。attain,vt.达到(目的等),取得(成就等)：1)Ihopeyouwillattainyourobject.(我希望你会达到你的目的。)2)Heattainedsuccessthroughhardwork.23.Thisisthe_____pianoonwhichthecomposercreatedsomeofhisgreatestworks.　　  A.actual   B.genuine   C.real   D.original　　[答案]A.actual  [注释]本题中actual(=existinginfact,notimaginary)实际使用过的。actual,read,genuine是同义词,有时可以互换,如：anactual(orreal)eventinhistory,(历史上的真实事件),real(orgenuine)banknotes(真钞票),其反义词是false(假的);original(原来的),其反义词是duplicate(复制的)。从不同的角度看,似乎任何一个选择都说得过去,但按照题意选A.actual最佳,因为题中强调的不是钢琴的真假,而是指作曲家“实际使用过的”。本题译文：这是作曲家创作他的一些杰出作品时实际使用过的那台钢琴。　　24.Mycameracanbe_____totakepicturesincloudyorsunnyconditions.　　  A.treated   B.adopted   C.adjusted   D.remedied　　[答案]C.adjusted.22/22\n　　[注释]adjust(=arrange,putinorderoragreement;makesuitableorconvenientforuse)强调,调节,使适应;Thebodyadjustsitselftochangeoftemperature.(身体能自行调节以适应温度的变化。)Myeyeshavenotbeenadjustedtodarkyet.(我的眼睛还没有适应黑暗。)本句中adjust是不及物动词。Imustadjustmywatch.It'sslow.(我必须调一下我的表。它走得慢了。)　　25.AccordingtothepsychoanalystSigmundFreud,wisdomcomesfromthe_____ofmaturity.　　  A.fulfillment     B.achievement　　  C.establishment   D.accomplishment　　[答案]B.achievement　　[注释]achievement(=somethingsuccessfullyfinishedorgainedespeciallythroughskillandhardwork)取得,达到,成就。例如：achievementage智力成熟年龄。fulfilment(=theactoffulfillingorconditionofbeingfulfilled)履行,实行。如：Hewaswillingtofaceanyhardshipinfulfilmentofhisduties.(他愿意迎向困难去履行他得职责。)establishment建立,建设。Accomplishment(顺利)完成：Itwasagreataccomplishmenttofinishthehousecleaningintwodays.(两天内打扫完这栋屋子是件很了不起的事。)　　26.Thenumberoftickets_____willbedeterminedbythesizeofthestadium.22/22\n　　A.adaptableB.acceptable C.advisable D.available　　[答案]D.available.　　[注释]available.(=capableofbeingused;thatmaybeobtained)可用的,有效的,可得到的。例如：1)Therearenodoctorsavailableintheremoteareas.(在边远地区没有大夫。)2)Thereticketsareavailableforonmonth.(这些票有效期一个月。)　　acceptable可以接受的：Noneofthesuggestionswasacceptable.advisable明智的,可取的,适当的：Ithinkitadvisablethathebeassignedtothejob.(我认为指派他干这项工作是可取的。)adaptable能适应的：Heisanadaptablemanandwillsoonlearnthenewwork.　　27.Toomanyhotelshavebeenbuiltandthishas_____prices,makingholidayscheaper.　　  A.cutshort   B.cutout   C.cutoff   D.cutdown　　[答案]D.cutdown.　　[注释]cutdown参阅III,38注释。　　28.Heisaveryhonestofficialandnever_____anygiftsfromthepeoplewhosoughthishelp.　　  A.accepted   B.received   C.tookup   D.excepted22/22\n　　[答案]A.accepted　　[注释]receive收到,接到,指“收,接”这一动作;而accept是经过考虑“接受”下来,表示当事人的态度,如：Ireceivedthepresent,butIdidnotacceptit.(我收到了这件礼物,但我没有接受。)　　29.Hewasnot_____totheclubbecausehewasn'tamember.　　A.allowed B.admitted C.permitted D.approved　　[答案]B.admitted.　　[注释]admitsb.to(=allowsb.orsth.toenter;letin)允许某人某物进入;让......进入：1)Childrenarenotadmitted.(儿童免进。)Onlyonehundredboysareadmittedtotheschooltheschooleveryyear.(这所学校每年只收100名男生。)admit(=acknowledge;confess)承认,供认：1)Wehavetoadmitthatheisahighlycompetentman.(我们不得不承认他是一位能力很强的人。)2)Thethiefadmittedhiscrime.3)Sheadmittedhavingreadtheletter,4)Iadmitbreakingthewindow.注意admit后可接动名词的一般式或完成式。5)Wemustadmitthetasktobedifficult。注意admit也可以接复合结构。allow和permit后均可接sb.todosth.,故不合本题题意。approvesth.批准;approveofdoingsth.(=thinkwellof)赞成,赞许：1)Iamafraidtheywon'tapproveofyourgoingthere.(恐怕他们不会赞成你去那里的。)2)Idon'tapproveofyour22/22\nwayoflookingatthings.(我不赞同你看待事情的方法。)　　30.Althoughhedoesn'tlikethatlaw,hewill_____withit.　　A.confine   B.conform   C.comply   D.contend　　[答案]C.comply   [注释]complywith遵守。　　31.Motorists_____ofspeedingmaybebannedfromdrivingforayear.　　A.convicted   B.arrested   C.charged   D.judged　　[答案]A.convicted.　　[注释]beconvictedto被判有......(罪)：Hewasconvictedofmurder.(他被法院判有谋杀罪。)　　32.Thereasonwhyheadaptedtothenewsituationsquicklyisthathehasa_____attitude.　　A.changeable B.alternate C.movable D.flexible　　[答案]D.flexible.　　[注释]flexible灵活的,可变通的;Weneedaforeignpolicythatismoreflexible.　　33.Willallthose_____theproposalraisetheirhands?　　  A.inrelationto   B.inexcessof22/22\n　　  C.incontrastto   D.infavorof　　[答案]D.infavorof.　　[注释]infavorof赞成。inexcessof超过。inrelationto关系到。incontrastto与......相对照。例如：　　1)Everyoneintheclassvotedinfavoroftheparty.(=Allofthechildrenvotedtohaveaparty.)　　2)Wegot$5000inexcessofthefixedsum.(我们盯定额多收入5000美元。)3)Thisappearssmallincontrastto(with)that.(这个同那个对比起来显得小了。)4)Ihavealottosayinrelationtothataffair.(我对那件事有许多话要说。)　　5)Wemustplanin(with)relationtothefuture.(我们定计划时要考虑到将来。)　　本题译文：请所有赞成此项建议的人举手。　　34.Anearlytypewriterproducedlettersquicklyandneatly;thetypist,_____couldn'tseehisworkonhismachine.　　A.however   B.therefore   C.yet   D.although　　[答案]A.however.　　[注释]however然而。　　本题译文：早期的打字机打起字来又快又整齐,22/22\n然而打字员不能看着机器键盘打字。　　35.Weareinterestedintheweatherbecauseit_____ussodirectly------whatwewear,whatwedo,andevenhowwefeel.　　A.benefits   B.guides   C.affects   D.effects　　[答案]C.affects.　　[注释]affect(=haveaninfluenceoreffecton)影响：Theclimateaffectedhishealth.(气候影响[损害]了他的健康。)　　[注意]affectvt.影响。effectn.(=influent)影响,作用：Somefilmshaveamisleadingeffectonchildren.effectvt.(=bringabout)实行,进行,产生......后果:1)Iwilleffectmypurpose:no-oneshallstopme!2)Wehopetoeffectanimprovement.(我们希望能引起改进。)　　注意两个常用的习语:1)tothateffect那个意思的(话)：Shesaidshehatedspinach,orwordstothateffect.(她说她不喜欢吃菠菜或那个意思的话。)2)totheeffectthat...意思时说,表示下述意思：Isaidafewwordstheeffectthatallhehadtolduswasalreadywellknown.(我说了几句话,意思是说他告诉我们的一切都已众所周知。)　　36.Icanmeetyouateighto'clock;_____youcancallforme.　　  A.incidentally    B.actually22/22\n　　  C.alternatively   D.accordingly　　[答案]C.alternatively　　[注释]alternatively(=asanalternative)作为一个替代办法：Ifhoweverisused,butisnotneeded;oralternativelyomithowever.(如果使用however,就不需要but;或者作为一个替代办法省去however。)　　[注意]alternately和alternatively的区别:alternately(交替地)：AtaChinesedinner,theguestsandthehostssitalternatelyataroundtable.　　37.Hehasthe_____ofanathlete:hereallygoesallouttowin.　　A.instantsB.instancesC.instincts D.intelligences　　[答案]C.instincts.　　[注释]instinct天生的本领。instantn.瞬间,时刻;adj.立即的,直接的。如：instantcoffee速溶咖啡;instantfood(s)方便食品。例如：Spaceshipsarestockedwithavarietyofinstantfoods.(宇宙飞船上备有各种个样的方便食品。)　　38.Auniversityisaneducationalinstitutionwhich_____degreesandcarriesoutresearch.　　  A.rewards   B.awards   C.grants   D.presents22/22\n　　[答案]B.awards.　　[注释]awardssb.sth.授于某人某物。如：TheyawardedJohnthefirstprize.(他们授于约翰一等奖。)　　对比：rewardsbwithsth.以某物酬谢某人,须加介词with;Theyrewardedtheboywith$5forbringingbackthelostdog.(他们给这男孩5美元酬谢他把丢失的狗找回来。)grant(=consenttogiveorallowwhatisaskedfor)同意(给予),答应(请求)：Thefirmgrantedhimapension.(公司同意给予他退休金。)presentsb.withsth.赠送：Ourclasspresentedtheschoolwithapicture.(我们班给学校送了一幅画。)present颁发,呈递：1)Theprincipalwillpresentthediplomas.(校长将颁发文凭。)2)WeshallpresentacompletereporttotheAnnualConference.(我们将向年会递交一份全面的报告。)　　本题句意是：大学是授予学位和进行研究的教育机构。可见,本题应选award.　　39.Theoldladycan'thopeto_____hercoldinafewdays.　　  A.getover   B.getoff   C.holdback   D.holdup　　[答案]A.getover  [注释]参阅III,55注释。　　40.Jim'splanstogotocollege_____atthelastmoment.　　A.felloutB.gaveaway C.gaveoff   D.fellthrough22/22\n　　[答案]D.fellthrough，未能实现     [注释]参阅III,49注释。　　41.TheDepartmentisalsodeeply_____invariousimprovementschemes.　　A.connected   B.included   C.involved   D.implied　　[答案]C.involved.　　[注释]beinvolvedin参与。Beincludedin包括在......中。　　42.Keysshouldneverbehiddenaroundthehousesincethieves_____knowwheretolook.　　A.virtuallyB.variously C.unavoidably D.invariably　　[答案]D.invariably.　　[注释]invariably总是,不变地。Virtually事实上,实际上。unavoidably不可避免地。　　43.Theboyhada_____escapewhenheranacrosstheroadinfrontofthebus.　　A.close   B.short   C.narrow   D.fine　　[答案]C.narrow. [注释]haveanarrowescape幸免遇难。　　44.DoyoumindifI_____withmyworkwhileyouaregettingteaready.22/22\n　　A.getthrough B.turnto C.carryonD.comeon　　[答案]C.carryon.     [注释]carryon继续,参看Ⅲ,28。　　45.Ileftfortheofficeearlierthanusualthismorning_____trafficjam.　　  A.inlinewith      B.incaseof　　  C.forthesakeof   D.attheriskof　　[答案]B.incaseof.　　[注释]incaseof参看Ⅲ,94注释。Inlinewith(=inagreementwith)与......一致,符合：Hisactionswerenotinlinewithhisbelief.本句中inlinewith...作表语。Inlinewithhistoryandsocialevolutionsocialismisinevitable.本句中inlinewith引导地短语作状语,意为“按照”。Forthesakeof为了......起见。Atthesakeof冒......的风险。　　46.Thefinanceministerhasnotbeenso_____sinceheraisedtaxestosuchahighlevel.　　A.popularB.well-known C.favorableD.preferable　　[答案]A.popular.　　[注释]popular此处意为“(=likedandadmired)受爱戴的,有名声或声望的”。22/22\n　　47.Itiswrongforsomeoneinsuchahigh_____inthegovernmenttobehavetoobadlyinpublic.　　A.situationB.position C.employmentD.profession　　[答案]B.position.　　[注释]position此句中指“地位”(不可数,有时加不定冠词),如：1)Shewasawomanofhighposition.2)ahigh(low)positionsociety.　　48.Weallknewfromthevery_____thattheplanwouldfail.　　A.outcome   B.outset   C.income   D.output　　[答案]B.outset.　　[注释]outset开端,开始,fromtheveryoutset(从一开始)。outbreak爆发,发生。outcome结局.income收入。output产量。　　49.Helookedratheruntidyasthereweretwobuttons_____fromhiscoat.　　  A.loosing   B.losing   C.off   D.missing　　[答案]D.missing.　　[注释]missing缺少的;abookwithsomemissingpages.(缺页书)。22/22\n　　50.Lawyersoftenmakehigher_____fortheirworkthantheyshould.　　  A.bills   B.charges   C.prices   D.costs　　[答案]B.charges.　　[注释]makechargesfor对......收(费);索(价)。charge也可以用作动词,表示“收费,索价”,如：1)Wedon'tchargeanythingforthat.(对此我们不收费。)2)Howmuchdoyouchargeforahaircut?(理个发要收多少钱？)22/22