2022高考英语复习：高考英语词汇400题及详解（八）

　　351.Therapidlygrowingbirthratebringsaboutalotofenvironmentproblems,whichthegovernmentissupposedtotake_____.　　A.significantly B.severelyC.earnestlyD.seriously　　[答案]D.seriously.　　[注释]take...seriously是习惯搭配，意为“重视，认真对待”　　352.CarlwantedtoplayajokeonBobbutgavehimself_____bylaughing.　　  A.away   B.in   C.out   D.up　　[答案]A.away.　　[注释]giveaway暴露，泄露。参阅III.68.注释。　　353.Thegovernmentis_____andwilltakethenecessarystepstomaintainsecurityandstability.　　  A.onthealert   B.outofcontrol　　  C.onguard       D.invain　　[答案]A.onthealert.　　[注释]onthealert(=alert;watchful;careful)警惕，小心：Driversmustbeonthealertfortrafficsignals.(=Driversmustbeespeciallycarefultoseesignalswhen23/23\ndrivingacar.)(司机必须密切注视交通信号。)outofcontrol失去控制；onguard站岗；invain徒劳，无效。　　354.Manypeoplecomplainoftherapid_____ofmodernlife.　　  A.rate   B.pace   C.speed   D.growth　　[答案]B.pace.　　[注释]pace走或跑的速度；发展或进步速度。　　355.Shehaslostherhandbagwiththe_____sumof$150init.　　  A.extraordinary   B.important　　  C.considerable    D.valuable　　[答案]C.considerable.　　[注释]considerable相当可观的。[注意]considerate考虑周到的，体谅的，体贴的：1）Sheisconsideratetoothers.(她能体谅别人。)2）Thatwasveryconsiderateofyou.（你真体谅别人。）　　356.Russia'swithdrawalofitsexpertsfromChinadidnotstrangle(压垮)theChinesepeople;_____itstirreduptheirenthusiasmforgreaterexertions.　　  A.ontheotherhand   B.onthecontrary23/23\n　　  C.tothecontrary     D.inconsequence　　[答案]B.onthecontrary.　　[注释]onthecontrary相反地：--Haveyounearlydone?--Onthecontrary,Ihaveonlyjustbegun.Mondayunlessyouwritemetothecontrary.(我星期一将来，除非你写信告诉我有相反地情况。)　　357.Ashehadnofriendsandrelativesinthetown,thetravelertriedtofinda_____somewhere.　　  A.log   B.lodge   C.landing   D.lodging　　[答案]D.lodging.　　[注释]log圆木,lodge门房，传达室,lodging住所,landing登陆；降落。　　358.Becausethechildrenkeepinterruptingherwhenevershereadsabook,sheisalways_____herplace.　　A.loosingB.missingC.losing D.lookingfor　　[答案]C.Losing.　　[注释]loseone'splace意为读书时“找不到读到哪儿”。类似的习语有：loseheart(灰心，泄气),loseone'shearttosb.(爱上某人),loseone'shead(惊慌失措),loseone'sholdon(or23/23\nover)(失去对......的控制),loseone'stemper(发脾气),loseone'stongue(紧张得不知说什么好)，loseone'sway(迷路),losesightof(看不见了),loseone'snever(失去勇气)。　　359.Themanagersaidthattheyhadan_____planiftheplantheyhadsubmittedwasnotaccepted.　　A.alternate B.alternative  C.absolute D.appreciable　　[答案]B.alternative.　　[注释]alternative可提供选择的，两者挑一的：alternate交替的：1)Therewasnoalternativerouteopentoher.(在她面前没有另外可供选择的路线。)2)FrenchandEnglisharenotalternativecourses;butmaybetakeninthesameyear.(语法和英语并不是交替开设的课程；而可以在同一年里选修。)　　360.Jimisn't_____,buthedidbadlyinthefinalexamslastsemester.　　  A.gloomy   B.dull   C.awkward   D.tedious　　[答案]B.dull.　　[注释]dull(=slowinunderstanding)迟钝的。　　361.AtfirstBobwaspuzzledbyVirginiaswaving,butthenit_____hismindthatshewastryingtotellhimsomething.23/23\n　　  A.crossed   B.passed   C.occurred   D.opened　　[答案]A.crossed.　　[注释]crossone'smind想起：1)Asuddenthoughtcrossedmymind.2)Itnevercrossedmymindthathemightrefusetherequest.(我从来没有想到他可能会拒绝这个请求。)如用pass则应加through,例如：WhenJanedidnotcomehomebymidnight,manyterriblefearspassedthroughMother'smind.(=MotherthoughtofmanythingsthatmighthavehappenedtoJane.)occur的用法如下：1）Thatviewofthecasedidnotoccurtomebefore.(对这个案件的那种看法以前我没有想到过。)2）Itoccurredtoherthatshemightadoptahomelesschild.(她想到，她可以收养一个无家可归的孩子。)关于“想起”的以上三种表达法考生务必弄懂熟记。这些词组和句形不仅在词汇测试中经常遇到，而且在短文写作时也可以使用。　　本题译文：起初鲍玻对弗吉尼亚的挥手致意感到迷惑，但后来他想到，她想告诉他某事。　　362.Hisjobatthehospitaldidnotpaymuch,sohefoundanother_____.　　  A.ontherise      B.onthespot　　  C.onthedecline   D.ontheside23/23\n　　[答案]D.ontheside.　　[注释]ontheside(=inadditiontoamainthing)额外；作为兼职：1）HeorderedahamburgerwithonionsandFrenchfriesontheside.(=HeorderedahamburgerwithonionsandFrenchfriesextra.)2)Hedoessomehouse-keepingworkontheside.(他帮人家做些家务活作为兼职。)ontherise(作表语)在上升；onthespot现场；onthedecline(做表语)在下降：Thepopulationinthecountryisonthedecline.(这个国家的人口在下降。)　　363.Thefillingstation_____becausethereweretoomanyothersonthestreet.　　  A.fellthrough   B.wentunder　　  C.fellout       D.wentthrough　　[答案]B.wentunder.　　[注释]gounder破产，失败。fallthrough也有“失败”之意，但多半指计划、想法等“落空”。　　本题译文：这个加油站破产了，因为在这条街上加油站太多了。　　364.Airandthesun'srayscreatemuchdistortion,andwhatevertendsto_____theirinfluenceisusefultotheastronomer.23/23\n　　A.exclude B.eliminate C.extinguish D.impose　　[答案]A.exclude.　　[注释]exclude排除。extinguish扑灭；eliminate消除。　　impose把......强加给：Don'timposeyourwishesonus.(不要把你的意思强加给我们。)　　365.TheladywhohadinvitedusheardmetellingmywifethatthedinnerwasterriblesoIwas_____.　　A.confusedB.nervous C.shameful D.embarrassed　　[答案]D.embarrassed.　　[注释]beembarrassed感到窘迫。　　366.Animalsshouldnotbelockedincages;theyshouldbeintheirnormal_____.　　A.environmentB.position C.residence D.dwelling　　[答案]A.environment.　　[注释]environment(=surroundings,circumstances)环境，environment作集合名词用时，只用单数形式：Weshouldworkhardtoimproveourenvironment.(单词，不可数)Childrenneedahappyhomeenvironment.(单数，可数)23/23\n　　367.I'msorrybutwhathethinksisnotofthe_____importancetome.　　A.merest B.lowest C.last D.least　　[答案]D.least.　　[注释]least是little的最高级形式。　　368.Heofferedto_____herahandasthesuitcasewastooheavyforhertocarry.　　  A.lend   B.help   C.show   D.loan　　[答案]A.lend.　　[注释]lendsb.ahand给某人帮个忙。　　369.Ihavebeenlookingforthisbookformonths,and_____Ihavefoundit.　　A.atleast B.innotime C.atlast D.atpresent　　[答案]C.atlast.　　[注释]atlast(=intheend)最终；atleast至少；innotime立即，马上；atpresent目前。　　370.Itwasthelargestexperimentwehadeverhad;it_____sixhours.23/23\n　　A.ended B.finished C.prolonged D.lasted　　[答案]D.lasted.　　[注释]lastvi.(for)持续。　　371.The_____stuckontheoutsideoftheenvelopesaid"ByAir".　　A.label   B.ticket   C.signal   D.sign　　[答案]A.label.　　[注释]label标签，标记。signal信号.sign记号；指示牌：trafficsigns(交通版示)。notice布告。　　372.Psychologicalstudiesshowthatsomepeoplearequick-tempered_____.　　A.atheartB.onpurpose  C.inperson D.bynature　　[答案]D.bynature.　　[注释]bynature天生，生来。inperson1）亲自，亲身：Ishallbepresentatthemeetinginperson.(我将亲自出席会议。)2）身体上，外貌上：Inpersonhewashandsome,strongandhealthy.(他面目清秀，体格强壮。)atheart1)内心里，实质上：Hismannersarecold,butheisatheartakindman.(他的言谈举止有些冷淡，但实际上他是一个好心肠的人。23/23\n)2）考虑的是......：WhenIsaydon'teatsweets,Ihaveyourhealthatheart.(我叫你别吃果糖，是考虑到你的健康。)onpurpose故意地。　　373.Shewasputtingonherwatchwhenthe_____brokeanditfelltotheground.　　A.belt   B.strap   C.tie   D.string　　[答案]B.strap.　　[注释]strap(表，手提包的)带。belt绷带，seatbelt(系于飞机座位上的)安全带。tie领带，string细绳子。　　374.Feudallandlords,andimperialistsareinnowaymore_____thanwolves.　　A.reasonable B.regardless C.ridiculous D.rational　　[答案]D.rational.　　[注释]rational有理性的。　　本题译文：封建地主和帝国主义者并不比豺狼更有理性。　　375.Hisnamewasonthe_____ofmytongue,butIjustcouldn'trecallit.　　A.end   B.point   C.edge   D.tip23/23\n　　[答案]D.tip.　　[注释]beon(orat)thetipofone'stongue就在嘴边，差点被想起，如：Theanswerwasonthetipofmytongue,butIcould'tthinkofit.(我差点就想起那答案来，可就是想不起来。)beonthepointof正要（去做某事）：Iwasjustonthepointofgoingwhenyoucamein.　　376.Theauthoritiesdeclaredthatbecauseofthewarpetrolwas_____andhadtoberationed(定量供应).　　A.inadequate   B.rare   C.lacked   D.scarce　　[答案]D.scarce.　　[注释]本题译文：汽油供不应求，因此必须定量配给。　　Scarce(=notavailableinsufficientquantity,notequaltothedemand)不充足的，缺乏的，供不应求的。Inadequate不适应的，不充分的。lackvt./vi.(=bewithout;nothave;havelessthanenoughof)缺乏；没有；缺少，例如：1）Helacksperseverance.(他缺乏坚定性。)2)Moneyislackingfortheplan.(此计划尚缺钱。)3)Heislackingincourage.(他缺乏勇气。)belackingin常指缺乏某种品质、特点等。lack作及物动词时，一般不用被动语态，故不能选C.lacked.4)Theylackedfor23/23\nnothing.(他们什么也不缺。)有人认为，lackfor是美国英语。　　377.Howdidit_____thatthetwomenarrivedtoaddressthesamemeetingatthesametime.　　A.fallout B.takeplaceC.getaround D.comethrough　　[答案]A.fallout.　　[注释]fallout1)吵架，闹翻。参阅III.45,522)结果是。参III.50注释。本题中fallout意为happen,comeabout(发生),例如：Asitfellout,theywereabletoselltheiroldcar.(=Theydidn'tknowiftheycouldselltheiroldcar,butatlasttheydidsellit.)本题中it是形式主语，that引导主语从句。一般来说，不宜用takeplace作主语谓语，故不能入选。　　本题译文：事情结果怎么会这样：这两个人来在同一时间同一会议上作演讲？　　378.Helookedincredulous(不轻信的)onhearingthenews.Heseemedtothinkit_____.　　A.incompatibleB.incredibleC.inclusiveDindifferent　　[答案]B.incredible.　　[注释]incredible(=thatcannotbebelieved;difficulttobelieve)不可相信的，难以置信的：Hisstoryofrescuingsixdrowningmenwasincredible.23/23\n(他抢救6个溺水人的事情是难以置信的。)incompatible(with)不相容的。inclusive包括的，包含的。indifferent冷淡的，不关心的。　　379.Inmyopinion,yourworkdoesnot_____whatIexpectedofyou.　　A.catchupwith B.addupto C.comeupto D.goinfor　　[答案]C.comeupto.　　[注释]comeupto达到，符合：1)Hetrieshisbesttocomeuptotheexpectationsofthepeople.(他努力达到人民对他的期望。)2)Thispieceofworkdoesnotcomeuptothe　　requiredstandard.(这件工作没有达到需要的标准。)catchupwith赶上；addupto总计；goinfor从事，致力于，追求，沉溺于。　　380.IbrokemyrelationshipwithJohnbecausehealwaysfound_____withme.　　A.error   B.mistake   C.fault   D.failure　　[答案]C.fault.　　[注释]findfaultwith挑剔，找......的岔子。例如：1)Shetriestopleasehim,buthealwaysfindsfault.(=Hefindssomethingwrongwitheverythingshedoes.)2)TheyfoundfaultwitheveryboxImade.(=Theyfoundsomethingwrong23/23\norsomethingtheydidnotlikeineveryboxImade.)　　381.Thoughhedidnotsaysodirectly,theinspector_____themanwasguilty.　　A.declared  B.implied  C.disclosed  D.said　　[答案]B.implied.　　[注释]imply暗示，含有......的意思：Silencesometimesimpliesconsent.(沉默有时暗示同意。)　　382.Atfirstitseemedthatthebuildingwouldbeallrightbutlateritwasfoundtoneed_____.　　  A.installations  B.modifications　　  C.innovations    D.illustrations　　[答案]B.modifications.　　[注释]modification更改，修改；installation安装，装置；设备；innovation革命；illustration说明，例证，图解。按题意modifications最为切题。　　383.Wecanonlygiveyouthe_____numberofrefugeescrossingtheborderatthemoment.　　A.obscure B.approximateC.impartial D.imaginary　　[答案]B.approximate.23/23\n　　[注释]approximate近似的，大约的；obscure模糊的；impartial公正的，不偏的；imaginary假想的。　　384.Magnificentviewsoverthecountrysidehaveoften_____peopletowritepoems.　　  A.convinced  B.inspired  C.induced  D.attracted　　[答案]B.inspired.　　[注释]inspire鼓励，激励，产生：1)Hisspeechinspiredustotryagain.2)Heinspiredconfidenceinme.(他使我产生信心。)3)Thegoodnewsinspireduswithhope.(这个好消息使我们产生希望。)　　385.Thereareseverallandladiesapprovedbytheuniversitieswhotakein_____.　　A.lodgersB.residentsC.inhabitants D.settlers　　[答案]A.lodgers.　　[注释]lodger客房；resident居民(对游客而言);localresidents(当地居民),temporaryresidents(临时居民)；inhabitant(=personlivinginaplace)居民；asmalltownof5,000inhabitants(有5,000居民的小镇)；settler殖民者，移居者；WhitesettlersinKenya(在肯尼亚侨居的白人)；immigrant移民。23/23\n　　本题译文：有几位房东太太是这些大学批准她们接纳房客的。　　386.HeistherudestmanIhaveevermet.Jane,hispresentsecretary,istheonlypersonwhocan_____him.　　  A.respect  B.stand  C.support  D.dislike　　[答案]B.stand.　　[注释]stand(=endure,bear,putupwith)忍耐，忍受；1)Ican'tstandthatwoman.2)Hecannotstandcriticism.　　387.ThemainroadthroughLittleburywasblockedforthreehourstodayafteranaccident_____twolorries.　　A.containingB.connectingC.involvingD.including　　[答案]C.involving.　　[注释]involve涉及到。例如：1)Thisprobleminvolvesusall.(这个问题涉及到我们大家。)2)Hisworkinvolvesoccasionaljourneys.(他的工作使他不得不时常旅行。)3)ToaccepttheappointmentwouldinvolvelivinginLondon.(接受这项任命将不得不住在伦敦。)4)Johnwasinvolvedinthetrouble.(约翰已陷入困境。)contain包含，装有；connect连接，include包括。　　本题译文：今天在涉及两辆卡车的交通事故发生后，穿过Littlebury的大陆堵塞了3个小时。23/23\n　　388.Janereadthearticleovertenminutesbutcontinuedtofeeltheeventrelatedwere_____.　　A.inheritableB.incredibleC.infeasible D.inaccessible　　[答案]B.incredible　　[注释]incredible难以置信的；inheritable可继承的；infeasible不切实际的;inaccessible不可到达的(to)。　　389.Insomecitiesitisverydifficulttohaveatelephone_____,andpeoplehavetowaitalongtimebeforetheycangetaphone.　　A.assembled B.installed C.equipped D.repaired　　[答案]B.installed.　　[注释]install安装；assemble(=puttogether)装配；equip装备；repaire修理。　　390._____upchildrenproperlyismainlytheirparents'duty.　　A.Growing  B.Rearing  C.Bringing  D.Raising　　[答案]C.bringing.　　[注释]bringup教育，教养，抚养大；1)Thechildisbadly23/23\nbroughtup.2)Iwasbroughtuptobehonest.参看III.17注释。growup成长，长大；发展，形成；1)Igrewuponafarm.(我在农庄长大。)2)Thecustomofgoingawayforone'sholidayhasgrownupduringthelastthirtyyears.(外出度假的风俗习惯是最近30年形成的。)rear培养，抚育；rearchildren.　　raise[美国英语]养大；Wherewasheraised?(他在哪里长大的？)raise还有“饲养”的含义。　　[注意]rear和raise后不能接up,故本题不能选用rearing或raising.　　391.Whentheteachertoldtheboytositdown,he_____toherandsaidshecouldn'tmakehim.　　A.gaveway  B.talkedback  C.lookedup  D.gotdown　　[答案]B.talkback.　　[注释]talkback顶嘴；1)Don'ttalkbacktome!(别对我顶嘴！)2)Marytalkedbackwhenhermothertoldhertostopwatchingtelevision;shesaid,“Idon'thavetoifIdon'twantto.”giveway让路；lookup查阅；getdown从......下来；记下。　　392.People_____withanyonewhoisalwaystalkingabouthowwonderfulheis.　　A.fallin  B.getfedup  C.keepcompany  D.catchup23/23\n　　[答案]B.getfedup.　　[注释]get(be)fedupwith(=havinghadtoomuchofsomething;attheendofyourpatience;disgusted;bored;tired)讨厌；Ihavehadenoughofhiscomplaints.I'mfedup.(=IhaveheardallofthecomplaintsIcanstand.)　　fallinwith符合，与......一致。参阅III.51注释。Keepcompanywith与......交往，结伴；catchupwith赶上。　　393.Margaretlikedallherclasses,butshelikedsewingclass_____.　　A.aboveallB.ingeneral C.afterallD.inparticular　　[答案]D.inparticular.　　[注释]inparticular(=especially,particularly)特别是：1)Youshouldavoideatingfatmeat,inparticularpork.(你应该避免吃脂肪多的肉类，特别是猪肉。2)Thespeakertalkedaboutsportsingeneralandaboutfootballinparticular.Ingeneral是inparticular的反义结构，从上述例2)中可以看到。aboutall最重要的；afterall毕竟。　　394.Walkingdownthestreet,shenoticedalong_____ofhouses,allexactlyalike.　　  A.queue  B.rank  C.train  D.row　　[答案]D.row.23/23\n　　[注释]arowofhouses(desks,booksetc.)一排房子(书桌、书等)，戏院的“一排座位”即为arowofseats.queue(乘车，购物的)队，队伍。Rank(军队队列中的)排、横列。train指“（行进中的）长列，队列”；alongtrainofvisitors(一长列参观者)。　　395.Thepresidenthastoldhisfriendsthatheissickbutwillnotadmitit_____.　　A.inprivate B.insecret C.inpublic D.indetail　　[答案]C.inpublic.　　[注释]inpublic公开地，当众；inprivate私下；insecret秘密地;indetail详细地。　　396.Thesailor_____timetovisithisfamilybeforetheshipwenttosea.　　A.putinforB.gotroundtoC.askafterD.holdonto　　[答案]A.putinfor.　　[注释]putinfor(=makeanapplicationorrequest)提出申请或请求；MayIputinforfivedays'leave?(我可以请5天假吗？)getroundto(doingsth.)找到时间作某事；askafter询问，问候；holdonto坚持(接to加名词)。23/23\n　　397.Throughoutmostoftheirlives,humans_____learnandincreasetheirmentalcapacity.　　A.actually  B.readily  C.fairly  D.primarily　　[答案]B.readily　　[注释]readily(=withnodifficulty)容易地；Theycanreadilybeboughtanywhere.(这些东西在任何地方都能容易地买到。)　　actually实际上；fairly公平地；相当，划算；primarily主要地，首先；根本上。　　398.Throughexposuretoair,water,andorganicmatter,rocks_____changesknownasweathering.　　A.undergo  B.transform  C.undertake  D.suspend　　[答案]A.undergo.　　[注释]undergo(=experienceesp.sufferingordifficulty)经受：1)Sheunderwentathoroughexaminationatthehospital.(她在医院接受了全面的检查。)2)Thetravelersunderwentmanydifficulties.(这些旅行者经受了许多困难。)undertake(=takeupa[position];starton[work])从事，负责（某事）：1)Heundertooktheresponsibilityforchanges.(他负责对各种变化作出安排。)2)Atfirstwecouldonlyundertakerepairjobs.(起初我们只能干修理活。)3)Weshallundertaketheconstructionofthisbridge.(我们将负责这座桥的修建工作。)transform23/23\n改变；suspend吊，悬挂；推迟，暂定。　　本题译文：由于暴露于空气、水和有机物，岩石经受了称之为风化的变化。　　399.Shetriedto_____outofthewindowtoseetheprocessionmoreclearly.　　A.bend  B.lean  C.bow  D.slope　　[答案]B.lean.　　[注释]leanvi.倚，靠；leanoutofthewindow(倚着窗户探出身去)，leanagainstatree(背倚靠着树)，leanbackinachair(坐在椅子上背向后倾)，leanonadesk(靠在桌上)，指胸对桌子。　　400.Theproblemhadbecome_____inhismind,andhecouldnotdecidewhattodoaboutit.　　A.simplified B.exaggerated  C.matured  D.isolated　　[答案]B.exaggerated.　　[注释]exaggerate(=sayorbelievemorethanthetruthaboutsth.)夸张，夸大：Itwasarabbit,notalion.Youareexaggeratingasusual.(这是一只兔子，不是狮子。你经常夸大事实。)simplify简化；mature使成熟；isolate使孤立。23/23\n　　本题译文：这个问题在他头脑里夸大了，因此他无法决定该怎么办。23/23