2022高考英语复习：高考英语词汇400题及详解（二）

　　51.Theworkmenmadesomuch_____thatMrs.Walkerhadtospendthreedayscleaningupafterwards.　　A.trouble   B.damage   C.mess   D.nuisance　　[答案]C.mess.　　[注释]makemess弄得乱七八糟。Makeamessof“把......弄得乱七八糟”：Hemadeamessofhiswork.(他把他的工作搞得乱七八糟。　　52.Theyhaveheldseveralmeetingsto_____nextyear'sproductionplans.　　A.setdown   B.makeout   C.workup   D.drawup[答案]D.drawup.　　[注释]参阅III,42。　　本题译文,他们已开过几次会议来起草明年得生产计划。　　53.Howcanwegetthislanguagepoint_____tothestudents.　　A.down   B.round   C.across   D.into　　[答案]C.across.　　[注释]参阅III,64注释。22/22\n　　本题译文,我们怎样才能把这个语言点向学生讲清楚？　　54.Thisbookgivesabrief_____ofthehistoryofthecastleanddetailsoftheartcollectioninthemainhall.　　A.outline   B.reference   C.article   D.outlook　　[答案]A.outline.　　[注释]outline轮廓,概要;giveanoutlineofsth.概要说明某事。　　55.Dresswarmly,_____you'llcatchcold.　　A.onthecontraryB.orratherC.orelse D.innoway　　[答案]C.orelse.　　[注释]orelse(=otherwise;ifnot)否则：Hurryup,or(else)you'llbelate.　　56.Kate'sambitiontobecomeanurse_____fromadesiretohelpothers.　　A.prompted B.promoted C.programmed D.proceeded　　[答案]D.proceeded.　　[注释]proceedform(=ariseform)来自;由......产生：1)Cloudsofsmokeproceededformthechimney.(从烟囱里升起缕缕浓烟。)2)Thisproceededfrom22/22\nignorance.(这是出于无知。)　　[注意]proceed的其他用法：(=goon[todosth.];continue)接着(做某事);继续进行;1)Heproceededtogivemeavividdescriptionofthemountainousscenerythere.(他接着给我栩栩如生地描述那里的山区景色。)2)接介词with;Nowpleaseproceedwithyourstory.(现在请你接着将下去。)3)接介词to:Wewillnowproceedtothenextbusiness.(我们现在将接着干下面的一件事。)4)准备取得(某种学位)：HewillproceedtothedegreeofM.A.thisyear.(他准备今年取得文科硕士学位。)　　本题译文：凯特想当护士的志向出自于帮助他人的愿望。　　57.Theislandwheretheserarebirdsnesthasbeendeclareda_____.　　A.observationB.reservationC.preservationD.conservation　　[答案]D.conservation.　　[注释]conservation保存(自然资源等)theconservationofsoilandwater水土保持;thelawofconservationofenergy能量守恒定律。observation观察;reservation(旅馆房间、戏院座位等的)预定;保留(意见);[美]保留地：1)Haveyoumakeyourreservations?(你预定了没有？)2)Iwillacceptthesuggestionwithoutreservation.(我将毫无保留地接受这项建议。)3)ThegovernmenthassetapartIndianreservations.22/22\n(政府已经划出印地安人保留地。)preservation保存Wemuststriveforthepreservationofournaturalresources.(我们必须努力保护自然资源)conservation,preservation,reservation从汉语概念出发时很容易混淆。Conservation是动词conserve派生的名词,与原来动词的意义相同,表示"保持、保存”时,强调“珍惜、节用。Preservation是动词preserve派生的名词,强调“收藏、保存”使之完好无损或质量不变;常与食品、博物馆收藏的展品等词搭配。Reservation主要指意见、看法等的“保留”;作“保留地”解时,尤指美国印地安人保留地或澳大利亚土著民族保留地。本题指自然生态的保持,用conservation最切题。　　本题译文：这个珍禽巢居的岛已宣布为自然保护区。　　58.AlthoughJohnwastheeldestinthefamily,healwayslethissister_____chargeofthehouse.　　A.take   B.hold   C.make   D.get　　[答案]A.take.　　[注释]takechargeof(=tobeorbecomeresponsibleforsb.orsth.)负责、掌管、看管;Hetookchargeofthedepartment(orthechildren)　　59.Thechildenjoyed_____upthewoodenbricksthenknockingthemdown.　　A.adding   B.pushing   C.piling   D.forming22/22\n　　[答案]C.piling.　　[注释]pileup(=layinapileorasifinapile)把......放成一堆,堆积：pileupthebooksonthetable(把书堆在桌子上)。Pileup作不及物动词用,意为“积压;(若干汽车)相撞”：1)Perishablegoodsarepilingupatthedocks.(码头上易腐烂的货物堆积如山。)2)Severalcarspiledupafterignoringthefogwarningonthemotorway.(由于无视高速公路上的大雾警告,有好几辆汽车相撞。)　　60.Johnwasveryupsetbecausehewas_____bythepolicewithbreakingthelaw.　　A.accused  B.arrested  C.sentenced  D.charged　　[答案]D.charged.　　[注释]bechargedwith受指控犯有......;Hewaschargedwithmurder.(他受指控犯有凶杀罪。)　　61.Itisn'tquite_____thathewillbepresentatthemeeting.　　A.sure   B.right   C.exact   D.certain　　[答案]D.certain.　　[注释]Iamsurethat+从句。Heissuretocome.=Heiscertaintocome.但在it作形式主语,that引导主语从句时,主句中表语只能用certain,不能用sure.　　62.Manynew_____willbeopenedupinthefuturefor22/22\nthosewithauniversityeducation.　　A.opportunitiesB.realitiesC.necessitiesD.probabilities　　[答案]A.opportunities.　　[注释]opportunity常指“(难得的应抓住的)机会”,既可作可数名词,也可以作不可数名词用,如：Ihadfewopportunitiesofmeetinginterestingpeoplethere.Theyhadnotmuchopportunityforhearinggoodmusicintheremotearea.　　63.Themembersoftheclubwouldn'truna_____inentrusting（委托）theorganizationtoanunreliableperson.　　A.danger   B.risk   C.hazard   D.chance　　[答案]B.risk.　　[注释]runarisk(in)冒险：Youarerunningabigriskintrustinghim.　　本题译文：俱乐部成员不愿冒险把这个组织委托给一个不可靠的人管理。　　64.Themeetingwas_____whenthechairmanfellill.　　A.putdown B.shutout  C.cutshort   D.takenoff　　[答案]C.cutshort.22/22\n　　[注释]cutshort(=interrupt)打断,中断：1)Hemadeasuggestion,butIcuthimshort.(他提了个建议,但我打断了他。)2)Hecutshorthistourandreturnedhome.(他中断旅行,回家了。)shutoff(=cutoff,interrupt)切断,中断;由指切断供应等,如：Thewaterwasshutoffforseveralhourswhiletheplumberrepairedthepipes.Shutout(=keepout;exclude;preventformentering)把......关在外面,排除,不让入内：1)Heshutthecatout.(他把猫关在外面。)2)Thelawwasdesignedtoshutoutimmigrants.(这项法律旨在拒绝移民入竟。)3)Theyshutoutthedustbyhavingdoublewindows.(他们用双层窗户防尘。)4)TheybegintospeakFrench,shuttingouttheboyfromtheirconversation.(他们讲起法语来,使这个男孩无法参加他们的谈话。)　　65.Johnsaysthathispresentjobdoesnotprovidehimwithenough_____forhisorganizingability.　　A.scope   B.space   C.capacity   D.range　　[答案]A.scope.　　[注释]本题中scope(=opportunity;outlet)施展机会,发展余地,是不可数名词,如：Givesomeonescopetoshowhisability.Range意指“变动范围;视听范围;理解范围”,如：therangeofprices(价格变动范围).　　66.Ijustmanagedto_____aquickbreathbeforeIwassuckedunderthewaterbythepassingboat.　　A.snatch   B.scratch   C.scrape   D.scan22/22\n　　[答案]A.snatch.　　[注释]snatch的原义是“攫取;抓住;夺得”。本题中snatch意指“匆忙间设法得到”,如：Hesnatchedanhourofsleep.(他匆匆睡了一小时觉。)snatchaquickbreath(匆忙猛吸了一口气)。　　67.Mybrotherlikeseatingverymuchbutheisn'tvery_____aboutthefoodheeats.　　A.special B.peculiar C.particular D.unusual　　[答案]C.particular.　　[注释]beparticularabout对......讲究,挑剔;Sheisveryparticularaboutwhatshewears.(她对她得穿着很讲究。)Mr.Smithwasquiteparticularaboutmywork.(史密斯先生对工作十分挑剔。)　　68.Idon'tthinkthechargeforoverhauling（大修）theequipmentisexcessivein_____toitssize.　　A.correspondenceB.equationC.proportionD.dimension　　[答案]C.proportion.　　[注释]inproportionto是固定搭配,意为“与......成比例,与.......相称”。反义语：outofproportion不成比例,不相称。本题称。22/22\n　　本题译文：我认为该设备的大修费并不过分,是与它的大小相称的。　　69.Voiceswere_____astheargumentbetweenthetwomotoristsbecamemorebad-tempered.　　A.swollen B.raised C.developed D.increased　　[答案]B.raised.　　[注释]raise(=liftup)one'svoice提高嗓门,高声叫喊。Raiseone'svoiceagainststh.意为“为抗议某事而大声疾呼”,如：Asnooneraisedhisvoiceagainsttheplan,itwasagreedon.(因为没有人发表反对意见,该计划就一致通过了。)voice的常用习语有：thepublicvoice(舆论),underone'svoice(小声地),withonevoice(异口同声地,一致地),loseone'svoice(嗓子哑了,说不出话来),havenovoicewith(对某事无发言权)。　　70.Havinglivedinthetownforquiteafewyears,Mr.Johnsonnolongerfelt_____amongthelocalpeople.　　  A.outoforder     B.outofplace　　  C.outofcontrol   D.outofthequestion　　[答案]B.outofplace.　　[注释]outofplace(=inthewrongplaceoratthewrongtime;notsuitable;improper)(作表语用)不适宜,不得体：1)22/22\nJoanwastheonlygirlwhoworeaformalattheparty,andshefeltoutofplace.(=Shefeltembarrassedbecauseherdresswasnotsuitablefortheparty.)2)ItwasoutofplaceforRusselltolaughattheoldlady.(=Itwasnotproper;sheshouldnothavedoneit.)此外,outofplace(=notintherightusualplaceorposition)(作状语用)不在原来通常的地方：Helenfellandknockedoneofherteethoutofplace.Outoforder发生故障;失调。Outofcontrol失去控制。Outofthequestion不可能的。　　71.Hestoppedhisearswithhishandsto_____theterriblenoise.　　A.showoff   B.cutout   C.keepfrom   D.shutout　　[答案]D.shutout.　　[注释]shutout排除。参看IV.64。showoff炫耀;cutout删掉;keepfrom;1)隐瞒;Shekeptthetruthfromme.(她向我隐瞒真相。)2)不沾,避开;Hekeepsfromalcohol.(他滴酒不沾。)3)使不做某事：Shekeptherselffromlaughing.(她没有笑出来。)　　72.Myhouseistheonlybrickoneonthestreet.It_____andyoucan'tmissit.　　A.standsup B.looksout C.sticksout D.wipesout　　[答案]C.stickout.　　[注释]stickout(=protrude,project)伸出,突出;显露,22/22\n显眼：1)Thedoctoraskedhimtostickhistongueout.2)Spellingmistakesstickoutinthiscomposition.(这篇作文中拼写错误很显眼。)stickout(=enduretotheend)坚持到底;Ifyoucanstickoutabitlonger,everythingwillbeallright.(假如你能在坚持一下,一切都会好起来。)　　wipeout擦去,消灭,参看III.193.注释.　　73.Aftertheshow,thecrowd_____outofthetheater.　　A.poured   B.melted   C.drew   D.dismissed　　[答案]A.poured.　　[注释]pour此处意为：涌出,涌来,如：Peoplepouredouttotherally.(人们踊跃参加群众大会。)　　74.Althoughitisnotournormal_____togivecredit,thistimeIthinkweshouldconsiderthemattermoreclosely.　　A.state   B.intention   C.occasion   D.practice　　[答案]D.practice.　　[注释]practice(=wayofdoingsth.Thatiscommonorhabitual;sth.doneregularly)做法,惯例：Itismypracticealwaystoriseearly.Togivecredit让赊欠：Nocreditisgivenatthisshop.(这家商店概不赊欠。)　　75.Itgavemeastrangefeelingofexcitementtoseemynamein_____.22/22\n　　A.news   B.print   C.publication   D.press　　[答案]B.print.　　[注释]inprint是习语,意指“印出来,发表出来”,如：Shefinallysawhernovelinprint.(她终于看到他的小说出版了。)inprint的另一个意思是“在印行,还在发行”,如：Thisbookisstillinprint.(这本书还在发行,可以买到)反义词是outofprint,意指“不在印行,买不到了。”如：Thebookyouspeakofisoutofprint.(你说到的那本书已不在发行了。)　　76.Theengineershaverejectedtheemployers'proposalstoendthestrikeandtheotherworkershavecomeoutin_____.　　A.opposition B.returnC.sympathyD.readiness　　[答案]C.sympathy.　　[注释]insympathy以示同情,comeout此处意为(=declareoneself)表明态度,所以comeoutinsympathy意为“表示同情”。Inreturn作为报答,如：Iwantednothinginreturn.(我不要什么报答。)collaboration协作,如：workincollaborationwithsb.(与某人协力合作)。Opposition反对,如：riseinoppositionto(起来反对)。readiness准备(状态);待机,如：havingeverythinginreadinessfordeparture(做好一切准备,以便出发)。　　77.Herworkisoftenveryhardandshegetsverytired.The22/22\nworkis_____.　　A.wonderful B.splendid C.tedious D.magnificent　　[答案]C.tedious.　　[注释]tedious(=tiresome;wearying;uninteresting)"沉闷的,厌烦的,乏味的”。Splendid壮丽的,辉煌的,极好的。magnificent壮丽的,宏伟的：Itwasamagnificentceremony.(这是一次盛大隆重的仪式)。　　78.Withprices_____somuch,it'shardforthecompanytoplanabudget.　　A.fluctuating B.waving C.swinging D.vibrating　　[答案]A.fluctuating　　[注释]本句前一部分是"with+名词+现在分词短语"的独立结构,做状语。Fluctuate(=moveupanddown)(指物价,标准等的)波动。如：Pricesfluctuatefromyeartoyear.(物价年年波动)wave飘扬,挥舞;招手;(庄稼的)波动。Swing摆动,摇摆;vibrate振动。可见,根据题意,只能选A.fluctuating.　　79.Someteenagershaveageneralizedresentmentagainstsociety,which_____themtherightsandprivilegesofadults,althoughphysicallytheyaremature.　　A.deprives   B.restricts   C.rejects   D.denies22/22\n　　[答案]D.denies.　　[注释]deny(=refusetogiveorallow)拒绝给予:Hedeniedhischildrennothing.(孩子们要什么他就给什么。)deprive(=takeawayfrom).剥夺。deprivesb.ofsth.剥夺某人某物：Theydeprivedwomenoftherighttovote.(他们剥夺了妇女的投票权。)restrict(=keepwithinlimits)Thedoctorrestrictedhimto5cigarettesaday.(医生限制他一天抽5支烟。)reject(refusetoaccept)拒绝接受,如：Sherejectedmysuggestion.　　本题译文：一些十几岁的孩子们往往对社会有普遍的逆反心理,虽然他们发育成熟,但社会拒绝给予他们同成年人一样的权利和优惠。　　80.Though_____inSanFrancisco,DaveMitchellhadalwayspreferredtorecordtheplainfactsofsmall-townlife.　　A.raised   B.grown   C.developed   D.cultivated　　[答案]A.raised　　[注释]本句中ThoughraisedinSanFranciscos是省略的让步状语从句。Raise(=bringup)抚养：grow种植;cultivate耕作;培养(友谊等)。如cultivate后接某人,则意为“培养与某人的感情”。如：Johnalwaystriestocultivatethepeople,whoareusefultohimprofessionally.22/22\n(约翰一向喜欢与事业上对他有用的人来往。)　　本题译文：尽管在旧金山长大,但戴夫米切尔总是愿意把小镇生活中平凡的事情记载下来。　　81.I'mafraidthispaintingisnotbyPicasso.It'sonlyacopyandsoit's_____.　　A.pricelessB.invaluable  C.unworthyD.worthless　　[答案]D.worthless.　　[注释]worthless无价值的,无用的。Priceless无价的,贵重的,无法估价的：apricelesstreasure无价之宝。Invaluable无法估价的,非常宝贵的。Unworthy不值得的,不配的;无价值的。　　82.Thefinal_____oftheplaywilltakeplaceonMonday.　　A.action   B.performance   C.view   D.sight　　[答案]B.performance.　　[注释]performance(话剧的)一场演出。　　83.Itwasalongtimebeforethecutonmyhand_____completely.　　A.healed   B.cured   C.improved   D.recovered22/22\n　　[答案]A.healed.　　[注释]heal1)使痊愈,治愈：Thesalvewillhelptohealthewound.(这种药膏能治愈你的伤。)2)痊愈(多指外伤)：Thecutonmyleghashealed.(我腿上的伤口以痊愈。)可见,本题是heal的第二种用法。cure治疗,治好;Thedrugcuredmyfever.(这种药使我退烧了。)Thismedicineshouldcureyouofyourcold.(这种药定会治好你的感冒。)recover也可以表示“痊愈”,意为“恢复正常”。例如：1)Ithinkshewillrecover.(我认为她会痊愈的。)2)Healmostfellill,butquicklyrecovered.(他差点病到,但很快就痊愈了。)也可以用recovered做表语表示“痊愈,恢复正常：Areyoucompletelyrecoveredfromyourillness?(你的病是不是完全好了？)　　[注意]recovervi.用作“痊愈”时,句子主语通常是人。Improve改善,此词无“治疗”或“痊愈”之意。　　本题译文：过了很长时间我手上的伤口才痊愈。　　84.Togetmytravelers'checksIhadtohavethebank_____aspecialcheckforthetotalamount.　　A.makeup  B.makeout  C.makefor  D.makeupfor　　[答案]B.makeout.　　[注释]makeout辨别,详见III.123.注释.22/22\n　　85.Shesaidshewasgladthedifficultyhadbeen_____.　　  A.clearedaway   B.clearedup　　  C.brokenaway    D.brokendown　　[答案]B.clearedup.　　[注释]clearup解释,澄清;解决：1)Ihadsomedoubts,butnowtheyareclearedup.(以前我有许多疑点,但现在都解决了。)2)Thebookhasclearedupmanydifficultiesforme.(这本书解决了我不少困难。)clearaway清除。详见III.32.breakaway和breakdown详见Ⅲ.6,7,11.注释.　　86.IusedtobeabletoplaywellbutI'm_____now.　　  A.outofdate       B.outoftouch　　  C.outofpractice   D.outofplace　　[答案]C.outofpractice.　　[注释]outofpractice荒废,久不练习;outofdate过时,老式;outoftouch失去联系;outofplace详见III,70注释。　　87.Assoonasthechildrenwere_____,theirmothergotthemoutofbedandintothebathroom.　　A.woke   B.waken   C.wake   D.awake22/22\n　　[答案]D.awake.　　[注释]awakeadj.醒着的(作表语)。Awake,awaken,wake,waken都可以作及物和不及物动词用,但是awake多用作不及物动词,其中wake最常用。　　88.Jimwassobadlyburntthatatfirsttheybeganto_____ofhislife.　　A.despair  B.designate  C.disappoint  D.despise　　[答案]A.despair.　　[注释]despairof(=beindespair)对.......失望：1)Don'tdespair:thingswillgetbettersoon.2)Hebegantodespairofsuccess.3)HedespairedofbeingabletorepairtheTVset.(他对能否修好这台电视机表示失望。)designate指明,指出,despise轻视,藐视。　　89.Thegovernment'sstrongactiondemonstratedits_____tocrushtherebellion.　　A.energyB.resistance C.courageD.determination　　[答案]D.determination.　　[注释]determination意为“决心”,后常接动词不定式作定语。　　90.NewmineralresourcesmaybediscoveredduringtheforthcomingAntarctic_____.22/22\n　　A.excursion B.execution C.extraction D.expedition　　[答案]D.expedition.　　[注释]expedition远征,探险;excursion短途旅行,游览;execution实施,执行;extraction提取。　　91.Probabilityisthemathematicalstudyofthe_____ofanevent'soccurrence.　　A.desire  B.likelihood  C.result  D.effect　　[答案]B.likelihood　　[注释]句意：概率是对事件发生的可能性的数学研究。　　92.Drivingacarwithoutinsurancecanhave_____consequences.　　A.uncertainB.disastrous C.potential D.unworthy　　[答案]B.disastrous.　　[注释]disastrous灾难性的。　　93.Thepolicerefusedto_____thecluestheywereworkingon.　　A.exhibit   B.disclose   C.expose   D.discern　　[答案]B.disclose.22/22\n　　[注释]disclose(=uncover;allowtobeseen;makeknown)透露,使显露：1)Thelawyerdisclosedthedetailsofthecase.2)Hedisclosedthathehadmadearrangementstobuyanewcar.exhibit展览,展出,显示,expose暴露,discern认出,发现,辨别,识别。　　本题译文：警方拒绝透露他们正在调查的线索。　　94.Whatyouhavedoneis_____thedoctor'sorders.　　  A.attachedto       B.resistantto　　  C.responsibleto    D.contraryto　　[答案]D.contraryto.　　[注释](be)contraryto与.......相反,违反(作表语):Whatyouwishtodoiscontrarytotheregulations.contraryto也可以作状语：a.Ifyouactcontrarytothedoctor'sadvice,youwon'tgetwellagain.b.ContrarytowhatIthought,hehasprovedtobesuccessful.2)作定语：Theboywasswimminginadirectioncontrarytothecurrent.(这男孩朝着逆流方向游去。)　　95.Theshop-assistantwasstraightwithhiscustomers.Ifanarticlewasof_____quality,he'dtellthemso.　　A.minor   B.humble   C.inferior   D.awkward　　[答案]C.inferior22/22\n　　[注释]inferior详见III.400.注释.　　本题译文：这位商店售货员对顾客很坦率。如果货物质量不好,他就把情况告诉顾客。　　96.Thecontinuousrainwas_____fortheexceptionalpoorharvest　　A.blamed   B.condemned   C.accused   D.charged　　[答案]A.blamed.　　[注释]blamesb./sth.for...因.......埋怨、责怪.......：Heblamesyouforneglectofduty.(他责怪你玩忽职守。)condemn谴责、判刑。Accusesb.of控告某人犯有.......。chargesb.with控告某人犯有......。　　97.Therocksareverybigwith_____ofcolorsonthem.　　A.bands   B.marks   C.rails   D.shapes　　[答案]A.bands.　　[注释]band(颜色与其余部分不同的)条纹。Mark痕迹,斑点;记号,标记。本题是讲岩石上色彩不同的“条纹”,故用bands.rail(轨道),shape(形状),均不合题意。　　98.Therewerenotickets_____forFriday'sperformance.22/22\n　　A.preferable B.possible C.considerableD.available　　[答案]D.available.　　[注释]available(=capableofbeingused;thatmaybeobtained)可利用的;可以找到的：1)Theseticketsareavailableforonemonth.(这些票的有效期一个月。)2)Isthereadoctoravailable?(有否可以找到大夫？)3)Alimitednumberofseatsarestillavailable.(仍然还有少量座位。)　　99.Despitealltheevidencetothecontrary,thewitness_____thathisstorywastrue.　　A.stuckout B.stoodout C.keptdown D.heldup　　[答案]A.stuckout.　　[注释]stickout坚持。详见III.400.注释.　　100.Inatyphoon,winds_____aspeedgreaterthan120kilometersperhour.　　A.assumeB.accomplishC.attain D.assemble　　[答案]C.attain.　　[注释]attain(=succeedindoingorgetting)达到(目的等),取得(成就等):Ihopeyouwillattainyourobject,accomplish(顺利)完成。assume假定,假设,承担。assemble集合;装配。22/22