2022高考英语复习：高考英语词汇400题及详解（六）

　　251.Itisnotprofitabletoprovidebusservicesindistrictswherethepopulationiswidely_____.　　A.scattered B.dismissed C.separated D.spread　　[答案]A.scattered.　　[注释]scattered是scatter的过去分词，也可作形容词用，（=lyingindifferentdirections;notsituatedtogether,wideapart）分散的，散布在各处的。Separate分开的，spread传播；摊开，dismiss解雇。　　252.Thereareusuallyatleasttwo_____oflookingateveryquestion.　　A.ways   B.directions   C.views   D.opinions　　[答案]A.ways.　　[注释]twowaysoflookingateveryquestions意指“观察每个问题的两个方面”。　　253.HeleftinsuchahurrythatI_____hadtimetothankhim.　　A.almost   B.even   C.nearly   D.scarcely　　[答案]D.scarcely.　　[注释]scarcely(=hardly,notquite,almost20/20\nnot)几乎没有。Scarcely是否定副词，类似的有：hardly,barely,rarely,seldom,little等。研究生入学考试中经常测试这类否定副词的用法。　　254.Asmoreandmorecarsareproducedandused,sothe_____fromtheirexhaust-pipescontainsanevenlargervolumeofpoisonousgas.　　A.exposure B.distribution C.expansion D.emission　　[答案]D.emission.　　[注释]emission散发物，发射。exposure(to)暴露于：Theybelievethattheirhealthproblemsaretheresultofyearsofexposuretofinecottondust.(他们认为，他们的健康问题是多年来暴露于棉花粉尘所致。)expansion膨胀，扩大；Heatcausestheexpansionofgas.本题译文：正如汽车的生产和使用越来越多一样，汽车的排气管的散发物内所含的有毒气体量也在增加。　　255.Thebookseemstohavebeen_____fromvariousbooksandarticles.　　  A.piecedtogether   B.takenoff　　  C.brokenaway       D.pulledout　　[答案]A.piecedtogether.　　[注释]piecetogether拼合，拼凑；takeoff起飞；breakawayfrom脱离；pullout拔出；驶出；（车）减速。20/20\n　　256.Wehadamarvelousholiday:onlythelasttwodayswereslightly_____bytheweather.　　  A.damaged   B.hurt   C.ruined   D.spoiled　　[答案]D.spoiled.　　[注释]spoiled使......扫兴:Ashowerofrainspoiledourday'souting.　　257.Icouldtellhewassurprisedfromthe_____onhisface.　　A.appearance   B.view   C.sight   D.expression　　[答案]D.expression.　　[注释]expression此处意指“表情”。Appearance表示人的“仪表，外表”。　　258.I'dliketotake_____ofthisopportunitytothankyouallforyourcooperation.　　A.profit B.benefit C.advantage D.interests　　[答案]C.advantage.　　[注释]takeadvantageof(=makeuseofsth.forone'sownbenefit)利用：takeadvantageofmy20/20\nignorance(利用我的无知)。　　259.Ifyoueverhavethe_____togoabroadtowork,youshouldtakeit.　　A.possibility   B.offer   C.luck  D.chance　　[答案]D.chance.　　[注释]chance(偶然的)机会。Have与the(或a)possibility不能搭配；常用Thereisapossibilityforsb.todosth.表示客观存在的“可能性”。　　260.Scientiststhinktheyhave_____intheirattempttofindthecausesofsomemajordieases.　　  A.brokenthrough   B.workedout　　  C.fallenout       D.gotround　　[答案]A.brokenthrough.　　[注释]breakthrough(=besuccessfulafterovercomingadifficulty)突破；取得重大成果：Scientistshopetobreakthroughsoonintheirfightagainstheartdisease.(科学家希望在与心脏病斗争中很快取得重大成果。)　　本题译文：科学家认为他们在探索某些重要疾病的病因中已取得重大突破。20/20\n　　261.Histestresultsarenotvery_____.Hedoeswelloneweekandbadlythenext.　　A.invariable B.consequentC.continuousD.consistent　　[答案]D.consistent.　　[注释]consistent1)始终如一，前后一致：Heisnotconsistentinhisstatements.(他的话并不前后一致。)2)与......一致：Thestoryisnotconsistentwiththefacts.Whatyousayisnotconsistentwithwhatyoudo.　　262.Thenewsafetyregulationswereagreedonafter_____withthework-force.　　  A.conference     B.participation　　  C.intervention   D.consultation　　[答案]D.consultation.　　[注释]consultation商议：holdaconsultationwithsb.aboutsth.（与某人商谈某事）。　　conference讨论会；participation参加，参与；intervention干预，干涉。　　263.Theroomwassoquietthatshecouldhearthe_____ofherheart.20/20\n　　A.hitting   B.beating   C.tapping  D.knocking　　[答案]B.beating.　　[注释]beating此处是动名词，指“（心）跳”：Herheartwasbeatingfuriously.　　264.DuringWorldWarIIMaltamanagedto_____mostofItalianandGermanbombersbythrowingupaneffectiveanti-aircraftscreen.　　A.putout B.shutout C.comeacrossD.getacross　　[答案]B.shutout.　　[注释]shutout(=preventfromcomingin;block)排除，排斥：Theyshutoutourdustbyhavingdoublewindows.(他们用双层窗户防尘。)　　putout扑灭；getacross越过；使人了解；comeacross偶然遇到。　　本题译文：第二次世界大战中，马耳他建立了有效的防空屏障以防止意大利和德国的轰炸机侵入。　　265.IthinkweshouldletMariagocampingwithherboyfriend._____,she'sabiggirlnow.　　A.AboveallB.AfterallC.FirstofallD.Forall20/20\n　　[答案]B.Afterall.　　[注释]afterall毕竟。　　“forall+名词”意为“尽管”:Forallhiswealth,hewasunhappy.(尽管他富有，但他并不幸福。)　　266.Jim'sclose_____tohisbrothermadepeoplemistakethemforoneanother.　　A.confusion B.similarity C.resemblanceD.imitation　　[答案]C.resemblance.　　[注释]resemblancen.像（to）。resemble(vt.)像;Sheresembleshermother.(=Shetakesafterhermother.)　　imitation模仿；仿效；confusion混乱，混淆；similarity相似性。　　267.Ithasbeendecidedthatthiscompanyhasthe_____righttoprintMr.Smith'snovels.　　A.eventual B.versatile  C.extensive D.exclusive　　[答案]D.exclusive.　　[注释]exclusive(=reservedtotheperson(s)concerned)独有的；Thisbathroomisforthepresident'sexclusiveuse.20/20\n　　eventual最终的；versatile通用的，万用的；extensive广泛的。　　268.Hehasrecently_____chesstoprovidehimselfwithsomerelaxation.　　A.takenonB.takenup C.heldonD.heldup　　[答案]B.takenup.　　[注释]takeup开始从事。takeon参阅Ⅲ，162,171注释。holdon,holdup参阅Ⅲ，162,171注释。　　269.Whataterribleexperience!_____,youaresafe,that'sthemainthing.　　A.Somehow B.Anyhow C.Somewhat D.Anywhere　　[答案]B.Anyhow.　　[注释]anyhow(at=anyrate;inanycase)无论如何，不管怎样。　　270.Johnalwaystriesto_____peoplewhoareusefultohimprofessionally.　　A.developB.provokeC.correspond D.cultivate　　[答案]D.cultivate.20/20\n　　[注释]cultivatesb.结识（有地位的人），培养与......的友谊：Healwaystriestocultivaterichandfamouspeople.(他总是极力结识有钱的知名人士。)　　本题译文：约翰总是力图结识在职业方面对他有用的人。　　271.Althoughhehasn'tanyformalqualifications,Betas_____todowellforhimself.　　A.managed B.succeeded C.arranged  D.convinced　　[答案]a.managed.　　[注释]managetodosth.(=succeedindoingsth.)设法做成某事：1)HemanagedtoescapetoSouthAmerica.(他设法逃到了南美。)2)Wemanagedtogetwhatwewanted,anyhow.(我们反正设法得到了需要的东西。)3)Doyousupposeyoucanmanagetogetmeapassport?(你能设法给我弄到一份护照吗？)　　本题译文：虽然他没有正式的资力，但他收入很多。Dowellforoneself吃香，收入多，改善自己的社会地位。　　272.Thefamilyisacooperativeenterpriseforwhichitisdifficultto_____rules,becauseeachfamilyneedstoworkoutitsownwaystodealwithitsownproblems.　　A.setup   B.putdown   C.keepup   D.laydown20/20\n　　[答案]D.laydown.　　[注释]laydown制定。参阅Ⅲ，97注释。　　273.Afterashortholiday,he_____himselfoncemoretohisstudies.　　A.applied   B.converted   C.engaged   D.exerted　　[答案]A.applied.　　[注释]applyoneselfto“致力于”。Applyone'smindto(专心于)。Applytosb.foraid(向某人求援)。Applyatheorytopractice(把理论应用于实践)。　　274.Shefelt_____ofhavingaskedsuchasillyquestionwhentheaudiencecouldn'thelplaughing.　　A.guilty B.crazyC.miserable D.ashamed　　[答案]D.ashamed.　　[注释]beashamedof因......感到羞耻，惭愧：1)Heisashamedofwhathewasdone.2)Shefeltashamedofhavingdonesolittle.(=Shefeltashamedthatshehaddonesolittle.)3)Johnwasashamedtoaskforhelp.(他不好意思向人求助。)4)Jimwasashamedtohavetroubledmewithsomanyquestions.Beguiltyof犯有......罪，过失：1)Hewasfoundguilty.2)Iamnotguiltyofthiscrime.20/20\n　　275.Thedrivercanadjusttheheatinginwinterandtheairconditioninginsummertosuithisown_____.　　A.leisure  B.preferenceC.convenience D.selection　　[答案]B.preference.　　[注释]preference偏爱，更加喜欢：Mypreferenceisforbeefratherthanforlamb.(我更喜欢牛肉面不是羊肉。)　　276.Thereisnotmuchtimeleft;SoI'lltellyouaboutit_____.　　A.indetail  B.inbrief  C.inshort D.inall　　[答案]B.inbrief.　　[注释]inbrief(=inafewwords)简短地（作状语）,例如：Hetoldmeinbriefwhathadhappened.（他简短地向我讲了已发生地事情。）此处inbrief等于briefly。此处，inbrief(=inaword,inshort)简言之（作插入语）1)Itisalongletter,butinbrief,hesays"No".(这是一封长信，但简言之，他说“不”。)2)Johnissmart,polite,andwell-behaved.Inbrief,heisadmirable.此句中inbrief意为inaword或inshort.inshort作插入语，其意思是inaword(总之)。Indetail详细地。Inall总计，总共：Thereare20inall.　　277.Shegotmarriedalthoughherparentshadnotgivenhertheir_____.20/20\n　　A.allowance  B.consent  C.permit D.appreciation　　[答案]B.consent.　　[注释]consentn.同意，赞成；consent(to)vi.同意，如：consenttoaplan(同意一项计划)。allowance津贴。permit执照，许可证。　　278.Therainwasheavyand_____thelandwasflooded.　　  A.consequently   B.constantly　　  C.continuously   D.consistently　　[答案]A.consequently.　　[注释]consequently(asaresult)因而，所以。　　279.Magnificentviewsoverthecountrysidehaveoften_____peopletowritepoems.　　A.convinced  B.inspiredC.induced D.attracted　　[答案]B.inspired.　　[注释]inspired鼓舞，激励，产生：1)Hisspeechinspiredustotryagain.2)Heinspiredconfidenceinme.(他使我产生信心。)3)Thegoodnewsinspireduswithhope.(这个好消息使我们产生希望。)20/20\n　　280.Fromthecheersandshoutsof_____,Igatheredthathewaswinningtherace.　　A.stimulusB.urgency C.encouragementD.promotion　　[答案]C.encouragement.　　[注释]encouragement鼓励，支持：shoutsofencouragement(鼓励的欢呼声)。　　本题译文：从欢呼声和鼓励声中，我猜想他正在赢得这场竞赛。　　281.Sheonceagainwentthroughhercompositioncarefullyto_____allspellingmistakesfromit.　　A.withdrawB.abandon  C.diminish D.eliminate　　[答案]D.eliminate.　　[注释]eliminate(=getridof,doawaywith)消除，排除，淘汰：1)Canthegovernmenteliminatepoverty?（政府能否消除贫困？）2)eliminateslangwordsformanessay(从文章中去掉俚语词)。　　282.Whenthelittlechildcaughtsightoftheyoungwoman_____inwhitehestartedbrawlingimmediately.　　A.dressed B.wearing C.worn D.puttingon20/20\n　　[答案]A.dressed.　　[注释]bedressedin穿这......衣服。Wear意为“穿着”是及物动词，语法结构上与本题不符。Puton穿上，强调的动作。　　283.Someareas,_____theirsevereweatherconditions,arehardlypopulated.　　A.duetoB.butforC.inspiteofD.withrelationto　　[答案]A.dueto.　　[注释]dueto由于。有些语言专家认为dueto引导的短语，在句中只能作表语，如：1)Hisabsencewasduetothestorm.2)Thedelaywasduetoheavytraffic.3)Thisaccidentwasduetohiscarelessness.但现代英语里dueto引导的短语可以作状语用，如：Hefailedduetocarelessness.Duetoheavytraffic,hewaslateforanhourorso.　　284.Manyuniversitycoursesarenotreally_____totheneedsofstudentsortheirfutureemployers.　　A.associated B.relative  C.geared D.sufficient　　[答案]C.geared.　　[注释]begearedto与......相连接的，与......搭配得上的。Berelativeto与......有关的：Thisisnotrelativetotheaccident.(这和这次事故无关。)本题意指courses(课程)20/20\n是否与needs(需要)挂得上钩，而不是一般得有点关系，故应选geared.　　285.Ifwecan_____ourpresentdifficulties,theneverythingshouldbeallright.　　A.getoff B.comeacross C.comeover D.getover　　[答案]D.getover.　　[注释]getover(difficulties)克服（困难）。　　286.Becarefulhowyou_____thatjug,itwillbreakveryeasily.　　A.pour  B.operate  C.handle D.employ　　[答案]C.handle.　　[注释]handle意为“用手拿......”:Washyourhandsbeforeyouhandlemybooks.　　287.Wesuddenlysawthebusabouttoleaveandhadtorun_____tocatchit.　　A.hardly   B.awkwardly   C.hard   D.strongly　　[答案]Chard.　　[注释]runhard意为“使劲跑”，句中hard是副词。Hardly“几乎不“20/20\n，是否定副词，与本题不符。　　288.Hehatedthewarsomuchthathedecidedtoleavethearmy_____.　　  A.forlong   B.onceinawhile　　  C.forgood   D.onceuponatime　　[答案]C.forgood.　　[注释]forgood(=permanently)永久地:Hesayshe'sleavingthecountryforgood.forlong长久地。按本题题意，用forlong不妥。onceuponatime从前。onceinawhile偶尔。　　289.Thisyearthefarmerswerejustabletogatherinthe_____beforethefineweathercametoanend.　　A.collection   B.harvest   C.flower   D.plant　　[答案]B.harvest.　　[注释]gatherin“收获(庄稼)”:Thefarmersaregatheringinthecorn.　　290.Asuccessfulscientistneeds_____ifhewantstomakehypothesis(假设)ofhowprocessesworkandhoweventstakeplace.　　  A.permission    B.penetration20/20\n　　  C.imagination   D.convention　　[答案]C.imagination.　　[注释]imagination想象力；penetration穿透；permission允许;convention惯例，常规。　　291.Tellyourbrothertocome_____,becauseit'sgoingtoraininaminuteortwo.　　A.indoors   B.outdoors   C.outward   D.inwards　　[答案]A.indoors　　[注释]按句子的逻辑意思应选indoorsadv.向屋里；在屋里，inwardsadv，向内，向中心，outward向外。outdoors是indoors的反义词。　　本文译文:叫你兄弟进屋来，因为天马上要下雨了.　　292.Ican'tadviseyouwhattodo.Youmustuseyourown_____.　　A.opinion   B.guesswork   C.justice   D.judgment　　[答案]Djudgement　　[注释]judgement判断。guesswork猜测，justice正义，公正，ideal理想。　　293.Becauseofthepoorharvest,wheatpriceshave_____20/20\ninthelastsixmonths.　　A.added   B.jumped   C.amounted   D.developed　　[答案]B.jumped.　　[注释]jump(=risesuddenlyinprice)指“(价格)暴涨”。　　294.Thereisa20minuteparking_____here,sowemustgetbacktothecarveryquickly.　　A.freedom  B.limitC.allowance D.prohibition　　[答案]B.limit.　　[注释]parkinglimit意为在停车场“停车的时间限制”。a20minutesparkinglimit(停车时间限制为20分钟).　　295.Thecountryneedsa_____government.WehavehadthreePrimeMinistersinayear.　　A.stationaryB.changelessC.constantD.stable　　[答案]D.stable.　　[注释]stable稳定的。stationary静止的，不变的，固定的。changeless不变的，无变化的。constant经常不断的。　　296.Havingsaidhewouldmendtheclock,hediscoveredthathehadnotbroughtthe_____toolsforthejob.20/20\n　　A.concise   B.correct   C.right   D.precise　　[答案]C.right.　　[注释]right适当的，恰当的:Heistherightmantodothejob。(他是干这项工作的合适人选)concise简明扼要的，correct正确的；exact确切的：exacttime确切的时间，exactage确切的年龄，exactweight确切的重量；exactweight确切的重量；exactinformation确切的信息；exactcause确切的原因；exactmeaning确切的意思。　　297.Radiumsalts,whichhavebeenfoundto_____inbones,giverisetocancersofthebone.　　A.pileup   B.buildup   C.keepup   D.pullup　　[答案]B.buildup.　　[注释]buildup(=accumulate)积累。pileup堆积。keepup保持，维持。pullup停车。　　298.Ithasbeenlaiddownthateachstudentmust_____acompositiontotheteacheronceaweek.　　A.turnin B.giveupC.putforwardD.bringout　　[答案]A.turnin.　　[注释]turnin(=handin)上交。20/20\n　　299.Ourhouseisthemost_____oneinthestreet;itispaintedred.　　A.permanentB.indifferentC.predominantD.prominent　　[答案]D.prominent.　　[注释]prominent突出的；突起的。indifferent漠不关心的；permanent永久的；predominant占优势的，主要的。　　300.IshalltakeyoubacktoBeijing_____youarewellenoughtotravel.　　A.presentlyB.promptlyC.immediately D.shortly　　[答案]C.immediately　　[注释]immediately(=directly)作连词用，意为“一……就……”，相当于assoonas.20/20