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2022高考英语复习:高考英语词汇400题及详解(五)

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  201.Whatmakesthespaceshuttle_____isthatittakesofflikearocketbutlandslikeanairplane.  A.exceptional   B.strange   C.unique   D.rare  [答案]C.unique.  [注释]unique(=beingtheonlyoneofitstype)同类事物中独一无二的。如:Thisstampisunique;allotherslikeithavebeenlostordestroyed.  202.Peoplecannotbutfeel_____,fortheysimplycannotunderstandhowhecouldhavemadesuchastupidmistake.  A.puzzled   B.delighted   C.induced   D.inspired  [答案]A.puzzled.  [注释]be(feel,get)puzzled感到迷惑、为难。  本题译文:人们不得不感到迷惑,因为他们简直不能理解,他怎么能犯这样愚蠢的错误。  203.Whenaspaceshuttlehasaccomplishedits_____,itcanbereadyforanothertripinabouttwoweeks.  A.venture B.missionC.commissionD.responsibility  [答案]B.mission.23/23\n  [注释]mission通常指一种特殊的、特定的且有一定难度的使命或工作,常与accomplish,complete等词搭配,如:accomplishahistoricmission完成一项历史使命。Venture冒险;常指商业上的冒险投机。例如:Hedeclinedthebusinessventure.Commission委任;代理;佣金。Heoftengoesbeyondhiscommission.(他时常越权。)responsibility责任。  本题译文:当航天飞机完成了它的使命,它能在大约两周内做好准备再次航行。  204.He'sthekindofmanwhoisfondof_____complimentstoothermen'swives.  A.paying B.saying C.expressing D.showing  [答案]A.paying  [注释]payacompliment(compliments)tosb.恭维某人。  205.Radarenablesthepilotofanairlinertotakeoff,flyandlandin_____.  A.danger  B.comfort C.continuityD.safety  [答案]D.safety.  [注释]insafety安全地。从逻辑上看,其他选择均不切题。23/23\n  206.Themapwasdrawntothestandard_____of1/100,000,sotherewasnotmuchdetail.  A.route   B.line   C.rate   D.scale  [答案]d.scale.  [注释]scale在此题中意指“(实物与地图、图解等代表物间的)比例,比例尺”.bedrawntobestandardscaleof1/100,000(按照十万分之一标准比例尺绘制)。  207.OurPartyhasalwaysdevotedgreatattentiontoraisingtheliving_____oftheworkingpeople.  A.cost   B.situation   C.level   D.standard  [答案]D.standard.  [注释]livingstandard生活水准。  208.Itwas_____bytherailwayboardthatthecostofrailfareswouldbeincreasedbytenpercent.  A.noticed   B.stated   C.suggested   D.noted  [答案]B.stated.  [注释]state此处意为“(=makesth.know,announce)宣布,通告,声明(口头的或书面的)”,如:Itisstatedthatalltheaccidentwere23/23\nkilled.(据宣布,事故中全部人员无一幸免。)suggest建议,是表示欲望意义的动词,从句中要用虚拟语气(should+动词原形)。Note(=notice)“注意到”,如:Itwasnotedthatthetemperatureroseduringthistime.  222.ThechancesofdiscoveringlifeonNeptuneareaboutamillion_____.  A.atone   B.forone   C.toone   D.againstone  [答案]c.theone.  [注释]amilliontoone百万分之一,意为“几乎没有什么可能”。  210.Everythinghesaidthenwas_____bywhathappenedlater.  A.identified B.signifiedC.noticed  D.verified  [答案]D.verified.  [注释]verify(=provethetruthof)证实,证明:1)Itwaseasytoverifyhisstatements.(很容易证实他说的话。)2)Laterfindingsverifiedthescientist'stheory(后来的各种发现证明这位科学家的理论是对的。)  identify识别,鉴别;signify表示,意味,要紧;有重要性:1)Hesignifiedthatheagreedbynodding.(他点头表示同意。)2)Nevermind,itdoesn'tsignify.(没事儿,这无关紧要。)23/23\n  211.Theparty,whichhadbeengreatly_____,wasspoiledbytherudebehaviorofanuninvitedguest.    A.lookedforwardto   B.lookedupto    C.calledforth        D.calledfor  [答案]A.lookedforwardto.  [注释]Lookforwardto期待,盼望。参阅Ⅲ.122.;callforth引起,唤起。参阅Ⅲ.29注释。Callfor需要,参阅Ⅲ.26注释。Lookupto尊敬。  212.Itwasclearthatthesmallgrocerwas_____peopleheowedmoneyto.    A.attheexpenseof    B.attheriskof    C.inthewayof        D.atthemercyof  [答案]D.atthemercyof.  [注释]atthemercyof在......支配下:Theshipwasatthemercyofthewaves.(这艘船任凭风浪摆布。)  attheexpenseof以......为代价,靠牺牲......;inthewayof碍......事;attheriskof冒......的危险:1)Hedevotedhistimetofootballattheexpenseofhisstudies.(他牺牲学习把时间都花在足球上。)2)Hersocialliftgotinthewayofher23/23\nstudies.(她的社交生活妨碍了她的学习。)3)Wedothisattheriskofourlivesandliberties.(我们冒丢掉生命和丧失自由的危险做这件事。)  本题译文:显然,这家小杂铺任凭其债主的摆布。  213.I_____hernottowalkonthethinicebutshewouldnotlistentome.  A.warned   B.persuaded   C.suggested   D.noticed  [答案]A.warned.  [注释]warnsb.(not)todosth.警告某人(不)做某事。  Suggest不能接sb.todosth。persuadesb.(not)todosth.说服、某人(不)做某事;本题中不能选D.persuaded,因该动词强调行为的结果。从逻辑上讲,既然“说服了”,那么与shewouldn'tlistentome就前后矛盾了。如果把句子该为:Itriedtopersuadehernottowalkonthethinicebutshewouldn'tlistentome.(我极力劝她不要在薄冰上走,但她不愿听我的话。),那么就符合逻辑了。  [注意]warnsb.ofsth.警告某人有......。  214.Whenproductsmadeinfactories_____,theyarethrownawayasgarbage.    A.cometoanend   B.areputtouse23/23\n    C.areusedup      D.wearout  [答案]D.wearout.  [注释]wearout本题中意指(becomeuselessformcontinueduseofwear)用坏,穿破,如:Themachinewillsoonwearout.(这机器即将用坏。)cometoandend(结束),put...touse(投入使用),useup(用完),comeintouse(开始投入使用)。  215.Sheismakingherselfillwith_____overherson'sfuture.  A.trouble   B.annoyance   C.disgust   D.worry  [答案]D.worry  [注释]worry既可作动词用,也可以作名词用,意思是“忧虑”,后接介词about或over。worryover比worryabout对某事的忧虑更为持久,更为专注,如:Heworriesovertheleastthingthatgoeswrong.(他总是惟恐有一点小事出错。)  216.Themicrophoneenabledthemtokeepintouch,inotherwords,itmadeit_____forthemtocontacteachother.  A.likely   B.capable   C.possible   D.probable  [答案]C.possible23/23\n  [注释]able有才能的,有能力的,指人的才智,而且是受过实际锻炼的才干。Capable“有才能的,能胜任的”(有褒、贬二义),如:Heiscapableofanything.(他什么事都干得出来。)此句含有明显得贬义。此外,作表语时,able接不定式,capable接of.capable还有一意思是“有可能的”,例如:Thecariscapableofbeingrepaired.(这辆汽车是有可能修好的。)用于此义时,becapableof后常接被动语态动名词或有动作意义的名词:Thesituationiscapableofimprovement.possible强调客观可能性,“可能的”程度比probable"大概的,很可能的低一些。  [注意]likely与possible在结构搭配上的区别。Likely可用于下列句型中:1)Itislikelythat...例如:Itishighlylikelythathewillsucceed.(很可能他会成功。)2)think(feel,consider)itlikely...例如:Ithinkitlikelythatwewillultimatelygetacertainamountofmoney.3)belikelytodosth.例如:Heislikelytoseeyouagain.但下面的句型是错误的,Itislikelyforsbtodosth.所以thinkitlikelyforsb.todosth.也是错误的,故本题不能选likely.  217.Theydidnotfind_____topreparefortheworstconditionstheymightmeet.    A.worththeirwhile   B.itworthwhile    C.itworth            D.itworthy23/23\n  [答案]B.itworthwhile  [注释]worthwhile值花时间(或精力)干的:1)ThevisittoPariswasworthwhile.2)Hethinksteachingforeignlanguagesisworthwhile.3)Shehasaveryworthwhilejob.4)Ithinkitworthwhiletoworkonmystampcollection.  Worthy(of)配得上,值得:1)Heisworthyofbeingpraised.(=Heisworthytobepraised.)2)Heisaworthywinner.3)Sheisnotworthytotalktomanlikeyou.(她配不上与你这样一位男士谈话)。  218.Inspiteofthethunderstorm,thechildrenslept_____allnight.  A.densely   B.soundly   C.loudly   D.noisily  [答案]B.soundly  [注释]sleepsoundly熟睡。也可以说sleepheavily.  219.John_____knowledgeofradiojustbystayingaroundtheradiostation.  A.caughton B.workedup C.tookup D.pickedup  [答案]D.pickedup  [注释]pickup学到,习得。详见Ⅲ。130注释。  220.Isupportyourdecision,butIshouldalsomakeitclear23/23\nthatIamnotgoingtobe_____toit.  A.connected   B.fastened   C.bound   D.stuck  [答案]C.bound  [注释]beboundtosth.受...的约束:Iwasboundtomypromise.(我受我的诺言约束)[注意]beboundtodosth.1)一定会:Theplanisboundtowin.(这项计划一定会成功。)2)有责任(义务):Youareboundtoobeythelaws.(你有责任遵守法纪)。  本题译文:我支持你的决定,但是我得说明,我不打算受它约束。  221.ProfessorJordoniswellknownforhis_____intothehabitsofthecommonhousefly.    A.examination   B.introduction    C.research      D.expression  [答案]C.research  [注释]researchinto对...研究:1)(作动词用)Heisresearchingintothereadingproblemsofyoungschoolchildren.2)(作名词用)tocarryoutaresearch(=someresearch)intothecausesofbraindamage.(对大脑损伤原因进行研究)。23/23\n  研究可译为makeresearchesinto,makeastudyof或直接用动词studyvt或researchinto(aproblemetc.).  222.ThePrimeMinisterrefusedtocommentontherumorthathehadplannedto_____.  A.discharge   B.dismiss   C.resign   D.resume  [答案]C.resign  [注释]resign(=giveupapost)辞职:1)imaginehewillresign.2)Itwashisdutytoresignhisposition.  dischargesb.=dismisssb.解雇某人:Hewasdischarged(=dismissed)forbeingdishonest.  223.Itwasdecidedto_____thesearchwhentherewasnohopeoffindingthemissinggirlalive.  A.calloff   B.takeup   C.keepoff   D.ringup  [答案]A.calloff  [注释]calloff(=cancel)取消。详见Ⅲ。25注释。  224.Heputinaspecial_____foranextraday'sholidaysothathecouldattendhisdaughter'swedding.  A.request   B.demand   C.inquiry   D.proposal  [答案]A.request23/23\n  [注释]request请求,putinarequestfor(提出请求)。enquiry询问,demand需求,需要,proposal建议,均不和题意。  225.She_____thetemptationtobuyacoatshecouldnotafford.  A.challenged B.obstructedC.contradictedD.resisted  [答案]D.resisted.  [注释]resist此处意指(=keeponeselfbackfrom)“忍住...”,resisttemptation(不受诱惑)。  本题译文:她不受诱惑,不去买她买不起的外衣。  226.Scientistshavetoworkhardtokeep_____withmoderndiscoveriesanddevelopments.    A.company   B.track   C.touch   D.pace  [答案]D.pace.  [注释]keeppacewith跟上:1)Thishorseistooweaktokeeppacewiththeothers.2)Ican'thelppacewithyourplan.  Keepintouchwith与......保持联系;了解(情况);1)Peoplecankeepintouchwitheachotherevenwhentheydoleave.2)Ifinditverydifficulttokeepintouchwithalltherecentdevelopmentsinmysubject.(我觉得很难了解我的科目当前的一切新发展。)23/23\n  Keepcompany(with)与......相好:Neverkeepcompanywithdishonestpersons.(千万不要和不诚实的人来往。)  Keeptrackof通晓事态,了解动向:Ifinditdifficulttokeeptrackofmyoldfriends.(我很难了解我的老朋友的情况。)keeptrackof的反义结构是losetrackof(失去联系)。  以上成语均为考试大纲规定的内容,考生务必熟记。  227.Hedidn't_____whatIreadbecausehismindwasonsomethingelse.  A.holdon   B.catchon   C.takein   D.getover  [答案]C.takein  [注释]takein(=understand)理解。参阅Ⅲ。173注释。holdon(打电话时)不要挂断;catchon明白(作不及物动词用),catchonto懂得,明白(作及物动词用);getover克服。  228.Wemadeplansforavisitbut_____difficultieswiththecarpreventedit.    A.consequent    B.subordinate  C.substantial   D.subsequent  [答案]D.subsequent.23/23\n  [注释]subsequent(=later,following)随后得,接着发生的:subsequentevents(随后发生的事件)。consequent(作为结果)而随之发生的:Hislongillnessandconsequentabsenceputhimbehindinhiswork.根据题意,本题用subsequent更妥。  229.Arroganceandpridearesimilarinmeaning,butthereis_____differencebetweenthem.    A.asubmerged     B.anindecisive    C.anindistinct   D.asubtle  [答案]D.asubtle.  [注释]subtle微妙的,微细的,难以捉摸的。asubtledifference.(微细的差别)。Submerged浸没的;indecisive非决定性的,非结论性的,未清楚标明的;indistinct不清楚的,模糊的;subconscious下意识的。  230.Thiswatchis_____toalltheotherwatchesonthemarket.  A.superior B.advantageous C.superD.beneficial  [答案]A.superior.  [注释]superior。参看Ⅱ,669注释。  231.Thegovernmenthaslostagreatdealof_____becauseofthelargeincreaseinfoodpries.23/23\n  A.strength   B.support   C.agreement   D.vote  [答案]B.support.  [注释]losesupport失去支持。vote作为“选票”解时,是可数名称,所以不能与agreatdealof搭配。  232.Thebranchescouldhardly_____theweightofthefruit.  A.retain   B.maintain  C.sustain   D.remain  [答案]C.sustain.  [注释]sustain(=holduptheweightof)承住,支撑:Anoldwallcannotsustainanewbuilding.  233.Hethoughtthiswasthefirstpairofshoesthathadfittedhim_____.  A.perfectly   B.justly   C.fairly   D.rightly  [答案]A.perfectly.  [注释]perfectly(=quitewell,completely)十分,完全地。  justly公正地,正当地,应得地;rightly正确地,恰当地,正直地;fairly公正地,正当地;相当,还算;清楚地。23/23\n  234.Ifeelsurethat_____qualification,abilityandexperience,youareabundantlysuitedtothepositionwehaveinmind.    A.incaseof          B.intermsof    C.intheopinionof   D.inthecourseof  [答案]B.intermsof.  [注释]intermsof依据,按照。Incaseof万一......;intheopinionof按照......的看法;inthecourseof在......的过程中,在......期间。以上4个习语均为大纲规定之列,考生应熟记、活用。Have...inmind心中想到。  本题译文:我肯定,根据资格、能力和经验,你完全适合我们心中想到的工作。  235.Sofarashecould,Johnhadalwaystriedto_____theexamplehesawinLincoln.  A.liveuptoB.setforthC.callfor D.cutout  [答案]A.liveupto.  [注释]liveupto不辜负,作到;参阅Ⅲ,102注释,setforth阐明,提出,列举;参阅Ⅲ,154注释,cutout删去;参阅Ⅲ,38注释,callfor需要,要求;参阅Ⅲ,26注释。23/23\n  本题译文:只要约翰能够,他总是努力做到他在林肯身上所看到的榜样。  236.Itwouldbe_____arisktoletthechildgotoschoolbyhimself.  A.following B.passing C.running   D.carrying  [答案]C.running.  [注释]run(take)arisk冒风险:Youarerunningabigriskintrustinghim.(你信任他是冒极大的风险。)byoneself(=alone)单独,独立地。  237.Childrenwhoareover-protectedbytheirparentsmaybecome_____.    A.hurt   B.spoiled   C.damaged   D.harmed  [答案]B.spoiled.  [注释]spoil(=makeachildselfishfromhavingtoomuchattentionorpraise)宠坏,惯坏;Sparetherod,spoilthechild.(省下了棍子,惯坏了孩子。)这是英国谚语,意为“棒头上出孝子”。  238.PapermakingbeganinChinaandfromthereit_____toNorthAfricaandEurope.23/23\n    A.sprang   B.spilled   C.carried   D.spread  [答案]D.spread.  [注释]spreadvt./vi.此处意指“传播”,如:1)Thenewsspreadquickly.2)Filesspreaddisease.(苍蝇传播疾病。)carry是及物动词,意为把某人从一处带到他处,故也有“传送”的含义,如:Hecarriedthenewstoeveryoneinthevillage.当carryvt.在本句中与句子的语法结构不符。Carry作vi.用时,指“(发射物、声音等)能射到,能传到”,如:Hisvoicecarriesfar.(他的声音能传得很远。)  239.Whentheentireclassworkedtogethertheyfinishedtheproject_____.    A.innoway      B.innotime    C.onnoaccount  D.innocase  [答案]B.innotime.  [注释]innotime(=inaverylittletime,soon,quickly)立即,马上:Thebusfilledwithstudentsinnotime.(这辆公共汽车很快就被学生挤满了。)  240.The_____ofhisclothesindicatedtooclearlythathehadbeenplayingfootball.  A.state B.conditionC.occasion  D.situation23/23\n  [答案]A.state.  [注释]staten.状况,状态。例如:Sheisinapoorstateofhealth.Situation处境,形势,局面,情况,工作:Hewasinahopelesssituation.condition情况(多用复数):Economicconditionswerebad.occasion场合,时机。  241.Circustigers,althoughtheyhavebeentamed,can_____attacktheirtrainer.    A.unexpectedly   B.deliberately    C.reluctantly    D.subsequently  [答案]A.unexpectedly.  [注释]unexpectedly出乎意料地。例如:Heunexpectedlyfailedtogetthejob.(他出乎意料没有得到这件工作。)又如:Wemeteachotherunexpectedly.(我们不期而遇。)deliberately故意地:Ibelievethehousewasdeliberatelysetfireto.(我相信这房子是有人故意放火烧的。)reluctantly不情愿地,勉强地:Sheagreed,veryreluctantly,tohelp.(她十分买鸟枪地同意帮忙。)subsequently后来,随后:Heescapedfromprisonbutwassubsequentlyrecaptured.(他越狱逃跑了,但后来又被抓回来。)  本题译文:马戏团地老虎虽然已被驯服,但也会出乎意料地袭击驯兽师。23/23\n  242.Stressfulenvironmentsleadtounhealthybehaviorssuchaspooreatinghabits,which_____increasetheriskofheartdisease.  A.inturn B.inreturn C.bychanceD.byturns  [答案]A.inturn。  [注释]inturn(插入语)转而,依次,而又:Weneedrevisionofestimatedsalesandthis,inturn,willmeanrevisioninproductionschedule.(我们必须修改预计销量,而这反过来又意为这修订生产计划。)inreturn作为报答:IwishIcoulddosomethingforyouinreturn.(我要是能为你做点事作为报案就好了。)Igavehimapresentbuthegavemenothinginreturn.(我送给他一份礼物,可他却什么也不给我作为答谢。)bychance(=byaccident)偶然地;无意中:ImeethimbychanceonFifthAvenue.(我偶然在第5大街上遇到他。)byturns轮流地,依次:Thereweretwelveofusintheboatandwerowedbyturns.(船上有12人,我们轮流划船。)  本题译文:紧张的环境会导致诸如不良的饮食习惯等不健康行为,而后者又会增加患心脏病的危险。  243.Thepatientsbelievethatthedoctorknowsexactlyhowtoputthem_____.    A.correct   B.perfect   C.right   D.well  [答案]C.right。23/23\n  [注释]putsth./sb.right纠正;治好,使恢复健康:Sincemanhasdonesomuchdamage,itisuptomantoputthemattersright.(既然人类已造成了如此巨大的损害,人类又哲人纠正这种状况。)又如:Thismedicinewillsoonputyouright.(这药很快会使你恢复健康。)其他3个选择均不能与put构成习语,故不能入选。  本题译文:病人相信医生清楚地知道怎样治好他的病。  244.Theydecidedtoleavethewaiterabig_____becausethefoodandservicehadbeenexcellent.    A.note   B.reward   C.tip   D.gift  [答案]C.tip。  [注释]tip本题中意为“小费”。  245.Andyoufindthatyou'renottobe_____withapositionofrealresponsibility.  A.offered B.trusted  C.furnishedD.retained  [答案]B.trusted。  [注释]trustsb.withsth.把某事托付给某人:Ican'ttrusthimwithmycar.(我不能把我的车托付给他。)本题译文:你认为不会把真正有责任的工作托付给你。23/23\n  246.Therewasagood_____ofthecountrysidefromthefrontofthebus.    A.sight   B.view   C.scene   D.scenery  [答案]B.view。  [注释]view在本句中意指“看,眺望”,如:Itisalargeroomwithaviewofthedoctor'swell-keptgarden.(这是一间大房间,从房间里能看到医生精心管理的花园。)本题译文:坐在汽车的前排座位可以清楚地看到乡间的景色。  247.Inaerospacedevicestheweightofthenecessarypowerproducingequipmentis_____.  A.vital   B.possible   C.capable   D.reliable  [答案]A.vital。  [注释]vital极其重要的。本题译文:在航空航天装置中必要的动力设备的重量问题是至关紧要的。  248.Thisalbumis_____asitwastheonlyoneeversignedbythePresident.    A.unusual   B.unique   C.rare   D.special  [答案]B.unique。23/23\n  [注释]unique(某一类中)独一无二的。如选unusual(不寻常的,独特的),虽然也说得过去,但毫无疑问,unique是最佳选择,因为它的后面theonlyone相呼应。Special专门的,专用的,例如;TheywenttoLondononaspecialtrain.[他们搭一班专车(或加班车)去伦敦。]rare稀有的,罕见的,如:raremetals(稀有的金属)。Singular单数的。  249.Trainsstophereinorderto_____passengersonly.  A.getoff   B.pickup   C.pullup   D.pullin  [答案]B.pickup  [注释]pickuppassages(接运旅客上车。)  pullin(火车)进站;(船)靠岸;pullup停车;getoff下车。  250.He_____theplacewherehehadbeenbittenbyaninsect.  A.snatchedB.scratched C.squeezed D.stretched  [答案]B.scratched.  [注释]scratch抓,搔。此外,有一常用习语:scratchone'sheadoversth.对某事迷惑不解,搔头皮。Snatch掠夺;stretch拉长,延伸,撑大;squeeze压榨,挤。23/23

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