2022高考英语复习：高考英语词汇400题及详解（三）

　　101.ProfessorSmithandProfessorBrownwill_____ingivingtheclasslectures.　　A.exchange   B.alter   C.shift   D.alternate　　[答案]D.alternate.　　[注释]alternatevt./vi.轮流，交替发生或出现：Wetdaysalternatewithfinedays.(晴雨天交替更迭。)Theweathertodaywillalternatebetweenfineandcloudy.(今天的天气将是晴间多云。)shift般动，移动（vt.）；转移到，迁移（vi.）；改变：1)Lendmeahandtoshiftthepiano,willyou?(请帮个忙搬一下这台钢琴。)2)Theyhaveshiftedawayfromthisarea.(他们已从这一地区迁走了。)3)Thecandidateisconstantlyshiftinghisopinionabouttheproblem.(这位竞选者在这个问题上不断改变他的观点。)exchange交换；exchange...for...用.......换......；alter(部分)修改。　　102.Packthecakeinastrongbox,oritmightget_____inthepost.　　  A.splashed   B.spilt   C.crushed   D.crashed　　[答案]C.crushed.　　[注释]crush压坏，压碎；弄皱；辗散；1)Don'tcrushthisbox;thereareflowersinside.(不要把这个盒子压坏了，里面有鲜花。)2)Herdresswascrushed.(她的衣服弄皱了。)3)Themachinecrusheswheatgraintomakefloor.(这台机器把麦粒辗成面粉。)splash溅，泼；split(中间)23/23\n裂开；crash(向下)猛跌；（飞机）失事。　　103.Thethief_____thepapersallovertheroomwhilehewassearching.　　A.abandoned B.vanishedC.scattered  D.deserted　　[答案]C.scattered.　　[注释]scatter(=throworputinvariousdirections,orhereandthere)撒。abandon放弃，抛弃。desert遗弃（而离开）。vanish消亡，灭亡。本题句意是将小偷在搜寻钱时的情景，所以应选scattered(撒)。　　104.Today,houseworkhasbeenmademucheasierbyelectrical_____.　　A.facilitiesB.appliances C.instrumentsD.equipment　　[答案]B.appliances.　　[注释]electricappliances电器用具，facilities公用设备。equipment设备,装备，是集合名词，指“设备”的总称，只有当数形式。instrument仪器。　　105.The_____ofthetreesinthewaterwasveryclear.　　A.mirror B.sight C.reflection D.shadow23/23\n　　[答案]C.reflection.　　[注释]reflection此处意为“映在水中的倒影”，而不是“影子”或“阴影”，故不能用shadow。其他选择均不合题意。　　106.One_____neededwhenmakingacakeisflour;anotherissugar.　　A.container B.ingredientC.content D.equivalent　　[答案]B.ingredient.　　[注释]ingredient(混合物的)成分。container容器，含量；内容（复数）。equivalent:相等物。　　107.Theyhavebeenwaitingformanyhourstoseethesinger,buttheairplanemusthavebeen_____.　　  A.behindthetimes   B.behindschedule　　  C.aheadoftime     D.innotime　　[答案]B.behindschedule.　　[注释]behindschedule(=late,behindtime)晚点：Thetrainisrunningbehindscheduletoday.(=Thetrainisnotontimetoday.)behindthetimes(=usingthingsnotinstyle;stillfollowingoldways;oldfashioned)过时，跟不上时代，落后：1)Thestoreisbehindthe23/23\ntimes.(=Thestoreisold-fashioned;itlooksasstoreslooked40yearsago.)2)Marythinksherparentsarebehindthetimesbecausetheystilldothefox-trotanddon'tknowanynewdances.(=Mary'sparentsareold-fashionedintheirdancings.)aheadoftime提前：Theyhavefulfilledtheirproductionplansaheadoftime,innotime(=soon,quickly)立即，马上：I'llbebackinnotimetoseeyouhome.　　108.Neitherofthemthoughthighlyofhimandtheybothtriedto_____himinhiswork.　　  A.hamper   B.support   C.assist   D.encourage　　[答案]A.hamper.　　[注释]hamper(=hinder,preventfreemovementoractivity)阻碍：Lackofequipmentishamperingourwork.　　本题译文：他们两人都认为他不怎么样并极力阻碍他工作。　　Thinkhighlyof...对...评价很高，认为......很好。　　122.Herdisplayofbadtempercompletely_____theparty.　　  A.harmed   B.damaged   C.spoilt   D.hurt　　[答案]C.spoilt.　　[注释]spoil指出意指“使......扫兴，搞糟”，如：Quarrellingspoiltthe23/23\npicnic.(争吵使这次野餐弄得很扫兴。)hurt伤害，damage损坏，harm危害，均不合题意。　　110.Weforgavehisbadtemperbecauseweknewthathisson'sillnesshadputhimundergreat_____.　　  A.emotion   B.excitement   C.crisis   D.stress　　[答案]D.stress.  [注释]putsb.under(great)stress使某人处境（非常）紧张，使某人受（很大）压力。　　111.Thereferenceshemadetoherfriend,thepoet,wasinterestingbuttoo_____foranyonetoappreciate.　　  A.drastic   B.dull   C.obscure  D.distinct　　[答案]C.obscure.　　[注释]obscure(=notclearlyseenorunderstood)模糊难懂得。drastic激烈的，严厉的；dull单调的；distinct清楚的，明显的；截然不同的（from）。　　本题译文：她提到她的朋友----诗人时所说的话是令人感兴趣，但没有说清楚，以致没有人为此感激。　　112.He_____hisengagementjustbeforethewedding.　　  A.brokeout   B.brokeawayfrom　　  C.brokeoff   D.brokeup23/23\n　　[答案]C.brokeoff.　　[注释]breakoff(=ceasesuddenly,discontinue)突然中断；breakoffone'sengagement(解除婚约)。Breakoff(=interrupt)one'sconversation(打断谈话)。Breakout(=beginsuddenly)爆发。Breakawayfrom摆脱，从......退出。　　113.Whensheheardfromthehospitalthatherfatherhaddied,she_____intotears.　　  A.burst   B.went   C.exploded   D.fell　　[答案]A.burst　　[注释]burstintotears放声大哭；又如：burstintothunderouscheers(发出雷呜般的欢呼)；burstintolaughing(捧腹大笑)。　　114.Yourhelpis_____forthesuccessoftheproject.　　  A.indispensable   B.indicative　　  C.inevitable      D.inherent　　[答案]A.indispensable.　　[注释]indispensable(to,for)不可缺少的，必需的。Indicative(of)指示的。Inevitable不可避免的。Inherent固有的，内在的，天生的。23/23\n　　115._____theEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday.　　A.Inspiteof B.Butfor C.Becauseof D.Asfor　　[答案]B.Butfor　　[注释]butfor(=without,exceptfor)若非，要不是：Butforyourhelpwecouldnothavefinisheditintime.(要不是你的帮助，我们本来不会及时完工。)　　116.Itwasdifficulttoguesswhather_____tothenewswouldbe.　　A.impressionB.comment C.reaction D.opinion　　[答案]C.reaction.　　[注释]reaction(to)对......的反应：Ourreactiontoajokeistolaugh.　　117.Ourattitudetowardourteachersshouldbe_____,butnotslavishorsuperstitious.　　A.respectableB.respectedC.respectiveD.respectful　　[答案]D.respectful.　　[注释]respectable(=deservingrespect)值得尊敬的,品行端正的。respectful(=showingrespect23/23\nto)有礼貌的，表示尊敬的。Respective各个的。respected尊敬的。Respectingprep.(=relatingto;concernedwith)关于，说到。　　118.Wecouldseethathewastryingto_____hisownresponsibilityforthedelay,insteadofacceptinghisfault.　　A.runover B.smoothover C.passoff D.turndown　　[答案]B.smoothover.　　[注释]smoothover(=makesmooth,putright,balliate)使平息，使恢复正常的，掩饰：1)Iwilltrytosmooththeirquarrelover.(我将设法平息他们的争吵。)2)Don'ttrytosmoothoveryourfault.（不要设法掩饰你的过错。）　　runover详见Ⅲ.145,146.注释；passoff详见Ⅲ.126.注释；turndown详见Ⅲ.180,181.注释.　　119.Glemp'sheroicflightintospaceentitledhim_____aplaceinhistory.　　  A.for   B.with   C.to   D.of　　[答案]C.to.　　[注释]entitlesb.tosth.(=givearightto)给予权利：1)Heisentitledtospecialtreatmentbecauseofhisrank(由于他的级别他有权享受特殊待遇。)2)Officersareentitledtotravelfirstclass.（军官们有权乘头等车旅行。）23/23\n　　120.He's_____drinkandneverdoesastrokeofwork.　　A.goneto   B.takento   C.takenup   D.gonefor　　[答案]B.takento.　　[注释]taketo养成（某种习惯）。Astrokeof一件。本题译文：他以成了酒徒，从来没有干过一件工作。　　121."Whoisresponsibleforsendingoutmisinformation?"　　"Mostofthefaultlies_____theadministration."　　  A.in   B.to   C.on   D.with　　[答案]D.with.　　[注释]liewith应由.......（承担责任）；（作出决定等）得靠......1)Theresponsibilitylieswiththedriver.(责任应由这个司机承担。)2)Itlieswithyoutoacceptorrejecthetheproposal.(接受还是拒绝这项建议由你决定。)　　liein在于：1)Thedifficultyliesintheirgreatpoverty.(困难在于他们非常贫困。)2)thesolutionliesinsocialandpoliticalreform.(解决方法在于社会政治改革。)　　122.Peoplewholiveinasmallvillageareboundtoseeagood_____ofeachother.　　  A.sum   B.quantity   C.deal   D.amount23/23\n　　[答案]C.deal.　　[注释]seeagooddealofeachother经常见面。　　123.Maria_____missedthefirsttrainsoastotravelonthesameoneasJohn.　　  A.deliberately   B.intensively　　  C.decisively     D.objectively　　[答案]A.deliberately.　　[注释]deliberately(=onpurpose,intentionally)故意地；存心地。　　124.Theyalwayskeptongood_____withtheirnext-doorneighborsforthechildren'ssake.　　A.friendship B.relations C.intentions D.terms　　[答案]D.terms.　　[注释]keep(be)ongoodtermswith与......和睦相处。　　125.Doyouthinkawifeshould_____herhabitsandtastestothoseofherhusband?　　  A.comply   B.confirm   C.consent   D.conform　　[答案]D.conform.23/23\n　　[注释]conformvi遵守，符号：Allthestudentsmustconformtotherules.(全体学生必须遵守规章。)conformsth.tosth.else(vt)使符合：Heconformedtheplanstothenewspecifications.(他使这些集合符合新规范。)     complywith遵守；confirm使坚定，确认，证实；consent(to)同意，赞同。　　126.Hewasafraidthatthebranchmightbendoverandbreak,andhewouldbesent_____totheground.　　A.crashing  B.throwing   C.rushing   D.dropping　　[答案]A.crashing.　　[注释]crash(totheground)猛跌（到地上）。Crashn.　　常指飞机等的“失事”，如：Hewaskilledinanaircraftcrash.(他在飞机失事中丧生。)本句中用falling不妥，fall指“落下，掉下”，本身并不强调落下的速度，而crash使“猛跌”，故本题用crashing最佳。　　127.Highinterestrates_____peoplefromborrowingmoney.　　A.discourage  B.decrease  C.disturb  D.disgust　　[答案]A.discourage　　[注释]discouragesb.fromdoing23/23\nsth.使认为某事不值得做：Thtwetweatherdiscouragedpeoplefromgoingtothesportsmeeting.(下雨天使人觉得不值得去看运动会。)　　128.Despitetheirgoodservice,mostinnsarelesscostlythanhotelsof_____standards.　　A.equivalent   B.uniform   C.alike   D.likely　　[答案]A.equivalent.　　[注释]equivalent相等的，相当的：Heexchangedhispoundsfortheequivalentamountofdollars.uniform相同的,一样的。Likelyadj.很可能的，有希望的。Alike(表语形容词)相同的，相象的。　　129.Thetwothingsarethesameinoutwardformbutdifferent_____.　　A.inadditionB.inbrief C.incommon D.inessence　　[答案]D.inessence.　　[注释]inessence本质上；inaddition此外；inbrief简短地，简言之；incommon共同。　　130._____itisagoodthingIdidnotgetthepostIhadappliedfor,thoughImustadmitthatIwasdisappointedatthetime.23/23\n　　A.Bytheway B.Inaway C.Intheway D.Innoway　　[答案]B.Inaway.　　[注释]inaway(-tosomeextent)在某种程度上；innoway决不；bytheway顺便提一下；intheway碍事。此题不能选bytheway，因为bytheway做插入语其后应加逗号。　　本题译文：我没有得到我申请得工作在某种程度上说是件好事，尽管我承认当时我很失望。　　131._____invitingguestsandnottreatingthemproperly!　　  A.Strangely      B.Fantastically　　  C.Surprisingly   D.Fancy　　[答案]D.Fancy.　　[注释]fancydoing没想到.......竟然：1)Fancyyourhim!(没想到你竟然认识他！)2)Fancyspendingthedayinhere!(没想到竟在这里过了一天！)　　本题译文：没想到邀请了客人竟没有好好招待！　　132.WithsufficientscientificinformationamannedtriptoMarsshouldbe_____.　　A.obtainableB.potentialC.considerableD.feasible23/23\n　　[答案]D.feasible.　　[注释]feasible(=thatcanbedone)可行的，可做到的：1)Yourplansoundsquitefeasible.(你的计划听起来很可行。)2)It'snotfeasibletomakethetripinoneday.(一天内要进行这次旅行是做不到的。)obtainable可得到的；considerable相当的，可观的；potential潜在的，可能的。　　133.Thegeneration_____makesitdifficultforparentstounderstandtheirchildren'sopinions.　　  A.division   B.gap   C.separation   D.interval　　[答案]B.gap.　　[注释]generationgap代沟。　　division分，划分；separation分开；interval间隔，间隙；（幕间或工间）休息。atintervals不时，时时　　134.Iftheboyhad_____thedogaloneitwouldn'thavebittenhim.　　  A.set   B.left   C.had   D.put　　[答案]B.left.　　[注释]leavesb./sth.alone不惹，不管，不碰：Leavethebox23/23\nalone.(别碰那个盒子。)　　135.TheyweresofarawaythatIcouldn't_____theirfacesclearly.　　A.seethrough B.makeup C.seeoff D.makeout　　[答案]D.makeout.　　[注释]makeout(=identifyandseewitheffortordifficulty)辨认出。seethrough参阅Ⅲ，151,注释:此处seethrough还可表示“看穿......(=understandtherealmeaningoforreasonfor;realizethefalsenessof)”：1)Theteachersawthroughtheboy'sstoryofhavingtohelpathome.(=Theteacherknewhisstorywasnottrue;itwasjustanexcuse.)2)Hecan'tfoolher.Sheseeshimthrougheverytime.　　seeoff送行；makeup构成，组成，拼凑；弥补，赔偿；化装，编造：1)编造：Johnmadeupthejokeaboutthetalkingdog.2)弥补：Bobmustmakeuptheworkhemissed.3)凑足：Weneedonemoretomakeupthedozen.4)化装：Theactorsweremakingupwhenwearrived.5)构成：Nineplayersmakeupateam.　　136.AchievingahighdegreeofproficiencyinEnglishasaforeignlanguageisnotamysterious_____ withoutscientificbasis.　　A.process   B.practice   C.procedure   D.program　　[答案]A.process.23/23\n　　[注释]process(=connectedseriesofactions,orseriesofoperations)过程：Bywhatprocessisclothmadeformwool?(经过什么过程羊毛织成呢料？)practice(=thedoingofsomethingof,performanceorrepeatedexercise,etc.)实习，练习；开业:Sheisdoingherpracticeatthepiano.(她在练习弹钢琴。)procedure(=theregularorderofdoingthings)程序：theusualprocedureatameeting(开会的通常程序)。Program(=planofwhatistobedoneorlistofitemsorevents)课程，计划，大纲：Whatistheprogramfortomorrow?(明天上什么课?)　　137.Imustgonow._____,ifyouwantthatbookI'llbringitnexttime.　　  A.Incidentally   B.Accidentally　　  C.Occasionally   D.Subsequently　　[答案]A.Incidentally.　　[注释]incidentally(=bytheway)附带地，顺便：Fredsaid,incidentally,thathehadnodinner.(顺便提一下，福来德那时说，他还没吃晚饭。)accidentally(=bychance)偶然地：Imetwithanoldfriendofmineaccidentallylastweek.(上星期我偶然碰到一位老朋友。)occasionally(=fromtimetotime,notregularly)不时地，偶尔：Wegetvisitorshereoccasionally.(我们偶尔在此接游客。)subsequently(=afterwards,later)Atfirstwethoughtwewouldgo;butsubsequentlywelearnedwewereneededat23/23\nhome.(起初,我们想离开；但随后我们得知家里需要我们。)　　138.Acompletelynewsituationislikelyto_____whentheschoolleavingageisraisedto16.　　  A.arouse   B.rise   C.arise   D.abide　　[答案]C.arise.　　[注释]arise(=comeintobeing,appear,happen)产生，发生：Difficultieswillariseaswedothework.(我们做这项工作时将会发生困难。)arouse唤起，激起，唤醒；rise上升;abide(by)遵守。　　本题译文：当中学毕业年龄上升到16岁时，很可能产生完全新的情况。　　139.TheillnessfromwhichMaryissufferinghasnowbeen_____ashepatitis(肝炎).　　A.diagnosedB.determined C.deducedD.discovered　　[答案]A.diagnosed.　　[注释]diagnose...as把......诊断为......。　　本题译文：玛丽的病现已诊断为肝炎。　　140.Thesecontinual_____intemperaturemakeitimpossibletodecidewhattowear.23/23\n　　A.alterations B.vibrationsC.waves  D.fluctuations　　[答案]D.fluctuations. 　　[注释]fluctuations波动；waves波浪；alterations(部分)改变，变更；vibrations(物理学上)振动。　　141.Allforeignvisitorsarerequestedto_____withtheregulationsinthisarea.　　  A.agree   B.comply   C.consent   D.conform　　[答案]B.comply.　　[注释]complywith(=actinaccordancewithademand,order,rule,etc.)遵守：Peoplewhorefusetocomplywiththelawwillbepunished.(拒绝遵守法律者将受到惩罚。)conform(to)使一致，符合；conformtorules符合规则；conformtothecustomsofsociety(遵从社会习俗)；consentto同意，赞同；consenttoaplan(赞同计划)。　　142.ThomasEdisonconsideredgeniustobe_____onepercentinspirationandninety-ninepercentperspiration.　　  A.composedof    B.constitutedin　　  C.consistedof   D.comprisedin23/23\n　　[答案]A.composedof.　　[注释]becomposedof由......组成。Consistof由......组成，是不及物动词，不能用被动语态，故不合题意。　　143.AlthoughLucywasslimming,shefoundcreamcakesquite_____.　　  A.irregular    B.inevitable 　　C.incredible   D.irresistible　　[答案]D.irresistible　　[注释]irresistible不可抵抗的，诱人的，1)Ihadairresistibledesiretorunaway,2)Ican'trefusethisoffer;itisirresistible.　　Irregular不规律的,不合规则的：1)thetrainsfromhereareirregular.(这里发的火车是不规律的。)2)Theseproceduresarehighlyirregular.(这些程序是非常不合规矩的。)　　incredible不可避免的，不可信的：1)Oldsuperstitionsareincredibletoeducatedpeople.（旧的迷信对受过教育的人来说是不可信的。）2)Hisstoryofrescuingsixdrowningmenisincredible.(他说他救了6个溺水者，这是难以置信的。)　　inevitable不可避免的：1)Trafficdelaysareinevitableataholidayweekend.（假日周末交通耽搁是难免的。）2)Painis23/23\nInevitablewhenonebreaksabone.（骨折是疼痛是难避免的。）　　本题译文：虽然露西正在减轻体重，但她觉得奶油蛋糕是诱人的。　　144.Inorderto_____therisingproductioncosts,thesubscriptionrateshavebeenincreased.　　A.adduptoB.lookupto C.cutshortD.keepupwith　　[答案]D.keepupwith.　　[注释]keepupwith跟上。参阅。88注释。Addupto参阅.2注释；cutshort详见.38;lookupto(=admire,respect)赞美，尊敬：Welookuptotheoldworkersasourteacher.（我们把这位老工人尊为我们的老师。）本题中rates意为“价格，费用”。　　本题译文：为了跟上生产成本的上升，预定费已提高。　　145.Youressayisquitegood:just_____it_____withafewillustrationsandquotations.　　  A.put..up    B.touch..up　　  C.cut..out   D.write..off　　[答案]B.touchup.23/23\n　　[注释]touchup(=improveorperfectbysmalladditionalstrokesoralterations)润色，修饰：1)Thelastpartofthearticleneedstobetouchedup.(这篇文章的最后一部分需要润色。)2)Hetouchedupthepicturebystrengtheningandshadows.(他把画修饰了一下，使光明部分和阴暗部分的对比度更鲜明。)　　putup留宿；cutout删掉；writeoff报销，勾消。　　本题译文：你的文章很好；只要用些例证和引语修饰一下。　　146.Ihopemyteacherwilltakemyrecentillnessinto_____whenjudgingmyexamination.　　A.regard B.account C.thought  D.observation　　[答案]B.account.　　[注释]takesth.intoaccount(=consider)考虑到：Wemusttakelocalconditionsintoaccoutn.　　147.Therearethreebasicwaysof_____languagetowriting,andallknowngraphicsystemsuseoneoracombinationofthese.　　A.committing B.attaching C.comparing D.relating　　[答案]A.committing.　　[注释]commit...to托付，交付：1)Hewascommittedtothe23/23\ncareofhisaunt.(他被托付给他的姨妈照管。)2)Ihavealreadycommittedtherulestomemory.(我早已记住这些规则了。)commitsth.towriting(把......写下来)。　　148.Rosesarequite_____flowersinEnglishgardens.　　  A.ordinary   B.common   C.usual   D.general　　[答案]B.common.　　[注释]common(=usualandordinary;happeningoffoundoftenandinmanyplaces)普通的；常见的；常常发生的；到处可见的：acommonexperience(普通的经历)；acommontree(常见的树木)。ThisbirdiscommonthroughoutEurope.(这种鸟在欧洲很常见。)Theycantreatmostofthecommondiseases.(他们能治疗大多数常见病。)usual(=done,found,usedorexistingmostofthetime)经常的，通常的，惯例的，习以为常的；强调时间习惯方面，例如：Thisistheusualstateofthehouse.(这房子里平常就是这种样子。)ordinary正常的，普通的，正常的；anordinaryday(平凡的一天)，ordinarypeople(普通人),apieceofordinarydancemusic(一首普通的舞曲)。General普通的。它与common比较，语气稍强，含有很少例外的意外。可见本题中用common是最佳的选择。　　149.Americanwomenwere_____therighttovoteuntil1920aftermanyyearsofhardstruggle.23/23\n　　A.ignored   B.refused   C.neglected   D.denied　　[答案]D.denied.　　[注释]deny1)否认：A.Hedidn'tdenythefacts.B.Theycouldn'tdenythatitwasaseriousblowtothem.C.Hedeniedhavingeverthere.(他否认曾到过那里。)2)(=say'no'toarequest;refusetogivesth.askedfororneeded)不给予；Lotsofpeopleweredeniedtherighttovote.(许多人被剥夺了选举权。)Hedenieshiswifenothing.(他对他的妻子有求必应。)　　150.Onturningthecorner,wesawtheroad_____steeply.　　A.departingB.decreasing C.descendingD.depressing　　[答案]C.descending.　　[注释]descend(=comeorgodown)走下来；传下来：1)Hedescendedfromthetopofthemountain.2)Aremendescendedfromapes?(人是不是猿的后代？)depress压抑，使沮丧。Depart出发，起程。23/23