江苏省徐州市2022高考英语一轮 完形填空和阅读理解基本训练（19）

徐州市2022高考英语一轮完形填空和阅读理解基本训练（19）附答案阅读理解阅读下列短文，选出最佳选项。ATherearefiftystatesintheUnitedStates.ThelargestinpopulationisCalifornia.ThelargestinareaisAlaska.AlaskaisthesmallestinpopulationandRhodeIslandisthesmallestinsize.TheoldeststatesaretheonesalongtheAtlanticcoast.TheneweststatesareAlaskaandHawaii.Alaskaisalsothecoldeststate.CaliforniaandFloridaarethewarmer.HenryandhisfamilyliveinSeattle,abigcity,onthePacificcoast.ButLosAngelesandSanFrancisco,alsoonthePacificcoast,arelargerthanSeattle.Henry'scousin,Susan,livesinNewYork.ItisthelargestcityintheUnitedStates.ThousandsofpeoplevisitNewYorkeachyear.ThemostimportantcityintheUnitedStatesisWashington,D.C.Itisthecapital,butitismuchsmallerthanNewYork.46.HowmanystatesarethereintheU.S.A.?A.FiveB.Forty-Five.C.FiftyD.Fifteen.47.Whichstateisthelargestinpopulation?A.CaliforniaB.Rhode-Island.C.AlaskaD.LosAngeles.48.Whichstateisthecoldest,thenewest,andthesmallestinpopulation?A.RhodeIsland.B.Seattle.C.SanFrancisco.D.Alaska.49.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.TheoldeststatesaretheonesalongthePacificcoast.B.Washingtonisthemostimportantandthelargestcity.C.NewYorkisthelargestcityintheUnitedStates.D.Henry'scousinlivesintheSeattle.*********************************************************结束阅读理解、专题训练(**)、时文阅读-7-\n◆技巧点拨时文阅读是高考阅读理解的考查重点。它所报道的都是国内外最新的事物或趋势，内容新颖，语言地道。阅读时文可拓宽考生视野，使考生了解国内外大事及最新动态，激发考生的阅读兴趣，增加考生的语言积累，进而提高考生的语言运用能力，从而做到从容应考。时文多为记叙文或说明文，或记叙某人某物，或介绍某新生事物、科研进展、生活时尚等。此外，广告也可归为时文范畴。因此，要正确理解阅读材料，考生需灵活运用阅读技巧，从而准确把握文章脉络，抓住文章主旨。◆活学活用阅读下列短文，按要求完成读写任务MoveEarth—it'snosciencefictionLONDON—Scientistshavefoundanunusualwaytopreventourplanetfromoverheating：moveittoacoolerspot.Allyouhavetodoissendafewcomets(彗星)inthedirectionofEarth，anditsorbit(轨道)willbechanged.Ourworldwillthenbesentspinningintoasafer，colderpartofthesolarsystem.ThisideaforimprovingourclimatecomesfromagroupofUSNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA)engineersandAmericanastronomers.Theysaytheirplancouldaddanothersixbillionyearstotheusefullifetimeofourplanet—effectivelydoublingitsworkinglife.TheplanputforwardbyDrLaughlin，andhiscolleaguesDonKorycanskyandFredAdams，needscarefullydirectingacometorasteroidsothatitpassesclosebyourplanetandsendssomeofitsgravitationalenergytoEarth.“Earth'sorbitalspeedwouldincreaseasaresultandwewouldmovetoahigherorbitawayfromtheSun，”Laughlinsaid.EngineerswouldthendirecttheircometsothatitpassedclosetoJupiterorSaturn.Thecometwouldpickupenergyfromoneofthesegiantplanets.LateritsorbitwouldbringitbacktoEarth，andtheprocesswouldberepeated.Intheshortterm，theplanprovidesanidealwaytoglobalwarming，althoughtheteamwasactuallyconcernedwithamuchgreaterdanger.Thesuniscertaintoheatupinaboutabillionyearsandso“seriouslycompromise”ourbiosphere(生物圈)—bycookingus.That'swhythegroupdecidedtotrytosaveEarth.Theplanhasoneortwoworryingaspects，however.Forastart，spaceengineerswouldhavetobeverycarefulabouthowtheydirectedtheirasteroidorcomettowardsEarth.Thesmallestmiscalculation(误算)inorbitcouldfireitstraightat-7-\nEarth—withdeadlyconsequences.ThereisalsothequestionoftheMoon.AsthecurrentissueofScientificAmerican以约30词概括文章大意_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ⅱ.根据短文内容选择最佳答案1．WhatmakesthescientistsplantomoveEarth?A．AfewcometsaremovingtothedirectionofEarth.B．Earth'sworkinglifeiscomingtoanendsoon.C．Earthwillbecometoohotformankindtokeepalive.D．ThemoonismovingfartherandfartherawayfromEarth.2．Iftheplanissuccessful，Earthwillhaveaworkinglifeof________years.A．12billion　　　　　　B．6billionC．18billionD．24billion3．Whatseriousproblemsmighttheplancauseaccordingtothepassage?A．ThecometmighthitEarthandmanmightlosethemoon.B．Earthmightbemovedtoofarawayandmanmightbefrozentodeath.C．ThecometmighthitJupiterorSaturnandneverreturntoEarth.D．Earth'sworkinglifemightbegreatlyshortened.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“compromise”mean?A．provideB．benefitC．shareD．endanger5．Whichofthefollowingbestshowshowtheplanwouldwork?-7-\n参考答案ⅠThetextisaboutawaytosavetheearthfromoverheating：tosendafewcometsinthedirectionofEarth，makingtheearthspinintoasafer，colderpartofthesolarsystem.(35words)Ⅱ1．解析：从Thesuniscertaintoheatupinaboutabillionyearsandso“seriouslycompromise”ourbiosphere(生物圈)—bycookingus.得知答案。答案：C2.解析：从theirplancouldaddanothersixbillionyearstotheusefullifetimeofourplanet—effectivelydoublingitsworkinglife.得知答案。答案：A3．解析：从倒数第二段的inorbitcouldfireitstraightatEarth和最后一段的theMoonwouldbestrippedawayfromEarth得知答案。答案：A4.解析：从bycookingus(把我们烤熟)推知“compromise”应为“危害”之意。答案：D5.解析：首先地球必须远离太阳，后面的LateritsorbitwouldbringitbacktoEarth都说明A最好阐述了这种位置。答案：A*************************************************结束(2022·沈阳二模)IFandWHENoftenhadlunchtogether.Theirconversationalways__1__onthethingstheyhopedtoachieveandtheylovedtotalkaboutthem.ThisparticularSaturdaywhentheymetforlunch，WHEN__2__IFwasn'tinagreatmood(心情).Aftertheysatattheusualtable__3__forthem,WHENaskedIF，“Youdon'tseemyourusual__4__self？”IFreplied,“YesterdayIsawacourseIwantedtotake.IfonlyI__5__thetime.”WHENknewexactlyhowIFfeltandsaid，“Itoosawa__6__andI'mgoingtoregisterwhenIget__7__money.”WHENthenquestionedIF，“Whataboutthenewjobyouweregoingtoapplyfor？”IFanswered,“Iwouldhaveapplied,butmy__8__brokedown.Icouldn'ttypemyresume(简历)．”-7-\n“Don'tworry.I'vebeenthinkingaboutlookingforanotherjobalso,__9__I'llwaitandwhentheweathergets__10__Iwilllookthen.Ihatethisawfulweather.”Themansittingnearbyheardthemtalkingaboutwhenthisandifthat.Whenhecouldn't__11__itanymore,hewenttothemandsaid，“IthinkIknow__12__youcouldsolveyourproblems.”IFsmiledandthoughtthatevenifheknewthe__13__theyfaced,therewasnowayhecouldhelp!__14__,IFaskedthemanforadvice.Themansaid，“Yourconversationremindsmeofanold__15__：IFandWHENwereplanted,andnothing__16__.”IFandWHENbothlookedsurprisedandbegantofeel__17__oflivingtheirlifeforthe“ifs”and“whens”.Finallytheycametoa(n)__18__：nexttimetheymet，therewouldbeno“ifs”or“whens”；theywould__19__talkaboutwhattheyhad__20__！空谈会一事无成，要想有所作为，必须立足现实，脚踏实地。1．A.agreedB.centeredC.reliedD.took答案：B。IF和WHEN经常在一起吃午饭，他们的谈话总是以他们原本希望实现或完成的事情为中心，并且他们乐此不疲。centeron“集中在，以……为中心”为固定搭配。2．A.sensedB.insistedC.declaredD.guessed答案：A。这个特别的星期六，当他们聚在一起吃午饭时，WHEN意识到IF心情不好。sense意识到，感觉。3．A.cleanedB.madeC.orderedD.reserved答案：D。当他们坐在平常为他们留着的桌子旁时。reserve保留，预订，保存。4．A.sensitiveB.honestC.cheerfulD.clumsy答案：C。WHEN问IF“你看上去不像平时那样高兴？”cheerful快活的，兴高采烈的，高兴的。5．A.hadB.spentC.seizedD.valued答案：A。IF回答道：“昨天我看到一门我想学的课程，要是我有时间去学就好了。”ifonly引导虚拟条件句，句中用动词的过去式表示对现在的虚拟。6．A.noticeB.job-7-\nC.courseD.chance答案：C。WHEN很能理解IF的感受，说到：“我也看到一门课程，当我有足够多的钱的时候，我也想注册学习。”由句中的too可知答案。7．A.luckyB.pocketC.enoughD.paper答案：C。由行文逻辑可知，WHEN会习惯性地说：当我有足够多的钱的时候。8．A.computerB.fridgeC.cameraD.recorder答案：A。当WHEN问起IF原来打算申请的工作怎么样了的时候，IF回答说：“我当时本来会申请的，但是我的电脑坏了，我没法打简历。”breakdown崩溃，停止运转，出故障。9．A.orB.butC.forD.so答案：B。别着急，我也一直在考虑找另外一份工作，但是我要等待……10．A.drierB.colderC.wilderD.nicer答案：D。等到天气转好时，我再去找，我讨厌这样糟糕的天气。11．A.takeB.declineC.supportD.watch答案：A。旁边坐着的一个人听到他们说如果这样假如那样之类的话，再也无法忍受，就走到他们跟前说……。takeit“忍耐……”为固定搭配。12．A.whenB.whereC.whyD.how答案：D。我想我知道怎样解决你们的问题。13．A.changesB.expensesC.challengesD.possibilities答案：C。IF微笑着想即使他知道他们面临的挑战，他也根本没有办法帮助他们。四个选项中只有challenge可以和face构成搭配。facechallenges面临种种挑战。14．A.AnxiouslyB.CuriouslyC.SurprisinglyD.Stubbornly答案：B。由行文逻辑和常识可知，听到这番话，IF肯定很好奇，于是就征求这位男子的建议。15．A.sayingB.storyC.habitD.fiction答案：A。那个人说：“你们的话使我想起了一句古老的格言。”-7-\n16．A.roseB.grewC.removedD.remained答案：B。那就是：如果种植虚无(IF和WHEN)的话，就会一无所获。17．A.tiredB.proudC.ashamedD.aware答案：C。听了这番话，两个人彼此惊讶地相互注视着并开始为他们碌碌无为的生活觉得羞愧。18．A.ambitionB.conclusionC.descriptionD.agreement答案：D。最后他们达成协议。cometoanagreement达成协议。尽管cometoaconclusion“得出结论，作出推论”也可构成固定搭配，具有一定干扰性，但不符合语境。19．A.evenB.onlyC.stillD.thus答案：B。下次他们再见面的时候，就没有假如或如果了，他们会只谈他们已经实现的事情。20．A.discussedB.promisedC.arrangedD.accomplished答案：D。accomplish“实现，达到，完成”符合逻辑。-7-