2023高考英语二轮复习高频阅读词组+练习三十九含解析20230232297

2021届高考英语高频阅读词组+练习（三十九）一：词组梳理1．完成做某事finishdoingsth2．.thefirsttocome,thefirsttodo/that…thelasttoleavethenexttodo3．thefirsttime=theminute=themoment=when4．fit:尺寸大小合适suit颜色，式样，款式合适match=gowith相配5．fixone’seyesonsth注视6．flight航班float漂浮fly飞flow流动7．focusattention/mindon集中注意力8．爱好，喜欢befondof=bekeenon9．释放某人setsbfree10．infrontof在…前面inthefrontof在…前部11．Whatfunwhatbadnews/weather12．得到更多信息getfurtherinformation13．gnerallyspeaking一般说来14．上（下）公共汽车geton,getoff上（下）小汽车getinto,getoutof15．在某方面有天赋haveagiftfor…16．giveaway赠送,泄漏givein屈服giveup放弃17．giveout发出（热，气味）筋疲力尽，分发giveoff发出（热，气味）18．stepup增加,加速在…方面不同19．stickto坚持,坚持干,遵循20．stimulatedby受┄的刺激(或激励)21．stirup激起,引起,挑起22．suchas比方说,例如23．supportfor对…的支持24．sureenough果然,果然不出所料25．takeaway拿走,夺走26．takeastep采取措施27．takeadvantageof利用28．takeaway消耗,清除\n1．takecareof照管2．takefor把┄看作,把┄误以为3．takein接受,吸收,欺骗4．takeon呈现,从事5．takeover接管6．taketo开始喜欢,开始从事,开始沉湎于7．takeupwith开始于，来往8．takeup专用9．thanksto由于,幸亏10．thebulkof…的主要部分,大多数11．theformer…thelatter…(前者…,后者)12．to…extent在…范围,到…程度13．tocautionagainst对…予以警告14．tocenteraround以……为中心15．tosomeextent某种程度上,有一点16．tosuchanextentthat到了程度,以至17．totheextent到……的程度18．totheextent到……的程度19．totheextent到……的程度二：习题训练（A）Asspringarrives,farmersaroundtheworldaremakingdecisionsaboutwhatcropstoplantandhowtomanagethem.IntheU.S.,farmerstypicallyhavebigdatatohelpmakethesedecisions.Thesedatahaveaclearupside.Theymakefarmsmoreproductive.IntheU.S.,thepastfiveyearshaveseenaseriesofgoodharvestsforbothcomandsoybean.Abigpartisgeneratedbyeffectivelyusingdatatoproducemorefoodfromthesameamountofland,seedandfertilizer.Inthepoorerpartsoftheworld,however,thepictureismuchdifferent.Manyfarmersareguidedonlybytheirhistorywiththelandandtheircommunity'straditions.Theirskillsandknowledgeareimpressive,buttheysufferfromapoverty\nofdata.Theyrelyontechnicaladvisorsforadvicefromgovernmentsandacademiccenterswhooftenhaveverylittleknowledgeofthelocalarea.Forseedsandfertilizersandothermaterialsusedinthefield,theyrelyoncompaniesthatlackdataonhowtheirproductswillperforminthelocalconditions.About10yearsago,EastAfricanofficialsandtheirdevelopmentpartnersstartedtoexplorewhysofewsmallholderdairyfarmersmadeprofitsfromgrowingdemandfromurbanconsumers.Surveysoffarmersintheregionsuggestedpooraccesstoveterinary(禽畜的)careandbreedingassistance.Anefforttoprovidetheseserviceshashelpedfarmersgetmoremilk.Datawouldmatterlittleiffarmingwaseasyandthepathstoproductivitywereobvious.Butinreality,agricultureisacomplexmixofmanyfactors,includingclimate,biology,chemistry,physics,economicsandculture—allofwhichvaryfromregiontoregion.Inthissituation,gooddataisnecessary.1．HowhasbigdatabenefitedAmerican'sfarmers?A．Byinformingthefarmerstoplantcropsearlier.B．Byhelpingmakefarmsmoreproductive.C．Byincreasingtheamountoflandforfarming.D．Byproducingmoreseedsandfertilizer.2．Whatdofarmersinpoorcountriesneedtoimprovetheirfarming?A．Farmingskills.B．Technicalguidance.C．Bigdata.D．Farmingmaterials3．WhydoesthewritermentionthecaseofEastAfrica?A．ToshowthatEastAfricareliesheavilyondiaryfarming.B．Toillustratecooperationbetweencountrieswasagreatsuccess.C．Toserveasanexampleofhowdatahelpsfarmersinpoorareas.D．ToprovethatcitypeopleinEastAfricadidn'tlikedrinkingmilk.4．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Manychangeablefactorshaveinfluenceonfarming.B．EastAfricandairyfarmerswereexperiencedinraisingcows.\nC．TheAmericanfarmerscan'tdecidewhattheywillplant.D．Thetechnicaladvisorsinpoorareasknowthelocalareaswell.（B）LastOctober,whiletendinghergardeninMora,Sweden,LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmall1(carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.Butsomethingmadeherlookcloser,andshenoticeda2(shine)object.Yes,therebeneaththeleafytopofonetinycarrotwasherlong-lostweddingring.Pahlssonscreamed3loudlythatherdaughtercamerunningfromthehouse.＂ShethoughtIhadhurt4(I),＂saysPahlsson.Sixteenyears5(early),Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondring6(cook)ameal.Whenshewantedtoputtheringbackonlater,itwasgone.Shesuspectedthatoneofherthreedaughters—thenten,eight,andsix—hadpickeditup,butthegirlssaidtheyhadn’t.Pahlssonandherhusband7(search)thekitchen,checkingeverycorner,butturnedupnothing.＂Igaveuphopeoffindingmyringagain,＂shesays.Sheneverreplacedit.Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygot8(sweep)intoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden,9itremaineduntilthecarrot’sleafytopaccidentallysprouted(生长)throughit.ForPahlsson,itsreturnwas10wonder.答案及解析A【答案】BCCA【解析】这是一篇说明文。在美国，农民通常有大数据帮助他们做出这些决定。这些数据有明显的优势。它们提高了美国农业的生产力。但是在世界上较贫穷的地区，农民却缺乏大数据的支持来改善他们的农业。文章以东非为例，说明了数据可以有效帮助贫困地区的农民。1．细节理解题。根据第一段中IntheU.S.,farmerstypicallyhavebigdatatohelpmakethesedecisions.Thesedatahaveaclearupside.Theymakefarmsmoreproductive.可知在美国，农民通常有大数据帮助他们做出这些决定。这些数据有明显的优势。它们提高了农业的生产力。由此可知，大数据是通过帮助提高农业生产力来使美国农民受益的。故选B。\n2．细节理解题。根据第二段Inthepoorerpartsoftheworld,however,thepictureismuchdifferent.Manyfarmersareguidedonlybytheirhistorywiththelandandtheircommunity'straditions.Theirskillsandknowledgeareimpressive,buttheysufferfromapovertyofdata.Theyrelyontechnicaladvisorsforadvicefromgovernmentsandacademiccenterswhooftenhaveverylittleknowledgeofthelocalarea.Forseedsandfertilizersandothermaterialsusedinthefield,theyrelyoncompaniesthatlackdataonhowtheirproductswillperforminthelocalconditions.可知然而，在世界上较贫穷的地区，情况却大不相同。许多农民仅以他们与土地的历史和社区的传统为指导。他们的技能和知识给人留下深刻印象，但他们却苦于缺乏数据。他们依靠政府和学术中心的技术顾问提供建议，而这些顾问往往对当地情况了解甚少。对于种子、化肥和其他在田间使用的材料，他们依赖的是缺乏数据的公司，这些公司不知道他们的产品在当地条件下的表现如何。由此可知，贫穷国家的农民需要大数据来改善他们的农业。故选C。3．推理判断题。根据第三段中About10yearsago,EastAfricanofficialsandtheirdevelopmentpartnersstartedtoexplorewhysofewsmallholderdairyfarmersmadeprofitsfromgrowingdemandfromurbanconsumers.Surveysoffarmersintheregionsuggestedpooraccesstoveterinary(禽畜的)careandbreedingassistance.Anefforttoprovidetheseserviceshashelpedfarmersgetmoremilk.可知大约10年前，东非官员及其发展伙伴开始探讨为什么很少有小农户从城市消费者日益增长的需求中获利。对该地区农民的调查表明，他们很难获得兽医护理和繁殖援助。提供这些服务的努力帮助农民获得了更多的牛奶。由此可推知，作者提到东非的情况，是为了举例说明数据是如何帮助贫困地区农民的。故选C。4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中Butinreality,agricultureisacomplexmixofmanyfactors,includingclimate,biology,chemistry,physics,economicsandculture—allofwhichvaryfromregiontoregion.可知但实际上，农业是许多因素的复杂组合，包括气候、生物、化学、物理、经济和文化——所有这些因素都因地区而异。由此可知，许多可变因素对农业有影响。故选A。B【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了16年前的戒指失而复得的故事。1.carrots\n【解析】考查名词单复数。根据上文的"ahandfulof"可知，此处表示一把小胡萝卜，所以应用carrot的复数形式。2.shiny/shining【解析】考查形容词。根据上文的"a"及下文的名词"object"可知，此处需要用形容词作定语修饰名词，故填shiny或shining。3.so【解析】考查固定结构。Pahlsson的尖叫声是如此响亮以至于她的女儿从房子中跑了出来。此处是so...that...结构，表示"如此……以至于……"。本题容易误填such，但要注意such后面接名词，而so后面则接形容词或副词。4.myself【解析】考查代词。根据语境可知，hurt这一动作的发出者和承受者为同一人，故应用I的反身代词形式，意为"她认为我伤了我自己"，故填myself。5.earlier【解析】考查副词的比较级。此处表示"16年前"，故填earlier"……之前，先前"。6.tocook【解析】考查不定式。此处不定式表示"目的"，意为"去掉戒指以做饭"，故填tocook。7.searched【解析】考查动词的时态。根据本段的基本时态为一般过去时及语境可知，此处应用一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作，故填searched。8.swept【解析】考查过去分词。根据上文的"got"及语境可知，此处应填sweep的过去分词形式swept，意为"被扫进"。9.where【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词thegarden，在从句中充当地点状语，故填where。10.a【解析】考查冠词。此处表示"一个奇迹"，所以需要用不定冠词a表泛指。