2023高考英语二轮复习高频阅读词组+练习三十含解析20230232294

2021届高考英语高频阅读词组+练习（三十）一：词组梳理1．lookaround环顾,showsbaround带领某人参观2．安排某人做某事情arrangeforsbtodosth3．arriveat+小地点(airport),arrivein+大地点(Shanghai),arrivehome,arrivelate4．一件工艺品aworkofart5．假花artificialflower,假牙falseteeth6．asheisateacher=teacherasheis,asheisyoung=youngasheis(as解释为虽然=though)7．ashegrowsup随着年龄的长大,asweallknow众所周知8．as+形容词+as和…一样,notso+形容词+as和…不一样9．asfarasIknow就我所知,aslongas只要10．aswellas也11．askaftersb问候某人,askforsb请求某人,askforhelp请求帮忙12．fallasleep入睡,gotobed上床睡觉,gotosleep入眠,feelsleepy感觉瞌睡的13．把…和…联想在一起beassociatedwithsth14．我向你保证…Iassureyouthat…,assuresbofsth向某人保证…15．心脏病heartattack16．企图做某事情makeanattempttodosth17．出席典礼attendtheceremony,上学attendschool18．注意…payattentiontosth/doingsth19．alarge/smallaudience一大/小批听/观众,个观众anaudienceoffivehundred20．betiedto束缚于,捆绑于21．betiredof厌倦┄,厌烦┄22．behindtime晚点23．beliefin对…的真实性或正确性具有的信心24．believe(…tobe)相信……是25．betterthan好于…26．beyondquestion毋庸置疑27．breakaway脱离,逃跑\n1．breakdown损坏,分解,瓦解2．breakinto闯入3．breakin强行进行,打断4．breakoff断绝,结束5．breakout突发,爆发6．breakthrough突破7．breakup终止,结束,打碎8．bringabout产生9．bringforward提出10．bringout使出现;公布;出版11．bringup培养,养大12．byaccident偶然,含有不幸的因素13．byallmeans无论如何,必定14．bychance偶然,意外地15．bychoice处于选择16．bycontrast对比之下17．bymeansof用,依靠;借助于18．bymeansof借助于19．bymistake错误地20．bytheway顺便提一下21．byvirtueof凭借,借助;因为22．bywayof经由,通过…方式23．callforth唤起,引起24．callfor邀请,要求,需要25．calloff放弃,取消26．callon/upon访问,拜访27．carefor照顾,关心28．carryout贯彻,执行,实现29．castlighton阐明某事\n1．catchupwith赶上2．catchsightof看见3．centeron把┄集中在,以┄为中心二：习题训练（A）Doyouhaveayoungerbrother?Doeshealwaysgetintrouble?Well,theremightbesomesciencebehindthat.AccordingtoareportfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,second-bornsaremorelikelythanfirst-bornstobehavebadly,whichcouldbewhyyoufromtimetotimeconsideryouryoungerbrotherorsistersprites.Researchers,whoexploreddatafromtensofthousandsofsibling(兄弟姐妹)pairsfromDenmarkandFlorida,foundsecond-bornsare20%to40%morelikelytohavebehavioralproblems.Ifyou’rethesecond-bornchildyoumaywanttohavealittlechatwithyourparents.Thereasonwhysecond-bornsiblingsmaybeworsebehavedthanfirst-bornisthatparentstendtopaylessattentiontothem.“Second-bornchildrentendtohavelessattentionfromthemotherthantheiroldersiblingsbecausefirst-bornchildrenexperiencetheirmother’smaternityleave(产假).First-bornsenjoytherewardsofnotonlytheirowntimewithMumfollowingtheirbirth,butthetimeMumtakesoffwithyoungersiblings,too.”theauthorsexplain.It’snotjustabouttheparents,however.SpeakingtoNRP,co-authorJosephDoylesaid,“Thefirst-bornhasrolemodels,whoareadults.Andthesecond,later-bornchildrenhaverolemodelswhoareslightlyunreasonable2-year-olds,youknow,theiroldersiblings.Thedifferenceofparentalinvestmentsandthesiblinginfluencesprobablycontributetothesedifferencesweseeinthelabormarketandwhatwefindinbehaviorsagainstregulations,evenagainstlaws.It’sjustverydifficulttoseparatethosetwothingsbecausetheyhappenatthesametime”Theresults,theauthorsargue,haveanimportanteffectonsocialpolicy.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sprites”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Losers\nB．TroublemakersC．ClosecompanionsD．Parents’pets2．Accordingtothereport,whatinfluencesthesecond-bornchildren’sbehavior?A．ChallengesoftheireldersiblingsB．TheamountofattentiontheyreceivefromparentsC．MorefamilyproblemstheyarefacedwithD．Fewerchancesoftalkingwithothers3．JosephDoyleholdstheopinionthattheoldersiblings______.A．havethesamerolemodelsastheiryoungeronesB．arenottoblamefortheiryoungersiblings’failureC．arepartlyresponsiblefortheiryoungersiblings’problemsD．affecttheparentalinvestmentandthelabormarketparticipation4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ParentsPreferFirst-BornKidsB．HowParentsImproveFamilyRelationshipsC．SocialPolicyGuidesFamilyEducationD．WhytheSecond-BornTendtobeMisbehaved（B）Thereareseveralreasonswhyschooluniformsaregoodidea.Firstofall,uniformshelptheschoollooksmart.Thestudentsfeelthattheybelongtoaparticulargroup.Wheneverypupilintheschoolwearstheuniform,nobody___1___(have)toworryaboutfashion(时尚).Everybodywears___2___samestyleofclothes.Uniformscanbeusefulinunexpectedways,AschoolinIrelandhasintroducedaninterestingnewuniform.Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth___3___givesofflightinthedark.Whenthechildrenarewalkingor___4___(cycle)toschoolondarkmornings,cardriverscan___5___(easy)seethem.Butcanuniformshelpimproveschoolstandards?Theanswer___6___thisquestionisnotclear.OnestudyinAmericafoundthatstudents'grades___7___(improve)alittleaftertheschoolintroduceduniforms.Butsomestudentsdidn'twant___8___\n(wear)theuniform.OtherAmericanstudiesshowedno___9___(connect)betweenuniformsandschoolperformance.Schooluniformsare___10___(tradition)inBritain,butsomeschoolsarestartingtogetridofthem.Someverygoodschoolsdon'thaveauniformpolicy.However,uniformsarestillpopular.Pupilsatabout90percentofBritishsecondaryschoolswearuniforms.答案及解析A【答案】1．B2．B3．C4．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要根据麻省理工学院的一份报告分析了为什么二胎孩子通常表现不佳。1．词义猜测题。根据第二段中second-bornsaremorelikelythanfirst-bornstobehavebadly老二比老大更有可能行为不端。可知，弟弟妹妹应该会带来麻烦事，因此猜测划线词sprites意为“麻烦制造者”。故选B项。2．细节理解题。根据第三段中Thereasonwhysecond-bornsiblingsmaybeworsebehavedthanfirst-bornisthatparentstendtopaylessattentiontothem.第二胎的兄弟姐妹比第一胎的表现更差的原因是父母往往不太关注他们。可知，二胎孩子从父母那里得到的关注度影响了他们的行为。故选B项。3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Thefirst-bornhasrolemodels,whoareadults.Andthesecond,later-bornchildrenhaverolemodelswhoareslightlyunreasonable2-year-olds,youknow,theiroldersiblings.第一个孩子有自己的榜样，他们都是成年人。第二代，也就是晚出生的孩子，他们的榜样是有点不理性的比他们大的2岁的孩子，你知道，就是他们的哥哥姐姐。由此判断出，约瑟夫·道尔认为，年长的兄弟姐妹对他们弟弟妹妹的问题负有部分责任。故选C项。4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中Doyouhaveayoungerbrother?Doeshealwaysgetintrouble?Well,theremightbesomesciencebehindthat.你有弟弟吗？他总是惹麻烦吗？嗯，这背后可能有一些科学道理。以及第二段中AccordingtoareportfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,second-bornsaremorelikelythanfirst-bornstobehave\nbadly根据麻省理工学院的一份报告，老二比老大更有可能行为不端。可知，本文主要是根据报告分析了为什么二胎孩子表现不佳，因此本文的最佳标题是选项D“为什么第二胎的孩子会表现不佳”。故选D项。B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学生穿校服的几个好处。1.has/willhave【解析】考查时态。句意：当每个学生在校穿校服时，没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是when引导的时间状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，因此，主句可以使用将来时willdo；根据语境可知，本文叙述的是客观事实，因此，本句亦可用一般现在时，主语是nobody，谓语用has。故填willhave/has。2.the【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。3.that/which【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。4.cycling【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分，根据or前的walking可知，此处要用cycling。故填cycling。5.easily【解析】考查副词。分析句式可知，设空处所给词是修饰动词see，修饰动词要用副词，因此，用easy的副词形式。故填easily。6.to【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。thekey/answerto...这是固定搭配，“……的答案是……”。故填to。7.improved【解析】考查时态。句意：美国的一项研究发现，在学校引入校服后，学生的成绩有所提高。本句是after引导的时间状语从句，前后时态保持一致，从句使用了一般过去式，主句用一般过去式。故填improved。8.towear【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。wanttodosth想要做某事，这是want的固定用法。故填towear。9.connection/connections【解析】考查名词。句意：其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。no是形容词，形容词修饰名词，位于名词前，名词可用复数也可用单数形式。connect是动词，“联系”的意思，因此，要用其名词形式。故填connection/connections。10.traditional【解析】考查形容词。句意：穿校服在英国是一个传统，但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。are是系动词，其后常用形容词作表语，tradition是名词，“传统”的意思，因此，用其形容词形式。故填traditional。\n