2023高考英语二轮复习高频阅读词组+练习二十七含解析20230232285
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2021届高考英语高频阅读词组+练习(二十七)一:词组梳理1.aswell也,一样2.asyet迄今,到目前为止3.意外的byaccident=bychance4.交通事故thetrafficaccident5.根据accordingto6.考虑takesthintoaccount7.因为,由于onaccountof=becauseof后面跟名词,不跟句子8.指责某人某事情accusesbofsth9.指控某人某事情chargesbwithsth10.钦佩某人某事情admiresbforsth11.责备某人某事情scoldsbforsth,blamesbforsth,sbbetoblameforsth12.asidefrom除┄之外13.associate…with…由…联想到…,把…和...联系起来14.associationwith与……的交往15.atadisadvantage处于不利地位16.ataloss不知所措17.atnotime从不,决不18.atonetime曾经,从前曾19.atthecostof以……为代价20.attheleast至少21.一周两次twiceaweek22.两倍那么多:twiceasmanyas,twicebiggerthan,twicethesize/length/widthof23.一、两天adayortwo,oneortwodays24.再两周时间anthertwoweeks,twomoreweeks25.manyastudenthasabook26.总而言之inaword27.有能力做某事情beabletodosth.,becapableofdoing\n1.怎么样whataboutdoing…/howaboutdoing2.当…即将要做某事情beabouttodosth…when…3.尤其是,最重要的是aboveall4.缺席,不在beabsentfrom5.全神贯注于某事情beabsorbedindoingsth.6.主观接受:accept客观接受(接受有形,有实物的东西)receive7.有权利做某事情haveaccesstosth.8.atatime每次,一次9.atall丝毫,根本10.atanymoment即使,随时11.atfirst首先,开始的时候12.atlarge未被捕获的,大多数13.atlast终于,最终14.atleast至少15.atlength最终,详细地16.atmost最多二:习题训练(A)Itiscalculatedthatsomeoftheworld's7,000languagesareindangerofgettingextinct.“Forexample,Ainu,alanguageinJapan,isnowseriouslythreatened,withonly10nativespeakersremaining”saidleadstudyauthorTatsuyaAmanoattheUniversityofCambridgeinEngland.Thescientistsfoundthat25percentoftheworld'slanguagesarethreatened.Afteridentifyingwheretheendangeredlanguageswere,theylookedforanyenvironmentalandsocialoreconomicfactorsthoselanguagesmighthaveincommon,suchaspoorareasorrapidpopulationgrowth.“Wefindthatattheglobalscale,languagespeakerdeclines(减少)arestronglylinkedtoeconomicgrowth—thatis,declinesareparticularlyoccurringineconomicallydevelopedregions,”Amanosaid.“Oneimportantfindingofthisnewstudyisthatlanguagesinthetropicsand\nHimalayanregionarelikelytobeincreasinglythreatenedinthenearfuture,becausetheseregionsstillhavemanylocalindigenouslanguages(本地语)withasmallnumberofspeakers,andatthesametimeareexperiencingrapideconomicgrowth,”Amanosaid.Economicgrowthmayendangerlanguagesforavarietyofreasons.Forinstance,speakersofendangeredlanguagesmayviewanothermorepopularlanguageasofferingeconomicopportunities,andthusforegotheirownlanguages.“Thereareotherimportantfactorsthatmightendangerlanguages,”theresearcherssaid.Forinstance,policiesregardinghowlanguagesareusedandtaughtinschoolscanbeverydifferentamongcountriesandevenwithineachcountry,andthesefactorsmayexplainmoredetailedpatternsinlanguageendangerment.Amanosuggesteditcouldbepossibletoforecastfuturethreatstothediversityoflanguages.“Thereexistsdetailedinformationonfuturechangesintheenvironment,economiesandclimates,”Amanosaid.“Usingsuchinformation,togetherwiththefindingsofthisstudyandfurtheranalysis,wewouldliketounderstandwhatwillhappentotheworld'slanguages,whereitwillhappenandwhichlanguageswillbethreatenedinparticular.”1.WhyisthelanguageofAinumentionedinParagraph1?A.ToshowthatitismostlikelytodisappearinthefutureB.ToprovethatJapaneseisnowseriouslythreatenedC.ToshowthatfewpeoplespeakJapaneseintheworldD.ToprovethatJapaneseismadeupofmanylanguages2.WhatmayendangerthelanguagesmostaccordingtoAmano?A.Thediversityofsociety.B.Thedeclineofthepopulation.C.Theimprovementoftheenvironment.D.Thedevelopmentofeconomy.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“forego”probablymean?A.Employ.B.Desert.C.Record.D.Advance.4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Theworld'slanguagesaredevelopingatarapidspeed.\nB.Thestudymaybeofuseinstoppinglanguagesdyingout.C.Itisratherhardforustoprotectthediversityoflanguages.D.Futurethreatstothediversityoflanguagesareunpredictable.(B)ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence___1___theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen___2___(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000-25,000polarbearsworldwide.Modemmethods___3___trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive___4___(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunayut___5___(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa___6___(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.Scientistshaverespondedby___7___(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare___8___(high)thantheyactuallyare.Of___9___nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six___10___(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.答案及解析A【答案】ADBB【解析】这是一篇说明文。据统计,世界上7000种语言中有一些濒临灭绝。文章主要讲述了世界上有很多语言面临灭绝的现状,分析了造成语言面临灭绝的原因。1.推理判断题。文章第一段Itiscalculatedthatsomeoftheworld's7,000languagesareindangerofgettingextinct.“Forexample,Ainu,alanguageinJapan,isnowseriouslythreatened,withonly10nativespeakersremaining”可知提到世界上许多语言面临着灭绝的危险,接着以日本的阿伊努语为例,这说明该语言在未来有可能消失。故第1段提到阿伊努语是为了表明它很可能在未来消失。故选A。2.细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Wefindthatattheglobalscale,languagespeaker\ndeclines(减少)arestronglylinkedtoeconomicgrowth—thatis,declinesareparticularlyoccurringineconomicallydevelopedregions,”Amanosaid.可知,Amano认为经济的发展有可能引起某种语言的使用人数减少,使得这种语言濒临灭绝。故选D。3.词义猜测题。根据上文Economicgrowthmayendangerlanguagesforavarietyofreasons.Forinstance,speakersofendangeredlanguagesmayviewanothermorepopularlanguageasofferingeconomicopportunities,andthus…可知由于种种原因,经济增长可能危及语言。例如,濒危语言的使用者可能认为另一种更受欢迎的语言提供了经济机会,因此放弃了自己的语言。故可推测划线单词意思为“放弃;舍弃”。A.Employ.雇用;B.Desert.舍弃;C.Record.记录;D.Advance.前进。故选B。4.推理判断题。根据最后一段第三句“Usingsuchinformation,togetherwiththefindingsofthisstudyandfurtheranalysis,wewouldliketounderstandwhatwillhappentotheworld'slanguages,whereitwillhappenandwhichlanguageswillbethreatenedinparticular.”(“利用这些信息,结合这项研究的结果和进一步的分析,我们希望了解世界上的语言将会发生什么,将在哪里发生,以及哪些语言将受到特别的威胁。”)可知,这项研究可能有助于阻止语言的消亡。故选B。B【语篇解读】本文为科普文类说明文,介绍了北极熊的生存现状。1.【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知,主句为therebe句型,且结构完整,空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence的内容,故填that。2.【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知,此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词hasbeenstudied,意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。3.【解析】考查介词用法。此处trackingpolarbearpopulations作Modernmethods的定语,用of连接,“methodsofdoingsth.”,意为“……的方法”,构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。4.【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后,常用不定式作原因或目的状语,句意:跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用,并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的,故此处用toperform。5.【解析】考查时态。根据上下文语境,尤其是时间状语inrecentyears可知,主句用现在完成时态,故填havereported。6.\n【解析】考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知,空格处为名词形式,故填belief。7.【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知,此处用动名词主动形式,故填noting。8.【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据其后thantheyactuallyare可知,此处为形容词的比较级,故填higher。9.【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指,意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”,故填the。10.【解析】考查主谓一致。根据threearedeclining,此处数词six作主语,代指前文中的“polarbearsubpopulations”,故用复数谓语,一般现在时,故填are。
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