全国统考2023高考英语一轮复习练习必修2Unit1Talesoftheunexplained课时作业含解析20230325172

四　必修2　Unit1　TalesoftheunexplainedⅠ.阅读理解A(2021·扬州模拟)Makingbeersonthemoonmightseemlikeapipedreamtomany,butforagroupofstudentsfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatSanDiego,thereisachancetotaketheirresearchbeyondEarth’ssurface.TheLab2Mooncompetition,heldbyTeamIndus,isofferingstudentsthechancetosecureaspotontheTeamIndusrocketthisyear.Takingcraftbeertothenextlevel,thestudentswanttotestwhetherit’spossibleforyeast(酵母)toworkandcreatebeeronthemoon.However,theybelievetheexperimentisnotjustacreativeconceptforastronauts,it’salsoimportantforthedevelopmentofdrugsandyeast-containingfood,likebread.“Theideastartedoutwithafewlaughsamongagroupoffriends,”saidNeekiAshari,afifth-yearbioengineeringstudentatUCSanDiego.“Weallappreciatethecraftbeer.WhenweheardthattherewasanopportunitytodesignanexperimentthatwouldgouponIndia’smoonlander,wethoughtwecouldcombineourhobbywiththecompetitionbyfocusingonthepracticalityofyeastinouterspace.”Thepreparationworkforthebeer—uptothestageofaddingyeast—willallbedoneonEarth,andratherthanseparatingthefermentation(发酵)andcarbonationstageofmakingbeer,theteamplanstocombinethem.ThisremovestheneedtoreleaseCO2accumulatedintheprocess,whichmayresultincleanlinessandsafetyissuesoutinspace.Ifselected,TeamOriginalGravitywillbethefirsttomakebeerinouterspace,andthefermentationwilltakeplaceinacontainernobiggerthanasodacan.AllteamscompetingfortheplacewillshowcasetheirideasinBangalore,India,inMarch.\nSadly,youwon’tbeenjoyingmoonbeerinyourlocalcraftbeerbaranytimesoon,asnosampleswillbebroughtback.However,thissmallexperimentcouldprovideimportantdataonjusthowpracticalitisforustomakeandcreateourownresourcesonotherplanetsandmoonsbylearninghowconsumables(消耗品)behaveindifferentenvironments.【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了对许多人来说,在月球上酿造啤酒似乎是天方夜谭,但对于一群来自加州大学圣地亚哥分校的学生来说,这是一个将他们的研究带出地球表面的机会。1.Howdidthestudentsfeelwhentheygotthechancetodesigntheexperiment?A.Excited.　　　　　　B.Nervous.C.Confident.D.Casual.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段Makingbeersonthemoonmightseemlikeapipedreamtomany,butforagroupofstudentsfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatSanDiego,thereisachancetotaketheirresearchbeyondEarth’ssurface.(对许多人来说,在月球上酿造啤酒似乎是天方夜谭,但对于一群来自加州大学圣地亚哥分校的学生来说,这是一个将他们的研究带出地球表面的机会。)由此推断出,当学生们有机会设计实验时,他们感觉很兴奋,故选A。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inParagraph6referto?A.Themixingoftwostages.B.AddingyeastonEarth.C.ThepreparationworkonEarth.D.Fermentationandcarbonation.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据上文Thepreparationworkforthebeer—uptothestageofaddingyeast—willallbedoneonEarth,andratherthanseparatingthefermentationandcarbonationstageofmakingbeer,theteamplanstocombinethem.可知,啤酒的准备工作——直到添加酵母的阶段——都将在地球上完成,而不是将酿造啤酒的发酵和碳酸化阶段分开,团队计划将它们结合起来。所以通过上下文的语境可以判断出。“This”指的是两个过程的混合,故选A。3.Whatcanwelearnabouttheexperimentfromthepassage?A.Ithasbeendesignedbasedonsimilarexperiments.\nB.It’squitecompetitivecomparedwithotherdesigns.C.ItsdesignhasalreadybeenapprovedbyTeamIndus.D.Itsprocesswasadaptedtomakeitsaferandgreener.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据倒数第四段ThisremovestheneedtoreleaseCO2accumulatedintheprocess,whichmayresultincleanlinessandsafetyissuesoutinspace.(这消除了释放过程中积累的二氧化碳的需要,这可能会导致清洁和安全问题。)由此推断出,我们能从文章中了解到这次实验的生产过程经过了调整,使其更安全、更环保,故选D。4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthestudents’idea?A.Itseemslikeapipedream.B.It’sextremelycomplicated.C.It’smeaningfulandhopeful.D.It’screativebutimpractical.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段However,thissmallexperimentcouldprovideimportantdataonjusthowpracticalitisforustomakeandcreateourownresourcesonotherplanetsandmoonsbylearninghowconsumablesbehaveindifferentenvironments.由此推断出,作者认为这些学生的想法有意义和充满希望,故选C。【知识拓展】长难句分析However,thissmallexperimentcouldprovideimportantdataonjusthowpracticalitisforustomakeandcreateourownresourcesonotherplanetsandmoonsbylearninghowconsumablesbehaveindifferentenvironments.分析:howpracticalitisforustomakeandcreateourownresourcesonotherplanetsandmoonsbylearninghowconsumablesbehaveindifferentenvironments是宾语从句。在该从句中还含有另一个宾语从句(howconsumablesbehaveindifferentenvironments)。翻译:然而,通过了解消耗品在不同环境中的行为,这个小实验可以为我们提供重要的数据,告诉我们在其他行星和卫星上制造和创造我们自己的资源有多实际。B(2021·重庆模拟)OnethinginwhichIthinkItaketoomuchpride,attimes,ismyacademicperformance.Inthepast,Imanagedtogetgradesonexamsthatwereunbelievable,\neventomyself,fortheamountofstudyingIhaddone.TheexammayhavejusthappenedtoaskthequestionstowhichIknewtheanswers,eventhoughthereweremanypossiblequestionsthatwouldhavestumpedme.I’vealwaysdonewellinmathematics,butafewtimes,IhadtostepbackandtakeasecondlookathowmuchprideIhadinmyability.UponreceivingthescoreformysecondexaminMATH170,Iwasratherdisturbed.Myscorewas79%.IhadplannedtousemymathcoursestobalancethegradesImightgetinmyEnglishandwritingcourses,sothatscorewasacceptable.Itgotworsestill.InStatisticsandCalculus,Ireceivedfailinggradesonhomeworkassignments.EverytimeIgotthesebadgrades,Ifeltthesame.IstartedtothinkthatmaybeIreallycouldn’tdothesethings.Aftergivinganhonesteffort,however,Ididbetter.ThethinginwhichIhaven’tenoughprideismyworthasapersonwithwhompeopleliketoassociate.IgiveupopportunitiestosocializebecauseIdon’tthinkanyonewillwanttotalktome.Becauseofthistraitofmine,Ihaveveryfewfriends.Perhapsspendingthemajorityofmytimealoneisn’tbad;itiswhatI’musedto,butIbetthatbylivingalifeofpartialseclusion,Imissoutoninterestingandamusinglifeexperiencesthatcouldbebeneficial.Ihaveillustratedhowtheextremesofpridecanbeharmful.Inmycase,toomuchprideinacademicabilitycanleadtofailinggrades,andnotenoughprideinoneselfasasocialindividualcanleadtoalonelierlife.Amoderateamountofprideleadstoaclearviewoftheagendasoflife,allowingonetomakegooddecisionsregardingthese.【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在文中讲述了自己的经历,过于骄傲导致学术成绩不及格,对社交个体不够自豪导致了更孤独的生活,提出拥有适度的骄傲。5.Whydidtheauthorgetgoodgradesinthepast?A.Becauseofhardwork.B.Becauseofmuchpride.C.Becauseofgoodluck.D.Becauseofhighintelligence.\n【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段中TheexammayhavejusthappenedtoaskthequestionstowhichIknewtheanswers,eventhoughthereweremanypossiblequestionsthatwouldhavestumpedme.考试可能只是碰巧问了一些我知道答案的问题,即使有很多可能会难倒我的问题。可知,因为运气好作者在过去取得了好成绩。故选C项。6.Howdidtheauthorfeelafterexamfailures?A.Alittleashamed.B.Lessconfident.C.Lessdetermined.D.Alittlegrateful.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中UponreceivingthescoreformysecondexaminMATH170,Iwasratherdisturbed.当我收到MATH170第二次考试的成绩时,我很不安。以及EverytimeIgotthesebadgrades,Ifeltthesame.IstartedtothinkthatmaybeIreallycouldn’tdothesethings.每次我得到这些糟糕的成绩,我都有同样的感觉。我开始想,也许我真的做不了这些事。可知,考试失败后作者缺乏自信。故选B项。7.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetospendingmostofhis/hertimealone?A.Carefree.B.Tolerant.C.Regretful.D.Positive.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段中Perhapsspendingthemajorityofmytimealoneisn’tbad;itiswhatI’musedto,butIbetthatbylivingalifeofpartialseclusion,Imissoutoninterestingandamusinglifeexperiencesthatcouldbebeneficial.也许大部分时间独处并不糟糕;这是我所习惯,但我敢打赌,由于过着部分隐居的生活,我错过了可能有益的有趣的生活经历。可知,作者对大部分时间独处持遗憾的态度。故选C项。8.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AvoidingBeingTooProudB.ChangingthePoorCharacterC.CorrectingtheBadBehaviourD.BalancingthePrideDegree【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Ihaveillustratedhowtheextremesofpridecanbeharmful.我已经说明了极端的骄傲是如何有害的。以及Amoderateamountofprideleadstoaclearviewoftheagendasoflife,allowingonetomakegooddecisions\nregardingthese.适度的骄傲会让你对生活的日程有一个清晰的认识,允许你对这些事情做出正确的决定。可知,作者在文中讲述了自己的经历,过于骄傲会导致学术成绩不及格,对社交个体不够自豪导致了更孤独的生活,提出拥有适度的骄傲,因此本文的最佳标题是选项D“平衡骄傲的程度”。故选D项。【知识积累】1.socializevi.　　　交际;参与社交2.traitn.特性,特点;品质3.missouton错过;错失4.illustratevt.阐明Ⅱ.阅读填句(2021·福州模拟)Let’stakeaminutetothinkaboutthewaterweuse.Thehumanbodyis60%waterandweneedtodrinklotsofwatertobehealthy.Whenwearethirstywejustgotothekitchenandfillaglasswithcleanwater.__1__Forexample,farmers,whoproducethefoodweeat,usewatertomaketheplantsgrow.WhenweturnonalightorswitchonaTVoracomputerweuseenergyandweneedwatertoproducethisenergy. Thetruthisthatweareluckyenoughtohavecleanwaterwheneverwewant,butthisisnotthecaseformanypeoplearoundtheworld.__2__That’saroundonein10peopleintheworld.Ifwedrinkdirtywater,wecancatchdiseasesfromthebacteriaandbecomeill.Everyyearover500,000childrendiefromdiarrhea(腹泻)fromdirtywater.That’saround1,400childreneveryday!Also,insomecountrieschildrenwalkmanykilometreseverydaytogetwater.__3__Therefore,theydon’thavetimetolearnhowtoreadorwriteanddon’tgetaneducation. __4__Onthisdayeveryyear,countriesaroundtheworldholdeventstoeducatepeopleabouttheproblemsofdirtywaterandthatcleanwaterissomethingthateveryoneshouldhavearoundtheworld.AtoneschoolintheUK,childrenbetweentheagesof10and15walk6kmwithsixlitresofwater.__5__Peoplegivethemmoneytodothisandallthemoneyhelpsgetcleanwatertoasmanypeopleaspossiblearoundtheworld. \nA.Weusewaterindirectlytoo.B.Everysysteminourbodydependsonwatertofunction.C.Itistoinspirepeopletolearnmoreaboutwater-relatedproblemsD.Ifchildrenwalkmanyhoursadaytogetwater,theycan’tgotoschool.E.Didyouknowthataround750millionpeopledonothavecleanwatertodrink?F.In1993theUnitedNationsdecidedthatMarch22ndistheWorldDayforWater.G.Inthisway,theyknowhowitfeelstowalkalongdistancecarryingheavybottles.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文,主要说明了水是我们生活中非常重要的能源,而世界上很多人并不像我们这样幸运能喝到干净的水。世界上大约有7.5亿人没有干净的水喝,每年有50多万儿童死于脏水引起的腹泻。就此联合国决定3月22日为世界水日,并在当天举办活动来教育人们关于脏水的问题,让人们知道清洁的水是全世界每个人都应该拥有的。1.【解析】选A。根据下文Forexample,farmers,whoproducethefoodweeat,usewatertomaketheplantsgrow.WhenweturnonalightorswitchonaTVoracomputerweuseenergyandweneedwatertoproducethisenergy.(例如,生产我们吃的食物的农民,使用水使植物生长。当我们打开电灯或电视或电脑时,我们使用能源,我们需要水来产生这种能源)可知下文是在列举人们间接使用水的例子,故A选项“我们也间接地用水。”符合上下文语境,故选A。2.【解析】选E。根据下文That’saroundonein10peopleintheworld.(那大约是世界上十分之一的人)可推知本句为说明世界上没有干净水喝的人数。故E选项“你知道大约有7.5亿人没有干净的水喝吗?”符合上下文语境,故选E。3.【解析】选D。根据上文Also,insomecountrieschildrenwalkmanykilometreseverydaytogetwater.(而且,在一些国家,孩子们每天要走好几千米去取水)中walkmanykilometreseverydaytogetwater可对应到D选项中walkmanyhoursadaytogetwater,故D选项“如果孩子们每天走很多小时去取水,他们就不能去上学。”符合上下文语境,故选D。4.【解析】选F。结合下文Onthisdayeveryyear,countriesaroundtheworldholdeventstoeducatepeopleabouttheproblemsofdirtywaterandthatcleanwaterissomethingthateveryoneshouldhavearoundtheworld.(每年的这一天,世界各国都会举办各种活动,让人们了解脏水的问题,\n让他们知道清洁的水是全世界每个人都应该拥有的)是在说明世界水日当天的活动,故可知本空为说明世界水日的设立时间,故F选项“1993年,联合国决定3月22日为世界水日。”符合上下文语境,故选F。5.【解析】选G。根据前文AtoneschoolintheUK,childrenbetweentheagesof10and15walk6kmwithsixlitresofwater.(在英国的一所学校,10到15岁的孩子负重6升水来步行6千米)可推知本空承接上文继续说明这一做法的意义是让孩子们了解带着沉重的瓶子走很长的距离是什么感觉。故G选项“通过这种方式,他们知道带着沉重的瓶子走很长的距离是什么感觉。”符合上下文语境,故选G。Ⅲ.语法填空(2021·绵阳模拟)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Acrater(环形山)onMercurysatquietlyformillionsofyears.Surprisingly,itacquiredaname—LiQingzhao,aChinesefemalepoet.TheInternationalAstronomicalUnionnamedthefirstgroupofcratersontheplanetafter310famouswritersandartistsinhumanhistory,Li1.__________(include).Whatdidshedotodeservesuch2.__________honor?ComparedwithothermalepoetsinChina,3.__________havelefthundredsoreventhousandsofpoems,shehasonlyeighty-seven.4.__________,herartisticcreativityinher5.__________(survive)workshasearnedherapermanentplaceintheChineseliterarycircle. Shegrewupina6.__________(relative)relaxedatmospherebuthermaiden(少女)daysweresolimitedthattheregretcouldbefeltinherpoem:“Can’tyousee?Thegreenleavesthriving(旺盛)buttheredflowersfadingovernight.”ThearrivalanddisappearanceofspringisoneofthemostfrequentthemesinChinesepoetry.Lihadtwomarriages.Thefirstendedupherbeingabandonedduringthewar.7.__________(bad)still,shesufferedphysicalabusefromhersecondhusband.Bravelyshechargedhimatthecourtandgotthe8.__________(permit)todivorce. Inthefinalstageofherlife,even9.__________noonetorelyon,shenevergaveuphopeandcreatedmanyliteraryworksthat10.__________(leave)forgenerationstoappreciatetodate. 【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章由水星上的一座环形山命名为“李清照”切入,给读者介绍了我国著名女诗人李清照的生平。\n1.【解析】included。考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,Li和include之间是逻辑上的被动关系,故用过去分词作后置定语,故填included。2.【解析】an。考查冠词。honor是可数名词,结合上下文可知,此处意为“值得这样的一份荣耀”,是泛指,应用不定冠词,honor是以元音音素开头的词,故填an。3.【解析】who。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处是非限制性定语从句关系词,先行词malepoets在从句中充当主语,应用关系代词who,故填who。4.【解析】However。考查副词。句意:然而,她现存的作品的艺术创作力为她在中国文学圈赢得了永恒的地位。结合上下文可知,此处应用表转折意义的副词,故填However。5.【解析】surviving。考查形容词。句意:然而,她现存的作品的艺术创作力为她在中国文学圈赢得了永恒的地位。根据句意可知,此处应填survive的形容词surviving“继续存在的”,修饰名词works,故填surviving。6.【解析】relatively。考查副词。此处应填relative的副词修饰形容词relaxed,故填relatively。7.【解析】Worse。考查固定表达。句意:更糟糕的是,她遭受了第二任丈夫的虐待。结合句意可知,此处考查固定表达worsestill“更糟糕的是”,故填Worse。8.【解析】permission。考查名词。分析句子可知,此处应填permit的名词作为got的宾语,故填permission。9.【解析】with。考查介词。句意:在她人生的最后阶段,没有人可以依靠,但她从来没有放弃,并且创作了很多让世人到今天还非常欣赏的文学作品。结合句意和句子结构可知,此处考查with的复合结构,即with+n./pron.+todo,withnoonetorelyon“没有人可以依靠”,故填with。10.【解析】havebeenleft。考查时态和语态。分析句子可知,此处是定语从句的谓语动词,由forgenerations判断为现在完成时,主语that指代literaryworks和leave之间是被动关系,故用现在完成时的被动语态,主语是复数,故填havebeenleft。【知识积累】佳词积累1.acquirevt.　　　获得2.abusev.&n.滥用;虐待Ⅰ.阅读理解\n　　TheozoneholethatopenseveryyearovertheAntarcticisoncoursetobethesmallestinthreedecades,scientistshavesaid.Researcherssaytheholeisalsoaparticularlyunusualshapethisyear,beingheavilyskewed(扭曲)towardsSouthAmericainsteadofcentringontheSouthPole.AccordingtotheBritishAntarcticSurvey,theholehadreachedanareaof11millionsquarekilometresinearlySeptember,whentheannual“springwarming”eventkickedinmuchearlierthanusual.In2018,theholereachedamaximumareaof22.9millionsquarekilometres.In2002,thepolarvortexsplitintwo,creatingtwoseparateozoneholesoverthecontinent.AnnaJones,ascientistattheBritishAntarcticSurvey,toldTheIndependenttheshapeoftheholethisyearwas“veryunusual”.Shesaid,“Thisisaprettynewphenomenon.Itcouldbeamultiplecollectionoffactors.”SatelliterecordsforthepolarvortexinAntarcticagobacktothelate1970s,butthe2002splitvortexistheonlyothermajorchange.“Scientistshaven’tquitefigureditoutyet...therearevariousthingstheycanlookat,butit’scertainlyveryunusual,”Dr.Jonessaid.Dr.Jonessaidthekeytoreducingthesizeoftheozoneholeinthelongtermwascontinuingtoclampdownontheillegalman-madechemicalscausingthedestruction.ShealsowarnedpeoplelivinginSouthAmericacouldnowbeatriskfromdangerousUVradiationastheozonehasthinned.“Thekeythingisthatthegasesthatdestroyozonearestillaround,stillintheatmosphere,”shesaid.“Idoubtwewillseethisagainnextyear.Wecan’tberelieved.Itabsolutelydoesn’tmeantheozoneholeisnevergoingtobeseenagain.” 【文章大意】本文为说明文,讲的是科学家研究发现今年南极上空臭氧空洞的形状“异乎寻常”,严重向南美倾斜。1.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheStrangelyShapedAntarcticOzoneHoleB.TheTerribleEnvironmentalPollutionintheWorldC.TheGreatDamageDonetotheEnvironmentintheAntarcticD.TheRiskofDangerousUVRadiationintheAtmosphere\n【解析】选A。主旨大意题。纵观全文可知本文讲的是今年南极上空臭氧空洞的形状“异乎寻常”,严重向南美倾斜,与A项一致,故选A。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“clampdownon”inthelastparagraphmean?A.increase　　B.limit　　C.pour　　D.release【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“thekeytoreducingthesizeoftheozonehole”和“...theillegalman-madechemicalscausingthedestruction”可知,此处表示减小臭氧层空洞的关键仍是限制破坏臭氧层的非法人造化学品,故选B。3.Whatcanwelearnaccordingtothepassage?A.TheozoneholeovertheAntarcticwillnotbeseenagain.B.ThepolarvortexinAntarcticafirsthappenedtothelate1970s.C.In2002,theholereachedamaximumareaof22.9millionsquarekilometres.D.Theannual“springwarming”eventusuallykickedinlaterthanearlySeptember.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句话可知A项错误;根据第四段第一句话可知南极极地涡旋的卫星纪录可以追溯到而不是极地涡旋第一次发生于20世纪70年代末,故B项错误;根据第二段可知C项错误;根据第二段中的“...inearlySeptember,whentheannual‘springwarming’eventkickedinmuchearlierthanusual.”可知D项正确。4.Thepassagecanbereadfrom______. A.anenvironmentnewspaperB.afashionmagazineC.anentertainmentmagazineD.aschooltextbook【解析】选A。文章出处题。本文讲的是环境方面的新发现,故选A。Ⅱ.完形填空　　ThereisastoryfrommanyyearsagoofaprimaryschoolteachercalledMrsThompson.Ontheveryfirstdayofherfourthgradeclass,shetoldthechildrena__1__.Shelookedatherstudentsandsaidthatshe__2__themallthesame.Butthatwas__3__becausethereinthefrontrowwasalittleboy,TeddyStoddard.MrsThompsonhadwatchedTeddytheyearbeforeand__4__thathedidn’tplaywellwiththeotherchildren,hisclothesweremessyandheconstantlyneededa__5__.Shedidnotlike\nhim.Later,itgottothe__6__whereMrsThompsonwouldactually__7__hispaperswitharedpen,makingboldXs. However,whenshereadhisfileoneday,shewasin__8__.Teddy’sfirstgradeteacherwrote,“Teddyisa__9__child.Hedoeshiswork__10__andhasgoodmanners.”Hissecond-gradeteacherwrote,“Teddyisanexcellentstudent.Butheis__11__byhismother’sterminalillness.”Histhird-gradeteacherwrote,“Hismother’sdeathhasbeen__12__onhim.” Bynow,MrsThompsonrealizedtheproblemandshewas__13__ofherself.Ontheveryday,shequitteachingreadingandwriting.__14__,shebegantoteachchildrenhowtobeaman. MrsThompsonpaidparticular__15__toTeddy.Assheworkedwithhim,hismindseemedto__16__.Themoresheencouragedhim,thefasterhe__17__.Teddygraduatedfromtheschoolwiththehighestof__18__.Twentyyearslater,MrsThompsonreceiveda__19__tellinghershewasthebestteacherhehasevermetintheworld.Itwas__20__TheodoreF.Stoddard,MD. 【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。汤普森太太第一次教Teddy的时候,觉得他是一个有问题的学生。当了解到事情的起因后,汤普森夫人特别关注Teddy。她鼓励他,后来Teddy成了班上最聪明的孩子。作者通过这个故事告诉我们应该用心去温暖需要帮助的人。1.A.joke　　　B.lie　　C.lesson　　D.story【解析】选B。句意:在她上四年级课的第一天时,她对孩子们撒了个谎。根据下文的Shelookedatherstudentsandsaidthatshe______themallthesame.和Shedidnotlikehim可知老师撒了谎,她并没有同等地爱着每个学生,故选B项。 2.A.lovedB.thankedC.neededD.trusted【解析】选A。句意:她看着学生,对他们说她会同等地爱着他们所有人。结合常识可知,老师一般会对学生说会无差别地爱着他们,故选A项。3.A.trueB.impossibleC.seriousD.incorrect【解析】选B。句意:但那是不可能的,因为在前排有一个名叫TeddyStoddard的小男孩。根据下文的Shedidnotlikehim可知,老师并没有同等地爱着每个学生,故选B项。\n4.A.admittedB.observedC.expectedD.said【解析】选B。句意:汤普森女士一年前见到过Teddy,她观察到他和其他孩子相处得不融洽,他的衣服很脏,他总是一副需要洗澡的样子。根据下文的hisclothesweremessyandheconstantlyneededa______可知此处用“观察”符合语境,故选B项。 5.A.restB.parentC.bathD.friend【解析】选C。句意:汤普森女士一年前见到过Teddy,她观察到他和其他孩子相处得不融洽,他的衣服很脏,他总是一副需要洗澡的样子。根据上文的hisclothesweremessy可知Teddy很脏,需要洗澡,故选C项。6.A.classB.areaC.pointD.border【解析】选C。句意:后来,事情真的发展到了汤普森女士用红笔在他的试卷上标记加粗的X的阶段。结合上下文可知,此处是指汤普森对Teddy的不喜欢已经发展到了这样一个阶段,故选C项。7.A.markB.refuseC.readD.criticize【解析】选A。句意:后来,事情真的发展到了汤普森女士用红笔在他的试卷上标记加粗的X的阶段。根据下文的paperswitharedpen可知,此处用“做标记”符合语境,故选A项。8.A.sadnessB.surpriseC.excitementD.pride【解析】选B。句意:然而,当她有一天读他的文件时,她很惊讶。根据下文内容可知,从老师的评价来看Teddy原来是一个非常优秀的孩子,因为妈妈的生病和离世所以变成了现在这样,由此推测汤普森女士对此感到惊讶,故选B项。9.A.lazyB.funnyC.moodyD.bright【解析】选D。句意:Teddy一年级的老师写着:“Teddy是一个聪明的孩子。”根据下文的Teddyisanexcellentstudent.可知此处用“聪明的”符合语境,故选D项。10.A.neatlyB.badlyC.vividlyD.carelessly【解析】选A。句意:他的作业做得很整洁,并且很有礼貌。根据下文的hasgoodmanners可推测Teddy的作业也完成得很整洁,故选A项。11.A.shockedB.troubledC.thrilledD.caught\n【解析】选B。句意:但是他因妈妈的绝症而困扰。结合常识可知,一个孩子会因为母亲生病而忧虑和烦恼,故选B项。12.A.strangeB.obviousC.hardD.tight【解析】选C。句意:他三年级的老师写着:“妈妈的死对他来说很痛苦。”根据常识可知一个孩子会因为妈妈的去世而非常痛苦,故选C项。13.A.scaredB.proudC.confidentD.ashamed【解析】选D。句意:现在,汤普森女士意识到了问题的所在,并感到很愧疚。根据上文内容可知,此处是指汤普森女士在了解了事情的真相后,为自己因为Teddy穿着不整洁而不喜欢他的事情感到愧疚,故选D项。14.A.HoweverB.InsteadC.ThereforeD.Though【解析】选B。句意:相反,她开始教学生怎样做一个男子汉。根据上文的shequitteachingreadingandwriting可知,此处用“相反”符合语境,故选B项。15.A.attentionB.visitC.moneyD.respect【解析】选A。句意:汤普森女士对Teddy特别关注。根据句意可知,此处考查固定短语payattentionto“关注”,故选A项。16.A.comealoneB.comeupC.comealiveD.comeacross【解析】选C。句意:随着她跟他一起学习,他的头脑似乎活跃了起来。comealone独自一人来;comeup走近;comealive变得活跃;comeacross偶遇。根据下文的Teddygraduatedfromtheschoolwiththehighestof______.可知此处用“变得活跃”符合语境,故选C项。 17.A.actedB.talkedC.respondedD.moved【解析】选C。句意:她越鼓励他,他的反应就越快。根据下文的Teddygraduatedfromtheschoolwiththehighest可知此处用“反应快”符合语境,故选C项。18.A.benefitsB.states\nC.recordsD.honors【解析】选D。句意:Teddy以最高的荣誉从学校毕业。结合上下文可知,此处是指在汤普森女士的鼓励下,Teddy在各方面都变得很优秀,最终以最高荣誉从学校毕业,故选D项。19.A.bookB.letterC.giftD.visitor【解析】选B。句意:20年后,汤普森女士收到了一封信,信上说她是他在世界上遇到的最好的老师。根据下文的TheodoreF.Stoddard,MD可知这是一个署名,由此推测汤普森女士收到了一封信,故选B项。20.A.signedB.writtenC.listedD.accepted【解析】选A。句意:信上署名为TheodoreF.Stoddard,MD。根据TheodoreF.Stoddard,MD可知这是一个人的名字,故用“署名”符合语境,故选A项。Ⅲ.短文改错　　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。Withmother’sbirthdayapproaching,Idecidedtogivehersurpriseandcelebrateitforheronmyown.Afterfinishingmywork,Ilearnedwhattobakeacakeonline.IhadeverythingneededafterIstartedthebakingprocesscarefulasinstructed.Ipreheatedtheovenandmixedwiththemilk,eggs,butteroroilintothedrymixture.Ittakemeroughly20—30minutestobakethecake.Itwasreallyachallengingjob.Andthen,Iwasimmediatelybusypreparedallthedishes.Seeingwhatshehaddone,mymotherwasmovedwithtearrollinginhereyes.【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在母亲生日时,亲自准备蛋糕和饭菜作为惊喜,母亲感动得热泪盈眶的故事。\n1.【解析】第一句surprise前加a。考查冠词。句意:妈妈的生日快到了,我决定给她一个惊喜,并且自己给她庆祝一下。“一个惊喜”,表示泛指,应用不定冠词修饰,且surprise是发音以辅音音素开头的单词,应用a。故在surprise前面添加a。2.【解析】第二句what→how。考查宾语从句连接词。句意:完成工作后,我在网上学会了如何烤蛋糕。分析句子可知,此处表示“烤蛋糕的方式”,应用how引导宾语从句。故将what改为how。3.【解析】第三句after→before。考查介词。句意:在我按照指示开始仔细烘焙之前,我已经准备好了所有需要的东西。故将after改为before。4.【解析】第三句careful→carefully。考查副词。句意:在我按照指示开始仔细烘焙之前,我已经准备好了所有需要的东西。分析句子可知,此处用来修饰动词“start”,应用“careful”的副词形式。故将careful改为carefully。5.【解析】第四句去掉with。考查介词。句意:我预热了烤箱,把牛奶、鸡蛋、黄油和油混入干的混合物中。“mix”为及物动词,后边不用介词,直接加宾语,且此处“mixsth.intosth.”,意为“把某物混入某物”,是固定搭配。故去掉with。6.【解析】第四句or→and。考查连词。句意:我预热了烤箱,把牛奶、鸡蛋、黄油和油混入干的混合物中。分析句子可知,应为并列关系。故将or改为and。7.【解析】第五句take→took。考查时态。句意:烤这个蛋糕花了我大约20到30分钟。根据文章内容可知,此处描述的是过去的状况,应用一般过去时。故将take改为took。8.【解析】第七句prepared→preparing。考查固定搭配。句意:然后,我立即忙着准备所有的菜。分析句子可知,此处为“忙于准备所有的菜”,应用“bebusydoingsth.”,意为“忙着做某事”,是固定搭配。故将prepared改为preparing。9.【解析】第八句she→I。考查代词。句意:看到我所做的一切,母亲感动得热泪盈眶。分析句子可知,此处指“我为母亲做的这一切”,宾语从句中主语应为“我”。故将she改为I。10.【解析】第八句tear→tears。考查名词复数。句意:看到我所做的一切,母亲感动得热泪盈眶。句中“tear”用作名词时,意思是“眼泪”,是可数名词,故此处应用复数形式。故将tear改为tears。Ⅳ.书面表达　　假定你是李华,寒假在纽约学习,得知所在社区将举办一次普及中医知识的活动。请你写一封信,申请做志愿者,内容包括:1.写信目的;\n2.个人优势;3.对中医的认识。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。DearSir/Madam,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua【参考范文】DearSir/Madam,I’mLiHua,anexchangestudentfromChina.Havingreadlocalcommunity’sadvertisementforvolunteersonthepromotionofChinesetraditionalmedicine,Ican’twaittosubmitmyapplicationforthepost.BorninafamilywithbothparentsworkinginaninstituteoftraditionalChinesemedicine,IpossessathoroughunderstandingofTCM,whichIbelievecouldbequitehelpful.Additionally,asacompassionateandoutgoingindividual,IenjoyhelpingoutwhereverIcan.TraditionalChinesemedicineisancientmedicalpracticethathasbeenusedinChinaformorethan3,500years.Despitebeingaformofalternativemedicine,ithasworkedwondersinmanymedicalcases,suchasthetreatmentofCOVID-19.ItreallymeansalottometopromoteTCM,soIdohopethiswonderfulchancewouldbeofferedtome.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.Yourssincerely,LiHua【加固训练】阅读理解\n(2021·济南模拟)Hardwareingeneral,andsmartphonesinparticular,havebecomeahugeenvironmentalandhealthproblemintheGlobalSouth’slandfillsites(垃圾填埋场).Electronicwaste(e-waste)currentlytakesup5percentofallglobalwaste,anditissettoincreaserapidlyasmoreofusownmorethanonesmartphone,laptopandpowerbank.TheyendupinplaceslikeAgbogbloshieontheoutskirtsofGhana’scapital,Accra.Itisthebiggeste-wastedumpintheworld,where10,000informalworkerswalkthroughtonsofabandonedgoodsaspartofaninformalrecyclingprocess.Theyrisktheirhealthsearchingforthepreciousmetalsthatarefoundinabandonedsmartphones.ButAgbogbloshieshouldnotexist.TheBaselConvention,a1989treaty,aimstopreventdevelopednationsfromunauthorizeddumpingofe-wasteinlessdevelopedcountries.Thee-wasteindustry,however,circumventstheregulationsbyexportinge-wastelabelledas“secondhandgoods”topoorcountrieslikeGhana,knowingfullwellthatitisheadingforalandfillsite.ArecentreportfoundAgbogbloshiecontainedsomeofthemostdangerouschemicals.Thisisnotsurprising:smartphonescontainchemicalslikemercury(水银),leadandevenarsenic(砷).Reportedly,oneeggfromafree-rangechickeninAgbogbloshiecontainedacertainchemicalwhichcancausecanceranddamagetheimmunesystematalevelthat’sabout220timesgreaterthanalimitsetbytheEuropeanFoodSafetyAuthority(EFSA).Mostworryingly,thesepoisonouschemicalsarefreetopollutethebroadersoilandwatersystem.Thisshouldconcernusall,sincesomeofGhana’stopexportsarecocoaandnuts.Somegovernmentshavestartedtotakeresponsibilityfortheirconsumers’waste.Forexample,Germanyhasstartedaprojectthatincludesasustainable(可持续的)recyclingsystematAgbogbloshie,alongwithahealthclinicforworkers.However,governmentscannotsolvetheproblemalone,asthereisanalmostlimitlessconsumerdemandforhardware,especiallywhengovernmentsgreenpoliciesarefocusedonissueslikeclimatechange.\nOnlythemanufacturerscanfixthis.Amoreeconomicallysustainableandpoliticallypossiblesolutionisthroughencouraginghardwaremanufacturerstomaketherepair,reuseandrecyclingofhardwareprofitable,oratleastcost-neutral.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电子垃圾虽被掩埋在欠发达国家,但已成为危害全人类的公敌,因此政府和制造商都应该作出努力减少电子垃圾污染。1.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?A.Electronicproductsneedimprovingurgently.B.Electronicwasteistoocomplextogetfullyrecycled.C.ElectronicwasterequiresmorelandfillsitesacrossGhana.D.ElectronicpollutionisaburningquestioninAgbogbloshie.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第二段Electronicwaste(e-waste)currentlytakesup5percentofallglobalwaste,anditissettoincreaserapidlyasmoreofusownmorethanonesmartphone,laptopandpowerbank.TheyendupinplaceslikeAgbogbloshieontheoutskirtsofGhana’scapital,Accra.(目前,电子垃圾占全球垃圾总量的5%,而且随着越来越多的人拥有不止一台智能手机、笔记本电脑和充电宝,这一比例还将迅速上升。它们最终在加纳首都阿克拉郊区的Agbogbloshie等地落脚)可推知,随着电子垃圾的快速增长,Agbogbloshie地区的电子污染是一个严峻的问题。故选D。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“circumvents”inParagraph3mean?A.Tightens.　　　　　　　B.Abolishes.C.Getsaround.D.Bringsin.【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的句子TheBaselConvention,a1989treaty,aimstopreventdevelopednationsfromunauthorizeddumpingofe-wasteinlessdevelopedcountries.(1989年签署的《巴塞尔公约》旨在防止发达国家未经授权向欠发达国家倾倒电子垃圾)可知画线词所在的句子意思是发达国家打着向发展中国家出口“二手物品”的幌子将电子垃圾转移到发展中国家来避开《巴塞尔公约》的规定,可推知画线词的意思为“避开、绕开”。tightens拉紧;abolishes废除;getsaround避开;bringsin引进。故选C。3.Whatshouldbethebiggestconcernaccordingtothetext?A.TheviolationofEFSA’sstandards.B.ThelackofdiversityinGhana’sexports.\nC.Thedamagetochicken’simmunesystem.D.Thethreatofpollutedfoodaroundtheworld.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段Mostworryingly,thesepoisonouschemicalsarefreetopollutethebroadersoilandwatersystem.Thisshouldconcernusall,sincesomeofGhana’stopexportsarecocoaandnuts.(最令人担忧的是,这些有毒的化学物质可以随意污染更广阔的土壤和水系统。这应该引起我们所有人的关注,因为加纳的一些主要出口产品是可可和坚果)可知,加纳大量对外出口可可和坚果,所以全球范围内都会受到被污染食物的威胁。故选D。4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisthebestsolutiontothee-wasteproblem?A.Manufacturers’developingasustainablehardwareeconomy.B.Governments’adjustingtheirgreenpoliciesaboute-waste.C.Reducingcustomers’demandsforelectronicproducts.D.Lettinggovernmentstakeonthemainresponsibility.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段Onlythemanufacturerscanfixthis.Amoreeconomicallysustainableandpoliticallypossiblesolutionisthroughencouraginghardwaremanufacturerstomaketherepair,reuseandrecyclingofhardwareprofitable,oratleastcost-neutral.(只有制造商才能解决这个问题。一个经济上更可持续、政治上更可行的解决方案是,鼓励硬件制造商使硬件的维修、再利用和回收有利可图,或者至少不影响成本)可知,作者认为解决电子垃圾问题的关键在于硬件生产商,他们应该遵守可持续发展的原则,生产便于维修、可回收利用的电子产品。故选A。