全国统考2023高考英语一轮复习练习必修5Unit3Scienceandnature课时作业含解析20230325183

十五　必修5　Unit3　ScienceandnatureⅠ.阅读理解A(2021·兰州模拟)Theymaybeteenagers,but17-year-oldBrittanyBulland16-year-oldSesamMngqengqiswahavegrandambitions—tolaunchAfrica’sfirstprivatesatelliteintospace.TheyarepartofateamofhighschoolgirlsfromCapeTown,SouthAfrica,whohavedesignedandbuiltequipmentforasatellitethatwillorbitovertheearth’spolesscanningAfrica’ssurface.Onceinspace,thesatellitewillcollectinformationonagriculture,andfoodsecuritywithinthecontinent.“Usingthedata,wecantrytodetermineandpredicttheproblemsAfricawillbefacinginthefuture,”explainsBull,astudentatPelicanParkHighSchool.“Whereourfoodisgrowing,wherewecanplantmoretreesandvegetationandalsohowwecanmonitorremoteareas,”shesays.“Wehavealotofforestfiresandfloodsbutwedon’talwaysgetoutthereintime.”Informationreceivedtwiceadaywillgotowardsdisasterprevention.It’spartofaprojectbySouthAfrica’sMetaEconomicDevelopmentOrganization(MEDO)workingwithMoreheadStateUniversityintheUS.Thegirls(14intotal)arebeingtrainedbysatelliteengineersfromCapePeninsulaUniversityofTechnology,inanefforttoencouragemoreAfricanwomenintoSTEM(science,technology,engineering,mathematics).ScheduledtolaunchinMay2017,ifsuccessful,itwillmakeMEDOthefirstprivatecompanyinAfricatobuildasatelliteandsenditintoorbit.Mngqengqiswacomesfromasingleparenthousehold.Hermotherisadomesticworker.Bybecomingaspaceengineerorastronaut,theteenagerhopestomakehermotherproud.“DiscoveringspaceandseeingtheEarth’satmosphere,it’snotsomethingmanyblackAfricanshavebeenabletodo,orgettheopportunitytolookat.Iwanttoseeandexperiencethesethingsformyself,”saysMngqengqiswa.\nHerteammateBullagrees,“Iwanttoshowfellowgirlsthatwedon’tneedtositaroundorlimitourselves.Anycareerispossible—evenaerospace.”【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了为了吸引更多的非洲女性从事科技领域工作,南非开展了一个项目,让专家们培训女孩学习卫星发射技术。1.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Informationprovidedbythesatellite.B.Thebenefitsbroughtbythesatellite.C.ProblemsAfricanagriculturefaces.D.Thewaythesatellitecollectsinformation.【解析】选B。段落大意题。这一段主要讲述这颗卫星被发送到太空后将在许多方面发挥着重要作用,所以第二段主要说明这颗卫星将给整个非洲带来的益处,故选B。2.Whyaretheexpertsteachingthegirlssatellitetechnology?A.Toturnthemintogoodfarmers.B.TohelpAfricanwomentolivebetter.C.Totrainemployeesforaprivatecompany.D.ToattractmoreAfricanwomentosci-techfields.【解析】选D。细节理解题。由文章第四段内容,尤其是关键信息“encouragemoreAfricanwomenintoSTEM”可知,专家教女孩们学习卫星技术是为了鼓励更多的非洲女性进入科技领域,故选D。3.Whatdoyouthinkofthegirlsinthetext?A.Ambitiousandpioneering.B.Generousandconsiderate.C.Independentandmodest.D.Braveandtolerant.【解析】选A。推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中的“theteenagerhopestomakehermotherproud”,“it’snotsomethingmanyblackAfricanshavebeenabletodo”,“Iwanttoseeandexperiencethesethingsformyself”以及最后一段“HerteammateBullagrees,‘Iwanttoshowfellowgirlsthatwedon’tneedtositaroundorlimitourselves.Anycareerispossible—evenaerospace.’”可推知,文中的女孩充满雄心壮志,且具有开拓精神,故选A。\n【知识拓展】长难句分析TheyarepartofateamofhighschoolgirlsfromCapeTown,SouthAfrica,whohavedesignedandbuiltequipmentforasatellitethatwillorbitovertheearth’spolesscanningAfrica’ssurface.分析:本句是主从复合句。本句whohavedesignedandbuiltequipmentforasatellitethatwillorbitovertheearth’spolesscanningAfrica’ssurface是highschoolgirls的非限制定语从句。定语从句中含有asatellite的定语从句thatwillorbitovertheearth’spolesscanningAfrica’ssurface,后面现在分词scanningAfrica’ssurface作伴随状语。翻译:她们是来自南非开普敦的一个高中女生小组的成员,她们设计并制造了一颗卫星的设备,该卫星将在地球两极上空运行,扫描非洲的表面。B(2021·济南模拟)Scientistshavedevelopedanewtypeofsmartbandage(绷带)thatcansignalthetypeofbacterial(细菌的)infectionit’sprotecting,justlikeatrafficlight,aswellasreleasetherighttypeofdrugsondemand.Thetrafficlightsystemworksjustlikethis:Greenmeansnobacteriaoralowconcentrationofbacteria,yellowmeansdrug-sensitive(DS)bacteriaresponsivetostandardantibiotics(抗生素)andcausesantibioticrelease,andredmeansdrug-resistant(DR)bacteriathatneedextrahelptobewipedout.Intestingthebandageonmice,theresearchteamwasabletosuccessfullytreatbothDSandDRinfectionsusingthenewmethod.However,thecommonmethodsofsensingresistancearelimitedbytime,therequirementforprofessionalpersonnel,andexpensiveinstruments.Moreover,theabuseofantibioticscausestheacceleratedprocessofbacterialresistance.It’seasytoseehowasimplebandageandlightcouldovercomesomeoftheselimitations.Treatmentdoesn’thavetowaitforadoctortomakeadiagnosis,andthebandagecangettherightsortofdrugsappliedattheearliestopportunity.What’smore,thepersonwearingthebandagegetsreal-timefeedbackonwhat’shappeningwiththeinfection,ifthere’saninfectionatall.Theresearcherssay\nitoffersnumerousbenefitsoverexistingtreatmentsthatmakeuseoflight,includingphotodynamictherapyorPDT.We’vebeenseeingquiteafewupgradestothetraditionalbandageinrecentyears,thankstoadvancesinscience—likethenanofibermeshthatattractsbacteriaanddrawssomeofitout,speedingupthehealingprocess.Thenthere’sthenovelbandagefortreatingburns,whichstopsbacteriafrommultiplyingandlowerstheriskofinfection.Themoreworkthatabandagecandowhileit’sprotectingawound,thebetter.Effortstoimprovebandagescontinueandnowwe’vegotabandagethatnotonlyreleasesantibiotics,butalsotellsthepatientexactlywhat’sgoingontoo.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家们已经开发出一种新型的智能绷带,它可以像交通灯一样显示出它所保护的细菌感染类型,并根据需要释放出正确的药物类型。文章说明了这种绷带的优势以及预测未来的发展。4.Whatisthesmartbandagemainlydesignedtodo?A.Avoidtheuseofantibiotics.B.Clearoutharmfulbacteria.C.Detectbacterialinfections.D.Increasetreatmentoptions.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段中Scientistshavedevelopedanewtypeofsmartbandagethatcansignalthetypeofbacterialinfectionit’sprotecting,justlikeatrafficlight,aswellasreleasetherighttypeofdrugsondemand.可知,科学家们已经开发出一种新型的智能绷带,它可以像交通灯一样显示出它所保护的细菌感染类型,并根据需要释放出正确的药物类型。由此可知,智能绷带的主要功能是检测细菌感染。故选C。5.Whatistheadvantageofthesmartbandage?A.Itsavesmuchtimeandcost.B.Itremovestheriskofinfection.C.Itpreventsthebacterialresistance.D.Itimprovesdoctor-patientrelationship.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中However,thecommonmethodsofsensingresistancearelimitedbytime,therequirementforprofessionalpersonnel,and\nexpensiveinstruments.可知,然而,常用的电阻检测方法受到时间、专业人员的要求和昂贵仪器的限制。以及第三段第一句It’seasytoseehowasimplebandageandlightcouldovercomesomeoftheselimitations.可知,很容易看出一个简单的绷带和光可以克服这些限制。由此可知,智能绷带的优点是节省了很多时间和成本。故选A。6.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Traditionalbandagesareoutofusenow.B.Moresmartbandageswillbedeveloped.C.Progressinsciencecallsformoreresearch.D.Peopleareurgedtostudymedicalscience.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段中Effortstoimprovebandagescontinueandnowwe’vegotabandagethatnotonlyreleasesantibiotics,butalsotellsthepatientexactlywhat’sgoingontoo.可知,改进绷带的努力仍在继续,现在我们有了一种绷带,不仅能释放抗生素,还能告诉病人到底发生了什么。由此可推知,更多的智能绷带将被开发。故选B。7.Whatdoesthetextfocuson?A.Asuccessfultestonmice.B.Acolour-changingbandage.C.Sensingdrug-resistantbacteria.D.Preventingabuseofantibiotics.【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据第一段中Scientistshavedevelopedanewtypeofsmartbandagethatcansignalthetypeofbacterialinfectionit’sprotecting,justlikeatrafficlight,aswellasreleasetherighttypeofdrugsondemand.可知,科学家们已经开发出一种新型的智能绷带,它可以像交通灯一样显示出它所保护的细菌感染类型,并根据需要释放出正确的药物类型。结合文章还说明了这种绷带的优势和未来的发展趋势。由此可推知,文章的重点是智能绷带。故选B。【知识拓展】佳词积累①bacterial　　　adj.细菌的②infectionn.感染③releasev.释放\n④professionaladj.专业的Ⅱ.阅读填句Handwritingisquicklybecomingadyingart.Fewbusinessescanrunnowadayswithoutcomputers.　1　ResearchersfromPrincetonUniversityconductedastudytodemonstratethedifferencesbetweenstudentswhowroteouttheirnotesandthosewhotypednotesonalecture.　2　Participantsweretestedonthematerial30minutesafterthelectureandagainaweeklater.Andhandwritingemergedasthechampion. 　3　Thetypershadasignificantedgewhenitcametonote-takingefficiency.Thetyperscouldcopydownsignificantlymanymorewordsthanthewriters,sometimeseventranscribingthecontentsofthelectureword-for-word. Butwhilemoreofthelecture’scontentwasretained(保留)onpaperwhentyping,itwasn’tnecessarilyretainedinparticipants’heads.　4　Onthetest30minutesafterthelecture,typersandwritersdidmoreorlessequallywellonquestionsaboutthebasicfactsofthelecture,buttypersfellbehindwhenitcametomoreconceptualquestions. Asforthelaterquiz,theresultsweresimilar.Studentswithhandwrittennoteswereabletorememberandstillunderstandtheconceptsofthelectureafteraweekhadpassed.Theseparticipantswerealsomoreopentounderstandingnewideas.　5　 A.Theteststhattheparticipantstookprovedthis.B.Theefficiencyofhandwritingmightbestbenefityou.C.That’snottosaythattypingdoesn’thaveitsbenefits.D.Inthisstudy,thelaptopswereonlyusedtotakenotes.E.Generallyspeaking,typingalsohasitsowndisadvantages.F.Butwhatarewelosingashandwritinglosesitssignificanceinsociety?G.Clearly,writingbyhandisoneofthethingsthatcanmakeyousmarter.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。书法正迅速成为一种濒临消亡的艺术。现在没有计算机几乎没有企业能经营。而普林斯顿大学的研究人员进行了一项研究,以证明在课堂上写笔记和打笔记的学生之间的区别。研究发现打字者并不一定能记住课堂内容,而手写笔记的学生仍然能够记住并理解讲课的概念,对理解新思想也更开放。1.【解析】选F。根据上文Handwritingisquicklybecomingadyingart.Fewbusinesses\ncanrunnowadayswithoutcomputers.可知,书法正迅速成为一种濒临消亡的艺术。现在没有计算机几乎没有企业能经营。由此可知,本句承接上文说明书法在社会中的消失引发人们反思,故F选项“但是,随着书法在社会中的重要性消失,我们又失去了什么呢?”符合上下文语境,故选F。2.【解析】选D。根据上文ResearchersfromPrincetonUniversityconductedastudytodemonstratethedifferencesbetweenstudentswhowroteouttheirnotesandthosewhotypednotesonalecture.可知,普林斯顿大学的研究人员进行了一项研究,以演示在课堂上写笔记和打笔记的学生之间的区别。由此可知,笔记本电脑打出笔记和手写笔记在进行研究,为了证明二者之间的区别,笔记本电脑应当是只能用来打字,才能凸显出二者的区别。故D选项“在这项研究中,笔记本电脑只是用来做笔记”符合上下文语境,故选D。3.【解析】选C。根据后文Thetypershadasignificantedgewhenitcametonote-takingefficiency.可知,打字员在记笔记效率方面有明显的优势。由此可知,本段是在说明打字的好处。故C选项“这并不是说打字没有好处”符合上下文语境,故选C。4.【解析】选A。根据后文Onthetest30minutesafterthelecture,typersandwritersdidmoreorlessequallywellonquestionsaboutthebasicfactsofthelecture,buttypersfellbehindwhenitcametomoreconceptualquestions.可知,在讲座结束后30分钟的测试中,打字者和写作者在关于讲座基本内容的问题上表现得差不多,但在更概念化的问题上,打字者就落后了。由此可知,参与的测试者证明了上文“打字者的大脑不一定能记住课堂上的内容”这一观点。故A选项“参与者参加的测试证明了这一点”符合上下文语境,故选A。5.【解析】选G。根据上文Studentswithhandwrittennoteswereabletorememberandstillunderstandtheconceptsofthelectureafteraweekhadpassed.Theseparticipantswerealsomoreopentounderstandingnewideas.可知,一个星期过去了,手写笔记的学生仍然能够记住并理解讲课的概念。这些参与者对理解新思想也更开放。由此可知,本句在进行总结,论述手写可以让人头脑更聪明。故G选项“显然,手写可以让你变得更聪明”符合上下文语境,故选G。【知识拓展】佳词积累①demonstrate　　　　v.演示②participantsn.参加者③emergev.出现\n④transcribev.抄录Ⅲ.语法填空ChinasentupitsfirstMarsprobe(探测器)Tianwen1onThursday.Itisexpected1._________(reach)theplanetinaboutsevenmonths.ThemissiontoMarsismuch2._________(hard)comparedtothattothemoon.China’sMarsmission,3.__________(design)forthemappingofkeyzonesoftheplanet’ssurface,indicatesthecountry’sspacescienceandtechnology4.__________(progress)rapidlyinthepastyears.Itexpressesthedeterminationandperseverance(毅力)oftheChinesenationinlookingfor5.__________(science)truth. Tianwen1hasimmediatelygrabbedpeople’sattentionafteritslaunch,and6.__________isreportedthatthere’recountlessdiscussionsontopicsrelatedtospaceflightandtheexplorationofouterspace.People’s7.__________(curious)abouttheunknownandthirstforknowledgeare8._________(obvious)arousedwheneverthecountrymakesbreakthroughsinspaceexploration.Andastronauts,scientistsandengineersarebecomingrolemodels9._________moreandmoreyoungpeople.The“Marsfever”thathasbeenarousedshowspeople’sdesiretoknowmoreaboutspace,whichrequiresmoreinnovations(创新)todiscovermoreabouttheuniverse10.__________welive. 【文章大意】中国成功发射“天问一号”火星探测器,该探测器肩负什么重任?这次发射又引发了什么热潮呢?1.【解析】toreach。考查非谓语动词。本句使用了短语expectsb./sth.todo“预料某人/某物做……”的被动结构,故填不定式。2.【解析】harder。考查比较级。根据语境和空后的comparedto“和……相比”可知,此处要用形容词的比较级harder。3.【解析】designed。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,mission后是非限制性定语,design与mission是逻辑上的动宾关系,且此处表示动作已经发生,故用动词的-ed形式。4.【解析】hasprogressed。考查时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语inthepastyears可知,indicates后的宾语从句要用现在完成时。宾语从句的主语是thecountry’sspacescienceandtechnology,应视为单数,故填hasprogressed。注意:此处的progress是动词,\n意为“进步,进展”。5.【解析】scientific。考查形容词。本空作定语修饰名词truth,故用science的形容词形式scientific“科学的”。6.【解析】it。考查形式主语。根据语境可知,此处是“itis+过去分词+that从句”句型,其中it是形式主语,that从句是真正的主语。故填it。7.【解析】curiosity。考查名词。本空与后面的thirst并列作主语,故用名词curiosity。8.【解析】obviously。考查副词。本空所填词修饰谓语动词,应该用副词obviously“显然,明显地”。9.【解析】for。考查介词。此处表示“……的榜样”,此时models与介词for连用,for后面引出对象。10.【解析】where。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,universe后跟了一个定语从句,从句中live是不及物动词,从句缺少地点状语,故填where。Ⅰ.阅读理解(2021·济南模拟)ItwasjustanormaldayforRuthMiller,a63-year-oldwomanuntileverythingwenthorriblywrong.Shewaswalkingtohercaraftershoppingwhentheunthinkablehappened. Rightasshewasunlockinghercar,amanquicklycameupbehindherandtriedtowrestleherpurseaway.Shewasinshock.LuckilysherememberedshehadherSafePersonalAlarm(SPA)onherpurse,andsinceshewastooscaredtoscreamforhelp,shequicklyreachedforthealarmandpulledthepin(保险栓).ImmediatelyherSPAstartedjustscreaming.Themandidn’tknowwhattodo!Hefrozeforasecond,andthenranawaylikeabatoutofhell!SPAisasafetydevicecapableofcreatinga125dbsoundthatattractsattentionandscaresawaypotentialattackers.Tocompare,it’sthesamevolumeasamilitaryjetduringtakeoff.PaulDavidson,theinventorofSPA,knowsalltoowellthetypeofsituationthatRuthfoundherselfin.Butthat’snottheonlytypeofsituationthatSPAhelpsprotectagainst.Parentscangiveittotheirkidsasanextrameansofprotection.\nTeenagerscanuseitsotheycanfeelsafewalkinghome.Womencanknowit’stherewhentheyhavetousetheparkinglotatnight.“Mymother,whois76yearsold,carriesitaroundincaseshefallsandneedstoaskpeopleforhelp.IonlywishI’dhavethoughtofitearlier,”saidPaul.ThepolicehavebeenrecommendingSPAsinceitfirsthitthemarket.Infact,sinceitslaunch,SPAhasbeeninastate,shiftingbetweeninstocktosoldoutnearlyeveryotherweek,andit’salsogottonsofloyalfollowersworldwide.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章以Ruth差点被人抢劫为例子,介绍了SPA这种安全装置,可以发出125分贝的声音,吸引注意力,吓跑潜在的攻击者。SPA可以广泛应用,而且非常受欢迎。1.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“theunthinkable”inParagraph1referto?A.Anattemptedrobbery.B.Awrestlingmatch.C.Anangryargument.D.Acaraccident.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据后文Rightasshewasunlockinghercar,amanquicklycameupbehindherandtriedtowrestleherpurseaway.Shewasinshock.可知,就在她打开车门的时候,一个男人迅速地从她后面过来,试图抢走她的钱包。她震惊了。后来Ruth按响了警报器,男人被吓跑了。由此可知,画线短语指的是“一次抢劫未遂”。故选A。2.HowdidRuthreacttotheunexpectedsituation?A.Shefoughtviolently.B.Shefrozeingreatfear.C.Shecrieddesperatelyforhelp.D.Shesoundedhersafetydevice.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中LuckilysherememberedshehadherSafePersonalAlarm(SPA)onherpurse,andsinceshewastooscaredtoscreamforhelp,shequicklyreachedforthealarmandpulledthepin.可知,幸运的是,她记得她的钱包上有她的安全个人警报器,由于她太害怕了,不敢大声呼救,她迅速伸手去拿警报器,拔下了保险栓。由此可知,对这个意外的情况,Ruth按响了她的安全装置。故选D。3.WhydoesPaulmentionhismother?\nA.Toimplytheelderlyneedmorecare.B.Tosuggesthecaresabouthismother.C.ToshowSPAcanbewidelyused.D.TomakeanadvertisementforSPA.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Parentscangiveittotheirkidsasanextrameansofprotection.Teenagerscanuseitsotheycanfeelsafewalkinghome.Womencanknowit’stherewhentheyhavetousetheparkinglotatnight.可知,父母可以把它给孩子作为额外的保护手段。青少年可以使用它,这样他们在回家的路上会感到安全。女人在晚上不得不使用停车场的时候就知道它的存在。由此可推知,Paul提到他的母亲是为了说明SPA可以广泛应用。故选C。4.Whatcanbelearnedfromthetext?A.SPAiswellreceivedinthemarket.B.Peoplehesitatetopayforsecurity.C.SPAwassoldoutinthefirsttwoweeks.D.SPAisnotimportantinlife.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段中Infact,sinceitslaunch,SPAhasbeeninastate,shiftingbetweeninstocktosoldoutnearlyeveryotherweek,andit’salsogottonsofloyalfollowersworldwide.可知,事实上,自它推出以来,SPA一直处于一种几乎每隔一周就会补一次货状态,而且它在世界各地也有大量的忠实粉丝。由此推知,SPA在市场上很受欢迎。故选A。【知识拓展】长难句分析Shewaswalkingtohercaraftershoppingwhentheunthinkablehappened.翻译:购物后她正在走向她的车,就在这时不可思议的事情发生了。分析:本句是bedoingsth.when...正在做某事,就在这时……。Ⅱ.完形填空(2021·大庆模拟)　　Whenmymotherpassedawayafewyearsago,myfatherwasleftaloneinthelargehousetheyhad　1　for50years.Withouthertowatchoutforhim,hewas　2　aboutwhowouldfindhimand　3　ifsomethinghappened. \n　　MysisterandIliveinotherstates,sowe　4　theideathatDadcouldsendusa(n)　5　everymorningwhenheawoke.Thuswas　6　theMorningReport. 　　Heusuallygetsupatthebreakofdawn,andhishalfadozenorsosentencesare　7　inmyinboxwhenI　8　,althoughthereisatwo-hourtimedifference.　9　there’snoemail,Icallhim,ormysisterdoes,tomakesureeverythingis　10　.Thereportshavebecomemorethanadaily　11　,though:They’readiaryofsorts,aplanningtool,acatalyst(催化剂)formoreextendedconversation,andasourceofinsightintohislife. 　　　12　them,Dadtellsusabouthisdailylife.Hemightbeheadingtothestoreforbananas,goingtohisexerciseclass,orhavinglunchwithfriends. 　　Eache-mail　13　with“Allmylove,Dad.”Whenmymotherwas　14　,thatemotionwasnormally　15　forher.Nowthatsheisgone,hesharesthosefeelingsandhisexperienceswithus.Forme,whatstartedasa　16　securitymeasurehasledtoadeeper　17　. 　　I’m　18　myfatherisstillabletomanagehiscomputerandtheInternet.Iknowthedaywillcomewhenhe’llnolongerbeableto　19　thereports,andwe’llhavetofindotherwaystostayintouch.Butuntilthentheyareourwayofknowingthatanother　20　dayhasbegun. 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了母亲去世之后,作者用电子邮件和父亲保持联系的故事。1.A.built　　B.left　　C.shared　　D.expected【解析】选C。built建立;left离开;shared分享,共用;expected期望。根据上文“myfatherwasleftaloneinthelargehouse”可知父亲父亲独自住在他们共同居住了50年的大房子里。故答案为C。2.A.particularB.concernedC.confusedD.curious【解析】选B。particular特别的;concerned关心的;confused疑惑的;curious好奇的。根据前文“Withouthertowatchoutforhim,没有她照顾他,”可知在没有母亲照顾的情况下,父亲担心如果发生了什么事,谁会找到他并帮助他。故答案为B。3.A.watchB.visitC.serveD.help\n【解析】选D。watch观看(比赛、节目);visit参观、访问;serve服务;help帮助。根据下文“ifsomethinghappened”可知此处指如果有什么事发生,谁会帮助他,故答案为D。4.A.hitonB.letoutC.pickedoutD.searchedfor【解析】选A。hiton偶然发现;letout放出,泄露;pickedout挑选出;searchedfor寻找。根据前文“MysisterandIliveinotherstates,”可知我和妹妹离父亲比较远,所以我们想到发电子邮件的方式,故答案为A。5.A.diaryB.emailC.cardD.picture【解析】选B。diary日记;email电子邮件;card卡片;picture图画,照片。根据下文inmyinbox所以此处指发电子邮件报平安,故答案为B。6.A.bornB.heardC.presentedD.accepted【解析】选A。born出生,产生;heard听见;presented呈现;accepted接受。根据前文要求父亲每天早上发一封邮件等细节,可知此时产生了每天早上报平安,故答案为A。7.A.formingB.hidingC.breakingD.waiting【解析】选D。forming形成;hiding隐藏;breaking打破;waiting等待。根据前文“He’susuallyupatthebreakofdawn,”可知父亲早早起来给我发了邮件,此处指邮件在信箱里等着我,故答案为D。8.A.dressupB.getinC.wakeupD.goaway【解析】选C。dressup打扮;getin进入,到达;wakeup醒来;goaway离开。由前文可知父亲起来早给我发邮件,而此时我还没有醒来,故答案为C。9.A.IfB.UntilC.ThoughD.Since【解析】选A。if如果;until直到;though尽管;since自从。根据下文“there’snoemail,Icallhim,ormysisterdoes,tomakesureeverythingis　　　”可知此处表示如果没有收到邮件,我会打电话,故答案为A。 10.A.clearB.fineC.readyD.safe【解析】选B。句意:如果没有邮件,我会给他或妹妹打电话,确保一切都好。clear清楚的,干净的;fine好的;ready准备好的;safe安全的。根据前文我让父亲每天发邮件就是为了报平安。故答案为B。11.A.meetingB.check\nC.trainingD.lesson【解析】选B。句意:这些报告已经不仅仅是每天的检查了。meeting会议;check检查,支票;training训练;lesson课,教训。根据前文我让父亲发邮件报平安的细节描述可知这是一种检查一切是否都好的方式,故答案为B。12.A.BehindB.AfterC.BesidesD.Through【解析】选D。behind在……后面(位置);after在……之后(时间);besides除……之外(还有);through通过。根据下文“Dadtellsusabouthisdailylife爸爸告诉我们他的日常生活。”可知此处是指通过邮件告诉我们他的日常生活,故答案为D。13.A.passesB.returnsC.endsD.works【解析】选C。passes传递,通过;returns返回,归还;ends结束;works工作。根据“Allmylove,Dad.”可知此处是指邮件以这句话结尾,故答案为C。14.A.aliveB.sickC.asleepD.young【解析】选A。alive活着的;sick生病的;asleep睡着的;young年轻的。根据前文“mymotherpassedawayafewyearsago”可知此处是指母亲活着的时候,故答案为A。15.A.controlledB.replacedC.reservedD.changed【解析】选C。controlled控制;replaced代替;reserved保留;changed改变。根据下文“Nowthatsheisgone,hesharesthosefeelingsandhisexperienceswithus.”可知母亲在世时,她很关心父亲,父亲的日常也留给母亲分享,故答案为C。16.A.commonB.popularC.funnyD.simple【解析】选D。common共同的,普通的;popular流行的,受欢迎的;funny有趣的;simple简单的。根据前文作者让父亲发邮件的细节描述可知这是一个简单的确保父亲一切都好的方式,故答案为D。17.A.truthB.closenessC.senseD.view【解析】选B。truth真相;closeness亲密感;sense感觉;view观察,视野。根据前文“They’readiaryofsorts,aplanningtool,acatalystformoreextended\nconversation,andasourceofinsightintohislife.这是一本日记,一个计划工具,一个扩展交谈的催化剂,一个洞察他生活的来源。”可知发邮件的方式让我们更了解父亲,让我们的关系更亲密,故答案为B。18.A.gratefulB.proudC.hopefulD.surprised【解析】选A。grateful感激的;proud骄傲的;hopeful有希望的;surprised惊讶的。父亲会使用电脑,才能给我们写邮件分享日常,所以作者对此表示感激和庆幸,故答案为A。19.A.readB.discussC.writeD.receive【解析】选C。read读;discuss讨论;write写;receive接收。根据we’llhavetofindotherwaystostayintouch可知,作者知道有一天他再也不能写邮件了。故答案为C。20.A.differentB.busyC.importantD.normal【解析】选D。句意:我们得想别的办法保持联系。到那个时候,它们是我们知道另一个普通的一天已经开始的方式。different不同的;busy忙碌的;important重要的;normal普通的,正常的。根据前文“Dadtellsusabouthisdailylife”可知父亲与我们分享的是普通的日常生活。故答案为D。Ⅲ.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。Whenholidaysdrawnearly,peopleusuallygreetedeachotherinavarietyofways.Somepeopleoftengoonthelineandsende-mailsorelectroniccardstotheirfriends,relativesandteachersthatothersprefertomakephonecallsorsendshortmessagesbymobilephone.Inaword,peoplechoosedifferentlytoexchangetheirbestwishduringourholidays.Astome,I’dlikesende-mailsorelectroniccards.First,itcostslittle\nandnomoney.What’smore,alotofpaperissaving,whichisenvironmentallyfriendly.\n答案:Whenholidaysdrawnearly,peopleusuallygreetedeachotherinavarietyofways.Somepeopleoftengoonthelineandsende-mailsorelectroniccardstotheirfriends,relativesandteachersthatothersprefertomakephonecallsorsendshortmessagesbymobilephone.Inaword,peoplechoosedifferentlytoexchangetheirbestwishduringourholidays.Astome,I’dlikesende-mailsorelectroniccards.First,itcostslittleandnomoney.What’smore,alotofpaperissaving,whichisenvironmentallyfriendly.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。描述了人们在节日中选择各种各样的方式来相互问候。一些人经常上网,发送电子邮件或电子贺卡给他们的朋友、亲戚和老师,而其他人更喜欢打电话或通过手机发送短信。1.【解析】第一句nearly→near。考查副词。句意:当节日临近时,人们通常用各种各样的方式互相问候。表示“接近”应用near,nearly为“差不多”,故nearly改为near。2.【解析】第一句greeted→greet。考查动词时态。根据上文usually可知为描述一般客观事实应用一般现在时,故greeted改为greet。3.【解析】第二句去掉the。考查冠词。短语goonline“上网”中间不需要冠词,故去掉the。4.【解析】第二句that→while。考查连接词。句意:一些人经常上网,发送电子邮件或电子贺卡给他们的朋友、亲戚和老师,而其他人更喜欢打电话或通过手机发送短信。表示前后的对比应用连接词while,故that改为while。5.【解析】第三句wish→wishes。考查名词的数。wish表示“祝愿”为可数名词,且由their修饰故用复数形式wishes。6.【解析】第三句our→their。考查形容词性物主代词。句意:总之,人们在他们的假期期间选择不同的方式来交换他们最美好的祝愿。根据句意可知,指代第三人称复数应用their。7.【解析】第四句to→for。考查介词。短语asforsb.“至于某人”,故to改为for。8.【解析】第四句like后加to。考查介词。短语wouldliketodosth.“想要做某事”,故like后添加to。9.【解析】第五句and→or。考查连词。句意:首先,发电子邮件或电子贺卡花费很少的钱或者不花钱。表示“或者”用or。\n10.【解析】第六句saving→saved。考查被动语态。句意:节省了大量的纸张,这是环保的。本句主语paper与谓语动词save构成被动语态,故应用过去分词,saving改为saved。Ⅳ.书面表达　　假如你是校学生会主席李华,你校原定于本星期五下午在105室举办的英语演讲比赛(EnglishContest)因故需更改时间和地点。请你写一封电子邮件通知评委中的外教MrsWhite,内容包括:　　1.比赛更改原因;　　2.更改后的安排;　　3.表达歉意。　　注意:　　1.词数100左右;　　2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】DearMrsWhite,　　I’mwritingtoinformyouthattherewillbesomechangesabouttheEnglishContestintendedtobeheldthisFridayafternoonbecausetheplaceisnotenoughtoholdtoomanystudentswhoareeagertoparticipateinthisactivity.　　Asaresult,wehavetostartthecontestearlierat8:30onFridaymorninginsteadof2:00intheafternoon.Moreover,thecontestwillheheldintheLectureHallratherthanRoom105becauseitcanholdmorepeople.　　Wedofeelsorryforthechangeasitmaybringsomeinconveniencetoyou.Anyway,wearelookingforwardtoseeingyouonFridaymorning.Yours,LiHua