2022外研版英语大一轮复习练习必修三Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia（附解析）

课后双卷·练透提能得分点A卷　单元语基巩固卷Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thetradeagreementhelped(to)strengthen(strength)thebondsbetweenthetwocountries.2．Concerned(concern)aboutthehealthofherson，Mrs.Jacksonwenttoschooltovisithimeveryweek.3．Itisurgentthatfoodandclothing(should)besent(send)tothesufferers.4．Althoughbuilt(build)tenyearsago，thehousestilllooksnew.5．InChina，masses(mass)ofgraduatesgoabroadtohaveafurtherstudyeveryyear.6．Conditionsweresobadthatitwasimpossibleforhimtofindthetrailagain.7．Themeetingtobeheld(hold)tomorrowisimportant.8．Ididn'tmeantoeatanythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn'thelptrying(try)it.9．Theflowersgiveoutasweetsmell，whichmakesusrelaxed.10．Bigsportingevents，concertsandexhibitionscanincreasethecostofaccommodationandmakeithardertofindaroom.Ⅱ.选词填空cutdown;oneafteranother;takein;giveout;inanutshellIt'sgenerallyagreedthattreesdoalotofgoodtotheenvironment.They1.takeincarbondioxideand2.giveoutoxygen.3.Inanutshell，ifwekeepon4.cuttingdowntrees，disasterslikesandstormsarelikelytocome5.oneafteranother．becaughtin;haveabadeffecton;lookthrough;asaresultofNowadaysthenumberofelectricbikesisrisingrapidly，which6.hasabadeffectontheroadsafety.Oftenwe7.arecaughtinthetrafficjam8.asaresultofelectricbikedriversnotobeyingtrafficrules.Andifwe9.lookthroughnewspapers，wecanoftenseeaccidentscausedbyelectricbikes.Ⅲ.完成句子1．老师似乎已经知道汤姆发生了什么事。TheteacherappearedtohaveknownwhathadhappenedtoTom.2．一天晚上当我握住爸爸的手时，我不禁注意到他手上的老茧和粗糙。AsIheldmyfather'shandsonenight，Icouldn'thelpbutnoticetheircallusesandroughness. 3．教授说得太快，使得学生很难跟上他。Theprofessorspokeveryfast，makingitdifficultforthestudentstofollowhim．4．就我个人而言，必须做些什么来阻止这种非法行为。AsfarasIamconcerned，somethingmustbedonetostoptheillegalaction.5．我花费很长时间才理解了你的话。Ittookmealongtimetotakeinwhatyousaid．6．天气是如此好以至于我们决定出去散散步。Itwassuchgoodweatherthatwedecidedtogooutforawalk.Ⅳ.片段写作——用本单元知识完成小作文完成片段作文词汇句式升级　　Nowanincreasingnumberofpeoplecareabouttheenvironmentalprotection.Theyhaverealizedthatatmospherepollutionhasabadeffectonpeople'shealth(大气污染对人们的健康有坏影响).①Insomeplaces，thepollutionisveryserious，andmakesithardforthemtobreathefreshair(使得他们很难呼吸到新鲜空气).Inmyopinion，inordertoprotecttheenvironment(为了保护环境)，weshouldstartamasscampaignratherthancomplain(发起一场群众运动，而不是抱怨).Foronething，thegovernmentshouldberequiredtoshutfactorieswhichgiveout(放出)poisonouswaste.②Foranother，ifitispossible，weshouldplantmoretreestotakein(吸收)CO2andgiveoutoxygen.1.用本单元高级词汇替换加黑单词或短语(1)careabout→areconcernedabout(2)Inmyopinion→AsfarasI'mconcerned(3)required→urged2．按要求改写句式(1)用分词作结果状语升级句①Insomeplaces，thepollutionisveryserious，makingithardforthemtobreathefreshair.(2)用省略句升级句②Foranother，ifpossible，weshouldplantmoretreestotakeinCO2andgiveoutoxygen.B卷　高考题型组合卷　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Ⅰ.阅读理解A语篇类型记叙文　主题语境人与自我——个人经历——作者在沙尘暴中勇敢地救出了父亲 (2020·沈阳市高三质量监测)MamaandIspendmorningscleaningupthedirtthatblowsintoourhouse.Mamasaysallthedustisduetothedrought.Thedirtcoverseverything.Itcoversourclothes.Wehavetowashthedishesbeforeeachmeal.WerarelydrivethetruckbecausePapafearsthedustfromtheroadwillruinthemotor.Whenmysister，Faye，andIwalktoschoolwewearkerchiefsoverourmouthssowedon'tbreatheinthedirt.Ondayswhentheairissobadthattheyclosetheschool，westayathomeandhelpMamaputwetsheetsoverthewindows.Butthedirtalwaysfindsawayin.LastSunday，therewasnodirtintheair，onlybrightspringsunshineandaclearbluesky.Afterlunch，PapaheadedouttothefieldtocheckonthecattlewhileIplayedwithFayeintheyard.Thetemperaturesuddenlydropped.Ilookedtothewestandsawahugeblackcloudofdust.Allthebirdsflewaway.“ImustwarnPapa，”Ithoughttomyself.Toavoidherpanicking，IgentlytoldFayetogobackinsidewhereshewouldbesafe，andthenheadedofftothefield.Thestormhitsofast，andinaninstantthedayturnedintonight.BythetimeIenteredthecowfieldthefinesandwaswhippingacrossmyface.IscreamedforPapa，hopingmyvoicewouldleadhimback.Thedirtandsandstungmyskinlikeathousandbees.AlthoughIwasterrified，Irefusedtoturnback.Mydadwasstrandedandneededmyhelp.Coveringmyfacewithonehand，Igropedmywaytowardthetruckandopenedthedoor.FirstItriedturningthetruck'slightsonandoff，hopingthatPapawouldseethemflashing，butthesandstormletnolightescape.ThenIpushedthehornagainandagain，soPapawouldhearit.IpusheduntilIhadnomorestrengthinmyarms.Suddenly，Papa'sfaceappearedatthewindow.Myheartleapedwithsurpriseandrelief.Heopenedthedoorandclimbedontotheseatnexttome.Hethenpulledmeintohisarmsandsaid，“Oh，Iris，yousavedme！”Finally，thewindsubsidedandthedustbegantosettle.Dirtwaspileduptothewindowononesideofthetruckandhalfwayupthedoorontheother.Papakickedthedoor，openingitfarenoughtoletusout.Sandandsoildriftswereeverywhere，butweweresafe.文章大意：该文讲述了在一个风沙蔽日的周日午后，作者勇敢地闯入沙尘暴通过闪车灯和按喇叭的方式提醒父亲到车里躲避并最终救出了父亲。1．Whatisthemainfunctionofthefirsttwoparagraphs? A．Itdescribesaproblemthecharactersmustsolve.B．Itestablishesthesettingwherethestorytakesplace.C．Itintroducesthecharactersthatarerelatedtothestory.D．Itexplainsthemotivationsforthecharacters'lateractions.解析：B　考查写作意图。下文讲述了作者的英勇事迹，而第一、二段讲述的是该故事发生之前的天气状况，旨在给故事提供背景，故选B。2．WhydidPapagotothefieldthatSunday?A．Hewastryingtogettohistruck.B．Heneededtopreparethefieldforharvest.C．Hewantedtomakesurethecattlewerefine.D．Heplannedtobringthecattleinbeforethestorm.解析：C　考查细节理解。根据第三段第二句“Afterlunch，Papaheadedouttothefieldtocheckonthecattle”可知，父亲那个周日去牧场是为了核实牛的情况是否正常，故C项正确。3．HowdidIrissaveherfather?A．Bywarninghimtorunaway.B．Byturningonthetruck'slights.C．Byguidinghimtowardstheshelter.D．Byscreaminghisnameatthetopofhervoice.解析：C　考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“FirstItriedturningthetruck'slightsonandoff，hopingthatPapawouldseethemflashing，butthesandstormletnolightescape.ThenIpushedthehornagainandagain，soPapawouldhearit.”可知，作者通过不断地闪车灯和按喇叭的方式引导父亲来卡车这个临时庇护处躲避沙尘暴，故选C。4．WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeIris?A．Braveandcalm.B．Experiencedandconfident.C．Adventurousandcareful.D．Fearlessandsympathetic.解析：A　考查推理判断。根据第三段尾句以及第五段描述的作者尝试各种方式将父亲引到车里躲避可知，作者是冷静的；根据第五段第二、三句可知，尽管作者很害怕，但她还是冲进沙尘暴去帮助父亲，由此可知作者是勇敢的，故A项正确。 【词汇积累】　blowintosth.突然进入　panic(panicking，panicked)v．惊慌　fineadj.颗粒细微的　whipv．猛烈移动　strandv．使滞留　gropev．摸索着往前走　subsidev．平息；减弱B语篇类型说明文　主题语境人与自然——宇宙奥秘——宇宙中的星系GALAXIESOFTHEUNIVERSE　　Galaxiesarehugegroupingsofstars，planets，gas，anddust.OursunisintheMilkyWay，whichmeasuresabout100，000lightyearsacross.Thatlongthinmilkybrightshapeacrossthemiddleofthenightskyismadeupofabouthundredsofbillionsofstarsinourgalaxy.Ourgalaxyisaspiral(螺旋式的)galaxy，butthereareothertypes.TheMilkyWayisonlyonegalaxyamongafewhundredmilliongalaxiesinouruniverse(eachwithhundredsofbillionsofstars).SPIRALGALAXIES：Therearegalaxiesthathavespiralarmsthatemergefromthecenter.OursolarsystemislocatedononeofthearmsoftheMilkyWay.Ourgalaxyhasahugeblackholeatitscenterthatbillionsofstarsrevolvearound.ELLIPTICALGALAXIES：Therearegalaxiesshapedlikeahugeegg.Thestarsinthesegalaxiestendtobeveryold.Furthermore，theoldstarsinellipticalgalaxiestendtobeyellowandreddish，whichaccordingtoourunderstandingofstellarevolution，meanstheyaresmaller，dimmerstars.IRREGULARGALAXIES：Therearemanyothershapesofgalaxiesthataren'tspiralorelliptical.Theyallfitintotheirregularcategory.Theyaresmallerthanspiralgalaxies.LiketheLargeandSmallMagellanicClouds，theyhaveratherunusuallookingshapes.文章大意：本文主要介绍了银河系以及宇宙中的星系类别——旋涡星系、椭圆星系和不规则星系。 5．WhichisTRUEabouttheMilkyWay?A.Thereareonlystarsinsideit.B.Thereisablackholeatitscenter.C.It'sthebiggestspiralgalaxyintheuniverse.D.Ittakes100，000yearstogettherefromEarth.解析：B　考查细节理解。根据SPIRALGALAXIES中的“Ourgalaxyhasahugeblackholeatitscenter”可知，B选项正确。6．Whichofthefollowingisthemainfactorincategorizinggalaxies?A.Shape.B.Size.C.Thenumberofstars.D.Distancefromthesun.解析：A　考查推理判断。根据文中的SPIRALGALAXIES，ELLIPTICALGALAXIES和IRREGULARGALAXIES可推知，区分星系类别的主要因素是形状，故选A。7．Whichofthefollowinggalaxiescanbeclassifiedasanirregulargalaxy?A.TheWhaleGalaxy—shapedlikeawhaleandsimilartotheMilkyWayinsize.B.CygnusA(3C405)—thebrightesteggshapewecanobserve.C.TheCigarGalaxy—alongandnarrowgalaxythatlookslikeanashycloud.D.TheSunflowerGalaxy—agalaxywithmultiplearmsradiatingfromitsbrightcore.解析：C　考查推理判断。本题问的是以下哪个星系可以归为不规则星系类别，根据IRREGULARGALAXIES中不规则星系的定义，并根据选项中的“alongandnarrowgalaxythatlookslikeanashycloud”可知，雪茄星系不是椭圆形的，也不是螺旋形的，所以雪茄星系是一个不规则星系，故选C。【词汇积累】　measurev．量度为　lightyearn．光年　emergev．出现　revolvearound/roundsth.绕……旋转fitv．与……一致，和……相称，符合Ⅱ.七选五语篇类型说明文　主题语境人与社会——科学与艺术——达·芬奇与自然科学 　　(2020·北京市高考适应性测试)LeonardodaVinciandNatureInthemodernworld，artandsciencearetwoveryseparateactivities，butinLeonardo'stimetheywerecloselyconnected.Sciencemeantmathematicsandmedicalstudies.1.Mathematicsincludedpracticalworklikesurveyinglandformakingmapsaswellasmeasuringthemovementsofthestarsinthesky.Anartistmightneedtomeasurethedifferentpartsofthebody.Hecouldalsousemathematicstoplacethingsproperlyinadrawingorpaintingsothescenelookedcorrect.2.Mathematicswasalsoconnectedtomusicbecausemusicalsoundshaveafixedrelationshipwitheachotherthatcanbedescribedinnumbers.3.Morethanthis，though，Leonardobelievedthatnumberswereapartofallthingsintheworld，includingmusic，andhesaidthatwithoutthemnothingcanbedone.“Naturehaskindlygivenusthingseverywheretocopy，”wroteLeonardo.Inallhisactivities，Leonardowastryingtodiscovertherulesthatcontrolnature.Inhissearchforthoserules，helookedverycarefullyatalotofexamplesanddetails.Anactualexperiencewasmoreimportanttohimthanopinion，andheworkedfromfactstoideas.4.Hispurposewastoexaminetheworldsohecouldcopyitinbeautifulpaintingsandsculptures.Healsowantedtolearnfromthecleversolutionsofnature.5．Hisquicklittlesketches，oftendonewhilewanderingoutside，helpedhimtocatchamovementorashape.Morecarefuldrawingswouldbedoneatadeskwithapenandruler.InJuly2001，asmalldrawingbyLeonardowassoldfor$12million.Itwaspossiblythemostexpensivedrawingintheworldthen.A．Leonardowasalwaysdrawing.B．Howcouldthesebeconnectedwithart?C．Leonardo'sideaswerevastlyaheadofhistime.D．Mathematiciansanddoctorsworkedtodiscovertheunknown.E．Aboveall，Leonardowantedtounderstandhowandwhythingsworked.F．YouwillseeagoodexampleofsuchpositioninginthepaintingofTheLastSupper.G．Leonardohimselfwasaverygoodmusicianandlikedtoplayaninstrumentandsing.文章大意：本文主要通过分析科学与艺术之间的关系，介绍了达·芬奇是如何将有关科学 与自然的知识应用到绘画等艺术创作中的。1．解析：B　根据该空前的“Sciencemeantmathematicsandmedicalstudies”及该空后面所讲的艺术家将数学知识的运用到绘画中，并结合第二段首句中的“Mathematicswasalsoconnectedtomusic”可知，B项与此处匹配。2．解析：F　根据上文中的“usemathematicstoplacethingsproperlyinadrawingorpainting”可知，这里讲的是在绘画中，艺术家用数学知识来恰当地设置画中事物的位置，这与F项中的“suchpositioninginthepainting”相呼应，故选F。3．解析：G　根据上文中的“musicalsoundshave...describedinnumbers”以及下文中的“Leonardobelievedthat...includingmusic”可知，此处讲的是达·芬奇与音乐之间的关系，故选G。4．解析：E　根据上文中的“Leonardowastryingto...heworkedfromfactstoideas”以及下文中的“Hispurposewastoexaminetheworld...tolearnfromthecleversolutionsofnature.”可知，此处讲的是达·芬奇想要搞清楚自然界的运作原理，并且他的目的在于把从自然界观察到的东西应用到绘画等艺术创作中去，故E项符合语境。5．解析：A　根据下文中的“Hisquicklittlesketches”以及“Morecarefuldrawings”可知，本段主要讲的是达·芬奇无论是在户外还是在室内总是在画画，故选A。Ⅲ.语法填空语篇类型说明文　主题语境人与社会——社会热点问题——新型冠状病毒的传播途径及预防方法　　(2020·成都市高中第一次诊断)Thenovelcoronaviruspneumonia，nowofficiallycalledCOVID19，isanew1.(ill)causedbythevirus2019nCoVandscientistsarestillstudyingthebestwaystocontrolit.DefeatingCOVID19，2.，isnotonlythejobofscientistsanddoctors.Peoplehaveanimportantroletoplayinthebattle.Thebestwaytohelppreventthevirusfrom3.(spread)isbyprotectingyourselfandstayinghealthy.Scientistsarenowsurethatthevirusispassedbetweenpeoplethroughcoughingandsneezing.Thevirustravelsthroughtheairandcanbebreathedinbypeoplenearby.Itmayalsoland4.surfacessuchastablesandchairs.Ifthesesurfaces5.(touch)，thevirusmaybeonyourhands.Touchingyoureyesormouthwith6.(wash)handscanletthevirusenteryourbody. 7．(protect)yourselfandothers，wearamaskatalltimeswhenyouareout.Thisstopshealthypeoplefrombreathinginthevirusand8.(reduce)theamountofthevirusthatsickpeoplesendintotheair.Mostimportantly，washyourhandscarefullyandfrequently，especially9.youareoutside.COVID19isundoubtedlyaserioussocialchallenge，butifweallbehave10.(responsible)，itisonethatwecanovercome.文章大意：新型冠状病毒肺炎是由新型冠状病毒引起的一种新型疾病，科学家们仍在研究控制这种疾病的方法。该病毒在人与人之间传播并可能附着在物体表面；为了保护自己和他人，我们应该勤洗手、戴口罩，人人参与，共战疫情。1．解析：illness　考查词形转换。根据空前的冠词“a”以及形容词“new”可知，此处要用名词形式，故填illness。2．解析：however　考查副词。根据下文中的“Peoplehaveanimportantroletoplayinthebattle”可知，战胜COVID19不仅仅是科学家与医生的工作，人们也要在这场战疫中发挥重要作用，故此处要填表示转折的副词，故填however。3．解析：spreading　考查非谓语动词。preventsth.fromdoingsth.意为“阻止某物做某事”，为固定用法，故填spreading。4．解析：on　考查介词。根据空后的“surfaces”和语境可知，此处应用介词on，表示病毒也可能会落在诸如桌子和椅子之类的表面上。5．解析：aretouched　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处的“surfaces”与动词touch之间为被动关系，故要用被动语态，且这里讲的是客观存在的情况，且主语为复数，故要用一般现在时的被动语态，故填aretouched。6．解析：unwashed　考查词形转换。只有接触过病毒的手未被清洗的时候，上面的病毒才有可能被传播到其他地方，故填unwashed“未洗涤的”。7．解析：Toprotect　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式短语“Toprotectyourselfandothers”作目的状语。8．解析：reduces　考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空处与本句前半部分中的“stops”为并列关系，都作句子的谓语，故填reduces。9．解析：when/while/if　考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导时间状语从句或条件状语从句，表示当你在外面的时候或如果你在外面，故填when/while/if。10．解析：responsibly　考查词形转换。修饰动词“behave”要用副词，故填responsibly。