适用于新高考新教材2024版高考英语二轮复习专项能力提升练阅读理解考点分类练4推理判断题2（附解析）

考点分类练(四)　推理判断题(2)(限时:25分钟)Passage1(2023安徽淮南二模)FromthetimeIwasayounggirl,allIwantedwastoplayoutside.Iusedtheferns(蕨类植物)inmychildhoodbackyardtoraisemyselfupmuddyPacificNorthwestslopes(斜坡),satbytheedgeoftheproperty’swoodedstreamandimagineditwasawindingriver.Hourswerespentonhorseback,preparedwithbagsandsnackstoridethesamepathoverandover,alwaysdreamingupanewexperience.Asanadult,myinterestsareconsistent,thoughthelandscapehasshifted.Forthelastfouryears,IhavehadtheopportunitytoexploreourEarth’smostremotecoldwaterlocationsasanunderwatervideographerandocean-focusednaturalist,developinganappreciationandunderstandingforchallengingcornersoftheglobe.ThoughmytravelshavetakenmefromAntarcticatotheArctic,it’sthetemperatein-betweenthatcaptivatesme.Duringthelastfouryears,SoutheastAlaska,particularlytheInianIslandsinitsincrediblewildnessandproductivity,hasstolenmyattention.MynameisAlyssaAdler,IamtheInianIslandsInstitute’s2019ScientistinResidenceandNationalGeographicgrantrecipientforprojectTallTreesinColdSeas.ThenaturalbeautyoftheIniansispure,buttheenvironmentworksforit.Massiverushingtides(潮水)floodtheHobbitHoletwicedaily,likeanangryriver.SometimesIlearnsomemeaningfulandusefullessonsthehardway.TransportationofextensivediveequipmentrequiredthehelpofpeopleinKetchikan,Gustavusandotherplaces.Theselessonsonlyallowmyrespectforthisregiontothefull,teachingmehowtobesuccessful.IneedtolearnandunderstandthepowerandnetworkofSoutheastAlaska,bothinthewaterandout.It’sallworthittorollintothesaltyPacificOcean,turnonmycamerasasIsinktotheseafloor,andshinemylightsonearlyspringintheInianIslands.1.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Toshareanamazingstory.B.Tointroduceauniqueplant. C.Tosuggestaspecialriver.D.Toexplaintheauthor’swish.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“captivate”meaninparagraph2?A.Surprise.　　B.Discourage.C.Worry.D.Attract.3.WhatdoyouthinkofAlyssaAdler’sjob?A.Boring.B.Demanding.C.Challenging.D.Well-paid.4.Whatmessagedoesthetextconvey?A.Lovebreaksdownbarriers.B.Hardworkfinallypaysoff.C.Upsanddownsmakeonestrong.D.Enthusiasmfuelsdevotion.Passage2(2023广东湛江二模)AsyouwalkaroundtheUKinMarch,youmightnoticethatsomepeoplearewearingadaffodil(水仙花)ontheircoats.TheBritishweartheseyellowflowerstoshowtheysupportoneofthiscountry’sbest-knowncharities:theMarieCurieCancerCare.TheMarieCurieCancerCaretriestoensureeveryonediagnosedwithcanceriscaredforinthebestpossibleway.Italsohelpsfundresearchintopossiblecuresthroughotherorganizations.Foundedin1948,ithasbeencontinuingwithitsgoaleversince.ThecharitywasnamedafterMarieCurie,arenownedscientist.Sheexperimentedwithnewly-discoveredelementstocreatethetheoryofradioactivity.Unfortunately,over-exposuretotheradioactiveelementsmadeherdevelopadiseaseanddiein1934.MarieCuriewontheNobelPrizeintwodifferentfields.Becauseofherpioneeringworkwhichledtochemotherapy(化学疗法),thecharitysharedthenameofMarieCurie.ThedaffodilisoneofthefirstplantstoflowerduringspringintheUK,whichmarksthereturnoffloweringplantstotheecosystemafterwinter.Becauseofthis,thecharityusesthedaffodilasametaphorforbringinglifetootherpeoplethroughcharitablegiving. Everyoneyouseewearingadaffodilhasdonatedmoneytothecharity,buteachdaffodilisworthonlywhatyouwanttopayforit.Thecharitydoesaskthatyousticktoaminimumamountof￡1.ThecharityencouragespeopletostartwearingtheirdaffodilsatthestartofMarch,whenthe“GreatDaffodilAppeal”kicksoff.Butthatdoesn’tmeanyoucanonlyweartheminMarch.Peoplearesometimesseenwalkingaroundwithdaffodilsontheirclothesallyearround.5.WhatdoesitmeanwhentheBritishwearadaffodilontheircoats?A.Theysupportacharity.B.Theyarerecoveringfromcancer.C.They’vebeenhelpedbyacharity.D.They’vebeendiagnosedwithcancer.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“renowned”inparagraph3mean?A.Beautiful.B.Modest.C.Famous.D.Humorous.7.WhywasthecharitynamedafterMarieCurie?A.Becausepatientsrequiredthat.B.Becauseitwaslaunchedbyher.C.Becauseshegreatlysupportedit.D.Becauseitcouldshowrespectforher.8.Whatcanwelearnaboutthedaffodilfromthetext?A.Itcanbeusedasmedicine.B.It’sthoughttostandforhope.C.It’swidelywornworldwide.D.It’ssoldtothewearersatahighprice.Passage3(2023辽宁鞍山二模)Wehavelongbeenattractedbyquicksolutionsthatcouldincreaseourintelligence.Today,people’shopeslieinbraintrainingapps,someofwhichclaimtoresultin“smarterminds”.Butisthisquicksolutionallitissaidtobe?Thereareplentyofbraintrainingapps,buttheyallsharethesamecharacteristics:theyturnmentalexerciseslikesimplearithmetic(算术),memorytests andlogicandpattern-matchingproblemsintoquickgames.Someappstellusthatthemoreyouplaythesemini-games,thesmarteryouwillget.Itisreallyabigpromise.Manyoftheappssaytheyarebasedon“science”,aclaimIfoundsurprisingasaformerneuroscientist(神经系统科学家).Theconceptthatincreasingintelligencewouldbeassimpleaspracticingafewmini-gameseverydayfliesinthefaceofwhatwehavediscoveredabouthowhumansthinkandlearn. Aftersurveyingthousandsofusersacrossawidevarietyofapps,researchersatWesternUniversityinCanadadiscoveredthatbraintraininghadnogreateffectoncognitive(认知的)functioningintherealworld.Thepositiveeffectsthathavebeenfoundarelimitedtotheveryspecificmini-gamesandtasksthatusersaretrainedon,suchastheabilitytomemorizelistsofwordsornumbers,orperformmentalarithmetic,withlittlebenefittootherskills.Ifyouareexpectingthemtoimproveyourabilitytowriteanovelormakeacomplexcomputerprogram,Iamafraidyouwillwanttolookelsewhere.Puzzlevideogamessuchas“BabaIsYou”and“ReturnoftheObraDinn”,seeplayersapplytheirskillatlogic,memoryandconcentrationinafarmorecomplexwaythananybraintrainingmini-game.9.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutbraintrainingapps?A.Theyhavescientificsupport.B.Theyworkintheformofgames.C.Theyrequireproblem-solvingskills.D.Theyarebasedoncomplexarithmetic.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“fliesinthefaceof”inparagraph3mean?A.Goesintodetailsof.B.Takesadvantageof.C.Goesagainst.D.Comesfrom.11.Whichbestdescribestheeffectsthatbraintrainingappshaveonmemory?A.Limited.B.Indirect.C.Damaging.D.Far-reaching.12.Whatistheauthor’sattitudeto“BabaIsYou”?A.Doubtful.B.Intolerant. C.Uninterested.D.Favorable.答案：考点分类练(四)　推理判断题(2)Passage1[语篇解读]本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者讲述了自己对于工作的热情,尽管工作充满挑战,仍旧充满激情。1.D　推理判断题。根据第一段中“FromthetimeIwasayounggirl...satbytheedgeoftheproperty’swoodedstreamandimagineditwasawindingriver.”可知,本段主要讲述了作者的愿望,其目的是解释作者的愿望。2.D　词义猜测题。根据第二段的“ThoughmytravelshavetakenmefromAntarcticatotheArctic”可知,主从句是转折关系,因此推断此处意为“吸引我的是中间的温和性”。故画线词与D项“吸引”意思相近。3.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“SometimesIlearnsomemeaningfulandusefullessonsthehard...seafloor,andshinemylightsonearlyspringintheInianIslands.”可知,AlyssaAdler工作不容易,有时候很艰难。由此推知,AlyssaAdler的工作具有挑战性。4.D　推理判断题。根据第二段的“Hourswerespentonhorseback,preparedwithbagsandsnackstoridethesamepathoverandover,alwaysdreamingupanewexperience.Asanadult,myinterestsareconsistent,thoughthelandscapehasshifted.”可知,作者对旅行充满激情;结合第三段的“It’sallworthittorollintothesaltyPacificOcean,turnonmycamerasasIsinktotheseafloor,andshinemylightsonearlyspringintheInianIslands.”可推断,作者对工作的激情激发了奉献精神。Passage2[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。在三月,很多英国人会戴着水仙花,以此来表示他们支持一个慈善机构:玛丽·居里癌症护理中心。文章介绍了该慈善机构,科学家居里夫人及其成就。5.A　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“TheBritishweartheseyellowflowerstoshowtheysupportoneofthiscountry’sbest-knowncharities:theMarieCurieCancerCare.”可知,英国人在外套上戴水仙花代表支持一个慈善机构。 6.C　词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“ThecharitywasnamedafterMarieCurie,”和后文“Becauseofherpioneeringworkwhichledtochemotherapy,thecharitysharedthenameofMarieCurie.”可知,科学家玛丽·居里很出名,画线单词意为“著名的”。7.D　推理判断题。根据第三段的“Becauseofherpioneeringworkwhichledtochemotherapy,thecharitysharedthenameofMarieCurie.”可知,该慈善机构以MarieCurie命名是为了对这位伟大的科学家表示尊敬。8.B　推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Becauseofthis,thecharityusesthedaffodilasametaphorforbringinglifetootherpeoplethroughcharitablegiving.”可知,水仙花被认为代表着希望。Passage3[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了大脑训练应用程序在提高认知能力和智力方面的有效性,说明了虽然这些应用程序可以提高一些特定技能,例如算术和记忆能力,但对其他技能的益处有限,并且它们的整体有效性是值得怀疑的。作者还建议,解谜视频游戏可能提供了一种更复杂和有效的训练认知能力的方式。9.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thereareplentyofbraintrainingapps,buttheyallsharethesamecharacteristics:theyturnmentalexerciseslikesimplearithmetic,memorytestsandlogicandpattern-matchingproblemsintoquickgames.”可知,脑力训练应用程序的共同点是:把简单的算术、记忆测试、逻辑匹配等脑力练习变成了快速游戏,它们以游戏的形式发挥作用。10.C　词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Someappstellusthatthemoreyouplaythesemini-games,thesmarteryouwillget.Itisreallyabigpromise.”可知,作者认为靠玩游戏变聪明是一个很大的承诺。结合第四段中“Thepositiveeffectsthathavebeenfoundarelimitedtotheveryspecificmini-gamesandtasksthatusersaretrainedon,suchastheabilitytomemorizelistsofwordsornumbers,orperformmentalarithmetic,withlittlebenefittootherskills.”可知,通过玩游戏进行的脑力训练对认知功能等其他技能没有好处,故可知这一承诺并不能达成。因此,可推测作者认为脑力训练的理念违背了人类思考和学习的原理,并未达到预期效果。故可推测短语fliesinthefaceof意为“与……相反”。11.A　推理判断题。根据第四段的“Thepositiveeffectsthathavebeenfoundarelimitedtotheveryspecificmini-gamesandtasksthatusersaretrainedon,suchastheabilitytomemorizelistsofwordsornumbers,orperformmentalarithmetic,withlittlebenefittootherskills.”可知, 已知的脑力训练的积极影响仅限于非常特定的一些小游戏和训练任务,但对其他技能几乎没有好处。由此推知,脑力训练对记忆力的提高具有局限性。故选A项。12.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Puzzlevideogamessuchas‘BabaIsYou’and‘ReturnoftheObraDinn’,seeplayersapplytheirskillatlogic,memoryandconcentrationinafarmorecomplexwaythananybraintrainingmini-game.”可知,作者认为“BabaIsYou”和“ReturnoftheObraDinn”这类益智游戏更能激发玩家在逻辑、记忆和注意力方面的能力,其复杂程度远超过任何脑力训练小游戏。由此推知,作者是对“BabaIsYou”这类益智游戏持赞成态度。词汇积累:1.(Passage1)overandover反复,再三2.(Passage1)dreamup虚构出,凭空想出3.(Passage1)consistentadj.始终如一的,一贯的4.(Passage1)incredibleadj.难以置信的5.(Passage1)tothefull充分地,完全地6.(Passage2)bediagnosedwith被诊断为7.(Passage2)benamedafter以……命名8.(Passage2)stickto遵守9.(Passage3)liein在于10.(Passage3)resultin导致熟词生义:1.(Passage1)stealvt.赢得2.(Passage2)flowervi.开花长难句分析:(Passage3)Manyoftheappssaytheyarebasedon“science”,aclaimIfoundsurprisingasaformerneuroscientist.分析:本句为复合句。theyarebasedon“science”为省略了that的宾语从句;aclaim作同位语,Ifoundsurprisingasaformerneuroscientist为定语从句,修饰先行词claim。句意:许多应用程序声称它们是基于“科学”的,作为一名前神经科学家,这一说法让我感到惊讶。