适用于老高考旧教材2024版高考英语二轮复习专项能力提升练阅读理解考点分类练8词句猜测题2（附解析）

考点分类练(八)　词句猜测题(2)(限时:25分钟)Passage1(2023河南开封三模)Recently,abigchangequietlytookplaceinagriculture.Yetneitherdroughtnorfrostiseveraconcernforgrowersofplantscurrentlygrowninsidelargegreenhouses.Vegetablesareincreasinglybeinggrownindoors,usinganadvancedformofgrowingcalledcontrolledenvironmentagriculture,amethodthathasthepotentialtohelpfeedtheplanet,evenwhileitthreatenstofurtherwarmit. Controlledenvironmentagriculturehasmanyadvantages.Cropsarenotsubjecttounexpectedextremeweather.Furthermore,thesegreenhousescanproducemorefoodwithfewerpesticidesandlesswater.Withcomputer-controlledtemperaturesandnutrients,theplantsgrowwithlesswaterandproducemuchhigheryields.Aboveall,theproducecanbebredforflavor,insteadoffortolerancetoheat,rainandlong-distancetransportation.Thecarbonfootprintofanygivengreenhousetomatocanvaryquiteabitdependingonenergysources,surroundingtemperaturesandnaturallight.Butvariousstudieshaveestimatedthat,onaverage,theproductionofapoundoftomatoesinanAmericanornorthernEuropeangreenhousereleases3to3.5poundsofcarbonintotheatmosphere.Thatisabout6timesthecaronfootprintofafieldtomato,eventakingintoaccounttheemissionsfromrefrigeratedtrucksthatoftentransportfieldvegetableshundredsoreventhousandsofmilestoreachconsumers.Greenhouses,bycontrast,canbebuiltnearmajorpopulationcenters.Nevertheless,inarapidlywarmingworld,shouldwebeincreasingagriculture’scontributionbymovingsomeofitindoors?“Wehavelittlechoice,”sayadvocates.“Withtheglobalpopulationexpectedtogrowby25percenttonearly10billionpeopleby2050,foodproductionwillneedtoincreaseby60percentto100percent.Withfreshwatersuppliesandlandsuitableforfarmingdecreasing,anddroughtsgettingworseduetoclimatechange,wherewillthisadditionalfoodcomefrom?”1.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“abigchange”inparagraph1referto? A.Therapidincreaseofpopulation.B.Thethreatensofwarmingtheplanet.C.Thewaytodealwithnaturaldisasters.D.Thetendencytogrowvegetablesindoors.2.Whatdoescontrolledenvironmentagriculturemainlyfocuson?A.Makingcropstastegood.B.Plantingcropswithlesswater.C.Growingcropsinextremeweather.D.Transportingcropsfromalongdistance.3.WhatdoweknowaboutAmericangreenhousetomatoes?A.Theyarenothigh-yieldingcrops.B.Theyarenotreallyenvironmentallyfriendly.C.Theyaregrownfarfrompopulationcenters.D.TheyaremainlyexportedtonorthernEurope.4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsmaytheadvocatesagreewith?A.Greenhouseplantingisanecessarytemporizingmeasure.B.Greenhouseplantingistailoredforsmall-populationnations.C.Greenhouseplantingcanhelpspreadtheideaofhealthyeating.D.Greenhouseplantingshouldbestoppedfromwarmingtheworld.Passage2(2023湖南邵阳二模)OurplanetEarthisfulloflifeandhasincrediblebiodiversity.Biologicaldiversityorbiodiversityisthebaseofhumanexistenceandfundamentaltoitswell-being.SpeciesarethebuildingblocksofthislifeonEarth,anditisbelievedthatthespeciesthatareatpresentgloballyfoundhavecontinuouslyevolvedover65millionyearssincetheLastMassExtinction.However,thenatureandextentofourplanet’sbiodiversityatalllevelshavenotbeencompletelyevaluatedyet.Thus,theexactnumberofspeciesfoundintheworldremainsunknown.Overtheyears,withtheadvancementofscientificknowledgeandthediscoveryofmorenewspecies,ithasbeenapproximatedthatthereare,atpresent,10millionto14millionspeciesonEarth,ofwhich1.2millionspecieshavebeendata-based.Thismeansthatstillmorethan86%oftheterrestrial(陆生的)and91%ofthemarinespeciesremainunknown. Everyyear,taxonomists(分类学家)describethousandsofspecies,someofwhicharecompletelynewtoscience,whileinsomecases,thespeciesandsubspeciesarecloselyexaminedanddeterminedwhethertheycanbeconsidereddistinctspecies.Astudyhasrevealedthatover99.9%ofallspeciesamountingtomorethan5billionspeciesthateverlivedhere,arebelievedtobeextinct.Atpresent,ourplanethousesmillionsofspecies,amongwhich86%liveonland,13%inthedeepsubsurface,andamere1%intheoceans.However,biodiversityisnotevenlydistributedonEarth,anditsnumbervariesgreatlyondifferentcontinents.Theundiscoveredandmisidentifiedspeciesslowourabilitytounderstandpatternsandchangesinglobalbiodiversityandtherateofspeciesextinctions(灭绝).Evenafterseveralyearsoftaxonomicstudies,only14%ofterrestrialspeciesand9%ofmarinespecieshavebeenofficiallyaddedtothecentraldatabase.Necessarily,somespecieswillbecomeextinctbeforeresearchersrealizetheyeverexisted.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“marine”meaninparagraph1?A.Rare.　　　　B.Oceanic.C.Endangered.D.Novel.6.Whatdotaxonomistsusuallydo?A.Examinedistributionofspecies.B.Comparespeciesfromsubspecies.C.Decidethesituationofthespecies.D.Describediversityofnew-foundspecies.7.WhichofthefollowingcandescribethedistributionoftheEarth’sbiodiversity?A.Unequal.B.Accumulative.C.Average.D.Maximum.8.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Thecentraldatabasecoversallspecies.B.Therateofspeciesextinctionsisratherhigh.C.Manyundiscoveredspecieshavebeenextinct.D.Humansknowlittleaboutendangeredspecies.Passage3(2023辽宁鞍山一模) Humansaredevelopingnewplacestolivein.InthesouthofSiliconValleysitstheMontereyPeninsula,whereyou’llfindamoveablecommunitythat’sbeingdesignedasarestregionfortheregion’stechelites(精英).WaldenMontereywasfoundedin2016bydeveloperNickJekogian,whosetouttoturnthe609-acrelandintoacoastal“agrihood”community,agrowingtrendamongthetechelitesinwhichtheyavoidtheideaofbelongingtogolfcommunities,unlikewhatthepreviousgenerationshavedone,andinsteadenjoyagriculturalneighborhoodsthatfocusonnature,farms,andoutdoorliving.Thepropertyplanstobuild22homesintotal,withthelotstheysitcostingabout$1millioneach(threelotshavebeensold,asofSeptember2018).Afterthesalesaremade,buyerscanworkwithateamofmorethan20architectsassembledbyJekogiantothenpayadditionalmillionseachforhomeconstruction.Akeystepinthebuyingprocessinvolvespotentialbuyersactuallyvisitingtheland.Jekogianinvitespeopletostayin“moveablerooms”orsmallmoveableglasshouses,whichallowthemtoexperiencewhatlivingonthelandwouldactuallybelike.Butnow,WaldenMontereywillsoonprovideanewwaytotryouttheland.ThedesignstudioDFA,foundedbyLaithSayigh,wasapproachedbyWaldenMontereytodesignahouseforpotentialbuyerstostayeachinwhiletheythinkaboutpurchasedecisions.The3D-printedhouses,namedGaliniSleepingPods,are300squarefeetinsize,canbemovedanywhere,arepoweredbysolarpanels,windturbinesandTeslabatteries,andwillcostabout$250,000each.SayightoldBusinessInsiderthatthey’renotjustafuturestaplefortheWaldenMontereycommunity,butthattheyrepresentthenextgenerationofconstructiontechnology.9.Whatlifedothetecheliteslikeaccordingtothetext?A.Gettingclosetonature.B.Playinggolfafterwork.C.Livinginabighouse.D.HavingahouseinSiliconValley.10.What’sthepurposeofdesigningGaliniSleepingPods?A.ToattractmorepeopletovisitthedesignstudioDFA.B.Togivearuleforthefutureconstructiontechnology. C.Tocallonarchitectstobuildmoremoveablecommunities.D.Toofferbuyerschancestotrylivinginamoveablehouse.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Solarpanels.B.The3D-printedhouses.C.Teslabatteries.D.TheWaldenMontereyCommunity.12.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Thestyleofthehousesdependsonbuyers’ownideas.B.Buyersshouldpayofftheexpenseofthehousesinoneattempt.C.Themoneyspentonconstructingthehousesismorethanthecostofthelots.D.Buyersofthehousesareforbiddentogetinvolvedintheprocessofconstructing.答案：Passage1[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型的农业种植方式——控制环境农业方式,该方法有可能帮助养活地球上的人们,尽管它可能会进一步使地球变暖。1.D　词句猜测题。根据画线词组下文可知,农业发生了重大变化,指的是越来越多的人在室内种植蔬菜。故选D项。2.A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Aboveall,theproducecanbebredforflavor,insteadoffortolerancetoheat,rainandlong-distancetransportation.”可知,这种种植方式的焦点是为了农产品的风味,也就是为了让这些农产品尝起来更好。故选A项。3.B　推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“Butvariousstudieshaveestimatedthat,onaverage,theproductionofapoundoftomatoesinanAmericanornorthernEuropeangreenhousereleases...consumers.”可知,在温室培育西红柿所排放的碳要远比在田间培育西红柿多得多,也就是说它们根本不环保。故选B项。4.A　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知,支持这种种植方式的人认为,即便这种种植方式会排放温室气体,但是为了地球上的人们,这种种植方式是必要的权宜之计。故选A项。Passage2[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地球上存在的生物多样性和物种的数量。 5.B　词句猜测题。根据第一段最后一句“Thismeansthatstillmorethan86%oftheterrestrialand91%ofthemarinespeciesremainunknown.”中的“morethan86%oftheterrestrial”可知,画线词指与“陆生的”相对,即“海生的”,与B项“oceanic”意思相同。6.C　细节理解题。根据第二段的“whileinsomecases,thespeciesandsubspeciesarecloselyexaminedanddeterminedwhethertheycanbeconsidereddistinctspecies.”可知,分类学家通常会确定物种的情况。7.A　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“However,biodiversityisnotevenlydistributedonEarth,anditsnumbervariesgreatlyondifferentcontinents.”可知,地球上的生物多样性的分布是不均的,不同洲的生物种类的数量大为不同。8.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Necessarily,somespecieswillbecomeextinctbeforeresearchersrealizetheyeverexisted.”可知,许多未被发现的物种已经灭绝。Passage3[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为科技精英设计的可移动的房子,它具有可持续发展的特点,也满足这些科技精英接近自然的喜好。9.A　细节理解题。根据第二段可知,科技精英中的一个日益增长的趋势是,他们与前几代人不同,他们没有高尔夫社区的想法,而是拥抱以自然农场和户外生活为重点的农业社区,因此可知,科技精英喜欢接近自然。10.D　细节理解题。根据最后一段的“The3D-printedhouses,namedGaliniSleepingPods,are300squarefeetinsize,canbemovedanywhere,arepoweredbysolarpanels,windturbinesandTeslabatteries,andwillcostabout$250,000each.”可知,设计Galini睡眠舱的目的是让买家有机会尝试住在活动房屋中。11.B　词句猜测题。根据上文“The3D-printedhouses,namedGaliniSleepingPods,are300squarefeetinsize,canbemovedanywhere,arepoweredbysolarpanels,windturbinesandTeslabatteries,andwillcostabout$250,000each.”可知,下文画线句中的they指代上文提的“The3D-printedhouses”。12.C　推理判断题。根据第三段的“Thepropertyplanstobuild22homesintotal,withthelotstheysitcostingabout$1millioneach(threelotshavebeensold,asofSeptember2018).”和最后一段的“willcostabout$250,000each”可知,建造房屋所花的钱为$250,000*22($5,500,000)超过了地皮的成本($1,000,000)。词汇积累: 1.(Passage1)increasinglyadv.越来越多地;不断增加地　2.(Passage1)nutrientn.营养物3.(Passage1)transportvt.运输,运送4.(Passage2)fundamentaladj.根本的,必不可少的5.(Passage2)amountto总计为6.(Passage2)distributevt.使分布7.(Passage3)tryout尝试,试用8.(Passage3)stapleadj.主要的熟词生义:(Passage3)powervt.给……提供能量长难句分析:1.(Passage2)Everyyear,taxonomistsdescribethousandsofspecies,someofwhicharecompletelynewtoscience,whileinsomecases,thespeciesandsubspeciesarecloselyexaminedanddeterminedwhethertheycanbeconsidereddistinctspecies.分析:本句为并列复合句。while为并列连词,表示对比,意为“而”;someofwhicharecompletelynewtoscience为非限制性定语从句,whethertheycanbeconsidereddistinctspecies为whether引导的宾语从句。句意:每年,分类学家都要描述成千上万个物种,其中一些对科学来说是全新的,而在某些情况下,物种和亚种要经过仔细检查,以确定它们是否可以被认为是不同的物种。2.(Passage3)WaldenMontereywasfoundedin2016bydeveloperNickJekogian,whosetouttoturnthe609-acrelandintoacoastal“agrihood”community,agrowingtrendamongthetechelitesinwhichtheyavoidtheideaofbelongingtogolfcommunities,unlikewhatthepreviousgenerationshavedone,andinsteadenjoyagriculturalneighborhoodsthatfocusonnature,farms,andoutdoorliving.分析:本句为复合句。whosetouttoturnthe609-acrelandintoacoastal“agrihood”community为who引导的非限制性定语从句;inwhichtheyavoidtheideaofbelongingtogolfcommunities为inwhich引导的定语从句;whatthepreviousgenerationshavedone为what引导的宾语从句;thatfocusonnature,farms,andoutdoorliving为that引导的定语从句。句意:WaldenMonterey由开发商NickJekogian于2016年创立,他打算将609英亩的土地变成一个沿海“农业”社区,这在科技精英中是一种日益增长的趋势,他们避免属于高尔夫社区的想法,不像前几代人所做的那样,而是专注于享受自然、农场和户外生活的农业社区。