适用于老高考旧教材2024版高考英语二轮复习专项能力提升练阅读理解考点分类练5推理判断题3（附解析）

考点分类练(五)　推理判断题(3)(限时:25分钟)Passage1(2023安徽马鞍山二模)Ihavealwayshadpets.Myfirstanimalfriendswereguineapigs.AndthenItriedmybesttopersuademyparentstogetadog.ForsomereasontheydidnotseemtobelieveIwouldwalkthedogthreetimesaday,nomatterhowhardItried.Thenmymothersaidafriend’scathadhadkittensandwecouldgoandgetone.AtfirstIwasdisappointed,butwithtimegoingby,IlearnedtoloveourcatsomuchthatIhavehadcatseversince.Ijusthavetoremembertobolteverythingintoplace.IfIdon’t,thingsfly(theyseemtogetairbornewhencatsarearound—themoreexpensiveanobjectis,themoreitseemstoenjoyflying). Also,wateringplantsisnoproblem.Duringtheyearsalltheplantshavedisappearedexceptthecactuses(仙人掌).Theydon’tseemtointerestcatsmuch.Nordotheyneedmuchwater.Itwouldbenicetogetflowers,butIdoadviseagainstanyonebringingthemtome.Nomatterwhatflower—itisconsideredakittysnack.Changingfurnitureisnicetoo.Catshelpinlettingusknowwhenitistimetochangethesofa.EitherwhenthefabricstartstolooklikeEinstein’shairthathasbeencombedwithcats’paws(爪子),orwhennoamountofvacuuming(用吸尘器打扫)helpsinrevealingtheoriginalcolorofthecouch,thankstothegenerousdonationofcathair.Asoftsofaisnice,sure,butitsortofgetsabitembarrassingwhen,allourguestsleavethehousewithfur-trousers.Icouldgoonandontotellyoumoreinterestingstoriesbetweenusnexttime!1.Whydidtheauthor’sparentsturnhimdownwhenhewantedtohaveadog?A.Theydidn’tfavourdogs.B.Theydidn’tthinkhecouldattenddogswell.C.Theyhadalreadyhadapet.D.Theythoughtdogsmightmessthehouseup.2.Whichofthefollowingcanexplain“bolteverythingintoplace”underlinedinparagraph3? A.Keepeverythingfastened.B.Keepeverythingorganized.C.Haveeverythingprepared.D.Haveeverythingrepaired.3.Whatcanweinferabouttheplantsfromparagraph4?A.Theyarereplacedbynewones.B.Theyaresenttotheguests.C.Theyaremostlyeatenbythecats.D.Theyarefrequentlywatered.4.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Tocomplainabouthiscats.B.Tosharefunexperiencesofpettingcats.C.Tocomparehisdifferentpets.D.Tointroducehisskillsforkeepingpets.Passage2(2023海南海口一模)NooneintheUShas3D-printedatwo-storyhousebefore.Butnowthreecompaniesareworkingtogethertoprintthefirstlarge,two-storyhouseintheUS.Thehouse,whichisinHouston,Texas,wasdesignedbyacompany.Anothercompanyprovidedthe3Dprinter.Andaconstructioncompanyisdoingtheactualbuilding.LeslieLok,whodesignedthehouse,saystherearespecialchallengesinvolvedinprintingthetwo-storyhouse.Oneofthebiggestisthesizeofthemachineneededforthebuilding.The3DprinterinHoustonismassive.Itweighsover12tons.Ms.Loksaysprintingthehousewilltakethemassivemachineabout330hours.That’sabouteightnormalworkweeks.Buttheteamisn’tinarush.Thoughit’satwo-yearproject,theactualprintingdidn’tstartuntillastJuly.Thehouseisnowabouthalfwayfinished.“Wearenottryingtobeattheclock,”saysHikmatZerbe,whoworksfortheconstructioncompany.Instead,they’reusingthehouseasa“biglaboratory”tolearnmoreabout3D-printinghouses.Theywanttoseehowtheconcretereacts“underdifferentweatherconditions”. Theyalsowanttofigureouthowtomake3D-printingfasterandcheaper.Mr.Zerbesaysthatcurrently,3D-printingahousewithconcretecostsmorethanbuildingahousewithwood.That’spartlybecausethetechnologyisnew.Withtimegoingby,Mr.Zerbeexpectsthecostsof3D-printedhousestogodown.Hethinksprinterswillimproveandmakeiteasiertocreatemorehousesquickly.3D-printedconcretehousesarestrongerandholdupbetterinseriousstormsthanhousebuiltwithwood.Thiscansavemoneyinthelongrun.Sincethemachineisdoingthebuilding,fewerworkersareneeded,whichalsosavesmoney.Besides,with3D-printing,it’seasytomakeeachhousedifferentfromotherhouses.Thesekindsofchangescanapplytoalmostanytiling.HikmatZerbesaysthatmeansinthefuture,eachhousecouldbecreatedspeciallyforitsowner.5.Whatisabigprobleminprintingthetwo-storyhouse?A.Thelimitedtime.B.Thelackofskilledworkers.C.Theneedforhuge3Dprinters.D.Theshortageofbuildingmaterials.6.Whatistobestudiedinthebuildingprocess?A.Howtheprintedhousesstandwearandtear.B.How3D-printedhousesaremadestronger.C.Howworkerscanprintlargehousesquicker.D.Howconcretechangeswiththeshiftofweather.7.Whatisadisadvantageofthe3D-printedhouseatpresent?A.Itscostishigher.B.Itcan’tsurvivethestorm.C.Itusesspecialconcrete.D.Itneedsexperiencedworkers.8.HowdoesMr.Zerbefeelaboutthefutureof3D-printing?A.Negative.B.Unclear.C.Worried.D.Hopeful.Passage3(2023河北沧州二模) ScientistshavelearnedmoreabouttheinnerworkingsoftheEarthbystudyingthewaywavesfromearthquakestravelthroughtheplanet’scenter.TheresultssuggestthattheEarth’sinnercoremaybestartingtospinmoreslowlythantheEarth.TheEarth’scorehastwoparts:theoutercoreandtheinnercore.Bothofthesearemademainlyofthemetals—ironandnickel.Theoutercoreisliquid.Buttheinnercoreisasolidballheldinthisliquidalmostliketheyolk(蛋黄)inanegg.ScientistssuspectedforalongtimethattheinnercoremightbespinningslightlydifferentlyfromthewaytheEarthspins.Inthe1990s,twoscientists,PaulRichardsandXiaodongSong,studiedtheinnercorebylookingatthewavesfromearthquakesthattravelthroughthecenteroftheEarth.Theyfocusedongroupsandpairsofwavesfromearthquakesthatnaturallyrepeat.IftheinnercorewasspinningexactlywiththeEarth,eachwaveofthepairshouldhavetakenthesametimetopassthroughtheEarth.Instead,somemovedfasterthanothers.Thiswasbecausetheywerehittingdifferentpartsoftheinnercoreasitspun.TheirstudiesrevealedthattheinnercorewasspinninginthesamedirectionastheEarth,butslightlyfaster.NowDr.SongandYiYang—anotherscientistwhostudiestheEarth—saythey’veusedthesamemethodtolearnthattheEarth’sinnercoremaybestartingtospinslowerthantheEarth.TheresearchersstudiedearthquakewavepairsfromAlaska,goingallthewaybackto1964.Theynoticedthattheinnercore’sspinalsoseemedtochangespeedintheearly1970s.Thescientistssaythattheinnercoremayhaveapatternofspeedingupandslowingdownevery70yearsorso.Noteveryoneagrees.ManyscientistswhostudytheEarthsaymoreinformationneededtofigureoutwhatisreallygoingon.9.Whyisaneggmentionedinthesecondparagraph?A.ToexplainhowtheEarth’scoremoves.B.Toshowtheimportanceoftheinnercore.C.Toillustratethecompositionoftheoutercore.D.TohelppicturethestructureoftheEarth’score.10.Whatdidthescientistsdiscoverabouttheinnercoreinthe1990s?A.Itsentoutearthquakewaves. B.Itchangedspeedrepeatedly.C.ItmovedexactlywiththeEarth.D.ItmovedalittlefasterthantheEarth.11.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthestudyresult?A.Itisaccurateandreliable.B.Itexcitesthescientists.C.Itneedsfurtherconfirmation.D.Ithascausedaheateddiscussion.12.Whatisthetext?A.Asciencereport.B.Asci-fistory.C.Adiaryentry.D.Abrochure.答案：Passage1[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要分享了作者养小猫的一些趣事。1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“ForsomereasontheydidnotseemtobelieveIwouldwalkthedogthreetimesaday,nomatterhowhardItried.”可知,作者的父母担心作者不会每天遛狗三次,也就是说,父母担心他不会好好照顾宠物狗。2.A　词义猜测题。根据画线短语后的“IfIdon’t,thingsfly(theyseemtogetairbornewhencatsarearound—themoreexpensiveanobjectis,themoreitseemstoenjoyflying).”可知,画线句子前面的内容是说“我必须要记得……”,如果没记住做这件事,家里的一切就会“飞”起来,结合选项可知,为了防止一切不会“飞”起来,只能“把一切都固定好”符合逻辑。3.C　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Nomatterwhatflower—itisconsideredakittysnack.”可知,小猫会把所有的花都当成零食,由此可推断,小猫会把这些花当零食吃掉。4.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Icouldgoonandontotellyoumoreinterestingstoriesbetweenusnexttime!”可知,作者说下次继续讲述与小猫在一起的趣事,由此推断,本文写作的目的是分享与小猫在一起的趣事。Passage2[语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了目前有三家公司正在合作打印美国第一个两层的大房子,而这有望成为一种趋势。 5.C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“LeslieLok,whodesignedthehouse,saystherearespecialchallengesinvolvedinprintingthetwo-storyhouse.Oneofthebiggestisthesizeofthemachineneededforthebuilding.The3DprinterinHoustonismassive.Itweighsover12tons.”可知,最大的问题之一就是需要巨大的打印机。6.D　推理判断题。根据文章第四段可知,在建房的过程中,他们想研究混凝土“不同天气条件下”的反应。7.A　细节理解题。根据文章第五段的“Theyalsowanttofigureouthowtomake3D-printingfasterandcheaper.Mr.Zerbesaysthatcurrently,3D-printingahousewithconcretecostsmorethanbuildingahousewithwood.”可知,3D房屋的造价成本较高。8.D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知,HikmatZerbe对3D打印的未来抱有希望。Passage3[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现,地球内核的自转速度可能比地球慢,但这一发现并非所有人都认可,仍需要进一步弄清到底发生了什么。9.D　推理判断题。根据第二段可知,本段主要介绍的是地球内核的构造,与鸡蛋的构造有相似之处,所以,此处提到鸡蛋是以此来说明地球内核构造。10.D　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“Inthe1990s,twoscientists,PaulRichardsandXiaodongSong,studiedtheinnercorebylookingatthewavesfromearthquakesthattravelthroughthecenteroftheEarth.”和“TheirstudiesrevealedthattheinnercorewasspinninginthesamedirectionastheEarth,butslightlyfaster.”可知,20世纪90年代对地球内核的研究发现,地球内核的旋转方向与地球相同,但速度略快。11.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,研究结果并非所有人都认可,仍需要进一步弄清到底发生了什么,由此可知,这项研究需要进一步证实。12.A　推理判断题。根据首段可知,本文讲述的是科学研究发现,地球内核可能比地球旋转得更慢,下文对此研究进行分析,由此可知,本文是一篇科学研究报告。词汇积累:1.(Passage1)walkthedog遛狗　2.(Passage1)generousadj.慷慨的,大方的3.(Passage1)donationn.捐赠4.(Passage2)inarush急急忙忙;慌慌张张 5.(Passage2)withtimegoingby随着时间的推移6.(Passage2)inthelongrun从长远来看7.(Passage3)focuson集中于8.(Passage3)slightlyadv.稍微9.(Passage3)speedup加速10.(Passage3)slowdown减速熟词生义:(Passage1)combvt.梳理长难句分析:(Passage3)ManyscientistswhostudytheEarthsaymoreinformationneededtofigureoutwhatisreallygoingon.分析:本句为复合句。whostudytheEarth为who引导的定语从句;whatisreallygoingon为what引导的宾语从句。句意:许多研究地球的科学家表示,需要更多的信息来弄清楚到底发生了什么。