适用于老高考旧教材2024版高考英语二轮复习专项能力提升练七选五考点分类练4逻辑关系类（附解析）

考点分类练(四)　逻辑关系类(限时:25分钟)Passage1(2023山东泰安二模)HowtosetupaLibraryofThingsInsteadofcluttering(乱堆放)ourhomes,garagesandtheplanet,settingupaLibraryofThingsallowsneighbourstoborrowandsharehuge,priceygoods.　1　Butinsteadofborrowingbooks,localpeopleareborrowingdrills,pastamakersandguitarsforanaffordablefee.Here’showtostartyourown: Talktoyourneighbours　2　Dotheyfeeltheirhomeistoocluttered?Dotheywanttodotheirbitfortheenvironmentandspendlessmoney?Linkintolocalnetworksandaskpeopletovoteona“wishlist”ofitemstheycouldborrow. FindaspaceStartsmallinsomeone’sgarageorlocalmarkettoseewhatitemsaremostpopular.Thenfindspaceinbuildingsinurbanareaswithhighfootfallsuchaslibrariesorcommunityhubs.　3　 WhystartaLibraryofThings?Wewerelivinginasmallhouseandneededsometoolstoputupshelves.Wedidn’twanttoownthetoolsandhiringthemwasexpensive!　4　InspiredbytoollibrariesintheUSandlendinglibrariesinBerlin,westartedasmallLibraryofThingslocallyandsevenyearslaterwe’rerunningfiveLibraryofThingslocationsacrossLondon. Whatotherimpactonthelocalarea?We’verunverysuccessfuleventsledbyborrowerssuchasmendingmeetups,sewingclasses,DIYclasses.　5　Borrowershavepreviouslytestedoutnewfoodbusinessesatthemarketbyusingouritems.Andforevery￡10someonespendsonborrowing,￡8stayslocally,creatinglocaljobsandsupportingthelocalcommunityspaces. A.Findoutiflocalpeopleneedasharinglibrary.B.TheLibraryofThingshasamultipliereffectlocally. C.You’llneedsomemoneytosetupyoursharinglibrary.D.Butinruralareas,amobilesharinglibrarycouldwork.E.Wewerealsogettingannoyedaboutwastewewerecreating.F.Speaktootherswhohavedoneitandarewillingtosharetheirknowledge.G.Affordable,convenientandenvironmental-friendly,sharinglibrariesarepoppingup.Passage2(2023四川凉山二诊)Attimes,talkingtokidscanfeellikelearningaforeignlanguage.Unfortunately,there’snohandyphrasebookortranslationappthatcanmakeyousoundfriendly,encouraging,andfirmallatthesametime.Don’tworry.　1　Followingthese,youcanhaveanopenandhonestchatwithanykidsinyourlife. SitorkneelattheirlevelLoweringyourselfmakesyoualotmoreapproachable.Evenifyou’rekeepingthingslightandfriendly,achildmightfeelthreatenedifyou’retoweringoverthem.Instead,grabaseatortakeakneenearthechild,sotheydon’thavetolookupatyou.　2　 　3　 Kidslovetalkingabouttheirinterestsandpreferences.Asfarasconversationsgo,askingaboutfavoritesisaprettysafego-totopic.Youmightaskabouttheirfavoritesinger,orwhatTVshowstheyliketowatch.　4　Youcouldaskiftheyhaveadogorcatathome,andwhatitsnameis. Askforhelporadvice　5　Sharealight-hearted,not-too-seriousproblemyou’verunintoduringyourdailyroutine.Maybeyouhavetroubleheadingtobedatagoodtime,oryoucanneverfindyourcarkeysbeforeheadingtowork.Thechildwillloveachancetofigureoutasolutiontoyourproblem,whetherit’sbigorsmall. A.DevelopcommoninterestsB.ChataboutrelatabletopicsC.Childrenlovetosolve“adult”problems.D.Thiscanhelptaketheedgeoffyourconversation.E.We’veputtogetherplentyofconversationaltipsandtricks.F.Additionally,favoritecolorsareanothersafeandcomfortabletopic. G.Youcouldevenaskabouttheirfavoriteanimals,orcomparefavoritepets.Passage3(2023山东青岛二模)Thebenefitsofwalkingaremany,butdecidinghowmanymilestocoverandhowmuchtimetospendwalkingeachdayisanothermatter.StudieshaveshownthattheaverageAmericantakesbetween3,000and4,000stepsdailydoingeverydaythings—about1.5to2miles.　1　ButtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)advisesmostadultstoaimfor10,000stepsadayorabout5miles.Andtherecommendationcontributestomorepositivehealthoutcomes. 　2　Youcanmeasureyoureffortsinquantitiesoftimeinstead.“Asawalker,youshouldaimforatleast30minutesperday,oratotalof150minutesperweek,”saysAustin,alicensedpsychotherapist.What’smore,if30minutesofwalkingisunrealisticforyoutodoallatonce,thenbreakingitupintothreeshort,10-minutesessions.　3　 Itmayalsobehelpfultohealthtomakewalkingapartofone’sdailyroutine.Peoplecantakethestairsinsteadoftheelevator,parkattheotherendofthelotandwalkafurtherdistancetoastore’sentrancewhenshopping.　4　Thenwalktherestofthewayhome.Alltheseadditionalstepscanbeacquiredcreatively,beyondfixedwalkingtime. Ontopofsuchphysicalbenefits,walkinghasbeenshowntoimprovesleepandmentalhealthincludingmoodandself-esteem.　5　Therefore,itisfreeandwellacceptedbythemajorityofpeople.Ifoneisreadytoimproveoveralllevelsoffitness,walkingticksalltherightboxes. A.Combinewalkingwitheverydayroutine.B.Theywillprovidethesamehealthbenefits.C.Whatifcountingresultsbymilesisn’tyourthing?D.Still,whynotgetoffpublictransportationastopearly?E.Walkingsessionsshouldbecontinuoustobebeneficial.F.Thatamountalonehasbeenshowntolowerone’sdeathrisk.G.Walkingrequiresnospecialequipment,gymmembershiportraining.Passage4(2023湖南怀化二模) Ifyouwanttomemorizesomethingquicklyandthoroughly,repetitionwon’tcutit.　1　Belowaresomeuniversalstepstomasteringtheartofrecallingsothatyoucanstartmemorizingatonofdatainashortamountoftime. Makepreparations.Paycloseattentiontowhichenvironmentyouchoose.Formostpeople,thismeanschoosinganareawithfewdistractions.Figureoutwhatismostbeneficialtoyourlearningsothatyoucangetstarted.Next,startdrinkingsometea.　2　 Recordwhatyou’rememorizing.Thisisespeciallyusefulifyou’retryingtomemorizeinformationfromalecture.Useataperecordertotrackalloftheacquiredfactsbeingspokenandlistentoit.Ifyou’retryingtomemorizeaspeech,recordyourselfreadingthespeechaloudandlistentoyourselfspeaking.　3　 Beforeyoustarttryingtorecalleverythingfrommemory,writeandre-writetheinformation.Nowthatyouhaveeverythingwrittendowninonesetofnotes,separatethemintosections.Youcanusecolorcodingtodifferentiatebetweensubjects.Thiswillhelpyoubecomemorefamiliarwithwhatyou’retryingtomemorize.Applyrepetitiontoaccumulatedmemorization.　4　Asyoumemorizeeachsetofthetext,accumulateitbyaddingthenewinformationtowhatyou’vejustlearned.Thiswillkeepeverythingwithinyourshort-termmemoryfromfading.Keepdoingthisuntilyouhavememorizedthatsectionandyouareabletorecalltheentirething.Donotmoveontoanothersectionuntilyouhavememorizedthatonecompletely. Teachittosomeone(oryourself).ThemosteffectivemethodformewhenIwasinschoolwastoteachtheinformationtosomeoneelse.　5　Ifwhatyou’velearnedneedstoberecitedliterally,thendothisinfrontofsomeoneaswellinordertogetafeelforwhatitwillbeliketorecitethetexttotheintendedaudience. Takeabreak.Finally,letyourmindbreathe.Goforashorttimewithoutthinkingaboutwhatyoujustlearnedandcomebacktoitlateron.You’llfindoutwhatyoureallyknow,ofcourse,andthiswillhelpyoufocusonthesectionsyoumightbeweakestat. A.Recallentiresections.B.However,recallingsomethingwill.C.Writeeverythingdownandsectionyournotes.D.Youcanlecturetheknowledgetosomeonesittingrightinfrontofyou.E.Foreachlineofthetext,repeatitafewtimesandtrytorecallitwithoutlooking.F.Whiledoingunrelatedtasks,goovertheinformationbylisteningtoyourtaperecordings.G.Manyscientificstudieshaveconfirmedgreenteaasanaturalfuelforimprovingmemory.答案：Passage1[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了开设一家共享物品馆的步骤和它对社会经济产生的积极作用。1.G　上文“Insteadofclutteringourhomes,garagesandtheplanet,settingupaLibraryofThingsallowsneighbourstoborrowandsharehuge,priceygoods.”提到要建立物品馆,可知,空处承接上文,指出物品馆出现了,与G项“价格合理、方便且环保的共享物品馆正在涌现”符合,同时和下文“Butinsteadofborrowingbooks,localpeopleareborrowingdrills,pastamakersandguitarsforanaffordablefee.”构成转折关系,说明虽然共享物品馆涌现,但是人们没有去借书而是租借了其他物品。2.A　根据下文“Linkintolocalnetworksandaskpeopletovoteona‘wishlist’ofitemstheycouldborrow.”可知,通过链接可以让人们对于可以借的物品进行投票是对A项“了解当地人是否需要共享物品馆”内容的承接,指出了解当地人是否对共享物品馆有需求这一问题的具体做法就是通过在网上让人们投票。3.D　根据上文“Thenfindspaceinbuildingsinurbanareaswithhighfootfallsuchaslibrariesorcommunityhubs.”可知,上文介绍了在城市的哪些地方可以找到空间建立共享物品馆,与D项“但在农村地区,移动共享物品馆可以发挥作用”构成转折关系,表明在乡村地区共享物品馆的形式和城市中的情况有所不同。 4.E　根据上文“Wewerelivinginasmallhouseandneededsometoolstoputupshelves.Wedidn’twanttoownthetoolsandhiringthemwasexpensive!”可知,我们不想为搭架子的工具花钱,和E项“我们也对自己制造的浪费感到恼火”都是对小标题“为什么建立物品馆”的原因举例说明。5.B　上文“We’verunverysuccessfulevents”及下文“Borrowershavepreviouslytestedoutnewfoodbusinesses...creatinglocaljobsandsupportingthelocalcommunityspaces.”是对B项“物品馆在当地具有乘数效应”中的multipliereffect这一概念进行了解释说明,乘数效应是指在公共工程项目之后带来的消费水平和私人投资水平的上升,因为物品馆举办的活动使人们的就业机会增加并支持了当地的社区空间。Passage2[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了与孩子进行坦诚交谈的策略。1.E　E项与上文“Unfortunately,there’snohandyphrasebookortranslationappthatcanmakeyousoundfriendly,encouraging,andfirmallatthesametime.Don’tworry.”形成转折,表明虽然没有与孩子进行坦诚交流的手册或应用软件,但这篇文章中给出了相关建议或技巧(这也是文章的目的所在),且下文“Followingthese,youcanhaveanopenandhonestchatwithanykidsinyourlife.”中的“these”指代E项中的“plentyofconversationaltipsandtricks”。故选E项。2.D　由上文“Loweringyourselfmakesyoualotmoreapproachable...sotheydon’thavetolookupatyou.”可知,家长位置比孩子高会让孩子感到威胁,作者举例相反的情况,家长拿把椅子坐下或者跪下靠近孩子,孩子就不用仰视父母,这是在说父母和孩子谈话时在孩子的水平坐或者跪的好处。故选D项。3.B　该空选择小标题,需总结下文。由下文可知,想要与孩子进行坦诚交谈,作者建议谈论与孩子们的生活息息相关的话题。故选B项。4.G　G项引出与孩子们的生活息息相关的话题之一——谈论宠物,才可衔接下文“Youcouldaskiftheyhaveadogorcatathome,andwhatitsnameis.”。故选G项。5.C　由小标题“Askforhelporadvice”可知,想要与孩子进行坦诚交谈,作者建议大人们要向孩子们寻求帮助或建议,该空应该提及父母们可以这样做的原因,C项可以是其原因,呼应下文“Thechildwillloveachancetofigureoutasolutiontoyourproblem,whetherit’sbigorsmall.”。故选C项。Passage3[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日常生活中步行的好处。 1.F　根据空前“StudieshaveshownthattheaverageAmericantakesbetween3,000and4,000stepsdailydoingeverydaythings—about1.5to2miles.”可知,这里继续介绍每天走3000到4000步的好处——可以降低死亡风险。故选F项。2.C　根据空后“Youcanmeasureyoureffortsinquantitiesoftimeinstead.”可知,如果不喜欢用多少英里计算步行,也可以用时间来衡量。所以C项“Whatifcountingresultsbymilesisn’tyourthing?”符合上下文语境。3.B　根据空前“What’smore,if30minutesofwalkingisunrealisticforyoutodoallatonce,thenbreakingitupintothreeshort,10-minutesessions.”可知,不管是连续步行30分钟还是分成三个10分钟完成都能达到同样的健康好处。所以B项“Theywillprovidethesamehealthbenefits.”符合上下文语境。4.D　根据空后“Thenwalktherestofthewayhome.”可知,这里介绍日常生活中坐公共汽车可以提前一站下车,走着回家,达到步行锻炼的目的。故选D项。5.G　根据空后“Therefore,itisfreeandwellacceptedbythemajorityofpeople.”可知,前后句是因果关系,说明步行免费的原因——不需要特殊的设备,也不需要会员资格或训练。故选G项。Passage4[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了可以在短时间内记住大量数据的方法。1.B　上文“Ifyouwanttomemorizesomethingquicklyandthoroughly,repetitionwon’tcutit.”说明重复不会快速、彻底地记住某件事,与空格处是转折关系,因此B项“然而,回忆一些事情会的”符合语境。2.G　上文“Next,startdrinkingsometea.”说明准备期间喝些茶,因此G项“许多科学研究已经证实绿茶是一种提高记忆力的天然燃料”符合语境。3.C　下文“Nowthatyouhaveeverythingwrittendowninonesetofnotes,separatethemintosections.”说明要把事情记下来并且合理分组,因此C项“把所有的东西都写下来,并区分你的笔记”概括段意。4.E　本段主旨句“Applyrepetitiontoaccumulatedmemorization.”强调重复的重要性,因此E项“对于每一行文本,重复几次,试着不看就回忆起来”符合语境。5.D　上文“ThemosteffectivemethodformewhenIwasinschoolwastoteachtheinformationtosomeoneelse.”说明于作者而言,教授他人知识是最有效的方法,因此D项“你可以把知识传授给坐在你面前的人”符合语境。词汇积累: 1.(Passage1)voteon就……进行投票表决2.(Passage1)putup建造3.(Passage1)testout测试4.(Passage2)handyadj.手边的,便于使用的5.(Passage2)kneelvi.跪下6.(Passage2)light-heartedadj.轻松的7.(Passage2)dailyroutine日常事务8.(Passage3)cover行走(一段路程)9.(Passage3)atotalof总共10.(Passage3)ontopof除……之外(还)11.(Passage4)accumulatevt.积累长难句分析:(Passage4)Asyoumemorizeeachsetofthetext,accumulateitbyaddingthenewinformationtowhatyou’vejustlearned.分析:本句为复合句。Asyoumemorizeeachsetofthetext为as引导的时间状语从句;whatyou’vejustlearned为what引导的宾语从句。句意:当你记忆每一组课文的时候,通过在你刚学过的内容上添加新的信息来积累它。