适用于老高考旧教材2024版高考英语二轮复习专项能力提升练阅读理解考点分类练11主旨大意题2（附解析）

考点分类练(十一)　主旨大意题(2)(限时:25分钟)Passage1(2023辽宁鞍山二模)Afewyearsago,Iwentshoppingwithafriendforanewmotorcycle.Hedidn’thaveaparticularbrandormodelinmindexcepttwostandards.Abigengine—sincetoomuchhorsepowerisneverenough—andsincehe’stall,arelativelyrelaxedridingposition.IsuggestedaHayabusa,whichmethisstandardsoranXS-14R.Bothwerewithinhisbudget,especiallytheHayabusasincethedealerwasofferinga$2,500discountonapreviousyear’smodel.Herodethembothandlovedthemboth.ButthenhebecameveryinterestedinaZX-6RKRT—agreatmotorcycle,sure,butwithamuchsmallermotorandaridingpositionthatmadehimlooklikeacontortedmantis(变形的螳螂).Itseemedlikeastrangechoice.Ifeltpuzzleduntilithitme.Thepurchaseofanymotorcycle750ccandundercamewithafreehelmet(头盔).Sincemyfriendalsowantedanewhelmet,gettingoneforfreewasextremelyattractive.Afterall,themathdidn’twork.Weeventuallynegotiated$3,200offthepriceoftheHayabusa.Thefreehelmetwasonlyworth$250.However,myfriend’sfinaldecisionwasZX-6RKRTwithafreehelmet.A2017studypublishedinMarketingSciencefoundthatpeopletendtosignificantlyovervalue“free”.Whenfacedwithachoiceofselectingoneofseveralavailableproducts,peoplewillchoosetheoptionwiththehighestcost-benefitdifference;however,decisionsaboutfree(zero-price)productsdiffer,becausepeopledonotsimplytakeawaycostsfrombenefitsbutinstead,considerthebenefitsassociatedwithfreeproductstobehigher.Twomonthslater,myfriendtradedinhis6Rfora14R.ButIdon’tthinkbadlyofhim.We’veallbeenblindedbythepowerof“free”.Sowheneversomethingisfree,stopandconsidertheintention,andsee“free”asareasontodoevenmoremath.1.Whatkindofmotorcycledidtheauthor’sfriendintendtobuy? A.Agoodsecond-handone.B.Apreviousyear’sHayabusa.C.AhighlyfashionableXS-14R.D.Apowerfulandcomfortableone.2.WhataspectoftheZX-6RKRTattractedtheauthor’sfriendmost?A.Itsprice.B.Themotorcycle’s750ccengine.C.Itsfreegift.D.Themotorcycle’sclassicaldesign.3.Whydoestheauthormentionthe2017study?A.Toofferhisfriendabetterpurchaseplan.B.Tostresstheimportanceofnegotiatingskills.C.Totellreadershowtogetmorezero-priceproducts.D.Toexplainwhyhisfriendmadesuchanunwisechoice.4.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.It’stimetostopdoingthemath.B.“Free”issometimestheworstdeal.C.Gettingsomethingforfreeissofun.D.Wealllovetobuysomethingonsale.Passage2(2023江西赣州一模)IsawtheSwedishfilmadaptation(starredbyTobiasAlmborgeandAnna-LenaBrudin)ofFredrikBackman’sincrediblyfunny,heartbreakingnovel“AManCalledOve”.Towardtheendofthatfilm,whichwasbeautifullywrittenanddirectedbyHannesHolm,thereisasceneinwhichOve,awidower(鳏夫)inhis60s,takeshisneighboursoutforadrive.Astheyridetogether,thenormallyunfriendlyandsevereOvesighs,allowshimselfararesmileandsays:“Thisisliving.”Mostviewersprobablydidn’tgivethislittlecommentofOve’sasecondthought.Forme,though,itmarkedtheturningpointofOve’ssearchforrenewedpurposeinhislife.InOve,Backmanhascreatedacharacterwhoattimescanbeunreasonable,stubbornandevendownrightrude—thesortofmanwhoseshockingandmorallyunacceptable reactionstoeverydaysituationsbecomethesubjectofcomicanecdotesthatareretoldcountlesstimesbyenemiesandfriendsalike.Manyofthepeopletellingthosestoriesdon’trealize,though,thatmuchofOve’sstrangebehaviourisactuallyasymptomofhisprivateheartache.Widowed,livingaloneandrecentlypushedintoretirement,OveisstrugglingattheoutsetofBackman’sstorytofindsomethingworthlivingfor,andhisunwillingnesstosharewithotherswhatheisgoingthroughservesonlytofurtherseparatehimfromtheworld.Ove’ssituationremindsmeoftheisolationweallfeltduringthepandemic.Isawalongwitheveryoneelsehowquicklylonelinessandisolationcaninfluenceharmony,drivingpeopleapartatatimewhenweneedtoconnecttoothersthemost.Oveisjustgoingonadrivewithneighbourswhenhesays,“Thisisliving,”butIthinkheisfeelingthewaymanyofusdidwhenthepandemicbecamelessseriousandwebegantoreconnectwiththeworld.Inthatmoment,Ovehasstartedtofindhisnewpurposejustbyallowingothersbackintohislifeandcaringforthem.5.Whoisthescreenwriterof“AManCalledOve”?A.TobiasAlmborge.B.Anna-LenaBrudin.C.FredrikBackman.D.HannesHolm.6.WhatcanweknowaboutOve?A.Hewasbornwithabadtemper.B.Heispopularwithpeoplearound.C.Hehasintegratedhimselfintosociety.D.Hesuffersfromsocialanxietydisorder.7.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Ove’spresentlivingsituation.B.Theinfluenceofthepandemic.C.ThereasonsbehindOve’sstrangebehaviour.D.Theimportanceofrelationshipwithothers.8.Whatisthistext?A.Adiaryentry.B.Amoviereview.C.Abookintroduction.D.Ashortstory.Passage3 (2023江西南昌二模)Justasdigitaltransformationimprovedmanybusinessesandemergingtechnology,artificialintelligence(A.I.),andmachinelearningalsohavethepotentialtogreatlyimproveoperationsinhealthcaresettings.Bringinginthesechangesisbecomingincreasinglypopularforhealthcareproviders.OnecompanyleadingtheautomationrevolutioninhealthcareisAKASA,aSanFrancisco-baseddeveloperofA.I.forhealthcareoperations.“Americanmedicinemaybethebestintheworld,butthehealthcaresystemisstillfarbehindbecauseithasacomplicatedback-endsystem,”saysAKASA’schiefexecutiveofficerandco-founderMalinkaWalaliyadde.“Wearesimplifyingandautomatingthatsystemtomakeitabetterexperienceforhealthcareproviders.”ForAKASA,theresulthasbeenanimmediateimprovementinbothpatientsatisfactionandtheirorganization’srevenues(收入).MethodistHealthSysteminOmaha,forexample,beganworkingwithAKASAtoautomatethenon-value-addedaspectswithinitsrevenuecycle.“Now,processesthatusedtotakemorethansevenminutestodeterminearedowntojustoneminute,”saysJeffFrancis,MethodistHealthSystem’schieffinancialofficerandvicepresidentoffinance.“Therehasbeenasharpincreaseinrevenue,whichisupbyatleast1%to$3billion.”WalaliyaddecreditsAKASA’simpressiveproductofferinganditsamazingresultstothedevotionandunmatchedexpertiseofitsworkforce.“Wehirethebestandthebrightestinboththehealthcareandtechnologyworldsfromaroundthecountryandgiveemployeestheresourcestosolveoldproblemsinnewways.Themoreuniquebackgroundswecanbringtoaproject,thebetterequippedwe’llbetohandlechallengeswithnewandcreativesolutions,”Walaliyaddesays.EvenasAKASAstrengthensitsplaceinthehealthcaretechnologyfield,Walaliyaddeknowstherearemanymoreinnovationstocome.“Wehavemadealargeamountofprogressalready,”hesays,“butthereissomuchmoretodo.”9.WhatdoweknowaboutAKASA?A.Itsrevenuereaches$3billion.B.ItsaimistoupgradeAmericanhealthcare.C.ItsheadquarterisbasedinFrance.D.Itsemployeesareofsimilarbackgrounds. 10.WhatcanweinferfromJeffFrancis’swords?A.HeisimpressedbyAKASA’sservice.B.Hiscompanyhasincreaseditsrevenue.C.Hiscurrentsystemisfacingchallenges.D.Value-addedaspectsaretobetransformed.11.WhatledtoAKASA’ssuccessaccordingtoWalaliyadde?A.Advanceddigitaltechnology.B.Itssimplecorporatestructure.C.Jointeffortsmadebyitsskilledstaff.D.Diverseproductsofferedbythecompany.12.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.AKASAPioneersA.I.IndustryB.AKASAWelcomesMoreInnovationC.AmericanHealthCareNeedsTalentsD.AutomationImprovesAmericanHealthCare答案：Passage1[语篇解读]本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了一个有趣的现象,阐述了人们在面对免费产品时心理的变化,往往会高估免费产品的价值并被其诱导而做出不经济的决策,同时本文也提醒读者,在面临购买决策时,要全面考虑产品的成本和收益,并留意背后的意图,避免受到免费赠品的影响而做出错误的决定。1.D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Hedidn’thaveaparticularbrandormodelinmindexcepttwostandards.Abigengine—sincetoomuchhorsepowerisneverenough—andsincehe’stall,arelativelyrelaxedridingposition.”可知,作者朋友想买一辆动力强且舒适的摩托车。2.C　细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“Sincemyfriendalsowantedanewhelmet,gettingoneforfreewasextremelyattractive.”及“However,myfriend’sfinaldecisionwasZX-6RKRTwithafreehelmet.”可知,ZX-6RKRT最吸引作者朋友的是免费的头盔。 3.D　推理判断题。根据文章第五段中“Whenfacedwithachoiceofselectingoneofseveralavailableproducts...considerthebenefitsassociatedwithfreeproductstobehigher.”可知,作者引用该研究是为了解释人们在面对免费产品时会怎样做出决策,以及为什么会产生对免费产品价值的高估,进而揭示出作者的朋友做出不明智的决定背后的心理因素。4.B　主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了一个有趣的现象,阐述了人们在面对免费产品时心理的变化,往往会高估免费产品的价值并被其诱导而做出不经济的决策,同时本文也提醒读者,在面临购买决策时,要全面考虑产品的成本和收益,并留意背后的意图,避免受到免费赠品的影响而做出错误的决定。故选B项。Passage2[语篇解读]本文是一篇影评。文章主要介绍作者对改编自弗雷德里克·巴克曼(FredrikBackman)令人难以置信的搞笑、令人心碎的小说《一个叫欧维的男人决定去死》的瑞典电影的评价。5.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Towardtheendofthatfilm,whichwasbeautifullywrittenanddirectedbyHannesHolm”可知,这部电影是汉内斯·霍姆(HannesHolm)写的。6.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Inthatmoment,Ovehasstartedtofindhisnewpurposejustbyallowingothersbackintohislifeandcaringforthem.”可知,欧维已经让他自己融入社会中。7.C　主旨大意题。根据第四段可知,这一段主要讲述欧维的许多奇怪行为的原因。8.B　推理判断题。根据第一段和第二段可知,这篇文章是电影评论。Passage3[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了AKASA公司利用自动化改善美国医疗保健。9.B　推理判断题。根据第二段中“‘Americanmedicinemaybethebestintheworld...makeitabetterexperienceforhealthcareproviders.’”可知,AKASA的目标是为医疗保健提供者提供更好的体验,换句话说,提升美国的医疗保健水平。10.A　推理判断题。根据第三段中“‘Now,processesthatusedtotakemorethansevenminutestodeterminearedowntojustoneminute,’saysJeffFrancis,MethodistHealthSystem’schieffinancialofficerandvicepresidentoffinance.”可知,JeffFrancis认为服务效率大大提升,说明他对服务印象深刻。11.C　细节理解题。根据第四段中“ WalaliyaddecreditsAKASA’simpressiveproductofferinganditsamazingresultstothedevotionandunmatchedexpertiseofitsworkforce.”可知,Walaliyadde认为导致成功的因素是其熟练的工作人员的共同努力。12.D　主旨大意题。根据第二段可知,AKASA公司为了给医疗保健提供者提供更好的体验,AKASA利用自动化改善了美国医疗保健。词汇积累:1.(Passage1)relativelyadv.相对地2.(Passage1)budgetn.预算3.(Passage1)discountn.折扣4.(Passage1)afterall毕竟,终究5.(Passage1)negotiatev.商定6.(Passage1)(be)associatedwith与……有关7.(Passage1)thinkbadlyof对……评价低8.(Passage2)heartbreakingadj.令人心碎的9.(Passage2)attimes有时10.(Passage2)stubbornadj.固执的11.(Passage2)gothrough经历12.(Passage2)carefor照顾13.(Passage3)sharpadj.急剧的14.(Passage3)alargeamountof大量的熟词生义:(Passage1)blindvt.蒙蔽长难句分析:(Passage2)Isawalongwitheveryoneelsehowquicklylonelinessandisolationcaninfluenceharmony,drivingpeopleapartatatimewhenweneedtoconnecttoothersthemost.分析:本句为复合句。howquicklylonelinessandisolationcaninfluenceharmony为宾语从句;whenweneedtoconnecttoothersthemost为定语从句,修饰先行词time。句意:我和其他人一起看到了孤独和孤立是如何迅速地影响和谐,在我们最需要与他人联系的时候把人们分开。