适用于老高考旧教材2024版高考英语二轮复习专项能力提升练阅读理解考点分类练9词句猜测题3（附解析）

考点分类练(九)　词句猜测题(3)(限时:25分钟)Passage1(2023湖南衡阳二模)Doyoueverfeelguiltyforrelaxing,evenafteryou’veworkedhardallday?Doyoufeellikeyoushouldbedoingmoredespiteworkingfullhoursandnearingburnout?Youmaybeexperiencingproductivitydysmorphia(生产力畸形).Itisawaytodescribethefeelingoffailingtorecognizeyouraccomplishmentsandwantingtocontinuedoingmore,evenwhenyou’rerunningonfumes. AuthorAnnaCodrea-Radowhowroteanarticleaboutproductivitydysmorphiaclaimed“itisthepursuitofproductivitythatdrivesustodomorewhilerobbingusoftheabilitytoenjoyanysuccesswemightencounteralongtheway”.Highlycompetitiveandjob-ledculturecontributestoconstantlypursuingproductivitythateatsawayatotherareasoflife.Infact,you’reoftenpraisedforputtingproductivityaboveyourwell-being.Rememberhowschoolsrewardedperfectattendance?Similarly,companiespreferemployeeswhogetthemaxi-mumworkdonewhiletakingthefewestpossiblebreaks.Rewardslikethesehavestrengthenedthatrestisbadandthatbeingconstantlyatworkistherightthingtodo.Plus,theproblemisn’tthatthebosstellsthemtodoit,butratherthattheyinternalizetheneedtoalwaysbeproductiveevenwhenthey’regoingsome-wheretoenjoyleisuretime.Habitslikethesemaybebornoutofthesocialpressuretofindself-worthinworkachievements.Somewritershaveevenbegundescribingrestasproductive,asifpeopleshouldstoprelaxingifitdoesn’timproveperformanceinsomeway.Notonlydoesthismindsetmakeitdifficulttoviewandcelebrateyourachievements,butitalsopushesyoutobuildyourentirelifearoundwork.Theonlymilestonesthatmatterareachievingworkgoals.Theworstpart?There’snosenseoffulfillmentwhenyoureachthesegoals.1.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“runningonfumes”meaninparagraph1?A.Tired.B.Excited.C.Satisfied.D.Disappointed. 2.Whichisthereasonforconstantlypursuingproductivity?A.Minorcompetitiveness.B.Pressurefromjobs.C.Instructionsfromtheboss.D.Internalizedneeds.3.Whichmaybeanexampleofproductivitydysmorphia?A.Amancompletesworkinworkinghours.B.Amanenjoysleisuretimewithhisfamily.C.Awomanworkseverywhereatanytime.D.Awomanstopsforarelaxationregularly.4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthedescriptionofsomewriters?A.Favorable.B.Negative.C.Unconcerned.D.Neutral.Passage2(2023安徽蚌埠三模)Wheatandcornareusedtomakebread,pizzaandotherdeliciousfoods,butinafewyearstheycouldalsopoweryourcar.Renewablebiofuelscouldsoonreplacetheharmfulfossilfuelsthatwe’reusedtousing.It’snowwellestablishedthatfossilfuelsareincrediblyharmfultoourhealthandtheenvironmentandthey’renotrenewable,either.Whensomanypeoplerelyonpetrolanddiesel(柴油)topowervehicles,itmakessensetodeveloparenewablealternativethat’seasytouse.That’swherebiofuelcomesin.Themostcommonbiofuelproducedgloballyisethanol(乙醇),andit’susedfrequentlyinBrazilandtheUS,whilebiodieselismorepopularinEurope.However,first-generationbiofuelslikeethanolhavegotissuesthatneedfixingbeforetheycangomainstream.Itcurrentlytakesmoreethanolthangasolinetoproducethesameamountofenergy,forinstance.Productionisexpensive,andseveralpartsoftheprocesssometimesusefossilfuels,whichmeansthatsomebiofuelsaren’tactuallycarbon-free.Someenvironmentalcampaignersalsosaythatitwouldbemoreusefultogrowcropsforfoodratherthanbiofuel,andthatgrowingcropsforbiofuelcancauseproblemswithsoillossanddeforestation.Usinglandforfuelratherthanfoodcanleadtoanincreaseinfoodprices,too,andcanaffectnaturalhabitats. Cropandfat-basedbiofunelsmaynotbeperfect,butthosearen’ttheonlybiofuelsavailable.Someorganisationsarecreatingbiofuelswithalgae(海藻)instead.Thisprocessuseswaterandlandthatoftenisn’tsuitableformanyothersituations,soitdoesn’ttakeupspacethat’susefulforfoodproduction,anditoftenhasbetteryields(产量)thanothertypesofbiofuelcomponents.There’splentyofdevelopmentbeyondalgae,too.Somecompaniesevenuseseaweed.Scientistsarealsoworkingonplansthatwillbeabletoabstractbiofuelsfromhouseholdwaste,woodchipsandotherjunk—amovethatcouldmassivelyincreasethematerialthat’sviableforbiofuelproduction.Thesesecond-generationbiofuelscouldmakebiofuelfarcheaperandmoreaccessible,andhelpcutemissionsdown.5.Whyarebiofuelssupposedtoreplacefossilfuels?A.Fossilfuelsaredifficulttoproduce.B.Fossilfuelsareharmfultovehicles.C.Biofuelsareeconomicalandattainable.D.Biofuelsareeco-friendlyandsustainable.6.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Thepotentialofgasoline.B.Theadvantagesofbiofuels.C.ThepopularityofethanolinEurope.D.Theproblemswithfirst-generationbiofuels.7.Whyisalgaeusedtocreatebiofuelsbysomeorganisations?A.Itcanreducesoilloss.B.Itisoftenmoreproductive.C.Itoccupiesnolandtogrow.D.Ithelpstolowerfoodprices.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“viable”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Stable.B.Durable.C.Workable.D.Flexible.Passage3(2023陕西西安三模)Inamajorstepforwardformonitoringthebiodiversityofmarine(海洋的)systems,anewstudypublishedinthejournalEnvironmentalDNAdetailshowMonterey BayAquariumResearchInstitute(MBARI)researchersareusingautonomousunderwaterrobotstosampleenvironmentalDNA(eDNA),whichallowsscientiststodetectthepresenceofaquaticspeciesfromthetinybitsofgenetic(遗传学的)materialtheyleavebehind.This“DNAsoup”offerscluesaboutbiodiversitychangesinsensitiveareasandthepresenceofrareorendangeredspecies—allcriticaltounderstandingandpreservingahealthyocean. ResearcherscombinedtwonovelautonomousplatformsdevelopedbyMBARIforthisstudy—theLong-RangeAutonomousUnderwaterVehicle(LRAUV)andtheEnvironmentalSampleProcessor(ESP).TheLRAUVcantravelforweeksatatimeandforhundredsofkilometers.Itcanenablemorefrequentsamplinginremotesitesthantraditionalresearchships.TheESPisarobotic“laboratory-in-a-can”thatfilters(过滤)seawaterandpreserveseDNAforfuturestudy.ByequippinganLRAUVwithESPtechnology,researcherscanmonitortheoceanbetter.“WeknowthateDNAisanincrediblypowerfultoolforstudyingoceancommunities,butwe’vebeenlimitedbywhatwecanaccomplishusingexpensivecrewedresearchships.Now,autonomoustechnologyishelpingusmakebetteruseofourtimeandresourcestostudypreviouslyunsurveyedregionsoftheocean,”saidKobunTruelove,abiologicaloceanographeratMBARIandtheleadauthorofthepaper.Marinebiodiversityisameasureoftheabundanceofindividualsandspeciesintheocean.Thisinterconnectedmixtureoforganismssupportsfoodwebs,producestheairwebreathe,andregulatesourclimate.AutonomoustoolsliketheLRAUVandESPenableMBARIresearcherstomonitorchangesinsensitiveecosystemsinwaysthatwerenotpossiblepreviously.“Ship-basedresearchwillcontinuetoplayanimportantroleinoceanographicstudies,butaddingnewautonomoustechnologytothetoolkitwillexpandcapacityforresearch,monitoring,andresourcemanagement,”saidTruelove.9.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“aquaticspecies”inparagraph1referto?A.Thoselivinginwater.B.Thosegrowingnearwater.C.Thosebecomingendangered.D.ThoseconsumingeDNA.10.WhatcantheLRAUVdo? A.Filterseawatereffectively.B.PreserveeDNAforfuturestudy.C.Travelformonthsatatimeintheocean.D.Reachremoteareasoftheoceanfrequently.11.WhatcanweinferfromTruelove’swords?A.Autonomoustechnologyismoreeconomicalandefficient.B.Ship-basedresearchismoretime-savingandenergy-saving.C.Autonomousrobotshaveentirelyreplacedtraditionalresearchships.D.Crewedresearchshipshelpresearchersstudynewpartsoftheocean.12.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ResearchersDiscovera“DNASoup”B.AutonomousTechnologyNeedsImprovingC.RobotsSampleeDNAtoMonitorOceanHealthD.TheBiodiversityoftheOceanNeedsProtection答案：Passage1[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。本文说明了“生产力畸形”概念的产生,其形成的原因,以及对人们生活的影响。1.A　词句猜测题。根据第一段的“Doyoufeellikeyoushouldbedoingmoredespiteworkingfullhoursandnearingburnout?”以及画线词上文“Itisawaytodescribethefeelingoffailingtorecognizeyouraccomplishmentsandwantingtocontinuedoingmore,evenwhenyou’re”可知,生产力畸形是在你极度疲劳的状态下,仍然想继续工作,对自己已完成的工作没有成就感的一种体验。故画线部分意思是“疲惫的”。2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段的“Highlycompetitiveandjob-ledculturecontributestoconstantlypursuingproductivitythateatsawayatotherareasoflife.”和第四段的“Plus,theproblemisn’tthatthebosstellsthemtodoit,butratherthattheyinternalizetheneedtoalwaysbeproductiveevenwhenthey’regoingsome-wheretoenjoyleisuretime.”可知,内化的需求是我们不断追求生产力的原因。 3.C　推理判断题。根据第一段的“Doyoufeellikeyoushouldbedoingmoredespiteworkingfullhoursandnearingburnout?Youmaybeexperiencingproductivitydysmorphia.”可推知,文章对“生产力畸形”的解释——在极度疲劳的状态下,仍然想继续工作,对自己已完成的工作没有成就感,故而“无论何时何地都在工作”符合定义。4.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知,本文作者对一些作家的描述持否定态度。Passage2[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了可再生生物燃料目前存在的问题和好处,以及对它的展望。5.D　推理判断题。根据第一段中“Renewablebiofuelscouldsoonreplacetheharmfulfossilfuels...that’seasytouse.”可推知,化石燃料对我们的健康和环境有害,而且它们也是不可再生的,而生物燃料是环保和可持续的,所以要用生物燃料取代化石燃料。6.D　主旨大意题。根据第二段中“However,first-generationbiofuelslikeethanolhavegotissues...whichmeansthatsomebiofuelsaren’tactuallycarbon-free.”可知,第二段主要讲述了第一代生物燃料的问题。7.B　推理判断题。根据第四段中“Someorganisationsarecreatingbiofuelswithalgaeinstead...thanothertypesofbiofuelcomponents.”可推知,用藻类制造生物燃料不会占用对粮食生产有用的空间,而且具有更好的产量,所以是效率更高。8.C　词句猜测题。根据最后一段中画线单词前文“Scientistsarealsoworkingonplansthatwillbeabletoabstractbiofuelsfromhouseholdwaste,woodchipsandotherjunk—amovethatcouldmassivelyincreasethematerial”可推知,此处应该是增加可用于生物燃料生产的材料,所以viable应该是“可行的”之意,和C项“Workable”意思相近。Passage3[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了对环境DNA进行采样以监测海洋健康的最新技术。9.A　词句猜测题。根据上下文语境以及上文的“Inamajorstepforwardformonitoringthebiodiversityofmarinesystems”可知,科学家监测的是海洋生物,所以画线词也应该指的是“海洋中的生物”。故选A项。10.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中“TheLRAUVcantravelforweeksatatimeandforhundredsofkilometers. Itcanenablemorefrequentsamplinginremotesitesthantraditionalresearchships.”可知,远程自主水下航行器(LRAUV)可以经常到达海洋的偏远地区。故选D项。11.A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Now,autonomoustechnologyishelpingusmakebetteruseofourtimeandresourcestostudypreviouslyunsurveyedregionsoftheocean”可知,自主技术更加经济、高效。故选A项。12.C　主旨大意题。通读全文,特别是根据第一段中的“Inamajorstepforwardformonitoringthebiodiversityofmarinesystems...leavebehind.”可知,本文主要介绍了对环境DNA进行采样以监测海洋健康的最新技术。故选C项。词汇积累:1.(Passage1)guiltyadj.内疚的,羞愧的2.(Passage1)failtodosth.未能做某事3.(Passage1)accomplishmentn.成绩,成就4.(Passage1)pursuitn.追求5.(Passage1)robsb.ofsth.剥夺某人某物6.(Passage1)encountervt.遇到,遭遇7.(Passage1)senseoffulfillment成就感8.(Passage2)alternativen.替代品9.(Passage2)takeup占据10.(Passage2)abstractadj.抽象的11.(Passage3)preservevt.保护12.(Passage3)autonomousadj.自动的13.(Passage3)abundancen.大量,丰盛14.(Passage3)regulatevt.控制,管理熟词生义:(Passage2)moven.措施(Passage3)detailvt.详述长难句分析:(Passage1)Plus,theproblemisn’tthatthebosstellsthemtodoit,butratherthattheyinternalizetheneedtoalwaysbeproductiveevenwhenthey’regoingsome-wheretoenjoyleisuretime. 分析:本句为复合句。not...but连接并列的表语从句thatthebosstellsthemtodoit和thattheyinternalizetheneedtoalwaysbeproductive;evenwhenthey’regoingsome-wheretoenjoyleisuretime为when引导的时间状语从句。句意:另外,问题不在于老板让他们这么做,而在于他们把保持高效率的需求内在化了,即使他们要去某个地方享受休闲时光。