适用于老高考旧教材2024版高考英语二轮复习专项能力提升练阅读理解文体分类练5说明文之生态环保类（附解析）

文体分类练(五)　说明文之生态环保类(限时:25分钟)Passage1(2023河北邯郸一模)BeeprotectionisabigissuethesedaysinAmerica,withpeopleplantingnativepollinatorgardens,settingupbeehouses,andtakingpartinscientificactivitiestomonitorlocalbeepopulations.Andthisisforgoodreason—inNorthAmerica,aquarterofnativebeespeciesareatriskofextinction.Beespollinate35percentofourglobalfoodsupplyandmanyofthewildplantsourecosystemsdependon.NoMowMay,amovementthatbeganintheUK,isnowrapidlyspreadingthroughouttheUS.Itspopularityliesinitsbeingsimple:JustgivebeesahelpduringthecrucialspringtimebyremovingachorefromyourlistandlettingyourlawngrowforthemonthofMay.Thislets“lawnflowers”suchasdandelionsgrowatatimewhenbeefoodisrare.Dandelions,despitebeingprettyanduseful,arenon-native.Thenwhydowepromoteamovementthatencouragestheirgrowth?Here’sthebasicanswer—don’tlet“perfect”betheenemyof“good”.Sure,it’dbegreattoturnyourentireneighborhoodintoabeekingdomofnativeplants,butthatcantakelotsoftimeandmoney.WhiledandelionshavebecometheposterchildforNoMowMay,otherplants—includingnativespecies—mayalsoappearinyourlawn.“Besidesdandelions,therearemanyotherplantsthataregoingtobethere,”saysDr.ClaudioGrattonattheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison. InMassachusetts,scientistsfound63speciesofplantsinlawns,30percentofwhichwerenativetothestate.MostoftheAmericansprobablyloveddandelionsaschildrenbuthavetendedtohatethemasadultsbecauseofAmericanlawnculture,whichallowsnoflowers.“NoMowMayforcesustothinkaboutourrelationshipwithnature.Weshouldreflectonthewaywehavemadenaturesuitourneeds,andrealizeflowersplayreallyimportantroles,”saysDr.ClaudioGratton.1.WhatisthebackgroundtoNoMowMayintheUS?A.Nativebeespeciesareincreasing. B.Thereisatendencytoprotectbees.C.Beesmainlydependongardenplants.D.Morepeoplehavenotimetocutlawns.2.WhatdoweknowabouttheNoMowMay?A.Itneedsalmostnocost.B.FewAmericanssupportit.C.Itisaimedatgrowingdandelions.D.Itappealsforcarefulattentiontothelawns.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“posterchild”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Slightelement.B.Rareexception.C.Typicalexample.D.Difficultproblem.4.WhichofthefollowingagreeswithAmericanlawnculture?A.Abee-friendlylawn.B.Aregularlycutlawn.C.Alawngrowingnaturally.D.Alawnwithnativeflowers.Passage2(2023安徽安庆二模)Interactivesoftwarethat“reads”andanalysesfootprintsleftbyblackrhinos(犀牛)canbeusedtomonitorthemovementsoftheanimalsinthewild,givingconservationistsanewwaytokeepwatchontheendangeredspeciesandhelpkeepitsafefrompoachers(偷猎者),accordingtoaDukeUniversity-ledstudy.Thesoftware,calledtheFootprintIdentificationTechnique(FIT),usesadvancedtechnologytoanalyzemorethan100measurementsofarhino’sfootprint.Becauseeachrhino’sfootprintisasspecialasahumanfingerprint,theanalyzedimagescanbecollectedelectronicallyinaglobaldatabaseofpreviouslycollectedfootprintimagesformatching.“Ifyoufindamatch,youcanidentifytheindividualanimalwholeftthemarkand,byplottingthelocationsofalltheotherplaceswheremarkshavebeenseen,trackitsmovementswithoutdisturbingitorcomingintocloseenoughcontactwithit,”saidZoeJewell,aprofessoratDukeUniversity’sNicholasSchooloftheEnvironment,whoco-ledthestudyandisco-creatorofFIT. “It’sacost-effectiveapproachthatnotonlyprotectsthehealthoftherhinoandthehuman,butalsobringsacenturies-oldtrackingskillintothe21stCentury,”shesaid.JewellandhercolleaguesarenowworkingwithNamibia’sMinistryofEnvironment,ForestryandTourismtotrainwildlifeconservationists,landmanagersandlocalguideshowtouseFIT.Namibiaishometoanestimated2,000blackrhinos,orabout90%ofthespecies’totalpopulationworldwide.Thoughlegallyownedbythegovernment,theanimalsaredistributedgeographicallyonprivatelandsacrossthecountry.TheFITsoftwarecanalsodoasurveyoffootprintsthroughouttheprotectedareaandtakemeasurementsfromeachfootprinttoestimatethenumberofrhinosinthatarea.Thiscanbeusefulinformationforcalculationresourceneedstomonitortheanimalseffectively.Thiscreatesaninteractivelibrarythatanti-poachingpatrols(反偷猎巡逻)canusetosearchforanimalsatthehighestrisk,includingthosewhosefootprintshaven’tbeenshowingupinrecentyears.5.Whatisthepurposeofthesoftware?A.Topromotethedevelopmentoftechnology.B.Toprotectblackrhinosfrombeinghunted.C.Toanalyzethefootprintsofillegalpoachers.D.Tosaveendangeredspeciesacrosstheworld.6.What’stheadvantageofthesoftware?A.Itownsvariousfunctions.B.Itgoestothemarket.C.Itisperfectlypractical.D.Itismorethanpopular.7.WhatdoesZoeJewellsayabouttheapproach?A.Itbringsthebestadvantageforthelowestcost.B.Ithelpsincreasethepopulationofblackrhinos.C.Itraisespeople’sawarenessoftheenvironment.D.Itstrengthensthetiebetweenhumansandnature.8.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefutureofrhinos?A.Optimistic.B.Hopeless.C.Worrying.D.Uncertain. Passage3(2023四川凉山二诊)Thesedays,EarthDayiscelebratedeveryyearonApril22inschoolsandcitiesacrosstheUnitedStates.Thereareclassprojects,programs,treeplantingsandmanyotherofficialevents.So,itmaybehardtorealizethatwhenitfirststarted,EarthDaywasconsideredaradical(激进的)protest.Themodernenvironmentalmovementbeganinthe1960s.Itwasatimeofthegenerationgap.Youngpeoplewereactingoutagainsttheirparents’wayoflife.CollegecampuseswererockedbydemonstrationagainstthewarinVietnamandotherissues.Inthemiddleofthis,in1970,aUSsenator(参议员)fromWisconsinnamedGaylordNelsoncameupwiththeideaforEarthDay.Ashelaterexplainedit,theideawastochannel“thestudentanti-warenergy”intotheenvironmentalcause.Alotofyoungpeoplefeltthatsciencewastheenemy.Thiswasinspiteofthefactthatalotofthepeoplewhowerewarningthepublicaboutairandwaterpollutionandanimalsindangerwerescientists.Afterall,wasn’tittechnology—cars,housingdevelopmentsandfactories—thatwascausingtheproblembyspreadingpollutionanddestroyingnature?SomeadultswhohadthoughtEarthDaysupportershadgonetoofarmadefunofthem.Theycalledthem“treehuggers”.Environmentalistswererightthattechnologyhadtobecontrolled.Lawsandregulationswereneededtomakesurethatbothindustryandscienceactedresponsibly.Still,sciencegotabadname.Itwasasifyouhadtochooseeitherscienceornature.Youcouldn’thaveboth.Lately,though,thesituationhaschanged.Wehavecometoseethatscienceandtheenvironmentdonothavetobeenemies.Technologycanbeusedtoprotecttheenvironment,notdestroyit.Lookatalltheadvancesincleanenergythathavecomefromscience.JustasEarthDayhasevolved,sohasourviewofscienceandnature.Weknowtodaythatwedonothavetochoosebetweenthetwo.Instead,weunderstandthatscienceisoneofthemaintoolswecanusetoprotecttheenvironment.Youcanbeascientistanda“treehugger”.That’sbigadvancementforscienceandgreatnewsfortrees.9.WhatdostudentsusuallydoonEarthDay?A.Cutdowntrees. B.Joininaprotest.C.Launchaninvestigation.D.Completeaclassproject.10.WhydidGaylordNelsonsuggestcelebratingEarthDay?A.Toencourageyoungstudentstoprotectnature.B.Todirectthepublic’sattentiontoenvironmentalchanges.C.Totakestudents’attentionawayfromanti-wardemonstration.D.Tonarrowthegenerationgapbetweenyoungpeopleandtheirparents.11.Whatdidsomeadultsthinkof“treehuggers”?A.Tooextreme.B.Quiterational.C.Veryknowledgeable.D.Reallyconsiderate.12.Whichstatementissupportedbytheauthor?A.Peoplehavetochooseeitherscienceornature.B.Nowadayssciencecanservetoprotecttheenvironment.C.Sciencehasbeenplayingapositivepartthewholetime.D.Thedevelopmentofsciencedoesharmtotheenvironment.答案：Passage1[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。“NoMowMay”运动起源于英国,并在北美迅速扩展开来。通过这项活动,人们可以为草坪留下自由生长的花,以此让蜜蜂授粉。这一活动不仅有利于生态环境,而且可以让人反思自己与自然的关系。1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段可知,NoMowMay在美国的背景是有一种保护蜜蜂的趋势。2.A　推理判断题。根据第二段可推知,这项运动几乎不用任何费用。3.C　词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“otherplants—includingnativespecies—mayalsoappearinyourlawn”可知,蒲公英是“NoMowMay”运动扩展后常见的花,而这项运动也会让草坪上长出其他种类的花。即蒲公英是“NoMowMay”运动的典型例子。故可推断,画线部分意为“典型例子”。4.B　推理判断题。根据第二段中“Itspopularityliesinitsbeingsimple:JustgivebeesahelpduringthecrucialspringtimebyremovingachorefromyourlistandlettingyourlawngrowforthemonthofMay.”及最后一段中“MostoftheAmericansprobablyloveddandelionsaschildrenbuth avetendedtohatethemasadultsbecauseofAmericanlawnculture,whichallowsnoflowers.”可知,一块定期修剪的草坪才是符合美国草坪文化的。Passage2[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款新的软件,这款名为FIT的软件可以用来监控野生动物的活动,同时帮助保护主义者来监视濒危物种,并保护这些濒危物种免受偷猎者的伤害。5.B　细节理解题。根据第一段“Interactivesoftwarethat‘reads’andanalysesfootprintsleftbyblackrhinoscanbeusedtomonitorthemovementsoftheanimalsinthewild,givingconservationistsanewwaytokeepwatchontheendangeredspeciesandhelpkeepitsafefrompoachers,accordingtoaDukeUniversity-ledstudy.”可知,交互式软件可以用来监控野生动物的活动,同时给保护主义者提供了一种新的方法来监视濒危物种,并帮助保护它们免受偷猎者的伤害。6.C　细节理解题。根据第二段“Thesoftware,calledtheFootprintIdentificationTechnique(FIT),usesadvancedtechnologytoanalyzemorethan100measurementsofarhino’sfootprint.Becauseeachrhino’sfootprintisasspecialasahumanfingerprint,theanalyzedimagescanbecollectedelectronicallyinaglobaldatabaseofpreviouslycollectedfootprintimagesformatching.”可知,这款软件可以通过采集犀牛的足迹,然后会和先前收集的足迹图像的全球数据库进行匹配。可推知,这款软件是非常实用的。7.A　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“‘It’sacost-effectiveapproachthatnotonlyprotectsthehealthoftherhinoandthehuman,butalsobringsacenturies-oldtrackingskillintothe21stCentury,’shesaid.”可知,ZoeJewell认为它以最低的成本带来最大的优势。8.A　推理判断题。根据第一段和最后一段可知,FIT软件可以用来监控野生动物的活动,同时帮助保护主义者来监视濒危物种,并保护这些濒危物种免受偷猎者的伤害。FIT可以对整个保护区的足迹进行调查,并对每个足迹进行测量,以估计该区域的犀牛数量,因而未来犀牛的数量应该是朝着人们期望的方向发展。Passage3[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地球日的起源和发展以及作者希望人们转变观念——科学可以为保护环境服务。9.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thereareclassprojects,programs,treeplantingsandmanyotherofficialevents.”可知,学生通常在地球日可以完成班级项目。故选D项。 10.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Ashelaterexplainedit,theideawastochannel‘thestudentanti-warenergy’intotheenvironmentalcause.”可知,盖洛德·尼尔森是想把学生的注意力从反战示威上转移开。故选C项。11.A　推理判断题。根据第三段中“SomeadultswhohadthoughtEarthDaysupportershadgonetoofarmadefunofthem.Theycalledthem‘treehuggers’.”可知,一些成年人认为地球日的支持者的做法太过火了,换句话说,一些成年人认为地球日的支持者们的做法太极端了。故选A项。12.B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Instead,weunderstandthatscienceisoneofthemaintoolswecanusetoprotecttheenvironment.”可知,作者支持的观点是现如今科学可以为保护环境服务。故选B项。词汇积累:1.(Passage1)atriskof冒着……危险　2.(Passage1)popularityn.受欢迎3.(Passage1)benativeto原产于,源于……的4.(Passage1)reflecton仔细考虑,思考5.(Passage2)keepwatchon监视6.(Passage2)showup出现7.(Passage3)protestn.抗议,反对8.(Passage3)demonstrationn.游行示威9.(Passage3)regulationn.规章制度,法规熟词生义:(Passage2)plotvt.(在地图上)画出(Passage3)rockvt.使震惊,惊吓长难句分析:(Passage2)Thiscreatesaninteractivelibrarythatanti-poachingpatrols(反偷猎巡逻)canusetosearchforanimalsatthehighestrisk,includingthosewhosefootprintshaven’tbeenshowingupinrecentyears.分析:本句为复合句。thatanti-poachingpatrols(反偷猎巡逻)canusetosearchforanimalsatthehighestrisk为that引导的定语从句;whosefootprintshaven’tbeenshowingupinrecentyears为whose引导的定语从句。句意:这创建了一个交互式库,反偷猎巡逻队可以使用它来搜索风险最高的动物,包括那些近年来没有出现脚印的动物。