英语（心得）之浅谈英语语法及其分类

英语论文之浅谈英语语法及其分类 <br />【摘 要】当代英语语法流派可以粗略地分为三大类:规定性语法、描述性语法和解释性语法。本文简单介绍了各类语法的起源、基本概念 <br />及其主要特点,并提出了作者对怎样正确对待传统语法的观点。 <br />【关键词】英语语法;分类;规定性语法;描述性语法;解释性语法 <br />【Abstract】TheprincipalschoolsofcontemporaryEnglishgrammarmayroughlybepidedintothreemajorclasses:PrescriptiveGrammar, <br />DescriptiveGrammarandExplanatoryGrammar.Thisarticlebrieflyintroducestheirorigins,basicconceptsandmaincharacteristics,andgivesthe <br />author’sopiniononhowweshouldproperlythinkofTraditionalGrammar. <br />【Keywords】Engilshgrammar;classification;prescriptivegrammar;descriptivegrammar;explanatorygrammar <br />Introduction:Fromthelinguisticpointofview,Englishlanguage, <br />likeanyotherlivinglanguageintheworld,consistsofthreeessential <br />elements:pronunciation,vocabularyandgrammar. <br />Pronunciationisthematerialoutershellofalanguage,orthe <br />materialforminwhichalanguageexists.Vocabularyreferstoallthe <br />constructionsofalanguage.Grammardealswiththesystematiclawsand <br />rulesofalanguage,includingitsforms,inflexionsandwaystomake <br />sentences.Grammarisoftencomparedtotheplasterandskeletondesigns <br />ofbuildingofalanguage. <br />Letusdrawananalogysoastomakeclearertherelationbetween <br />thethreebasicelements.Supposingalanguageisabuilding,then <br />pronunciationisitsoutershape,vocabularyisthematerialofconstruction <br />(suchasbrick,tile,reinforcebars,cement,etc.)andgrammarisjustlike <br />thedesignsandtechniquesofconstruction. <br />Amongthethreeessentialelements,pronunciation,asthematerial <br />basisoftheexistenceofalanguage,isprimary;vocabularyliesonthe <br />centralpositionastheothertwoareexpressedbymeansofit,while <br />grammaristheusefulandnecessarytoolforustostudyandusea <br />language.Withoutit,wewouldfeelitquitedifficulttousealanguage <br />correctly,especiallyaforeignlanguage.Forastudentorateacherof <br />English,itisstillmorenecessarytostudygrammar. <br />Accordingtothedevelopmentofgrammar,theprincipalschoolsof <br />contemporaryEnglishgrammarmayroughlybepidedintothreemajor <br />classes: Prescriptive Grammar, Descriptive Grammar and <br />ExplanatoryGrammar.Hereisasketchyintroductiontosomeofthem: <br />A.PrescriptiveGrammar <br />PrescriptivegrammaroriginatedinancientGreektimesofPlatoand <br />Aristotle.Atthattime,grammarwasonlytreatedasthetoolofenjoying <br />literature,andthechangesoflanguagewerelookeduponasdecayand <br />degeneration.Theancientformsofalanguagewereheldinesteemand <br />thegrammarianstriedtokeepthemfixedandunchanged.Prescriptive <br />grammarmainlyconsistsoftwoparts:MorphologyandSyntax.Therewere <br />eightpartsofspeechandaseriesofgrammaticalrulesbasedonLatin <br />grammarwithagreatnumberofillustrationsfrom theworksofsome <br />famouswriters. <br />AllPrescriptiveGrammarschoolshavesuchcommoncharacteristics <br />asbelow:www.freetem4tem8.cn <br />a.Thegrammarrulesaremadeonthebasisoflogicalreasoning(just <br />likeLatingrammar),andusedtodecidewhetheracertainlanguage <br />phenomenoniscorrectornot. <br />b.ThesystemispidedintoMorphologyandSyntax. <br />c.Theanalysisofsentenceismademoreorlessaccordingtotheir <br />meanings(thusalsocalled&ldquo;notionalgrammar&rdquo;).Itisemphasizedthatone <br />languageformexpressesonlyoneconceptofidea. <br />ThemainschoolsofPrescriptiveGrammarare: <br />a.SchoolGrammar---theonecompiledforteachingalanguagein <br />th th <br />schoolsfromthe18centurytothe20century. <br />b.PracticalGrammar---theoneusedtomaster,ormoreexactly,to <br />helpthecommandofaforeignlanguage. <br />c.TraditionalGrammar---allthegrammarschoolsdifferentfrom <br />Desc...