山东省部分省重点中学2021届高三第二次质量监测联考英语试题 Word版含解析

第二次质量监测联考英语注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whattimeisitnow?A.5:15.B.5:30.C.5:45.2.Howdoesthemanfeel?A.Frightened.B.Proud.C.Excited.3.Whatistheman'sphonenumber?A.560-1278.B.560-1287.C.650-1287.4.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Howlongtheyhaven'tmet.B.Howthewomanwenttocollege.C.Howthewoman'slifeisgoing.5.WhatdoesthewomanthinkofFrenchfood?,A.Itisdelicious.B.Itiseasytomake.C.Itistime-consuming.第二节(共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatwillthewomandoduringtheholiday?A.Workonareport.B.Traveltosomewhere.C.Havearest.7.Whydoesthewomanrefusetolendhercartotheman?A.Shelentittootherpeople.B.Hebrokeitbefore.C.Shesolditout.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Colleagues.B.Husbandandwife.C.Friends.9.Whatdothespeakersthinkoftheirfuture?A.Promising.B.Blank.C.Unclear.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatarethespeakerslookingforwardto?A.Relaxingthemselves.B.Reunitingwithparents.C.Finishingtheremainingwork.11.WhatwillthewomandoduringtheSpringFestival?A.TravelaroundBeijing.B.Travelacrossthecountry.C.Gettogetherwithherparents.12.Wheredoesthewomancomefrom?A.Thecountryside.B.Beijing.C.AcitynearBeijing.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.WhydidLina'sfamilygototownatHalloween?A.Theyhadnoneighbors.B.Theydidn'thavemanyneighbors.C.Thepeopleintownwerefriendly.14.WhatdidLina'sparentsdowhilethekidswenttotrick-or-treat?A.Theywentwiththekids.B.Theywaitedforthekids.C.Theywanderedaroundthetown.,15.WhatdidLina'sdadoncedressupas?A.Apoliceman.B.Apasser-by.C.SantaClaus.16.HowdoyoulikeLina'sparents?A.Theylovelife.B.Theyarestrange.C.Theyarestubborn.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WhatdidthespeakereatonthetraintoParis?AAhamburger.B.Asteak.C.Ahotdog.18.HowdidthespeakergotoRome?A.Bytrain.B.Bycoach.C.Byplane.19.WhydoesthespeakerwanttositnexttoMaria?A.Tohelpherrelaxwhenflying.B.Tolistentomusicwithher.C.Tolearnfromher.20.WhatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakerandMaggie?A.Classmates.B.Husbandandwife.C.Brotherandsister.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ANotallwalksneedbeaforcedmarch.Hereare4ofBritain'sgentlestroutes,bothurbantrailsandcountrysidemeanderings（曲径）.TheGrandUnionCanal,BirminghamStartPoint:TheBordesleyCentreTheoriginalGrandUnionCanalrunsfor137miles,takingyouthroughanindustrialareatodiscoverthehiddenworldofcanals,withnarrowboats,wildlifeandfishermen.Alongthecanal,lookoutforwildflowersandbirdlife,andnarrowboatsnegotiatingthelocks.Thewalkcanbeextendedalongthecanalateitherendtomakeitflexibleinlength.WarleyWoods,KeswickStartpoint:KeswickYouthHostelStartinginthecentreofKeswick,thiswalktakesyouupthroughCastleheadWood,theperfect,placeforawoodlandadventure,andtoawonderfulviewpointoverDerwentwaterandthesurroundingmountains.TheroutethentakesyoudowntothelakeshoreandreturnsacrossCrowParktothemarketsquare.Chester-le-Street,CountyDurhamStartpoint:Chester-le-StreetAmateurRowingClubAlovelyriversidewalkalongthebanksoftheRiverWear,throughRiversideParkandpastDurhamcountyfootballclub.Thecircularroutefollowsacurveintheriver,meaningyou'llhavebeautifulviewsalongtheway.Watchtherowersontheriverorstopintheparktofeedtheswansandducks.Thiswalkiswheelchair-friendly.HathersageFlowerMeadows（草地），DerbyshireStartpoint:HathersageRailwayStationThereareattractiveviewstobeappreciatedthroughoutthisscenicwalkandtwositesofprotectedmeadowofferarealtreattosummertimewalkers.Fansoftheworksofgreatmasters,likeCharlotteBronte,willenjoyspottingseveralplacesthatarecloselyassociatedwiththeauthors.1.WhatcanyoudoinWarleyWoods?A.Enjoymountainscenery.B.Walkalongthecanal.C.Goboatingonthelake.D.Doshoppinginthepark.2.WhatisspecialaboutChester-le-Street?A.Itisattractivetoshoppers.B.Itisavailabletothedisabled.C.Itisfriendlytoforeigntourists.D.Itispopularwithfootballfans.3.Whichplacedoliteratureloversprefer?A.TheGrandUnionCanal.B.WarleyWoods.C.Chester-le-Street.D.HathersageFlowerMeadows.【答案】1.A2.B3.D,【解析】这是一篇应用文，介绍了四条在英国适合散步的路线。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据WarleyWoods,Keswick部分的“andtoawonderfulviewpointoverDerwentwaterandthesurroundingmountains.”（并在Derwentwater和周围的山脉上欣赏美妙的景色。）可知，人们在WarleyWoods可以欣赏到周围的山景。故选A。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据“Chester-le-Street,CountyDurham”部分的“Thiswalkiswheelchair-friendly.”（这条道方便轮椅）可知，人们可使用轮椅在Chester-le-Street通行。由此推知，这条线路的特别之处是残疾人可以选择这条散步路线。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最HathersageFlowerMeadows（草地），Derbyshire部分的“Fansoftheworksofgreatmasters,likeCharlotteBronte,willenjoyspottingseveralplacesthatarecloselyassociatedwiththeauthors.”（像夏洛蒂·勃朗特(CharlotteBronte)这样的大师作品的粉丝，会很高兴地发现几个与作者密切相关的地方。）可知，HathersageFlowerMeadow的散步路线上有很多与文学巨匠相关的地方，由此可知，这条路线特别适合文学爱好者散步。故选D。BAsmyhusbandandIdrovedownacountryroad,wepassedafirestationwithasignthatread,"Areyoureadyforthenextstorm?”OurareahadjustbeeninthepathofHurricaneIrma,causingdownedtreesandoutages.Wewerestuckinthedarkandcutofffromtheoutsideworld.Wehavehadourshareofstormsinthepast--asnowstormandotherheavysnowsthatknockeddowntrees,sometimesuptoaweekatatime.Thosedaysinacoldhouseweren'tfun,butwelearnedsomuchfromthoseearlystorms,thingsthatmadelaterstormseasiertobear.Nowwehavestoredupflashlights,lanternsandcandles.Weboughtabattery-operatedradiotokeepupwiththenews.Westockeduponbatteriessothatwe'dhaveplentyforextendedpowerfailures.Wemakesureourgrill（烤架）isreadyanditstankisfull,andwepurchasefoodthatcanbeeasilypreparedandthencookedorheatedonthegrill.Andwedon'tforgettobuyemergencychocolate!Wehavebooklightstoreadinthedark.Wekeepourcargastanksfullandhaveemergencycashonhand.We'rereadyforthenextstorm,butwewouldn'thavelearnedtodoallthosethingsifwehadn't,encounteredastorminthepast.Thesameistruespiritually.Thoselittlestormsinourlivesareneverfun,buttheyprepareusforthebigstorms--thebigtrials--thatwillcomeourway,Theycanteachussomevaluablelessons.Areyoureadyforthenextstorm?Nowisthetimetogetready...notwhenthestormarrives.4.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword"outages”inparagraph1?A.weatherchangeB.virus'spreadingC.powerfailureD.emotionalreaction5.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Thelessonsthatstormscanteachus.B.Theimportanceofbeingreadyforstorms.C.Thenecessitiestheauthorboughtforherdailylife.D.Thepreparationstheauthormadeforthenextstorm.6.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofexperiencingthepaststorms?A.Itwasrewarding.B.Itwasannoying.C.Itwasthrilling.D.Itwasfrightening.7.Whatcanwelearnfromtheauthor'sstory?A.Thingswillworkout.B.Keepsomethingforarainyday.C.Don'tstopregardlessoftheweather.D.Sunshinealwayscomesafterthestorm.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.B【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。作者经历过暴风雨后就懂得要为下一次暴风雨做好准备。作者通过自身经历告诉我们要未雨绸缪，要为人生中出现的困境随时做好准备。【4题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词前一句提到“OurareahadjustbeeninthepathofHurricane,Irma，causingdownedtrees”，后一句提到“Wewerestuck…andcutofffromtheoutsideworld”作者和丈夫所在的地区刚刚受到飓风“厄玛”的袭击，causingdownedtrees导致树木倒下，他们被困，与外界失去联系。根据“cutofffromtheoutsideworld”可以猜测“outages”意思为“停电”。故选C。【5题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Nowwehavestoredupflashlights,lanternsandcandles.Weboughtabattery-operatedradiotokeepupwiththenews.Westockeduponbatteriessothatwe'dhaveplentyforextendedpowerfailures.Wemakesureourgrill（烤架）isreadyanditstankisfull,andwepurchasefoodthatcanbeeasilypreparedandthencookedorheatedonthegrill.Andwedon'tforgettobuyemergencychocolate!Wehavebooklightstoreadinthedark.Wekeepourcargastanksfullandhaveemergencycashonhand.”提到经历了以前的暴风雨之后，作者随时准备了照明用的东西、电池，还有烤架、食物,汽车油箱也加满了油,手头还有应急现金。可知，第三段主要讲述了作者为以后的暴风雨所做的准备。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。第四段中提到“butwewouldn'thavelearnedtodoallthosethingsifwehadn'tencounteredastorminthepast.”以及“Theycanteachussomevaluablelessons.”，作者认为如果以前没有经历过暴风雨，就不会学会做这些事情。以前经历的暴风雨教会了他们一些重要的东西。由此可以推断，作者认为曾经经历过的暴风雨对他们是有益的。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。作者最后一段提到“Nowisthetimetogetready...notwhenthestormarrives.”，作者认为现在要为以后的暴风雨做准备，而不是当暴风雨来临的时候才准备。由此可以推断，作者的故事告诉我们一定要未雨绸缪。故选B。COnatriptotheforestsofsouthernIndia,amateurphotographerKaushikVijayanwasshockedtoseesomemassiverodents（啮齿动物），whoaremaroon（紫褐色），leapingfromtreetoptotreetop.Vijayanuploadedtheimagesofthefour-poundrodentstoInstagram,andtheInternetwentcrazyimmediately.Somehadadifficulttimebelievingthatthesquirrels,photographedinthePathanamthittaDistrictofKerala,actuallyexist,thankstotheanimals'brightspotsofblackand,maroon.ButtheIndiangiant（巨大的）squirrel,alsoknownastheMalabargiantsquirrel,istherealdeal.Believeitornot,itisnotalone.Therearethreeothergiantsinthesquirrelfamily,Sciuridae-eachofwhichweighsinattwotothreetimesthesizeofthegraysquirrelsnativetotheeasternUnitedStates.＂Thefourspeciesthatmakeupthisgrouparefascinatingintheirlargesize,brilliantcoloration,andtendencyforfeedingonsomeofthemassivetropicalfruitsonthetrees,"saysKoprowski.Evenamongitsrelatives,theIndiangiantsquirrelstandsoutwithitsbrightcolors,whichmakesonewonderwhyitsevolutionwouldselectfur.Thatwouldcallsomuchattentiontoitself.Afterall,theseforestsarealsohometopredatorssuchaslion-tailedmacaques,leopards,andcrestedserpenteagles-allofwhichhavebeenknowntohuntrodents.Nooneknowsforsure,saysKoprowski,butthesquirrel'spurplepatternsmayserveasawaytohidetheanimalitself.Thisisbecausethebroadleafforeststhesesquirrelsinhabitcreateapatternofsunspotsandshadedareas-notunliketherodents'markings.Inotherwords,whatlooksflashyandfuntousinanInstagrampostmaymakethesquirrelsdisappearwhenhungrymouthscometohunt.Nowthat'sacommontrick.8.HowdidpeoplefeelafterseeingtheMalabargiantsquirrel'simages?A.Nervous.B.Incredible.C.Embarrassed.D.Sorrowful.9.WhatmakestheMalabargiantsquirreldifferentfromtherest?A.Itssize.B.Itshabitat.C.Itscolor.D.Itslifestyle.10.WhydoestheMalabargiantsquirrelhaveunusualfur?A.Toshowitselfoff.B.Toprotectitself.C.Todriveotheranimalsaway.DTocompetewithitscompanions.11.WhichofthefollowingmaybeapotentialthreattotheMalabargiantsquirrel?,A.Humanbeings.B.Rodents'hunting.C.TheInstagrampost.D.Thebroadleafforests.【答案】8.B9.C10.B11.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。摄影家KaushikVijayan在印度发现了皮毛是紫褐色的巨型松鼠，这让很多网友都感到惊奇。经过研究之后，研究者认为是生活环境决定了它的身体特征。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“Somehadadifficulttimebelievingthatthesquirrels,photographedinthePathanamthittaDistrictofKerala,actuallyexist,thankstotheanimals'brightspotsofblackandmaroon.”（照片拍摄于喀拉拉邦的Pathanamthitta区，由于这些动物身上黑色和褐红色的亮点，有些人很难相信这些松鼠真的存在。）可知，一些人很难相信这种松鼠真实存在。由此可知，当人们看到它的图片时，应该是难以置信的。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“ButtheIndiangiantsquirrel,alsoknownastheMalabargiantsquirrel,istherealdeal.Believeitornot,itisnotalone.Therearethreeothergiantsinthesquirrelfamily,Sciuridae-eachofwhichweighsinattwotothreetimesthesizeofthegraysquirrelsnativetotheeasternUnitedStates.”（除了印度大松鼠，也被称为马拉巴尔大松鼠，是真正的大家伙。信不信由你，它并不孤单。松鼠家族中还有另外三种巨松鼠，它们的体重都是美国东部原生灰松鼠的两到三倍。）可知，除了这种紫褐色的巨型松鼠，还有三种体型巨大的松鼠，所以排除体型（size）。再根据第五段“Evenamongitsrelatives,theIndiangiantsquirrelstandsoutwithitsbrightcolors,whichmakesonewonderwhyitsevolutionwouldselectfur.”（即使在它的近亲中，印度大松鼠也以其鲜艳的颜色脱颖而出，这让人不禁要问，为什么它的进化会选择毛皮。）可知，这种新发现的松鼠和同类相比，它的皮毛的颜色最为突出。故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Evenamongitsrelatives,theIndiangiantsquirrelstandsoutwithitsbrightcolors,whichmakesonewonderwhyitsevolutionwouldselectfur.”（即使在它的近亲中，印度大松鼠也以其鲜艳的颜色脱颖而出，这让人不禁要问，为什么它的进化会选择毛皮。）和第六段“Nooneknowsforsure,saysKoprowski,butthesquirrel'spurplepatternsmayserveasa,waytohidetheanimalitself.”（Koprowski说，没有人知道确切的答案，但是松鼠身上的紫色图案可能是一种隐藏动物自身的方式。）可知，这种巨型松鼠的紫色皮毛是为了适应当地环境，从而能隐藏和保护自己。故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Inotherwords,whatlooksflashyandfuntousinanInstagrampostmaymakethesquirrelsdisappearwhenhungrymouthscometohunt.Nowthat'sacommontrick.”（换句话说，在Instagram上看起来光鲜而有趣的东西，可能会让饥饿的松鼠在觅食时消失。这是一个常见的伎俩。）由此推出，人类是这些松鼠的潜在威胁。故选A。DChinasuccessfullysentthe52ndand53rdsatellitesofitsdomesticallydevelopedBeiDouNavigationSatelliteSystem（BDS）-thelasttwomediumEarthorbit（MEO）satellitesfortheBDS-3constellation（星座）－intospaceonMonday,markingthecompletionoftheglobalnavigationsystem'scoreconstellationdeployment（部署）andthisyear'sBDSsatellitelaunchcampaign.LaunchedfromXichangSatelliteLaunchCenter,SichuanProvince,onboardaLongMarch-3BcarrierrocketwithanExpedition-1upperstage,thetwosatelliteswereinjectedintoplannedorbitsaftermorethanthreehours'flight.SincethefirstBDS-3satellitewaslaunchedonNovember5,2017,Chinahasconducted18BDSsatellitelaunchmissions,successfullysending30intotheirplannedorbit,settinganationalrecordforhighestmissionfrequencyandsuccessrate.In-orbittestswillbecarriedoutbeforethetwoMEOsatellitesarecommissioned（正式委托）.BythenthecoreconstellationfortheChineseglobalnavigationsatellitesystemwillbesuccessfullycompleted.WangPing,chiefdesigneroftheBDS-3system,saidthatthehybridconstellationdesign,inwhichthreegroupsofsatellites-theInclinedGeoSynchronousOrbit（IGSO）,MEOandgeosynchronousEarthorbit（GEO）-workinconcertindifferentorbits,wasanexclusiveBDSinnovationandaworldfirst.“Existingglobalnavigationsatellitesystems,suchastheUSGPSandRussia'sGLONASS,onlyhaveaMEOsatelliteconstellation,”saidWang.TheMEOsatellites,inorbit20,000kilometersaboveEarth,areaspecialtypeofsatelliteprovidingglobalservice,whiletheIGSOandGEOsatellites,inanorbit360,000kilometersabove,Earth,mainlyenhanceregionalservicequality,accordingtoWang.ThatexplainedwhycompletionoftheMEOconstellationwassignificant,markingthecompletionofthecorenetworkforBDS-3,meaningastableBDS-3globalcoveragewithoutweakpointshasbeencarriedout.FeedbackshowsthattheBDSservicequalitywasalreadycomparabletoGPSsincetheendof2018,andaftercompletingBDS-3,“WewillbeasgoodasanyGNSS,”Wangsaid.12.HowmanyBDSsatellitesweresentintotheirplanned·orbitsuccessfully?A.3.B.5.C.18.D.30.13.What'stheadvantageofBDScomparedwithGPSandGLONASS?ATheexcellentservicequality.B.Thediversefunctions.C.Thelowercostofdesigningit.D.Theabilitytoworkindifferentorbits.14.WhyaretheMEOsatellitesimportant?A.Theycanservetheworld.B.Theycanenterfartherorbits.C.Theycanavoidalltheweakpoints.D.Theycanbeputintouseimmediately.15.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.ExploringSpaceIsVeryImportanttotheWorldB.TheBDS-3SystemHasBenefitedManyCountriesC.TheCoreConstellationofBDS-3CompletesDeploymentD.ChinaBecomestheFirstCountrytoLaunchaMEOSatellite【答案】12.D13.D14.A15.C【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。中国成功发射了北斗三号全球卫星导航系统的两颗卫星，此举意义重大。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“SincethefirstBDS-3satellitewaslaunchedonNovember5,2017,Chinahasconducted18BDSsatellitelaunchmissions,successfullysending30intotheirplannedorbit,settinganationalrecordforhighestmissionfrequencyandsuccessrate.”（自2017年11月,5日发射第一颗北斗三号卫星以来，中国已成功执行18次北斗卫星发射任务，将30颗卫星送入计划轨道，创全国发射频率和成功率最高纪录。）可知，中国自2017年来，已经成功地把30颗北斗导航卫星送入预定轨道。故选D。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“WangPing,chiefdesigneroftheBDS-3system,saidthatthehybridconstellationdesign,inwhichthreegroupsofsatellites-theInclinedGeoSynchronousOrbit（IGSO）,MEOandgeosynchronousEarthorbit（GEO）-workinconcertindifferentorbits,wasanexclusiveBDSinnovationandaworldfirst.“Existingglobalnavigationsatellitesystems,suchastheUSGPSandRussia'sGLONASS,onlyhaveaMEOsatelliteconstellation,”saidWang.”（北斗三号系统总设计师王平表示，将倾斜地球同步轨道(IGSO)、中轨卫星(MEO)和地球同步轨道(Geo)三组卫星在不同轨道协同工作的混合星座设计，是北斗系统的独家创新，也是世界第一。王说:“现有的全球卫星导航系统，如美国的GPS和俄罗斯的GLONASS，只有中轨卫星(MEO)星座。”）可知，北斗卫星导航系统能够在倾斜地球同步轨道（IGSO）、中圆地球轨道（MEO）和地球静止轨道（GEO）同时运行，而美国的GPS导航系统和俄罗斯的GLONASS导航系统只能在中圆地球轨道运行。故选D。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段第一句“TheMEOsatellites,inorbit20,000kilometersaboveEarth,areaspecialtypeofsatelliteprovidingglobalservice,whiletheIGSOandGEOsatellites,inanorbit360,000kilometersaboveEarth,mainlyenhanceregionalservicequality,accordingtoWang.”（据王介绍，在地球上空2万公里轨道上运行的MEO卫星是提供全球服务的特殊卫星类型，而在地球上空36万公里轨道上运行的IGSO和GEO卫星主要提高区域服务质量。）可知，中圆地球轨道卫星能够提供全球性的服务，所以它们非常重要。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Chinasuccessfullysentthe52ndand53rdsatellitesofitsdomesticallydevelopedBeiDouNavigationSatelliteSystem（BDS）-thelasttwomediumEarthorbit（MEO）satellitesfortheBDS-3constellation（星座）－intospaceonMonday,markingthecompletionoftheglobalnavigationsystem'scoreconstellationdeployment（部署）andthisyear'sBDSsatellitelaunchcampaign.”（本周一，我国自主研发的北斗导航卫星系统(BDS)的第52颗和第53颗卫星——BDS-3星座的最后两颗中地轨道(MEO)卫星——,成功发射升空，标志着全球导航系统核心星座部署和今年的北斗卫星发射活动圆满完成。）可知，本文主要讲了中国成功发射了北斗三号全球卫星导航系统的两颗卫星，这标志着北斗三号全球卫星导航系统核心星座部署完成。所以短文的最佳标题为“北斗三号核心星座部署完成”。故选C。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。It'sthestartofanewyear,whenyourfitnessgoalsaresetandyouengageinthechallenge.___16___Theirstandardsof“toobig”arenotevenachievableintheirlifetime,letaloneafewmonthsoftraining,whichbringsmytips.Setrealisticgoals!Theprocessofbuildingmuscleisanabsolutelyslowonethatrequiresstrongwilltogain.Consistentlycausingproteinsynthesis（合成）inspecificmusclefiberswillallowmuscletodevelop.However,allindividualsarenotequalintheprocess.___17___Gainingmusclewillhappenquicklytoanewgym-goer,buttakealongtimeforsomeonethathasbeentrainingforyears.Sticktospecifictrainingforthegoalsyousettoachieve.___18___Thiswillrequireyoutorestrictthedietanditwillpreventyougainingmuscle.Dietreflectsthetrainingload.Thetrainingreflectsyourgoals.It'slikeswimmingupstream,thinkstrong,fastandflexible.Ifyouarerunningamarathon,thegoalsaredifferentandtrainaccordingly!___19___Fathastakensometimetodevelop,soitwillnotbelostovernight.Allowthehormonaltriggers（生理诱因）inthebodytoworkmoreefficientlytoregulatevolumeoffood.Takingoutadditionalsugarsisoneofthemostimportantstepstoregulatevolumesoffoodtoswitchoffdesireforfood.Onceagoalisreached,donotgobacktowhatyoudidbefore.Whenpeoplefinishtheirtransformation,thehormoneprofileisveryweaktofatdeposition（沉积）。Everytrainingsessionshouldbeasteptowardalastingtransformation,withadietimprovingthelevelofexercise.___20___A.Don'ttrytoachievetoomuchatonce.B.Whydosofewpeopleseetheirgoalsthrough?C.Giveyourselfarealistictimelinewhenitcomestofatloss.D.Keepingrunningslowlyleadstoverybigchangesovertime.,E.Appreciatethatyouaretakingtimeforyourowndevelopment.F.Placerestrictionsonyourdietandfollowgoodfoodeatingpatterns.G.Also,itdependsonhowlongyouhavebeentrainingtoachievemusclegrowth.【答案】16.B17.G18.A19.C20.F【解析】本文是说明文，介绍了如何制定并实现你的健身目标。【16题详解】根据上文“It'sthestartofanewyear,whenyourfitnessgoalsaresetandyouengageinthechallenge.（新的一年开始，你设定健身目标并开始挑战）”及空格处下一句“Theirstandardsof“toobig”arenotevenachievableintheirlifetime,letaloneafewmonthsoftraining,whichbringsmytips.（他们过大的标准甚至一生都无法实现，更不用说几个月的训练了，这给我带来了提示。）”可知，此处说明人们制定健身计划，但是目标太宏大，以至于很少人能够实现他们的目标。因此推断B项“Whydosofewpeopleseetheirgoalsthrough?（为什么很少有人实现他们的目标呢？）”承接上文的制定健康目标，引出下文的不能实现的大目标。故选B。【17题详解】根据空格处上一句“Theprocessofbuildingmuscleisanabsolutelyslowonethatrequiresstrongwilltogain.”可知，锻炼肌肉的过程是一个绝对缓慢的过程，需要坚强的意志来获得。G项中的“musclegrowth.”与上文一致；下文“Gainingmusclewillhappenquicklytoanewgym-goer,buttakealongtimeforsomeonethathasbeentrainingforyears.”可知，健身房新来的锻炼者很快会有肌肉，但是对于已经接受多年训练的人来说，则需要很长时间。因此推断肌肉训练因人而异。因此推断G项“Also,itdependsonhowlongyouhavebeentrainingtoachievemusclegrowth.（另外，这取决于你增长肌肉所需要训练的时间）”承上启下，且“howlong”与下句“foryears”呼应。故选G。【18题详解】根据主题句“Sticktospecifictrainingforthegoalsyousettoachieve.（要坚持你设定的目标。）”可知，本段说明要坚持自己设定的目标；下文“Ifyouarerunningamarathon,thegoalsaredifferentandtrainaccordingly!（如果你要参加马拉松训练，目标将有所不同，并进行相应的训练。）”说明不同的目标有不同的训练，不能同时设定多个目标，因为所需要的训练不同。因此推断不要指望一下子完成多个目标。A项“Don'ttrytoachievetoomuchatonce.,（不要指望一下子就能实现）”符合语境。故选A。【19题详解】分析可知，空格处为段落标题。根据空格处下句“Fathastakensometimetodevelop,soitwillnotbelostovernight.”可知，脂肪的生成需要很长时间，因此减肥也并不可能一夜之间就能完成，因此推断要设定符合现实的目标。因此推断C项“Giveyourselfarealistictimelinewhenitcomestofatloss.（当提到减肥的时候，要给你自己设定一个符合现实的时间表）”为段落标题。故选C。【20题详解】根据上文“Everytrainingsessionshouldbeasteptowardalastingtransformation,withadietimprovingthelevelofexercise.(每次训练都应该是迈向持久转变的一步，通过节食可以改善运动水平。”训练时要节食。F项中的“restrictionsonyourdiet”F和“goodfoodeatingpatterns”与此处一致，因此推断F项“Placerestrictionsonyourdietandfollowgoodfoodeatingpatterns.（达到健身目标后要防止脂肪回弹，因此还需要控制饮食，遵循好的饮食习惯。）”符合语境，且F项中“diet”原词重现，与上文呼应。故选F。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。OnceIstartedworkingaftergraduatingfromWilfridLaurierUniversity,Idecidedtostayintheworkforceandgotoschoolpart-time.Ibeganmyjourneyasanadult___21___intheBusinessAdministrationprogramatWilfridLaurierUniversity.WhenI___22___fromLaurier,acolleagueintroducedmetotheCertifiedEmployeeBenefitSpecialist（CEBS）program,whichofferedaprofessionalcredential（凭证）relatedtomyfieldof___23___Thesedays,Ikeepmyindustryknowledge___24___throughreadingindustrypublications,___25___relativeconferencesandtakinganannualContinuingEducationcourse.Froma___26___interestperspective,I'vetakenmusiclessonsand___27___infirstaid,gardeningandwebsitedevelopment.Somemightcallmealearning___28___.Ihonestlycan'timagineatimewhenIwanttostoplearning.SometimespeopleaskmewhyI___29___totakecourseswhenIamgettingcloseto“retirement’’.WhenIlooktothe____30____,30yearsofsittingonthecouchwatchingNetflix,isn'tthekindoflifeIwanttolive.Ineedareasontogetoutofbedinthemorning,andsomethingtokeepme____31____active.IamlookingatthePlainLanguageprogramasanopportunitytolearnanewskillthatwillnotonlymakeme____32____atmycurrentjob,butalsowill____33____someextraincomeonceIleavemyfull-timecareerbehind.Thedaysofbeingableto____34____educationafteruniversityarelonggone.So,continuouslearningwillbenecessarytokeepupwiththepaceof____35____21.A.designerB.teacherC.reporterD.learner22.A.heardB.inferredC.graduatedD.suffered23.A.workB.trainingC.researchD.education24.A.currentB.knownC.usefulD.remarkable25.A.organizingB.attendingC.recordingD.confirming26.A.secretB.personalC.uniqueD.common27.A.choicesB.measuresC.coursesD.responsibilities28.A.celebrityB.masterC.consultantD.addict29.A.needB.agreeC.continueD.refuse30.A.truthB.demandC.effectD.future31.A.financiallyB.physicallyC.mentallyD.socially.32.A.betterB.strongerC.braverD.firmer33.A.reduceB.generateC.reserveD.negotiate34.A.careaboutB.leavebehindC.insistonD.showoff35.A.commentB.purchaseC.productionD.change【答案】21.D22.C23.A24.A25.B26.B27.C28.D29.C30.D31.C32.A33.B34.B35.D,【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己一直坚持学习的故事告诉我们终生学习的必要性和重要性。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名成年学习者，我开始了自己的求学之旅，在劳里埃大学(WilfridLaurierUniversity)学习工商管理课程。A.designer设计师；B.teacher老师；C.reporter记者；D.learner学习者。作者从大学毕业后一边工作，一边学习。故选D项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我劳里埃大学毕业，同事介绍我去认证员工福利专家(CEBS)计划，该计划提供与我的工作领域相关的专业证书。此处考查“动词+from”搭配的短语辨析。A.heardfrom收到来信；B.inferredfrom从……中推断出；C.graduatedfrom毕业于；D.sufferedfrom遭受。作者从劳里埃大学学习完了工商管理课程后毕业。故选C项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我从劳里埃大学毕业，同事介绍我去认证员工福利专家(CEBS)计划，该计划提供了与我的工作领域相关的专业证书。A.work工作；B.training培训；C.research研究；D.education教育。根据“professional（职业的，专业的）”可知，证书是与工作有关的。故选A项。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些天，我通过阅读行业刊物、参加相关会议和参加年度继续教育课程来保持对行业知识的了解。A.current当前的，最新的；B.known已知的；C.useful有用的；D.remarkable非凡的。此处是短语keep…current意思为“随时了解……”。故选A项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些天，我通过阅读行业刊物、参加相关会议和参加年度继续教育课程来保持对行业知识的了解。A.organizing组织；B.attending参加；C.recording录音；D.confirming确认。作者通过参加相关会议等途径来了解行业最新的知识。此处是短语attendtheconference意思为“参加会议”。故选B项。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就个人兴趣而言，我上过音乐课，还有急救、园艺和网站开发方面的课程。A.secret秘密的；B.personal个人的；C.unique独特的；D.common,普遍的。下文“music…firstaid,gardeningandwebsitedevelopment”都是作者个人感兴趣的方面。故选B项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：就个人兴趣而言，我上过音乐课、急救、园艺和网站开发方面的课程。A.choices选择；B.measures测量；C.courses课程；D.responsibilities责任。根据“musiclessons”可知，急救、园艺和网站开发都是作者发展个人兴趣的课程。故选C项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些人可能会说我是一个学习成瘾者。A.celebrity名人；B.master大师，高手；C.consultant顾问；D.addict痴迷者，上瘾的人。根据下一句“Ihonestlycan'timagineatimewhenIwanttostoplearning”作者不愿停止学习。由此可知，他痴迷于通过学习来不断提高自己。故选D项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时人们会问我为什么快退休了还继续上课。A.need需要；B.agree同意；C.continue继续；D.refuse拒绝。作者不敢想象自己停止学习，因此不断地继续学习。故选C项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我展望未来，30年坐在沙发上看Netflix不是我想要的生活。A.truth真理；B.demand需求；C.effect影响；D.future未来。根据上文“Iamgettingcloseto‘retirement’”，作者想到未来退休后的生活，不想退休后就坐在沙发上看电视。故选D项。【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我需要一个早上起床的理由，和一些让我精神活跃的东西。A.financially经济上；B.physically身体上；C.mentally精神上；D.socially社会上。根据背景知识，学习新的知识能够让人保持思维活跃。故选C项。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我把这个简明语言计划看作是一个学习新技能的机会，这不仅会让我在目前的工作上做得更好，而且在我离开全职工作后，还会产生一些额外的收入。A.better更好；B.stronger更强；C.braver更勇敢；D.firmer更坚定。根据“anopportunitytolearnanewskill,”可知，作者通过参加这个语言课程，学会新技能，能把现在的工作做得更好。故选A项。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把这个简明语言计划看作是一个学习新技能的机会，这不仅会让我在目前的工作上做得更好，而且在我离开全职工作后，还会产生一些额外的收入。A.reduce减少；B.generate产生；C.reserve预订；D.negotiate谈判。根据“Ileavemyfull-timecareerbehind.”可知，作者觉得即使退休了，他现在学的技能也能给自己创造一份额外收入。故选B项。【34题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：能够在大学毕业后就把教育抛在身后的日子已经一去不复返了。A.careabout关心；B.leavebehind留下，抛在后面；C.insiston坚持；D.showoff炫耀。根据“continuouslearningwillbenecessary”可知，作者认为大学毕业后就将教育抛开是不行的。故选B项。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，不断学习将是必要的，以跟上变化的步伐。A.comment评论；B.purchase购买；C.production生产；D.change变化。作者认为要跟上时代的变化，就要不断学习。故选D项。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheGuardiangaveusthebadnewsthatredandprocessedmeatcanshortenlife.ButTheDailyTelegraphprovidedthegoodnewsthatexchangingoneportion（部分）ofredmeataday___36___fishornutscouldcuttheriskofearlydeathbyalmostafifth.Bothheadlines___37___（put）forwardbyamajornewstudyintodietandhealth___38___（outcome）.Researcherslookedatchangesindietformorethan50,000womenand27,000menintheUS,over16years.Theyfoundthatthose___39___hadchangedtheirdiettoincludemoreredmeat___40___（be）around10%morelikelytodieduringthestudy.Whilereducingredmeatalonedidnotresultinlowerriskofdeath,eatingotherfoodsuchasfishornutsdid___41___（slight）reducetheriskofdeath.Westillneedtobe___42___（care）aboutthefindings.Thisstudycannottellusforsurethatredmeatorchangesinredmeat___43___（consume）arethedirectcauseofchangesin,lengthoflife.But___44___resultssupportexistinghealthyeatingadvice____45____（limit）redandprocessedmeat,andtoeatplentyofvegetables,fruitandotherproteinsourcessuchasnutsandlegumes（豆类）.【答案】36.for37.wereput38.outcomes39.who/that40.were41.slightly42.careful43.consumption44.the45.tolimit【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了每天用一份红肉代替鱼或坚果可以将早死的风险降低。【36题详解】考查介词。句意：但《每日电讯报》提供了一个好消息，每天用一份红肉代替鱼或坚果可以将早死的风险降低近五分之一。exchange…for…是固定搭配，意为“交换”。故填for。【37题详解】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这两个标题都是由一项关于饮食和健康结果的重大新研究提出的。此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，主语Bothheadlines与谓语为被动关系。可知，此处应该用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为headlines，谓语动词使用复数形式。故填wereput。【38题详解】考查名词。句意：这两个标题都是由一项关于饮食和健康结果的重大新研究提出的。outcome是可数名词，再根据前面的dietandhealth可知，这里是指两方面的结果，所以用复数形式。故填outcomes。【39题详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们发现，在研究期间，那些改变了饮食习惯、摄入更多红肉的人死亡的可能性要高出10%左右。空处引导定语从句，先行词those指代人，且在定语从句中充当主语，需用关系代词who/that引导。故填who/that。【40题详解】,考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：他们发现，在研究期间，那些改变了饮食习惯、摄入更多红肉的人死亡的可能性要高出10%左右。分析句子结构可知，that引导的宾语从句缺少谓语，再根据前面的had可知，此处应该用一般过去时。主语为those，谓语动词用复数形式。故填were。【41题详解】考查副词。句意：虽然减少红肉本身并不能降低死亡风险，但吃鱼或坚果等其他食物确实能略微降低死亡风险。此处用slight的副词形式来修饰谓语动词didreduce。故填slightly。【42题详解】考查形容词。句意：我们仍然需要对这些发现保持谨慎。be为系动词，后面需加形容词作表语，becarefulabout为固定结构，意为“注意”。故填careful。【43题详解】考查名词。句意：这项研究不能确定地告诉我们红肉或红肉消耗的变化是寿命变化的直接原因。meat为名词作定语，修饰名词。consumption是consume的名词形式，meatconsumption意为“肉类消耗”。故填consumption。【44题详解】考查冠词。句意：但研究结果支持了现有的健康饮食建议，即限制红肉和加工肉类，多吃蔬菜、水果和其他蛋白质来源，如坚果和豆类。这里的theresults特指这次实验的结果，需用定冠词the修饰。故填the。45题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：但研究结果支持了现有的健康饮食建议，即限制红肉和加工肉类，多吃蔬菜、水果和其他蛋白质来源，如坚果和豆类。and前后为并列成分，根据本句后面的toeat可知，此处应该用动词不定式作定语。故填tolimit。第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.假定你是李华，你校正在举办英语作文竞赛。请你以“MusicandMe”为题，写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：1.音乐对你的重要性；2.你喜欢的音乐类型及原因。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。,MusicandMe_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】MusicandMeIlikesharingthesayingwithothersthatmusicistomewhatairistolife.Ialwaysthinkmusicisthemostbeautifullanguageintheworld.Itisanimportantpartofmylife,whichoffersmeenergyandpowerwhenIambusystudyingorgetstuckindifficulties.Amongsomuchmusic,Ilikepopmusicmost.Icanlistentoitanywhereintheworld.ItmakesmehappywhenIfeelupsetandhelpsmefacemychallengeswithapeacefulmind.Mostimportantly,Ifeelconfidentwhensingingapopsong.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生以“MusicandMe”为题，写一篇短文投稿。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1.音乐对你的重要性；2.你喜欢的音乐类型及原因。第二步:列提纲（重点词组）sharesth.withsb.;partof;offersb.sth.;bebusydoing;bestuckin;helpsb.dosth.第三步：连词成句1.Ilikesharingthesayingwithothersthatmusicistomewhatairistolife.2.Itisanimportantpartofmylife,whichoffersmeenergyandpowerwhenIambusystudyingorgetstuckindifficulties.,3.ItmakesmehappywhenIfeelupsetandhelpsmefacemychallengeswithapeacefulmind.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）（供参考）1.表文章结构顺序：Firstofall,Firstly/First,Secondly/Second…Andthen,Finally,Intheend,Atlast2.表并列补充关系：Whatismore,Besides,Moreover,Furthermore,InadditionAswellas,notonly…but(also),including,3.表转折对比关系：However,Onthecontrary,but,Although+clause(从句),Inspiteof+n/doing,Ontheonehand…,Ontheotherhand…Some…,whileothers…,asfor,so…that…4.表因果关系：Because,As,So,Thus,Therefore,Asaresult连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。【点睛】[高分句型1]：Ilikesharingthesayingwithothersthatmusicistomewhatairistolife.这句话运用了名词性从句。[高分句型2]：Itisanimportantpartofmylife,whichoffersmeenergyandpowerwhenIambusystudyingorgetstuckindifficulties.这句话运用了关系代词which引导的非限定性定语从句。[高分句型3]：Mostimportantly,Ifeelconfidentwhensingingapopsong.这句话运用了现在分词作状语。第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。WhatstartedasalonelygraduationdayforateeninAlabamahasturnedintoapricelessopportunitytobondwithhisteacher.Now,thatteacherisworkingtogetthatstudentacarthatwillgethimstartedinhisadultlife.OnThursday,BessemerCityHighSchoolhelditsannualgraduationceremony.DomMoorewasoneoftheteachersinvolvedincoordinatingtheevent.Aftertheceremonyended,Domwascleaningup.Nearlyeverybodyhadlefttocelebratewithfriendsandfamily,butoneyoungmanwasstillsittingtherebyhimself.“IknewhismoodsandIknewhewasn'thimself,”Domsaid.Notknowingwhattosayatfirst,theteachertoldhim,"Iexpectbigthingsfromyouandit'sgoingtobeOK.”Domassumedthatsomeonewouldshowupeventuallytogivethegraduatearidehome.But,nobodydid.WhenDomofferedtodrivehim,thetwohadnoideathatthiswastobemorethanjustaridehome.Theteacherdecidedtotakehimouttoeat-atanyrestaurantofhischoice.TheyendedupattheCheesecakeFactory,andenjoyedaheartymealanddesserttocelebratethegraduate'sachievement.Atfirst,thetwowerefightingbacktears.Butbeforelong,theywerehavingagreattimetogether.Domneveraskedwhytheboy'sfamilydidnotattendtheceremony.Whatwasimportanttohimwasthattheyoungmanfeltappreciatedforwhathehadaccomplished.Laterthatevening,DomtooktoFacebooktoshareaphotoandsomethoughtsontheevent.Hesaysthathedoesn'tnormallypostaboutthesesituations,astheyarealltoocommoninhisprofession,butthatsomethinginsideurgedhimtosharethisexperience.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Actually,Domwantedtohelptheyoungman.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Domthinkswhatthesepeopledidsetanexampletous.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Actually,Domwantedtohelptheyoungman.Domsharedhiswishtoraisemoneyfortheyoungmaninthepost.Hehopedsomeonemaybeablessingtothisyoungman.Luckily,beforelong,generouspeople,manyofwhomwerestrangers,sentmorethan$5,000asdonations.Domtookhimtoopenabankaccountwiththemoney.Domwantedtohelphimbuyacar,whichcanmakehistravelmoreconvenient.Healsotaughtthemantosaveuptoattendcollegeoneday.Domthinkswhatthesepeopledidsetanexampletous.Domfeltamazedthatsomanypeoplewouldhelptheteen.Hehasundoubtedlyraisedmuchmoneybeyondhisimagination.Domthinksthestorywillremindusofwhatistrulyimportantandgivehopetothosewhoarestruggling.Weusuallytakelifeforgranted,butthestoryshowsusthatthereisalwaysbeautyinourheart.Even,thoughwehavedifficulties,atthismomentitshowsthatmankindisgood.【解析】【分析】本文以毕业典礼为线索展开，讲述了一位老师Dom，在学生毕业典礼上，遇到一名深陷困境，没有父母来接的孤独的毕业生，Dom努力帮助他，筹集资金，准备给他买一辆车，让他开始他的成年生活的故事。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“实际上，Dom想帮助这个年轻人。”可知，第一段可描写Dom想帮助他，筹集资金买车的经过。②由第二段首句内容“Dom认为这些人的所作所为为我们树立了榜样。”可知，第二段可描写Dom对好心的人们高度赞扬，以及感谢，并对人性善良感到欣慰。2.续写线索：帮助——筹集资金——买车——感谢——赞扬——感悟3.词汇激活行为类①.帮助：helphim/do hima favour/ give him a hand②.筹集资金；准备买车：raisemoney/raise funds；buyacarforhim/gethimacar③.赞扬：praise/speakhighlyof/commend情绪类①.感谢：showinghisappreciation/showhisgratitude/begrateful②.欣慰：showusthatthereisalwaysbeautyinourheart/showthatmankindisgood【点睛】[高分句型1].Luckily,beforelong,generouspeople,manyofwhomwerestrangers,sentmorethan$5,000asdonations.（由manyofwhom引导的非限制性定语从句）[高分句型2].Domwantedtohelphimbuyacar,whichcanmakehistravelmoreconvenient.（由关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句）[高分句型3].Domthinksthestorywillremindusofwhatistrulyimportantandgivehopetothosewhoarestruggling.（what引导的名词性从句和who引导的定语从句）