湖南省永州市八县2021届高三12月联考英语试题 Word版含解析

祁阳、宁远、道县、东安、新田、蓝山、江华、江永八县2021届高三12月联考英语试卷（新高考）本试题卷共8页。全卷满分150分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、考号等填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.选择题的作答：选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3.非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接写在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4.考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Hedoesn'tplantomove.B.Hewillmoveoutofhisoldhouse.C.Hewillmoveintohisoldhouse.2.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Sheisunwillingtogotowork.B.Shewilltakethebooktothelibrary.C.Sheisbusytoday.3.Whatarethetwospeakersdoing?A.Hikingupahill.B.Climbingstairs.C.Discussingatrip.4.Howmuchwillthemanpayfortwopairsofshoes?A.$36.B.$20.C.$12.5.Whatwillthewomando?,A.Shewillhavedinnerathome.B.Shecannotgotothecinema.C.Shewillhavedinnerwiththeman.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Workingasapainter.B.Purchasingwhatsheneeds.C.Planningtopaintherownbedroom.7.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Hireapainter.B.Buythepaint.C.Readtheinstructions.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatcanthemandoinsidethebus?A.Cookandeat.B.Haveagoodsleep.C.Takeashower.9.Howlonginadvancecanthemanbookthetraveling?A.Threemonths.B.Twomonths.C.Onemonth.10.Whatisthepurposeoftheman'scalling?A.Tobookaticket.B.Togivesomedetails.C.Toaskforinformation.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whywasthemanlateforwork?A.Hestayeduplate.B.Thesubwaywasdelayed.C.Therewasatrafficjam.12.What'stherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Colleagues.B.Roommates.C.Classmates.13.Howdoesthewomanknowsomuchaboutthecarpooling?,A.Sheisanagentofit.B.Shetrieditbefore.C.Shereadaboutitlastweek.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.Whatiswrongwiththeman?A.Heisallergictomangoes.B.Heisinacaraccident.C.Hehasaheartattack.15.Wherearethespeakersatfirst?A.Inthepark.B.Atarestaurant.C.Inthehospital.16.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Shehasbeenallergicbefore.B.Sheorderedamilkshake.C.Shedoesn'tlikestudy.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatisthespeakertalkingabout?A.Newtechnology.B.Hi-techmachines.C.Seadiving.18.Whocangetaroundlikefishintheseaaccordingtothespeaker?A.Thedivers.B.Therobots.C.Thescientists.19.Whathelpsscientistsmakedecisionsimmediately?A.Today'sdivingsuits.B.Newwirelesstechnology.C.Thenewestvehicles.20.Whatisthefunctionoftheunderwaterhydrophones?A.Theymaketheoceanworldsilent.B.Theycanhelppredicttheearthquake.C.Theycanreceiveandrecordoceansounds.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）,阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ANationalparksarethelargestclassroomswithdifferentteachingresources.TakealookatwhatGrandCanyonNationalParkhastooffer.EcologyType:GuestSpeakersGradeLevel:UpperElementary（ThirdGradethroughFifthGrade）Subjects:ScienceLength:1hourHands-onlearningemphasizesadaptions,ecologicalprinciples,andplantandanimalinterrelationships.Activitiesvarybygradelevel.TrailofTimeType:FieldTripsGradeLevel:HighSchool（NinthGradethroughTwelfthGrade）Subjects:ScienceLength:2.5hours,9:00-11:30a.m.or1:00-3:30p.m.Walkingdistance:approximately1.5milesonpavedtrailsWalkingthepark'sGeologicalTrailofTime,studentslearnhowactivegeologicprocessessuchasplatemovementresultinthecyclingofsurfacematerialsandchangesinlandscapesovertime.HelpingEachOtherType:LessonPlanGradeLevel:LowerElementary（Pre-KthroughSecondGrade）Subjects:ScienceThesurvivalofdifferentspeciesdependsontwospecieshelpingeachother.Thecomplexrelationshipswithinonehabitatcanbehurtwhenoneofthespeciesisthreatenedoroneofthespeciesbecomesextinct.AskaRangerType:DistanceLearningGradeLevel:UpperElementary（ThirdGradethroughFifthGrade）,Subjects:Math,Science,SocialStudiesLength:05-1hourItprovidesanopportunityforyourclassroomtointeractwithaparkranger（护林员）throughaliveandinteractivelessonviatheInternet.Studentscandiscusswiththerangertheecology,geology,andhumanhistory,aswellaslifeandworkinthenationalpark.Can'tfindwhatyouarelookingfor?Clickhereformoreinformation.1.Whichprogramisphysicallydemanding?A.Ecology.B.TrailofTime.C.HelpingEachOther.D.AskaRanger.2.Whichofthefollowingsubjectsareincludedintheteachingresources?A.Ecologyandart.B.Mathandliterature.C.Scienceandmath.D.Historyandtechnology.3.Wherecanyoufindthetext?A.Amagazineforschoolteachers.B.Awebsiteintroducingnationalparks.C.AbrochureforGrandCanyonNationalPark.D.Areportonteachingresources.【答案】1.B2.C3.B【解析】本文是应用文。介绍了大峡谷国家公园可提供的四种不同教学资源。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据TrailofTime部分的中“Length:2.5hours,9:00-11:30a.m.or1:00-3:30p.m.（时长:2.5小时，上午9:00-11:30或下午1:00-3:30。）”和“Walkingdistance:approximately1.5milesonpavedtrails（步行距离:在铺好的小路上大约1.5英里）”可知，Length两个半小时和Walkingdistance大约1.5英里可知，TrailofTime项目对体力有要求。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据“Subjects:Science”和“Subjects:Math,Science,SocialStudies”可知，课程包括科学和数学。故选C。【3题详解】,细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Clickhereformoreinformation.（点击这里了解更多信息。）”可知，本文出处是网站。故选B。BJohnJamesAudubonwascuriousaboutsomebirdshesawnearhisMillGrovehomeintheearly1800s.Hecaughtafewofthem,tiedathinsilverstringtotheirlegs,andreleasedthem.Thenextyear,thebirdsreturned.Audubonrealizedthathisfeatheredneighborsreturnedtothesamenestingspoteachyear.Peoplehadtriedattachingbandstobirds'legsbeforeAudubon'sexperiment.Morethan2,000yearsago,Romeofficerssentmessagesattachedtobirdstokeeptheirarmiesinformed.Audubon'sexperiment,however,isthefirstexampleofbandingusedtolearnmoreaboutthemovementsofthewildbirdsinNorthAmerica.Today,onlytrainedscientistsarepermittedtobandbirds.AnorganizationknownastheBirdBandingLaboratory（BBL）suppliesofficialaluminumbands.Eachbandisstampedwithauniqueidentificationnumber.Researcherscollectinformationaboutbandedbird'sspecies,weight,sex,age,wingspanandgeneralhealth.ThatinformationissharedwiththeBBL.Moderntechnologyhastakenbirdbandingtoanewlevel.Today,transmitters（发射器）thatcomeinallkindsofsizesareused.Theycanbeattachedtotheleg,theneck,theback,orevenabird'sfeathers.Researcherscanlearnmanythingsfromabandedbird,suchaspatternsinnesting,feedingandmigration.Bandedinformationalsogivesresearchersasenseofthegeneralhealthofagroupofbirds.Andinformationaboutthegeneralhealthofbirdshelpsscientistsunderstandthegeneralhealthoftheenvironment,whichisgoodforhumanstoo.4.WhatdoweknowaboutJohnJamesAudubon?A.Hestudiedbirds.B.Heraisedmanybirds.C.Hesentmessagesusingbirds.D.Hewasthefirsttotieastringtowildbirds'legs.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"stamped"inParagraph3mean?A.filledB.combinedC.chargedD.marked,6.Whatcanweinferfromthetechnologyofbandingbirds?A.BBLtiedthebandstothebirds.B.IthasadvancedgreatlynowadaysC.Itonceprovidedmoreinformation.D.Transmitterscouldbeputintothebirds'body7.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thewaysofbandingbirds.B.Thedevelopmentofbandingbirds.C.Thescientificvalueofbandedbirds.D.Theinfluenceofbandingbirdsonhumans.【答案】4.A5.D6.B7.C【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了人类通过追踪鸟来了解鸟的生活习性的研究状况。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Hecaughtafewofthem，tiedathinsilverstringtotheirlegs，andreleasedthem.Thenextyear，thebirdsreturned.Audubonrealizedthathisfeatheredneighborsreturnedtothesamenestingspoteachyear.（他抓了几个，在它们腿上绑了一根细银绳，然后放了它们。第二年，鸟儿又回来了。Audubon意识到，他那些长着羽毛的邻居们每年都会回到同一个筑巢地点。）”可推知，JohnJamesAudubon研究这些鸟类。故选A。【5题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线单词后一句“Researcherscollectinformationaboutbandedbird'sspecies,weight,sex,age,wingspanandgeneralhealth.（研究人员收集关于带状鸟的种类、体重、性别、年龄、翼展和一般健康状况的信息。）”可推知，此处划线单词"stamped"的意思是“作标志”，由此可知，划线单词所在句句意为“每个带子上都印有唯一的识别号。”bemarkedwith做记号。故选D。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Moderntechnologyhastakenbirdbandingtoanewlevel.（现代鸟类的捆扎技术达到了一个新的水平。）”可知，鸟类信息追踪带进步很大。故选B。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据“Researcherscanlearnmanythingsfromabandedbird,suchaspatternsin,nesting,feedingandmigration.Bandedinformationalsogivesresearchersasenseofthegeneralhealthofagroupofbirds.Andinformationaboutthegeneralhealthofbirdshelpsscientistsunderstandthegeneralhealthoftheenvironment,whichisgoodforhumanstoo.（研究人员可以从带有鸟类跟踪带的鸟类身上学到很多东西，比如筑巢、进食和迁徙的模式。研究人员对鸟类群体的整体健康状况也有了一定的了解。关于鸟类总体健康的信息有助于科学家了解环境的总体健康状况，这对人类也有好处。）”得知，最后一段主要讲述带有鸟类跟踪带的鸟类的研究价值。故选C。CIngeometry,architectureandart,auniquenumberisbelievedtobethesecrettoperfection.Thatisthegoldenratio,or1:1.618,amathematicalproportion.Thefirstrecordedmentionofthegoldenratioinhistorydatesbackto300BC.TheGreekmathematicianEuclidcalleditthe"extremeratio".Itsactualvalueis1.6180339887498484820…Butit'susuallyroundedupto1.618.Atthebeginningofthe20thcentury,theAmericanmathematicianMarkBarrgaveitthenamephi,pronouncedfee,aftertheGreeksculptorPhidias.Thegoldenratioexistswhenalineisdividedintotwopartsandthelongersection(a)dividedbythesmallersection(b)isequaltotheentirelengthoftheline(a+b)dividedbythelongersection(a).Onceyoustarttonoticethegoldenratio,youwillseeiteverywhere.LeonardodaVinciisoftenassociatedwiththegoldenratio.Hismostfamouspainting,theMonaLisa,seemstocontainseveralexamplesofthisgeometricproportion.StephenSilver,whohasworkedforbigstudiossuchasDisney,WarnerBrothersandSonyPicturesAnimation,hasdesignedthecharactersforpopularanimatedtelevisionshowssuchasKimPossibleandDannyPhantom.Hesharesthesecretofhowtocreateperfectdesigns."Characterswithanevendesignarelikelytolackmovement,"hesays."Theyfeelordinaryandquicklyloseappeal.”Instead,heappliesthegoldenratiotobreakupproportionstocreate"morecontrastandvariationinshape",whichmakeshischaracterscomealive.Thegoldenratiopreventshimdesigningcharactersthataretooevenlyspaced.Silverisn'ttheonlygraphicartistwhothinksthegoldenratioisspecial.GoldengeometrycanbefoundinthePepsi,Twitter,andDisneylogos.Nexttimeyoudrawapictureordesignalogo,youcantryitout!,8.Whonamedthegoldenratiophi?A.EuclidB.MarkBarr.C.Phidias.D.LeonardodaVinci.9.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthegoldenratio?A.a/b=(a+b)/aB.a/b=a/(a+b)C.a/b=b/(a+b)D.a/b=(a+b)/b10.What'sSilver'sattitudetothegoldenratio?A.Skeptical.B.CautiousC.PositiveD.Negative.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.ThesecrettotheperfectionB.Thegoldenratiointheart.C.Thefamouscharacterdesigner.D.Howtobeafamousartist.【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.B【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了黄金比例，介绍了其历史，如何得到黄金比例以及其对艺术设计的影响。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Atthebeginningofthe20thcentury,theAmericanmathematicianMarkBarrgaveitthenamephi,pronouncedfee,aftertheGreeksculptorPhidias.(20世纪初，美国数学家MarkBarr以希腊雕塑家菲迪亚斯的名字将其命名为phi，发音为fee)”可知，是MarkBarr给黄金比例命名的。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Thegoldenratioexistswhenalineisdividedintotwopartsandthelongersection(a)dividedbythesmallersection(b)isequaltotheentirelengthoftheline(a+b)dividedbythelongersection(a).(当一条线被分成两部分，较长部分a除以较短部分b等于整条线a+b除以较长部分a时，黄金比例就存在了)”得出公式。可知，a/b=(a+b)/a最好地描述了黄金比例。故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中“Instead,heappliesthegoldenratiotobreakupproportionstocreate"morecontrastandvariationinshape",whichmakeshischaracterscomealive.Thegoldenratio,preventshimdesigningcharactersthataretooevenlyspaced.(相反，他运用黄金比例来打破比例，创造“更多的对比和变化的形状”，使他的角色活了起来。黄金比例可以防止他设计的角色间距太均匀)”可知Silver利用黄金比例创造出更生动的角色，由此推断出他对黄金比例持赞同的态度。故选C。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Ingeometry,architectureandart,auniquenumberisbelievedtobethesecrettoperfection.Thatisthegoldenratio,or1:1.618,amathematicalproportion.(在几何学、建筑学和艺术中，一个独特的数字被认为是完美的秘密。这就是黄金比例，或者1:1.618，一个数学比例)”结合本文先简要介绍了黄金比例，接着以达芬奇和著名卡通人物设计师StephenSilver为例说明了他们在艺术创作中运用了黄金比例。可知，文章的主要内容是艺术中的黄金比例。故选B。DNeedarecipeandallofitsingredientsdelivereddirectlytoyourdoor?WantTraderJoe'sCookieButterwithoutastorenearby?EagertotakeadvantageofLaborDaysaleswhileonvacation?Noworries.Allthesecanbedonewithjustafewclicks.TwodecadessincethefounderofZapposfirstputforwardtheideaofsellingshoesviatheInternetandstruggledtoconvinceinvestors（投资人）,e-commerce,oronlineshopping,hastakenover.Ifthere'sonethingZapposhastaughtus,it'sthatcustomerexperiencematters.Theretailgiantgotaheadbyencouragingcustomerstoordermultiplesizesofthesameproduct,andthenprovidingafreeandeasywaytoreturnwhateverdidn'tfit.Today,chatbotsandmobileappsallowonlineretailerstoensurecustomersuccess.Machinelearningtechnologiesalsoprovidepersonalizedrecommendationsbasedonauser'ssearchhistory.Andovernightdeliveryhasbecomecommonplace.Evenso,someaspectsofthein-storeexperiencegomissingwhenshoppinginthedigitalworld.Fortunately,wehavelivecommerce.Bycombininge-commercewithlivestreaming,livecommercehelpsimproveparticipation,bridgethegapbetweencustomersandproducts,drivesales,and,incaseswherebiddingisinvolved,increasetheaveragesalesprice.ThistrendcontrolsthemarketinChina.Taobao,theworld'sbiggeste-commercewebsite,givesthepowertofarmers,businessowners,andself-employedentrepreneurswithconsumer-to-consumerlivestreaming.SuccessfulinfluencersonTaobaorisetocelebrity-likestatus,,helpingpromotetheshoppingexperience.Beyondjustgeneratingfans,topsellerslikeLiJiaqiandWeiyabringhomeseriousmoneyDanielleBailey,managingvicepresidentofintelligencefirm12Inc..onceputit,"Chinausedtobethoughtofasacopycat…butnowmorewesterntechandretailleadersarebeinginspiredbytheall-channelretail,socialcommerce,andmobilecommerceinnovationsinChina.”12.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Toarousereaders'interestinthetopicofthetext.B.Toattractpeople'sattentiontolivecommerceC.Tosuggestpeopleneedhelpfromhightechnology.D.Toshowit'seasytogetthingsdonewithacomputer.13.InwhataspectdidZapposdobetterthanotherretailcompanies?A.Itofferedfastfreereturnshipping.B.Itprovidedshoesthatfitacustomerbest.C.Itstressedthefulfillmentofconsumers'needs.D.Itreceivedlargeamountsofmoneyfrominvestors.14.Whatisthemaindifferencebetweenlivecommerceande-commerce?A.Bignamesinlivecommercearemorefamous.B.TopsellersinlivecommercemakemoremoneyC.E-commerceinvolveslessin-personexperienceD.E-commerceincludesasmallerrangeofpeople.15.WhatcanweinferfromDanielleBailey'swords?A.Chinacopieswhatothercountriesdo.B.Westernworldfallsbehindinbusiness.C.ChinaisthemostcreativecountryintheworldD.Chinaistakingtheleadinlivestreamingbusiness.【答案】12.A13.C14.C15.D【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了电商从单纯网上购物到直播带货的发展，及其在中国的情况。【12题详解】,推理判断题。根据首段“Needarecipeandallofitsingredientsdelivereddirectlytoyourdoor?WantTraderJoe'sCookieButterwithoutastorenearby?EagertotakeadvantageofLaborDaysaleswhileonvacation?Noworries.”（需要一份食谱和所有食材直接送到你的家门口吗?想在附近没有商店的TraderJoe的饼干黄油吗?渴望在度假时利用劳动节促销?不用担心。所有这些都可以完成只需点击几下。）可知，作者连续提出三个问题，旨在引起读者对本文的兴趣。故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Ifthere'sonethingZapposhastaughtus,it'sthatcustomerexperiencematters.”（如果说Zappos教会了我们什么的话，那就是客户体验很重要。）可知，Zappos教给我们的事情是客户体验很重要。再根据第二段第三句“Theretailgiantgotaheadbyencouragingcustomerstoordermultiplesizesofthesameproduct,andthenprovidingafreeandeasywaytoreturnwhateverdidn'tfit.”（这家零售巨头领先一步，鼓励顾客订购同一种产品的多种尺寸，然后提供免费和简便的方式退回不合适的产品。）可知，这体现了Zappos公司重视客户体验的具体措施，强调满足消费者的需求。故选C。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Bycombininge-commercewithlivestreaming,livecommercehelpsimproveparticipation,bridgethegapbetweencustomersandproducts,drivesales,and,incaseswherebiddingisinvolved,increasetheaveragesalesprice.”(通过将电子商务与直播相结合，直播商务有助于提高参与，缩小客户与产品之间的差距，推动销售，在涉及招标的情况下，提高平均销售价格。)可知，livecommerce电商直播结合了e-commerce电子商务和livestreaming直播，缩小了客户和产品之间的距离，使二者关系更加密切，反之，单纯的e-commerce就缺少当面的交流。故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“DanielleBailey,managingvicepresidentofintelligencefirm12Inc..onceputit,"Chinausedtobethoughtofasacopycat…butnowmorewesterntechandretailleadersarebeinginspiredbytheall-channelretail,socialcommerce,andmobilecommerceinnovationsinChina.”（DanielleBailey，情报公司12Inc.的执行副总裁。他曾经说过:“中国过去被认为是一个模仿者……但现在更多的西方科技和零售领袖正受到中国全渠道零售、社交商务和移动商务创新的启发。”）DanielleBailey,说的话可知，之前中国被认为模仿别国，而现在，西方科技和零售产业的领导者正在受到中国全渠道零售、社交电商和移动电商的创新的启发。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whengerms,suchasbacteriaorviruses,invadethebody,theyattackandmultiply.____16____Theimmunesystemusesseveraltoolstofightinfection（感染）.Bloodcontainsredbloodcells,forcarryingoxygentotissuesandorgans,andwhiteorimmunecells,forfightinginfection.Thesewhitecellsconsistprimarilyofmacrophages（巨噬细胞）,BcellsandTcells.Macrophagesswallowupanddigestgerms,plusdeadanddyingcells.Theyleavebehindpartsoftheinvadinggermscalledantigens（抗原）.____17____Bcellsaredefensivewhitebloodcellswhichproduceantibodies.Tcellsarealsodefensivewhitebloodcells.Theyattackcellsinthebodythathavealreadybeeninfected.Thefirsttimethebodycomesacrossagerm,itcantakeseveraldaystomakeanduseallthegermfightingtoolsneededtogetovertheinfection.Aftertheinfection,theimmunesystemrememberswhatislearnedabouthowtoprotectthebodyagainstthatdisease.___18___Theyhelpdevelopimmunitybyimitatinganinfection.Thistypeofinfection,however,almostnevercausesillness,butitdoescausetheimmunesystemtoproduceTcellsandantibodies.Sometimes,aftergettingavaccine（疫苗）,theimitationinfectioncancauseminorsymptoms.Forinstance,afever.___19___Oncetheimitationinfectiongoesaway,thebodyisleftwithasupplyofdefensivecellsthatwillrememberhowtofindthatdiseaseinthefuture.____20____Therefore,itispossiblethatapersoninfectedwiththediseasejustbeforeorjustaftervaccinationcoulddevelopsymptomsandgetadisease,becausethevaccinehasnothadenoughtimetoprovideprotection.A.Vaccinesbasicallyworkthesameway.B.Thisinvasion,calledaninfection,iswhatcausesillness.C.Vaccinespreventdiseasesthatcanbedangerous,orevendeadlyD.Scientiststakemanydifferentapproachestodevelopingvaccines.E.Thebodyidentifiesthemasdangersandexcitesantibodiestoattackthem.F.Suchminorsymptomsarenormalandshouldbeexpectedasthebodybuildsimmunity.,G.However,ittypicallytakesafewweeksforthebodytoproducethosedefensivecellsaftervaccination.【答案】16.B17.E18.A19.F20.G【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了人体免疫系统和疫苗是如何工作的。【16题详解】根据前一句“Whengerms,suchasbacteriaorviruses,invadethebody,theyattackandmultiply.（当细菌或病毒等细菌侵入人体时，它们就会攻击并繁殖。）”和空后“Theimmunesystemusesseveraltoolstofightinfection（感染）（免疫系统使用几种工具来对抗感染。）”可知，空处承接上一句讲述细菌的入侵；根据选项可知，选项B.Thisinvasion,calledaninfection,iswhatcausesillness.(这种入侵被称为感染，是导致疾病的原因。)承上启下，符合题意，此处infection与下文“fightinfection”呼应。故选B。【17题详解】根据空前“Macrophagesswallowupanddigestgerms,plusdeadanddyingcells.Theyleavebehindpartsoftheinvadinggermscalledantigens（抗原）.（巨噬细胞吞噬和消化细菌，以及死亡和垂死的细胞。它们留下了被称为抗原的入侵细菌的部分。）和后文描述可知，本段介绍巨噬细胞、B细胞和T细胞的作用，前三句介绍的是巨噬细胞。E选项Thebodyidentifiesthemasdangersandexcitesantibodiestoattackthem.(身体将它们视为危险，并激发抗体来攻击它们。)中的them指的是上文提到的antigens抗原，符合题意。故选E。【18题详解】根据文章结构可知，上文讲的是免疫系统如何工作，下文讲疫苗工作原理，故A选项为此处的最佳衔接。“Theyhelpdevelopimmunitybyimitatinganinfection.（它们通过模仿感染来帮助培养免疫力。）”中的“They”指的是Vaccines疫苗。故选A。【19题详解】根据空前“Sometimes,aftergettingavaccine（疫苗）,theimitationinfectioncancauseminorsymptoms.（有时，接种疫苗后，模仿感染会引起轻微的症状。）“可知，空处进一步阐述疫苗可能引发的轻微症状，结合选项可知，选项F.Suchminorsymptomsarenormalandshouldbeexpectedasthebodybuildsimmunity.(这种轻微的症状是正常的，应该在身体建立免疫力的时候出现。)承接前一句，符合题意。minorsymptoms.对应Suchminorsymptoms。故选F。【20题详解】,根据空后“Therefore,itispossiblethatapersoninfectedwiththediseasejustbeforeorjustaftervaccinationcoulddevelopsymptomsandgetadisease,becausethevaccinehasnothadenoughtimetoprovideprotection.（因此，由于疫苗没有足够的时间提供保护，在接种疫苗之前或之后感染疾病的人可能会出现症状并患病。）“可知，空处与后文形成因果关系，结合选项可知，选项G.However,ittypicallytakesafewweeksforthebodytoproducethosedefensivecellsaftervaccination.(然而，接种疫苗后，身体通常需要几周的时间才能产生这些防御细胞。)符合题意。故选G。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Allparentsknowhowsaditisfortheirchildrentolosetheirfavoritetoys.Yetsometimes____21____happen.That'sexactlywhathappenedtoJuniperwho____22____herfavoritetoydognamedRuffatahotel.However,thegirlwasn't____23____forlong,asthetoyquicklyfounditswaybacktoherina（n）____24____way.Earlierthismonth,Juniper'smom,Allison,____25____thestoryabouther2-year-olddaughterlosingandgettingRuffontheInternet.Thetoywasaccidentallyleftbehindata（n）____26____"Weknewweleftitatthehotelbutwewereinahurryto____27____theairportthatmorning,"Allisonsaid.Juniper____28____whensherealizedherfavoritetoywasnolongerwithher,sothemom____29____tocallthehotelandaskiftheyhadseenthetoy."Theysaidtheywouldcheckrightawayandletusknowifanyone____30____him,"themothersaid.ToAllison's____31____,afewdayslater,thetoywasdeliveredbacktoJuniper,butthatwasn'tall.TheemployeesofthehotelmadesurethatRuffwouldhaveagood____32____whilehewasawayfromJuniper,sotheytook____33____ofallthethingshedidduringhisstayatthehotel.Allisonsaidthatthefamilywere____34____whenRuffwasreturnedtothem.Thelittlegirlwas____35____movedtoseehertoyback."Juniperlaughedloudlywhenseeinghertoyandthoselovelyphotos.Welovedthephotos!"21.A.storiesB.messagesC.disastersD.accidents22.A.lostB.boughtC.forgotD.,abandoned23.A.badB.upsetC.wellD.wrong24.A.boringB.frighteningC.amazingD.embarrassing25.A.viewedB.editedC.choseD.posted26.A.restaurantB.hotelC.taxiD.airport27.A.breakintoB.searchforC.leaveforD.departfrom28.A.criedB.whisperedC.panickedD.jumped29.A.decidedB.hesitatedC.hatedD.expected30.A.soldB.spottedC.sweptD.approached31.A.angerB.disappointmentC.surpriseD.sorrow32.A.nightB.timeC.planD.idea33.A.notesB.videosC.lessonsD.photographs34.A.delightedB.puzzledC.madD.calm35.A.particularlyB.hardlyC.normallyD.peacefully【答案】21.D22.A23.B24.C25.D26.B27.C28.A29.A30.B31.C32.B33.D34.A35.A【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了一家宾馆的工作人员及时送还了一位小姑娘Juniper遗落在宾馆的玩具狗Ruff的故事。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但有时也会发生意外。A.stories故事；B.messages信息；C.disasters灾难；D.accidents意外。根据上文“theirchildrentolosetheirfavoritetoys”以及后文Juniper丢失了玩具。根据下文“However,thegirlwasn't　　　　3　　　　forlong,asthetoyquicklyfounditswaybacktoherina（n）　　　　4　　　　,way.”可知，玩具很快就以一种令人惊讶的方式回到了她的身边,但有时也会发生意外。故选D。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这正是发生在Juniper身上的事情，她在一家酒店丢失了她最喜欢的玩具狗Ruff。A.lost失去；B.bought购买；C.forgot忘记；D.abandoned抛弃。根据后文“Thetoywasaccidentallyleftbehind”可知Juniper丢失了喜爱的玩具狗。故选A。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，女孩并没有难过太久，因为玩具很快就以一种令人惊讶的方式回到了她的身边。A.bad坏的；B.upset沮丧的；C.well良好的；D.wrong错误的。根据上文“howsaditisfortheirchildrentolosetheirfavoritetoys”孩子丢失了玩具会难过。根据下文“asthetoyquicklyfounditswaybacktoherina（n）　　　　4　　　　way.”可知，女孩并没有难过太久。故选B。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，女孩并没有难过太久，因为玩具很快就以一种令人惊讶的方式回到了她的身边。A.boring无聊的；B.frightening可怕的；C.amazing惊人的；D.embarrassing尴尬的。结合后文酒店人员找回了玩具，还拍了一系列照片，可知玩具以一种令人惊讶的方式回到了Juniper的身边。故选C。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个月早些时候，Juniper的妈妈Allison在网上发布了她两岁女儿丢失了又找回Ruff的故事。A.viewed观察；B.edited编辑；C.chose选择；D.posted发帖。根据后文“ontheInternet”可知是在网上发帖。故选D。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：玩具不小心落在了一家旅馆里。“A.restaurant餐厅；B.hotel旅馆；C.taxi出租车；D.airport机场。根据后文“Weknewweleftitatthehotel”可知玩具丢在了旅馆里。故选B。【27题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们知道我们把它落在了旅馆里，但那天早上我们急着要赶去机场，”艾莉森说。A.breakinto闯入；B.searchfor寻找；C.leavefor动身去；D.departfrom离开。根据前文“inahurry”以及后文“theairport”可知急着去机场。故选C。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Juniper,发现心爱的玩具不在身边时哭了，所以妈妈决定打电话给酒店，问他们有没有看到玩具。A.cried哭泣；B.whispered低语；C.panicked使恐慌；D.jumped跳跃。对应第一段中“howsaditisfortheirchildrentolosetheirfavoritetoys”玩具丢了，孩子们会难过哭泣。故选A。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Juniper发现心爱玩具不在身边时哭了，所以妈妈决定打电话给酒店，问他们有没有看到玩具。A.decided决定；B.hesitated犹豫；C.hated讨厌；D.expected期待。根据后文“tocallthehotelandaskiftheyhadseenthetoy”可知Allison决定给旅馆打电话，询问工作人员有没有看到玩具。故选A。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位母亲说：“他们说他们会马上检查，如果有人发现了他，就告诉我们。”A.sold出售；B.spotted发现；C.swept扫除；D.approached靠近。结合前后文“letusknowifanyone…him”可知，后文him指的是Ruff，故指发现Ruff就告诉他们。故选B。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：令Allison惊讶的是，几天后，玩具被交还给了Juniper，但这还不是全部。A.anger愤怒；B.disappointment失望；C.surprise惊讶；D.sorrow悲伤。根据前文“founditswaybacktoherina（n）amazingway.”可知，Allison很惊讶，玩具过了几天就回到了Juniper身边。故选C。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：酒店员工确保Ruff在离开Juniper期间，会玩的愉快，所以他们拍下了他在酒店逗留期间做的所有事情。A.night夜晚；B.time时间；C.plan计划；D.idea想法。结合上文“Ruffwouldhaveagood”可知指玩的愉快，短语为haveagoodtime。故选B。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：酒店的员工确保Ruff在离开Juniper期间，会玩的愉快，所以他们拍下了他在酒店逗留期间做的所有事情。A.notes笔记；B.videos视频；C.lessons课程；D.photographs照片。对应后文“thoselovelyphotos”可知员工给Ruff拍了照。故选D。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Allison说，当Ruff被还给他们时，一家人都很高兴。A.delighted高兴的；B.puzzled困惑的；C.mad疯狂的；D.calm平静的。根据后文“whenRuffwasreturned,tothem”可知玩具被找回，一家人很高兴。故选A。【35题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：看到她的玩具回来，小女孩特别感动。A.particularly特别；B.hardly几乎不；C.normally正常地；D.peacefully平静地。结合后文“movedtoseehertoyback”可知玩具被找回，小女孩特别感动。故选A。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Pan,asilversmith（银匠）inMaliaovillageinGuizhouProvinceusedtodreamofpeopleliving____36____abundantlifeinhisvillage,wherenobodyhastoworkfarawayfromhomeandcustomersgothereforbeautifulsilverjewellery.Nowhisdreamhascometrue.Maliaovillageisfamousforitssilverjewellery.Infact,Miaosilverjewellery____37____（list）asNationalIntangibleCulturalHeritagein2006.Butwithcheaper,machine-producedtrinkets（小首饰）____38____（rule）themarket,theycouldn'trelyontheoldtechniquetosurvive.Atthattime,mostpeopleinthevillagelivedunderthepovertyline,____39____meanstheycouldsimplyaffordfoodand____40____（base）clothing,butseldompurchasethingslikebicyclesortelevisions.Somanyvillagerslefttheirhometown____41____（hopeless）.Butin2019,thegovernmentallocated580,000yuanofpovertyfundstosetuptheSilverwareWorkshopofMaliaoVillage,helpingMaliaovillagersfightpoverty____42____theirowncraft.Sincethatyear,mostyoungcraftsmen____43____（return）totheirhometownandfoundabrightfuture.Withthehelpofthegovernment'sworkshop.theylearnedthe____44____（late）fashiontrendsandhowtomeetclients'various____45____（request）.Insteadofholdingontooldideasandexistingdesign,villagersenhancedtheirskillsandmadetheirproductscustomized.【答案】36.an37.waslisted38.ruling39.which40.basic41.hopelessly42.with43.havereturned44.latest45.requests【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了贵州麻料村,村农民在政府的帮助下，重新让传统手工制作辉煌的故事。【36题详解】考查冠词。句意潘文石是贵州省麻寮村的银匠，他曾经梦想着村里的人过着富足的生活，没有人需要离家很远的地方工作，顾客们都到那里去买漂亮的银饰。life表示“生活”时，若指某种方式的生活，为可数名词，liveanabundantlife“过着富足的生活”，且abundant以元音音素开头，故填an。【37题详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：事实上，苗族银饰早在2006年就被列为国家级非物质文化遗产。分析句子可知，list是谓语动词，与主语jewellery是被动关系，根据时间状语in2006可知，用一般过去时的被动语态：was/weredone，主语是第三人称单数，故填waslisted。【38题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：但便宜,机器生产的小饰品统治着市场,他们不用依靠旧的技术才能生存。分析句子可知，此处是with的复合结构，其构成为：with+宾语+宾语补足语，rule是宾语补足语，与宾语trinkets是主动关系，用现在分词，故填ruling。【39题详解】考查定语从句。句意：当时，村里的大多数人生活在贫困线以下，这意味着他们只买得起食物和基本的衣服，但很少购买自行车或电视等东西。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用which引导非限定性定语从句。故填which。【40题详解】考查形容词。句意同上。此处需用形容词作定语修饰名词clothing，base的形容词为basic“基本的”。故填basic。【41题详解】考查副词。句意：许多村民绝望地离开了家乡。空处需用副词作状语修饰动词left，此处需用副词hopelessly表达“绝望，无望”之意。故填hopelessly。【42题详解】考查介词。句意：但2019年，政府拨出58万元扶贫资金，成立麻料村银器作坊，帮助麻料村村民用自己的手艺脱贫。空处需用介词，根据句意可知，此处需用介词with表“凭借”。故填with。【43题详解】,考查动词时态。句意：从那以后，大多数年轻的手工艺人都回到了自己的家乡，找到了光明的未来。根据Sincethatyear判断，此处该用现在完成时：have/hasdone，主语是复数craftsmen，所以空处需用助动词have。故填havereturned。【44题详解】考查形容词。句意：在政府工作坊的帮助下，他们了解了最新的时尚趋势，以及如何满足客户的各种需求。此处意为“最新的潮流趋势”，所以空处需用形容词latest。故填latest。【45题详解】考查名词复数。句意同上。request动词和名词形式皆为request“要求”request为名词时，为可数名词，且由various修饰。故填requests。第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46.假定你是李华，你校英语报征稿，要求同学们介绍上周末的秋游活动。请你写一篇文章投稿，要点包括：1.时间、地点；2.活动内容；3.你的感受。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Lastweekend,ourclassmates,accompaniedbyourteachers,wenttovisittheWestHillParkasanAutumnHike.Thatwasafineday,whichmadeusrelaxed.Onarrivalat10a.m.,wecouldn’thelpappreciatingthebeautifulscenery.Wenoticedsomeleavesturnyellowandsomestillremaingreen.Thewholeparklookedjustlikeagreatpainting.Somestudentsbegantotakephotosinordertokeepthemomentforever.Wewalked,sangsomesongsandlaughedhappily.Atlast,welefttheWestHillParkandwentbackhome.HowIwishthatourschoolwouldorganizemoreactivitieslikethisinfuture.,【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于记叙文。要求考生向校英语报投稿，介绍上周末的秋游活动。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：记叙文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般过去时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1.时间、地点；2.活动内容；3.你的感受。第二步:列提纲（重点词组）inorderto;gotovisit;relaxed;can’thelpdoing;remain;takephotos;inorderto;forever;infuture第三步：连词成句1.Lastweekend,ourclassmates,accompaniedbyourteachers,wenttovisittheWestHillParkasanAutumnHike.2.Thatwasafineday,whichmadeusrelaxed.3.Onarrivalat10a.m.,wecouldn’thelpappreciatingthebeautifulscenery.4.Wenoticedsomeleavesturnyellowandsomestillremaingreen.5.Somestudentsbegantotakephotosinordertokeepthemomentforever.6.HowIwishthatourschoolwouldorganizemoreactivitieslikethisinfuture.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）表文章结构顺序：Atlast连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，【点睛】[高分句型1]Lastweekend,ourclassmates,accompaniedbyourteachers,wenttovisittheWestHillParkasanAutumnHike.运用了过去分词短语accompaniedby作状语，其逻辑主语是ourclassmates。[高分句型2],Thatwasafineday,whichmadeusrelaxed.运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。第二节（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。OnMondaynight,Cindy'snine-year-olddaughterDaisyannouncedshewasgoingtopracticeonelasttimefortheupcomingthirdgradetalentshow.Thefollowingday,she'dbeperforming"FightSong"byRachelPlatten,whichtheybothknewwouldbeacrowdpleaseramongheryoungclassmates.Shehadpreparedherselffortheshowfornearlytwomonths,duringwhichsheherselfmadethefinaldecisiontosingtotheguitar.Shehadlearnedtoplaytheguitarfortwoyears.Asshebegantoplay,Cindyclosedhereyes,imaginingforamomentwhatthechildren'sfaceswouldlooklikeasshebegantoplayandsing.Mostofherclassmateshadneverheardthisgirlsing,letaloneplaytheguitar.Asshesharedhermusicalgiftinthatspotlightmoment,Cindyknewitwouldbehardforhertocontainhersmile.Cindyguessedthatshewouldbealittlenervousbeforesomanystudentsandteachers.Butshewouldn'tbeinvitedtowitnesswhatwouldhappen.Shewasalittledisappointed."Parentsaren'tallowedtocometothethirdgradetalentshow,Mom,"shesaidmatter-of-factlytwoweeksago,breakingherheartrightinhalf.“What?Youmustbemistaken,"Cindysaid,feelinginappropriatelyemotionalaboutthisnews.Theywereonlystudentsofthethirdgrade.Theyshouldbeaccompaniedbytheirparentsonsuchimportantoccasions.Theymaybenervous.Hermindwasfullofkindthoughtsandlove,butshesaidnothing.Perhapsthatdayshehadsomethingunhappysoshewasunwillingtotalkmuchwithher.Perhapsherschoolwouldgiveoutinvitationstoalltheparentswelcomingthemtoappreciatetheirchildren'sperformances.Shedecidedtoofferherpuzzle,sosheaskedwithcaution,"Wouldparentsbeinvitedtotheshow?""No.Noparents.It'sjustforkids."shesaiddoingnothingtosoftentheblow…thatis,untilshesawthelookonherface.Tappingherhandgently,shesaidwithconfidence,"Don'tworry,Mom.I'llbefine.”注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。,Cindyknewshewouldbefine.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Cindydesiredtowatchhergrowthespeciallyonsuchoccasions.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Cindyknewshewouldbefine.Shehadlearnedtoplaytheguitarforalongtimeandshewasatalentedsingerinherfamily.Hermusicalgiftstoodoutwhenshewasonlyoneyearold.Andshe'dwatchedherconfidencegrowoverthepastyears.Sheknewshewouldtakethestagewithherwonderfulperformance.Selfishly,shewantedtobetheretoseeit.Standinginahallorclassroomwithshiningeyesasherchildreadastoryshewrote,recitedalineinaplay,orsangaloneorwithagroup,washerdesire.Cindydesiredtowatchhergrowthespeciallyonsuchoccasions.Inherview,whenDaisyscannedthecrowduntilshefoundher,shelookedatherwithalltheloveinherheart.Inthatmoment,shewouldperformbetter.ButCindyhadtoadmitthatherchildwasbuildingupherindependenceusingherownway.Soperhapssheshouldbeforherdecision.Shewasinamixedemotionalstatewhereherfeelingswerefightingagainstoneanotherandshedecidedtorespectherdecision.Cindygentlytappedhershoulder,saying,“Sure,Iknowyouarethebest."【解析】【分析】文章以人物为线索展开。讲述了Cindy9岁的女儿Daisy将在即将到来的三年级才艺表演上表演蕾切尔·普拉滕(RachelPlatten)的《战斗之歌》(FightSong)。她在为此做最后一次练习，Cindy猜想在这么多学生和老师面前她会有点紧张。但她不会被邀请去见证将要发生的事情。她有点失望。Daisy轻轻地拍了拍她的手，自信地说:“别担心，妈妈。我会没事的。”【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容”Cindy知道她会没事的。“可知，第一段可描写Cindy知道女儿能应对这场表演的原因。②由第二段首句内容“Cindy,渴望看到她的成长，尤其是在这样的场合。”可知，第二段可描写Cindy对女儿用自己的方式培养自己的独立性的感慨。2.续写线索：Cindy明白女儿会应对表演的原因——Cindy想要亲眼目睹——Daisy扫视人群，Cindy用心中的爱看着她——Daisy在用自己的方式培养独立性——Cindy决定尊重女儿词汇激活行为类①突出：standout/protrude/stickout②登上舞台：takethestage/appearonthestage③想要亲眼目睹：wanttobetheretosee/wouldliketowitness④扫视：scan/glanceat⑤看着：lookat/watch⑥培养独立性：buildupone'sindependence/developone'sindependence情绪类①爱：love/affection②决心尊重：decidetorespect/bedeterminedtoesteem【点睛】[高分句型1]ButCindyhadtoadmitthatherchildwasbuildingupherindependenceusingherownways.（that引导宾语从句）[高分句型2]Shewasinamixedemotionalstatewhereherfeelingswerefightingagainstoneanotherandshedecidedtorespectherdecision.（where引导定语从句）