河南省豫西名校2020-2021学年高二上学期第二次联考英语试题 Word版含解析

豫西名校2020—2021学年上期第二次联考高二英语试题(考试时间:1(0)分钟试卷满分:120分)第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ATheWorldHealthOrganization'sInternshipProgramoffersawiderangeofopportunitiesforgraduatestogaininsightinthetechnicalandadministrativeprogramsofWHOwhileenrichingtheirknowledgeandexperienceinthehealthfield.Whoarewelookingfor?Youareatleasttwentyyearsofageonthedateofapplication.Youhavecompletedthreeyearsoffull-timestudiesatauniversity.Applicantswhohavealreadygraduatedmayalsoqualifyforconsiderationiftheyapplytotheinternshipwithinsixmonthsaftercompletionoftheirformalqualification.Youpossessafirstdegreeinapublichealth,medicalorsocialfieldrelatedtothetechnicalworkofWHOoradegreeinamanagement-relatedfield.YouarenotrelatedtoaWHOstaffmember(e.g.,son/daughter,brother/sister,ormother/father).Youarefluentatleastinoneoftheworkinglanguagesoftheofficeofassignment.YouhavenotpreviouslyparticipatedinWHO'sInternshipProgram.—YouholdavalidpassportfromaWHOMemberState.Howtoapply?AllapplicationsshouldbemadeforthevacanciespostedontheWHOCareerssiteusingtheWHOcorporaterecruitmentsystem(Stellis).Don'tmisstheapplicationdeadlines.September1-October15,2020foraninternshipstartingJanuary1-June30,2021January10-February25,2021foraninternshipstartingJuly1-December31,2021ByDecember1,WHOwillinformallselectedcandidateswhoappliedinSeptemberand October.IfyouhavenotreceivedanymessagefromWHObyDecember1,2020,itmeansthatyouhavenotbeenselected.ForcandidateswhoappliedinJanuaryandFebruary2021,noinformationbyApril15,2021meansthatyouhavenotbeenselected.Youmayapplyagainifyouarestillinterested.1.WhowillbeabletoworkintheWorldHealthOrganization’sInternshipProgram?A.AstudentwhosemotherworksataregionalbranchofWHO.B.An18-year-oldseniorstudentatHarvardUniversity.C.Astudentwhograduatedfromuniversityfourmonthsago.D.AformerparticipantofWHO'sInternshipProgram.2.Howshouldstudentsmaketheapplication?A.ByemailingaresumetotheWHO.B.ByusingStellisontheWHOCareerssite.C.Byparticipatinginacampusrecruitmentevent.D.Byvisitingalocalcareerinformationwebsite.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword''candidates"probablymean?A.Applicants.B.Employees.C.Students.D.Judges.【答案】1.C2.B3.A【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章是一则世界卫生组织招聘实习的介绍，介绍了对申请人的要求、申请方式和截止日期等信息。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据Whoarewelookingfor?部分中“Youhavecompletedthreeyearsoffull-timestudiesatauniversity.Applicantswhohavealreadygraduatedmayalsoqualifyforconsiderationiftheyapplytotheinternshipwithinsixmonthsaftercompletionoftheirformalqualification.(你在一所大学完成了三年的全日制学习。已经毕业的申请人，已经毕业的申请人如果在完成正式资格认证后六个月内申请实习，也有资格被考虑)”可推知，C选项“一个四个月前大学毕业的学生”能够在世界卫生组织的实习项目中工作。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Howtoapply?部分中“AllapplicationsshouldbemadeforthevacanciespostedontheWHOCareerssiteusingtheWHOcorporaterecruitmentsystem(Stellis).( 所有申请都应使用世卫组织企业招聘系统Stellis，申请世卫组织职业网站上公布的职位空缺)”可知，学生应该在世界卫生组织的就业网站上使用Stellis进行申请。故选B。【3题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“ByDecember1,WHOwillinformallselected”以及后文“whoappliedinSeptemberandOctober”可知，在12月1日之前，世卫组织将通知所有在9月和10月申请的入选申请人。故画线词意思为“申请人”。故选A。BAttheDaytona500inDaytonaBeach,Florida,onSunday,tensionsranhighbetweenthedrivers,allanxioustostarttheNASCAR(全国汽车比赛协会)seasonwithagoodrace.TonyStewartinparticularseemedtowanttohaveanimpressivefinishandwenttosomelengthstoachieveit,includinggettingextremelyclosetosomeothercars.Stewart'sfirsthadaruninwithMattKenseth.Stewartmadeanaggressivemove,whichsentKensethunabletofinishtheDaytona500.However,StewartsimplyreceivedanaggressivedrivingpunishmentfromNASCARofficials.Stewart,whohadbeenpromotingsaferdrivingallweekleadinguptotheraceaccordingtotheAssociatedPress,alsohadaruninwithKyleBusch.BuschandStewarthadaruninwhichresultedinStewartcrossingovertheyellowout-of-boundsline.StewartwasnotpunishedbecauseofficialsdecideditwasBusch'sfault.AddingtotheexcitementofthisopeningracefortheNASCARseason,StewartalsohadaruninwithJeffGordon'scar.Onlap47thetwoweregoingaroundatightspot,bothtryingtobeattheotheroneoutfortheleadwhenStewarttappedGordon'scar.Bothcarsgrazedthewall,althoughtherewasminimaldamageandbothwereabletocontinueon.GordontoldreportersthathebelievesthisincidentwasthefaultofbothhimselfandStewart.MaybeitisacoincidencethatStewartwasinvolvedinalloftheserun-insormaybehewasreallyjustdeterminedtofinishwellinthisrace—nooneknowsforsure.ButStewartfinished5thinthisracewhiletheotherpeoplehehadaruninwithdidnotplaceinthetopfive.4.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Stewartwishedotherstowintherace.B.KensethwouldwintheracewithoutStewart.C.Stewartshouldhavebeenpunishedmoreseriously. D.Stewartgotclosetoothercarstohelpthem.5.Whywasn'tStewardpunishedwhenhiscarcrossedovertheyellowline?A.BecausehethoughtitwasBusch'sfault.B.Becausehehadbeendrivingsafelyallweek.CBecauseBushhithiscaronpurpose.D.Becauseofficialsthoughthedidn'tbreakthelaw.6.What'sthemainideaofParagraph4?A.Stewart'sgoodluck.B.Stewat'sruninwithJeffGordon'scar.C.ThefaultoftheruninwithJeffGordon'scar.D.Stewart'sandGordon'scarswerebothdamaged.7.WhichwordbestdescribesStewartasaracedriver?A.Devoted.B.Humourous.C.Lucky.D.Diligent.【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在全国汽车比赛中，两位汽车比赛选手发生的冲突。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“However,StewartsimplyreceivedanaggressivedrivingpunishmentfromNASCARofficials.(然而，Stewart只是受到了全国汽车比赛协会官员的严厉驾驶处罚。)”从转折可推断，Stewart应该受到更严厉的惩罚。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“StewartwasnotpunishedbecauseofficialsdecideditwasBusch'sfault.(斯图尔特没有受到惩罚，因为官员们认定这是Busch的错。)”可知，Stewart的车越过黄线时没有受到惩罚是因为官员们认为他没有违法。故选D。【6题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Onlap47thetwoweregoingaroundatightspot,bothtryingtobeattheotheroneoutfortheleadwhenStewarttappedGordon'scar.(在第47圈，两人在一个狭窄的赛道上行驶，两人都试图击败对方获得领先，这时Stewart撞上了Gordon的赛车。) ”及本段内容可知，本段主要讲述Stewart撞上了JeffGordon的车的过程。故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“MaybeitisacoincidencethatStewartwasinvolvedinalloftheserun-insormaybehewasreallyjustdeterminedtofinishwellinthisrace—nooneknowsforsure.ButStewartfinished5thinthisracewhiletheotherpeoplehehadaruninwithdidnotplaceinthetopfive.(也许这是一个巧合，Stewart参与了所有这些争论，或者也许他真的只是决定在这场比赛中完成得很好-没有人知道确切的答案。但是Stewart在这次比赛中获得了第五名，而其他与他有过接触的人都没有进入前五名。)”可推断，Stewart作为一名赛车手是非常幸运的。故选C。CMarshallMcLuhanusedtheterm"globalvillage”inhisbookUnderstandingMediatodescribehowmassmediainparticularthetelegraphandradio,wasmakingtheworldspatiallysmallerbyallowingpeoplefromallcomersoftheglobeaccesstothesameinformation.IncontemporaryLimestheterm“globalvillage”mostcommonlyreferstotheinternet,whichtakesitonestepfurther:nowpeoplearoundtheworldcannotonlyaccessthesameinformation,theycanalsoaccesseachother,immediately.Seeminglyworldwideelectroniccommunicationisbringingusalltogetherunderoneglobalculturalumbrella”promotingmutualunderstandingandhopefullyreducingconflict.Althoughitisattractivetobelievethisisthecase,infacttheeasewithwhichpeoplecannowconnectelectronicallyhasonlychangedthewaysinwhichpeopleinteract,notthebasicformofthoseinteractions.Theworldisnomoreavillagethaniteverwas.Theterm"village”bringstomindacommunitythathasheldtogetherformutualprotection.Membersofavillagehaveavestedinterestinthesurvivalofothermembers:thereisstrengthinnumbers,andifyourcropsfail,chancesarethatyourneighborwillhelpyouuntilthenextharvest.Sincetheintroductionoftheinternet,theideaofacommunitynolongernecessarilymeanseveryonelivesrightnextdoortoeachother,butthebasicideaofunityandmutualcareremains.Peoplewhoconnectonlinedosobecausetheyareinterestedinsimilarthings:theyaresomehowalike,justaspeopleinrealvillagesareoftenrelatedthroughfamilyorindustry.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it”inParagraph1referto?A.Telegraph.B.Radio.C.Media.D.Internet.9.Howmanyfunctionsdoesworldwideelectroniccommunicationhaveonthesurface? A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.10.Whydopeopleconnectonline?A.Becausetheirparentsaskthemtodoso.B.Becausetheyaredifferentfromeachother.C.Becausetheyareallfondofsimilarthings.D.Becausetheyareinterestedindifferentthings.11.Wheremaythepassageprobablycomefrom?A.Anewsreport.B.Afictionbook.C.Anadwebsite.D.Asciencenewspaper.【答案】8.C9.B10.C11.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大众传媒的类型、功能以及对人们生活的影响等。【8题详解】词义猜测题。根据第一段中“MarshallMcLuhanusedtheterm"globalvillage”inhisbookUnderstandingMediatodescribehowmassmediainparticularthetelegraphandradio,wasmakingtheworldspatiallysmallerbyallowingpeoplefromallcomersoftheglobeaccesstothesameinformation.(MarshallMcLuhan在他的《理解媒体》一书中使用了“地球村”一词来描述大众传媒，尤其是电报和广播，是如何通过让来自世界各地的人都能获得相同的信息，从而使世界的空间变得更小的)”以及画线词上文“IncontemporaryLimestheterm“globalvillage”mostcommonlyreferstotheinternet,whichtakes”和后文“onestepfurther:nowpeoplearoundtheworldcannotonlyaccessthesameinformation,theycanalsoaccesseachother,immediately.”可知，在当代，“地球村”一词通常指互联网，互联网使得大众传媒更进一步：现在世界各地的人们不仅可以访问相同的信息，他们还可以立即相互访问。故it指的是“大众传媒”。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Seeminglyworldwideelectroniccommunicationisbringingusalltogetherunderoneglobalculturalumbrella”promotingmutualunderstandingandhopefullyreducingconflict.(表面上世界范围内的电子通讯将我们所有人聚集在一个全球文化保护伞下，促进相互理解，希望减少冲突)”可知，世界范围内的电子通讯在表面上有将人们聚集在全球文化保护伞下，促进相互理解，希望减少冲突三个功能。故选B。 【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Peoplewhoconnectonlinedosobecausetheyareinterestedinsimilarthings:theyaresomehowalike,justaspeopleinrealvillagesareoftenrelatedthroughfamilyorindustry.(在网上联系人这样做是因为他们对相似的事情感兴趣：他们在某种程度上是相似的，就像现实中村庄里的人经常通过家庭或行业联系在一起)”可知，人们在网上联系因为他们都喜欢相似的东西。故选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“MarshallMcLuhanusedtheterm"globalvillage”inhisbookUnderstandingMediatodescribehowmassmediainparticularthetelegraphandradio,wasmakingtheworldspatiallysmallerbyallowingpeoplefromallcomersoftheglobeaccesstothesameinformation.(MarshallMcLuhan在他的《理解媒体》一书中使用了“地球村”一词来描述大众传媒，尤其是电报和广播，是如何通过让来自世界各地的人都能获得相同的信息，从而使世界的空间变得更小的)”结合文章主要介绍了大众传媒的类型、功能以及对人们生活的影响等。可推知，文章可能选自一份科学报纸。故选D。DFederalscientistshavestartedtestingmigratorybirds(候鸟)forsignsofadangerousbirdfluthatcouldshowuponthiscontinentthisspring.ThetestingofshorebirdsbeganWednesdayatanAnchoragecoastalwildliferefuge(藏身处),saidBruceWoods,spokesmanwiththeU.S.FishandWildlifeService.Itisthefirstsamplingofasummer-longprojecttoswab(用拭子取液体)birdsforbirdfluthroughoutthestate.Nationwide,thegoalistosample75,000to100,000wildbirds.InAlaska,about$4millioninfederalmoneywillbepaidtostudyabout15,000birds,Woodssaid.“Wehadsomesuccessincatchingsomeofthetargetspecies,”WoodssaidThursday.Morethan40speciesofwaterfowlandshorebirdsareconsideredsusceptibletoinfectionbyahighlypathogenic(致病的)H5N1birdfluvirusthat’skilledmorethan100people,inotherpartsoftheworld,mostlyinAsia.ScientistswillonlytestbirdsintheAnchorageareathroughearlynextweek.“Inthislocation,it’sverybrief.Birdsgothroughandthey’regone,”hesaid.Toscreenthebirdsforthedeadlyvirus,theU.S.FishandWildlifeServiceandAlaska’sFishandGameDepartmentalsoaresettingupmorethan50remotebackcountrycampsaccessible mainlybyfloatplanesorboats.Manybirdswillbetestedandreleased,whileotherskilledduringseasonalhuntswillbetestedaftertheyhavedied.Alaskaisanidealbirdflulaboratorybecauseit’satthecrossroadsofmigratorypathwaysforbirdsflyingbetweentheUnitedStatesandothercountries.SomeofthesebirdsarriveinAlaskaeachyearfromAsia,reportsAP.12.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?A.Over50remotehackcountrycampsarebeingbuilt.B.Morethan100peoplehavediedofH5N1birdfluvirus.C.InAlaska,thegoaltoswabbirdsforbirdfluis75,000to100,000wildbirds.D.Around15,000birdswillbestudiedwiththemoneyprovidedbythefederalgovernment.13.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Onlykilledbirdswillbetested.B.AsiaisamoreseriouspartinfectedbyH5N1virus.C.Thescientiststherehavenoexperiencetocatchthebirds.D.Asmanyas50speciesofwaterfowlandshorebirdareinfectedbyH5N1birdfluvirus.14.WhatmakesAlaskaanidealbirdflulaboratory?A.Itslocation.B.Itsclimate.C.Thebirdsthere.D.Itsenvironment.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HowaremigratorybirdstestedforbirdfluB.TestingforbirdflubeginsinAlaskaC.Alaska,anidealbirdflulaboratoryD.InfluenceofH5N1birdfluvims【答案】12.C13.B14.A15.B【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了联邦科学家已经在阿拉斯加开始对候鸟进行测试，寻找可能在今年春天出现在这块大陆上的危险禽流感迹象。【12题详解】细节理解题。由第三段中的“Nationwide,thegoalistosample75,000to100,000wildbirds.”可知，目标是在全国范围内对75000至100000只野生鸟类进行采样。由此可知，是在全国范围内采样，而不是仅在Alaska采样。故选C项。 【13题详解】推理判断题。由第五段“Morethan40speciesofwaterfowlandshorebirdsareconsideredsusceptibletoinfectionbyahighlypathogenic(致病的)H5N1birdfluvirusthat'skilledmorethan100people,inotherpartsoftheworld,mostlyinAsia.”可知，40多种水禽和滨鸟被认为易受高致病性H5N1禽流感病毒感染，该病毒在世界其他地区已造成100多人死亡，主要是在亚洲。由此可知，亚洲是H5N1病毒感染较严重的地区。故选B项。【14题详解】细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Alaskaisanidealbirdflulaboratorybecauseit'satthecrossroadsofmigratorypathwaysforbirdsflyingbetweentheUnitedStatesandothercountries.”可知，阿拉斯加是一个理想的禽流感实验室，因为它位于美国和其他国家之间鸟类迁徙路线的十字路口。由此可知，阿拉斯加的位置使它成为一个理想的禽流感实验室。故选A项。15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Federalscientistshavestartedtestingmigratorybirds(候鸟)forsignsofadangerousbirdfluthatcouldshowuponthiscontinentthisspring.(联邦科学家已经开始对候鸟进行测试，寻找可能在今年春天出现在这块大陆上的危险禽流感迹象)”，第三段“InAlaska,about$4millioninfederalmoneywillbepaidtostudyabout15,000birds,Woodssaid.(伍兹说，在阿拉斯加，大约400万美元的联邦资金将用于研究大约15000只鸟类)”及最后一段中的“Alaskaisanidealbirdflulaboratorybecauseit'satthecrossroadsofmigratorypathwaysforbirdsflyingbetweentheUnitedStatesandothercountries.(阿拉斯加是一个理想的禽流感实验室，因为它位于美国和其他国家之间鸟类迁徙路线的十字路口)”可知，文章主要讲要对候鸟进行禽流感检测，而禽流感抽检项目的首次抽样是从阿拉斯加开始。由此可知，B项“阿拉斯加开始进行禽流感检测”适合做本文最佳标题。故选B项。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Peaceofmindisthemostusefulinhumanlife.___16___Onanalyzingthecausesofthisrestlessness,Ihavetriedtofindformyselffoursolutionsthatneedtobefollowedloyally.Donotinterfereinothers'business.___17___Wedosobecausesomehowwehaveconvincedourselvesthatourwayisthebestway.Notwohumanbeingscanthinkoractinexactlythesameway.Whyareyoubothered?Mind yourownbusinessandyouwillhaveyourpeace.Donotdesirerecognition.Thisworldisfullofselfishpeople.___18___Theymaypraiseyoutodaybecauseyouarerichandhavepowerbutifyouarepowerless,theywillforgetyourachievementandstartcriticizingyou.Donotbejealous.___19___Youknowyouworkharderthanyourcolleaguesintheofficebuttheygetpromotions,youdonot.Shouldyoubejealous?No,rememberjealousywillnotgetyouanywhere,butwillonlygiveyourestlessness.___20___Ifyoutrytochangetheenvironmentbyyourself,thechancesarethatyoumayfail.Instead,changeyourselftosuittheenvironment.Asyoudothis,eventheenvironment,whichhasremainedunfriendlyforyou,willmysteriouslyappeartobefriendlyandharmonious.A.Donotdelayandneverregret.B.Mostofuscreateourownproblemsbyinterferingtooofteninothers'affairs.C.Itappearsthatmostofusareinastateofcontinuousrestlessness.D.Theyseldompraiseanybodywithoutselfishmotive.E.Neverleavethemindempty.F.Changeyourselfaccordingtotheenvironment.G.Weallhaveexperiencedhowjealousycandisturbourpeaceofmind.【答案】16.C17.B18.D19.G20.F【解析】这是一篇说明文。内心的平静是人生最有用的东西，但似乎我们大多数人都处于一种持续不安的状态。文章主要就如何保持内心平静提出了一些建议。【16题详解】根据上文“Peaceofmindisthemostusefulinhumanlife.(内心的平静是人生最有用的东西)”以及后文“Onanalyzingthecausesofthisrestlessness,Ihavetriedtofindformyselffoursolutionsthatneedtobefollowedloyally.(在分析这种不安的原因后，我试图为自己找到四个需要忠实遵循的解决方案)”可知，上文提到了内心的平静，后文则提到分析不安的原因，可知本句是在说明人内心不安的状态，C选项中restlessness对应后文中thisrestlessness。故C选项“似乎我们大多数人都处于一种持续不安的状态”符合语境，故选C。 【17题详解】根据标题“Donotinterfereinothers'business.(不要干涉别人的事)”以及后文“Wedosobecausesomehowwehaveconvincedourselvesthatourwayisthebestway.Notwohumanbeingscanthinkoractinexactlythesameway.Whyareyoubothered?Mindyourownbusinessandyouwillhaveyourpeace.(我们这样做是因为我们已经说服自己，我们的方式是最好的方式。没有两个人的思维方式或行为方式完全相同。你烦什么？管好你自己的事，你就会得到安宁)”可知，本段说明的是人们因为过多干涉别人的事情，而造成自己的不安，B选项中interferingtooofteninothers'affairs对应标题中interfereinothers'business。故B选项“我们大多数人都因为太经常干涉别人的事情而制造了自己的问题”符合语境，故选B。【18题详解】根据上文“Thisworldisfullofselfishpeople.(这个世界上有很多自私的人)”以及后文“Theymaypraiseyoutodaybecauseyouarerichandhavepowerbutifyouarepowerless,theywillforgetyourachievementandstartcriticizingyou.(他们今天可能会赞美你，因为你有钱有权，但如果你无权无势，他们就会忘记你的成就，开始批评你)”可知，本段主要说明的是，人们赞美他人很少不带个人动机，D选项中praise对应后文中praise。故D选项“他们很少不带自私动机地赞扬别人”符合语境，故选D。【19题详解】根据后文“Youknowyouworkharderthanyourcolleaguesintheofficebuttheygetpromotions,youdonot.Shouldyoubejealous?No,rememberjealousywillnotgetyouanywhere,butwillonlygiveyourestlessness.(你知道你比办公室里的同事更努力工作，但是他们得到了晋升，而你没有。你应该嫉妒吗？不，记住嫉妒不会让你有任何收获，只会让你不安)”可知，本段说明的让我们内心不安的因素是对他人的嫉妒，G选项中jealousy对应后文中的jealousy。故G选项“我们都经历过嫉妒如何扰乱我们内心的平静”符合语境，故选G。【20题详解】根据本段内容“Ifyoutrytochangetheenvironmentbyyourself,thechancesarethatyoumayfail.Instead,changeyourselftosuittheenvironment.Asyoudothis,eventheenvironment,whichhasremainedunfriendlyforyou,willmysteriouslyappeartobefriendlyandharmonious.(如果你试图自己改变环境，很有可能你会失败。相反，改变自己以适应环境。当你这样做的时候，即使是对你一直不利的环境，也会神秘地显得友好和和谐)”可知，本段强调的是改变自己来适应环境，F选项Changeyourselfaccordingtotheenvironment可对应后文中change yourselftosuittheenvironment。故F选项“根据环境改变自己”符合小标题，故选F。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节(共20小题;每小题］.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Morethan30,000runners,selectedfrom160,000applicantsbothinandoutofChina,tookpartinthisyear'sBeijingMarathononNov.3.WearingcolorfulT-shirtsandposingforphotos,they___21___atTiananmenSquarebeforetakingtheir___22___atthestartingline.Nearlyadecadeago,Chinesemarathon___23___struggledtomakefullpreparations.Now,atbig___24___liketheBeijingMarathon,runnersmustwinalotterytoenter.Thisis___25___oftheworld’srunningboom.Formillionsofrunnersaroundtheworld,therealreasonthey___26___topoundtheroadsuntiltheirlegshurtismorethanweightlossorfitness.Chasingrecordslikethethree-hour___27___,forexample,isimportant,butit’snotthereasonpeoplerunmileaftermile,uphills,inwindandrain,whentheycouldjuststay___28___intheirbeds.Recordtimesare___29___thecarrotstheyhanginfrontofthemselves.Lastyear,arunnerintheUnitedKingdom_____30_____withthegoalofrunningamarathoninlessthanthreehours.Intheend,he_____31_____inthreehoursandtwominutes.However,hewas_____32_____afterward.IfI’ddoneit,thatwouldbeit,MietoldtheGuardian.“NowI'vestillgotmy_____33_____,Icantryagainnextyear.”Althoughrunningis_____34_____andrequireseffort,italsobringsjoy._____35_____children.Whentheyareexcited,theycan’tstoprunningbackandforth,_____36_____.Indeed,whenweracethroughthestreetsofacity,splashingthroughpuddles(水洼),getting_____37_____intherainandruffledinthewind,wecan_____38_____thatchildishjoyagain.AsHoldenCaulfield,themain_____39_____ofthenovelThecatchertheRye(《麦田里的守望者》),said,“Idon’t_____40_____knowwhatIwasrunningfor—IguessIjustfeltlikeit.”21.A.workedB.pickedC.gatheredD.speeded22.A.placesB.businessesC.chargesD.suggestions 23.A.teachersB.organizersC.studentsD.teammates24.A.eventsB.incidentsC.showsD.things25.A.partB.significanceC.taskD.benefit26.A.thinkoutB.headoutC.cryoutD.bringout27.A.peaceB.studyC.progressD.mark28.A.calmB.comfortableC.healthyD.hopeless29.A.onlyB.hardlyC.completelyD.particularly30.A.hikedB.injuredC.refreshedD.trained31.A.finishedB.occurredC.failedD.attempted32.A.astonishedB.pleasedC.worriedD.upset33.A.prizeB.loveC.targetD.future34.A.hardB.flexibleC.excitingD.reasonable35.A.DependonB.ThinkaboutC.BelieveinD.Cometo36.A.upanddownB.inawayC.fromtimetotimeD.onthecontrary37.A.happyB.wetC.sadD.scared38.A.senseB.convinceC.promiseD.suspect39.A.expertB.characterC.readerD.assistant40.A.stillB.ratherC.everD.even【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.A25.A26.B27.D28.B29.A30.D31.A32.B33.C34.A35.B36.A37.B38.A39.B40.D【解析】 这是一篇新闻报道。11月3日，从16万名国内外申请者中挑选出的3万多名选手参加了今年的北京马拉松赛。文章介绍了比赛现场的一些情况以及跑步对于跑步者的意义。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们穿着五颜六色的T恤，摆着姿势拍照，聚集在天安门广场，然后在起跑线上各就各位。A.worked工作；B.picked捡起；C.gathered聚集；D.speeded加速。根据后文“atTiananmenSquare”可知，人们聚集在天安门广场上。故选C。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们穿着五颜六色的T恤，摆着姿势拍照，聚集在天安门广场，然后在起跑线上各就各位。A.places地方；B.businesses生意；C.charges费用；D.suggestions建议。结合后文“atthestartingline”可知，指在起跑线上各就各位，准备开始比赛，takeone’splace“找准位置”。故选A。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：大约十年前，中国马拉松组织者努力做好充分准备。A.teachers老师；B.organizers组织者；C.students学生；D.teammates队友。根据后文“struggledtomakefullpreparations”以及“runnersmustwinalotterytoenter”可知，本句是在说明中国马拉松组织者过去和现在的情况对比，以前组织者要努力做好准备，如今选手则必须赢得入场券才能参赛。故选B。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，在像北京马拉松这样的大型赛事上，参赛者必须赢得入场券才能参赛。A.events赛事，活动；B.incidents事件；C.shows表演；D.things事情。根据后文“liketheBeijingMarathon”可知，此处指像北京马拉松这样的大型赛事，应用events。故选A。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是世界跑步热潮的一部分。A.part部分；B.significance重要性；C.task任务；D.benefit利益。结合后文“oftheworld'srunningboom.”可知，北京马拉松是世界跑步热潮的一个部分。故选A。【26题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于世界各地数以百万计的跑步者来说，他们外出跑到腿疼为止的真正原因不仅仅是为了减肥或健身。A.thinkout解决；B.headout外出，前往；C.cryout大声呼喊；D.bringout出版。根据后文“topoundtheroadsuntiltheirlegshurt ”可知，指跑步者外出跑步跑到腿疼。故选B。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，追逐像三小时大关这样的记录是很重要的，但这不是人们本来可以舒适地躺在床上，却一英里又一英里地爬山、风雨无阻的原因。A.peace和平；B.study学习；C.progress进步；D.mark符号。结合上文“recordslikethethree-hour”可知，此处指跑步三个小时这样标志性的记录大关应用mark。故选D。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，追逐像三小时大关这样的记录是很重要的，但这不是人们本来可以舒适地躺在床上，却一英里又一英里地爬山、风雨无阻的原因。A.calm平静的；B.comfortable舒服的；C.healthy健康的；D.hopeless绝望的。根据后文“intheirbeds”可知，此处是舒适地躺在床上。故选B。【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：破纪录的时间不过是摆在他们面前的胡萝卜。A.only不过，仅仅；B.hardly几乎不；C.completely完全地；D.particularly尤其。根据后文“thecarrotstheyhanginfrontofthemselves”可知，此处指破纪录的时间不过是胡萝卜，应用only。故选A。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：去年，英国一名跑步者训练在不到三小时内跑完马拉松。A.hiked远足；B.injured伤害；C.refreshed使恢复精神；D.trained训练。结合后文“withthegoalofrunningamarathoninlessthanthreehours”可知，指训练在不到三个小时内跑完马拉松。故选D。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，他用了3小时2分钟。A.finished结束；B.occurred发生；C.failed失败；D.attempted尝试。根据后文“inthreehoursandtwominutes”可知，此处指最后跑完马拉松用了3小时2分钟，应用finish。故选A。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不过，他后来还是很高兴。A.astonished惊讶的；B.pleased愉快的；C.worried担心的；D.upset沮丧的。however表示转折，说明虽然没有在三小时内跑完，但还是很高兴。故选B。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“现在我的目标还在，明年我可以再试一次。”A.prize奖品； B.love爱；C.target目标；D.future未来。对应上文中“thegoalofrunningamarathoninlessthanthreehours”可知，此处指三个小时内跑完马拉松的目标还在。故选C。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然跑步是辛苦的，需要努力，但它也带来了快乐。A.hard辛苦的，困难的；B.flexible灵活的；C.exciting令人激动的；D.reasonable合理的。结合后文“andrequireseffort”可知，跑步很辛苦，需要个人努力。故选A。【35题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：设想一下小孩子。A.Dependon取决于；B.Thinkabout考虑；C.Believein相信；D.Cometo想起。结合后文“children.Whentheyareexcited”可知，此处指把跑步设想成小孩子。故选B。【36题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：当他们兴奋的时候，他们就不停地来回，前前后后地跑。A.upanddown前前后后；B.inaway在某种程度上；C.fromtimetotime时常；D.onthecontrary正相反。对应上文“theycan’tstoprunningbackandforth”可知，此处指孩子兴奋时来回前后地跑。故选A。【37题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：确实，当我们在城市的街道上奔跑，在水坑里溅起水花，在雨中淋湿，在风中飘动，我们又能感受到那种孩子气的快乐。A.happy快乐的；B.wet潮湿的；C.sad悲伤；D.scared害怕的。根据后文“intherain”可知，此处指在雨中淋湿。故选B。【38题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：确实，当我们在城市的街道上奔跑，在水坑里溅起水花，在雨中淋湿，在风中飘动，我们又能感受到那种孩子气的快乐。A.sense感觉到；B.convince说服；C.promise承诺；D.suspect怀疑。结合后文“thatchildishjoyagain”可知，此处指在跑步过程中再次感受到孩子般的快乐。故选A。【39题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如小说《麦田里的守望者》的主角HoldenCaulfield所说：“我甚至不知道自己在跑什么——我猜我就是喜欢跑吧。”A.expert专家；B.character主角，性格；C.reader读者；D.assistant助手。根据后文“ofthenovelThecatchertheRye”可知，此处指小说《麦田里的守望者》的主角HoldenCaulfield。故选B。【40题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：正如小说《麦田里的守望者》的主角HoldenCaulfield所说：“我甚至不知道自己在跑什么——我猜我就是喜欢跑吧。”A.still仍然；B.rather宁愿；C.ever曾经；D.even甚至。结合后文“knowwhatIwasrunningfor”可知，此处指主角HoldenCaulfield甚至不知道自己在跑什么。故选D。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Throughastudentexchangeprogram,IgotthechancetoexperiencelifeinGermany.TheschoolI___41___(go)toislocatedinBerlinandwasnamed___42___thefamouswriterAchimvonArnim(1781-1831).Theschoolhasaboutadozenclassrooms___43___areusedtodevelopstudents'interestsinautorepair(汽车维修)，woodwork,artdesign,anddecorationmaking.Amongthemany___44___(class),thecraftlessonsimpressedmethemost.Intheworkshop,therewasspecialequipmentforeachproject.Ourvisitinggroupdecided___45___(make)apadlock(挂锁).Atfirst,allwehadwasapieceofmetalandsomebristles(刷毛).Thetaskwastomaketheroughsurfaceandthesharpedgesmooththenhollow(挖空)outacircleinthemiddleofthemetalblock.Smallthings,yes,___46___theyallrequiredplentyoftime.Sometimesoneedgewasnotsmooth,butafter___47___(make)itsharper,Ifoundouttheothersidebecameskewed(歪斜的).ItseemedlikeIwouldneverbeabletomakeaperfectpadlock.ButGermanstudentscoulddothem___48___(good).Theylearnedtobe___49___(patience)throughthesesmalldifficulties.Theywillalwayscarrythequalitywiththem,andbegratefulforwhattheyget.That'sthemain____50____(believe)of"craftsmanspirit".【答案】41.went42.after43.that/which44.classes45.tomake46.but47.making48.well49.patient50.belief 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作者去德国当留学生的一次经历，作者在这期间参与了一次挂锁制作的课程，简单的介绍了制作流程，最后作者感慨德国学生的对于工匠精神的信仰。【41题详解】考查时态。句意：我就读的学校位于柏林，以著名作家阿希姆·冯·阿尼姆（1781-1831）的名字命名。TheschoolI___1___(go)to是定语从句，从句缺乏谓语，由上文的“Throughastudentexchangeprogram,IgotthechancetoexperiencelifeinGermany.”（通过学生交换项目，我有机会体验在德国的生活。）可知，事情发生在过去，时态用一般过去时。故填went。【42题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：我就读的学校位于柏林，以著名作家阿希姆·冯·阿尼姆（1781-1831）的名字命名。固定搭配benamedafter…（以……命名）。故填after。【43题详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：学校有十几间教室，用来培养学生对汽车修理、木工、艺术设计和装饰制作的兴趣。此处是定语从句，先行词是classrooms，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。【44题详解】考查名词的数。句意：在众多的课程中，工艺课给我印象最深。此处用名词作介词Among的宾语，可数名词class由many修饰，用名词复数形式。故填classes。【45题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我们的参观团决定做一个挂锁。固定搭配decidetodosth.（决定做某事），用动词不定式（todo）形式。故填tomake。【46题详解】考查连词。句意：小事情，是的，但它们都需要大量的时间。由句意可知，此处用but表转折。故填but。【47题详解】考查动名词。句意：有时一边不光滑，但把它弄得更锋利后，我发现另一边歪了。介词after后用动名词（doing）形式。故填making。【48题详解】考查副词。句意：但德国学生可以做得很好。此处用副词well（好）作状语修饰动词do。故填well。 【49题详解】考查形容词。句意：他们在这些小困难中学会了耐心。系动词be后面用形容词形式。故填patient。【50题详解】考查名词。句意：这是“工匠精神”的主要信仰。themain___10___(believe)of"craftsmanspirit"是名词所有格，形容词后用名词，此处用名词形式。故填belief。第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。DearJim,I'mhappytoreceiveyourletterbutknowyou'recomingtoChina.OfthetwotripsfortheYangtzeRiverandMountTai,allarehighlyrecommended.Personal,IpreferthetouralongtheYangtze,thelongestriverandoneofthemotherriversofChinesecivilization.YoucanlearnalotofaboutthehistoryofChinaandChinesepeople.Moreover,thesceneryalongtheriverisamazed,withmanywell-knownsightseeingspot.That'swhyIthoughtthetripalongtheYangtzewillbeagoodchoice.Ihopeyou'llhavegoodtimeinChina.Yours,LiHua【答案】1.but→and2.for→to3.all→both4.Personal→Personally5.删除of 6.amazed→amazing7.spot→spots8.thought→think9.good→better10.have之后加a【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。是李华写给Jim的信，信中李华推荐沿长江旅游，并说明了原因。【详解】1.考查连词。句意：很高兴收到你的来信，知道你要来中国。结合前后文语境，可知此处为并列关系，应用连词and。故but改为and。2.考查介词。句意：在去长江和泰山的两次旅行中，这两次都是非常值得推荐的。结合句意表示“去……的旅行”短语为tripto。故for改为to。3.考查代词。句意：在去长江和泰山的两次旅行中，这两次都是非常值得推荐的。结合上文twotrips可知，表示“两者都……”应用both，all用于“三者或三者以上都……”。故all改为both。4.考查副词。句意：就我个人而言，我更喜欢沿长江旅游，长江是中国最长的河流，也是中华文明的母亲河之一。修饰后文整个句子应用副词personally，表示“就个人而言”。故Personal改为Personally。5.考查固定短语。句意：你可以了解到很多关于中国和中国人的历史。修饰动词learn应用alot，alotof用于修饰名词，表示“许多”。故删除of。6.考查形容词。句意：此外，沿江的风景也很迷人，有许多著名的旅游景点。此处主语为thesceneryalongtheriver，应用-ing结尾形容词amazing，作表语，表示“令人惊异的”；amazed表示“感到惊讶的”，用于修饰人。故amazed改为amazing。7.考查名词的数。句意：此外，沿江的风景也很迷人，有许多著名的旅游景点。spot为可数名词，由many修饰应用复数。故spot改为spots。8.考查动词时态。句意：这就是为什么我认为沿长江旅行将是一个更好的选择。陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，主语为I，谓语动词用原形。故thought改为think。9.考查比较级。句意：这就是为什么我认为沿长江旅行将是一个更好的选择。此处将沿长江旅行和去泰山旅行相比较，作者认为沿长江旅行将是一个更好的选择，应用比较级better。故good改为better。 10.考查冠词。句意：希望你在中国过得愉快。结合句意表示“过得愉快”短语为haveagoodtime。故have之后加a。第二节书面表达(25分)52.假定你是某中学高二(1)班学生李华，请用英文写一封申请信，申请作为“寄宿家庭(hostfamily)”接待下个月来你校交换学习的加拿大中学生。内容包括：1.家庭成员；2.卧室环境；3.交通条件。注意:1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头、结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearSirorMadam,IamLiHuafromClassOne,GradeTwo.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________Iwouldappreciateitifyoucanconsidermyapplication.Iamlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yourssincerely,LiHua【答案】DearSirorMadam,I'mLiHuafromClassOne,GradeTwo.IamgladtolearnthatsomestudentsfromCanadawillcometoourschoolonanexchangeprogram.MyfamilywanttoapplytobeahostfamilyforaCanadianstudent.Therearethreemembersinmyfamily,myparentsandme.AllofusaregoodatcommunicatinginEnglish,sincemyfatherandmotherbothworkasteachersinuniversities.AndnowwehaveasparebedroomavailablewithabathroomandfreeInternetaccess.Besides,myhouseisonlyfive-minutewalkingdistanceaway.Itwillbeveryconvenientforhimtogettoandfromschooleveryday.Ibelievemyguestwillenjoyhisstayhere.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucanconsidermyapplication.Iamlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply. Yourssincerely,LiHua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生用英文写一封申请信，申请作为寄宿家庭接待下个月来你校交换学习的加拿大中学生。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1.家庭成员；2.卧室环境；3.交通条件。第二步:列提纲（重点词组）anexchangeprogram;applyto;ahostfamily;member;begoodat;workas;sparebedroom;available;walkingdistance;convenient;guest;application;lookforwardto第三步：连词成句1.IamgladtolearnthatsomestudentsfromCanadawillcometoourschoolonanexchangeprogram.2.MyfamilywanttoapplytobeahostfamilyforaCanadianstudent.3.Therearethreemembersinmyfamily,myparentsandme.4.AllofusaregoodatcommunicatinginEnglish,sincemyfatherandmotherbothworkasteachersinuniversities.5.AndnowwehaveasparebedroomavailablewithabathroomandfreeInternetaccess.6.Besides,myhouseisonlyfive-minutewalkingdistanceaway.7.Itwillbeveryconvenientforhimtogettoandfromschooleveryday.8.Ibelievemyguestwillenjoyhisstayhere.9.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucanconsidermyapplication. 10.Iamlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）表并列补充关系：Besides连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。【点睛】[高分句型1]IamgladtolearnthatsomestudentsfromCanadawillcometoourschoolonanexchangeprogram.(运用了that引导宾语从句)[高分句型2]AllofusaregoodatcommunicatinginEnglish,sincemyfatherandmotherbothworkasteachersinuniversities.(运用了since引导原因状语从句)