2022版高考英语 3-2-1精品系列 专题21 阅读理解 社会生活、文化教育类

3年高考2年模拟1年原创专题21阅读理解——社会生活、文化教育类（教师版）【考点定位】2022考纲解读和近几年考点分布社会文化包括经济、政治、文化、科学等各种题材，是高考英语阅读理解的热点题材。它以中西文化差异作为选材的重点，比如礼仪、语言、价值观、生活习惯等为主题。题材涉及社会、文化、教育、体育等方面的内容。一般一篇文章一个主题，以议论文和记叙文为主。命题方面，既重主旨把握，又重特定细节、推理判断。从近年的高考题看，阅读内容的社会实用性越来越强，更重视语言和文化的关系，阅读材料会更多地涉及社会化背景知识。因此，要通过阅读更多地涉及社会文化背景知识，更多地了解并丰富自己的知识。【考点pk】名师考点透析考点一、细节事实理解。一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用下列方式来提问C.betweenNewYorkandSanFranciscoD.bothAandB【解析】由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是D项。2.间接事实题130\n解答此类题，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。InvitedbyMr.YeHuixian，hostofthewell-receivedTVprogramme“StarsTonight”，MissLuoLin，MissAsiaof1991，appearedastheguesthostessontheShanghaiTVscreenlastSunday.BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongkongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold，LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess.Beforeshetookpartinthecompetition，shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlineforsevenyears.However，itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestage，dancing,singing,making-upandotherpropermanners，designedbytheAsiaTVStation.“It’sreallyahardjobforme.Iwon’tenterforsuchcompetitionanymore.Anyhow，Iamquitelucky.IamalsogladtohavehadmorechancetoworkforthesocialwelfaresinceIwonthetitle.Thistime，inShanghai，I’dlovetomakeadeepimpressiononmyTVaudience，”saidLuoLinwithasweetsmile.Q：WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.B.LuoLinmovedtoHongkongwithherparents.C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.【解析】A、C和D项都可在原文找到答案，而B项原文所给的是：takentoHongkong可判断不是movedtoHongkongwithherparents，因此选B。3、数据推算。IfyouregisterboththeVIEWqualificationcourseandtheForumatthesametime,youwillsave_______.A.$100　B.$300　C.$350　D.$400这类题目要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做此类题时：1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息，那些属于干扰信息。3.不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。考点二、主题理解或写作意图推断。考点三、推理推断。130\n推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。此类题的设问常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：1.WecaninferfromthePassagethat__________.2.WhatcanbeinferredfromthePassage?3.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthePassage?4.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that__________.5.Theauthorsuggestsinthisparagraphthat__________.6.Thewriterimpliesthat__________.7.Itcanbeinferredthat__________.8.ItcanbeconcludedfromthePassagethat__________.9.Onthewhole,wecanconcludethat__________.10.Fromthetextwecanconcludethat__________.11.AfterreadingthePassagewemayconcludethat__________.12.WhatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthePassage?13.Theauthorisinclinedtothinkthat__________.14.Whenthewritertalksabout,whathereallymeansisthat__________.15.What’sthewriter’sattitude/feelingtowards...?16.Inthewriter’sopinion,...近年来，高考加大了对学生判断推理能力的考查。判断推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。做题时要注意题干的语言形，如Accordingtothepassage...,Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat...；Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat...等，虽然从表面上看是问有关全文的题，但实际上不用看全篇，仍然只需要根据选项中的线索找到原文中与之相关的一句话或几句话，然后得出答案。针对推理题的不同形，可以采取以下做法：1.假如题干中有具体线索，根据具体线索找到原文相关句(一句或几句话)，然后做出推理；2.假如题干中无线索，如Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat...；Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat...等，先浏览一下4个选项，排除不太可能的选项，然后根据最可能的选项中的关键词找到原文相关句，作出推理；3.如果一篇文章中其他题都未涉及文章主旨，那么推理题，如infer,conclude题型，可能与文章主旨有关，考生应该定位到文章主题所在位置(如主题句出现处)；假如其他题已经涉及文章主旨，那么要求推断出来的内容可能与段落主题有关，如果如此，应该找段落主题所在处；如果不与段落主题有关，有时与全文或段落的重要结论有关，这时可以寻找与这些结论相关的原文叙述。130\n1.定义法。如:Annealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowly.句子给予annealing以明确的定义，即“退火”。Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是“脆”的意思。Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep，earnsabout650yuanayear.定语从句中looksaftersheep就表明了herdsman的词义为“牧人”。2.同位法。如:Theytraveledalongwayandatlastgottoacastle,alargebuildinginoldtimes.同位语部分alargebuildinginoldtimes给出了castle的确切词义，即“城堡”。Weareonthenightshift—frommidnightto8a.m.—thisweek.两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明nightshift是“夜班”的意思。3.对比法。如:Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.but一词表转折，因此but前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。4.构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)。如:Perhaps,wecanseesomepossibilitiesfornextfiftyyears.Butthenexthundred?possibility是possible的同根名词,据此可以判断定possibility意思是“可能性”。5.因果法。如：Thelackofmovementcausedthemusclestoweaken.Sometimestheweaknesswaspermanent.Sotheplayercouldneverplaythesportagain.从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测permanent的意思为“永远的，永久”。130\n【三年高考】10、11、12高考试题及其解析2022高考英语试题文化教育类[2022·江苏卷]DFranzKafkawrotethat“a_book_must_be_the_ax_(斧子)_for_the_frozen_sea_inside_us.”Ioncesharedthissentencewithaclassofseventhgraders,anditdidn'tseemtorequireanyexplanation.We'djustfinishedJohnSteinbeck'snovelOfMiceandMen.Whenwereadtheendtogetheroutloudinclass,mytoughestboy,astarbasketballplayer,weptalittle,andsodidI.“Areyoucrying？”onegirlasked,asshegotoutofherchairtotakeacloserlook.“Iam，”Itoldher,“andthefunnythingisI'vereaditmanytimes.”Buttheyunderstood.WhenGeorgeshootsLennie,thetragedyisthatwerealizeitwasalwaysgoingtohappen.Inmy14yearsofteachinginaNewYorkCitypublicmiddleschool,I'vetaughtkidswithimprisonedparents,abusiveparents,irresponsibleparents;kidswhoareparentsthemselves;kidswhoarehomeless;kidswhogrewupinviolentneighborhoods.Theyunderstand,morethanIeverwill,thenovel'sterriblelogic—thegivingwayofdreamstofate(命运)．Forthelastsevenyears,Ihaveworkedasareadingenrichmentteacher,readingclassicworksofliteraturewithsmallgroupsofstudentsfromgradessixtoeight.Ioriginallyproposedthisideatomyheadmasterafterlearningthataformerexcellentstudentofminehadtransferredoutofaselectivehighschool—onethatoftenattractstheliterarymindedchildrenofManhattan'supperclasses—intoalesscompetitivesetting.Thedaughterofimmigrants,withafatherinprison,sheperhapsfeltuncomfortablewithhernewclassmates.Ithoughtadditional“culturalcapital”couldhelpstudentslikeherdevelopbetterinhighschool,wheretheywouldunavoidablymeet,perhapsforthefirsttime,studentswhocamefromhomeslinedwithbookshelves,whoseparentshadearnedPh.D．'s.AlongwithOfMiceandMen,mygroupsread:Sounder,TheRedPony,LordoftheFlies,RomeoandJulietandMacbeth.Thestudentsdidn'talwaysreadfromtheexpectedpointofview.AboutTheRedPony,onestudentsaid,“it'saboutbeingaman,it'saboutmanliness.”IhadneverbeforeseentheparallelsbetweenScarfaceandMacbeth,norhadIheardLadyMacbeth'ssoliloquies(独白)readasraps(说唱),butbothmadesense;theinterpretationswereplayful,butserious.OnceintroducedtoSteinbeck'swriting,oneboywentontoreadTheGrapesofWrathandtoldmerepeatedlyhowamazingitwasthat“allthesepeoplehateeachother,andthey'reallwhite.”Hishistoricalviewwasbroadening,hissenseofhisowncountrydeepening.Yearafteryear,formerstudentsvisitedandtoldmehowpreparedtheyhadfeltintheirfirstyearincollegeasaresultoftheclasses.Yearafteryear,however,weareincreasingthenumberofpracticetests.Wearetryingtoteachstudentstoreadincreasinglycomplextexts,notforemotionalpunch(碰撞)butfortextcomplexity.Yet,wecannotenrich(充实)themindsofourstudentsbytestingthemontextsthatignoretheirhearts.Weareteachingthemthatwordsdonotamazebutconfuse.Wemaysucceedinraisingtestscores,butwewillfailtoteachthemthatreadingcanbetransformativeandthatitbelongstothem.66.TheunderlinedwordsinParagraph1probablymeanthatabookhelpsto________.A.realizeourdreams130\nB.givesupporttoourlifeC.smoothawaydifficultiesD.awakeouremotions67.WhywerethestudentsabletounderstandthenovelOfMiceandMen?A.Becausetheyspentmuchtimereadingit.B.Becausetheyhadreadthenovelbefore.C.Becausetheycamefromapublicschool.D.Becausetheyhadsimilarlifeexperiences.68.Thegirllefttheselectivehighschoolpossiblybecause________.A.shewasaliterarymindedgirlB.herparentswereimmigrantsC.shecouldn'tfitinwithherclassD.herfatherwastheninprison69.Totheauthor'ssurprise,thestudentsreadthenovels________.A.creativelyB.passivelyC.repeatedlyD.carelessly70.Theauthorwritesthepassagemainlyto________.A.introduceclassicworksofliteratureB.advocateteachingliteraturetotouchtheheartC.argueforequalityamonghighschoolstudentsD.defendthecurrenttestingsystem[2022·湖北卷]CItwasasimpleletteraskingforaplacetostudyatScotland'soldestuniversitywhichhelpedstartarevolutioninhighereducation.A140yearoldletterwrittenbyaladycallingforhertobeallowedtostudymedicineatStAndrewsUniversityhasbeendiscoveredbyresearchers.WrittenbySophiaJexBlakein1873,thesevenpagedocument,whichurgedtheuniversitytoallowwomentostudymedicineattheinstitution,wasreleasedyesterdayonInternationalWomen'sDay.Thedocumentwasdiscoveredburiedintheuniversityarchives(档案)byparttimehistorystudentLisSmith,whoiscompletingherPhDatStAndrewsInstituteofScottishHistoricalResearch.Shesaid:“WeknewthatSophiaJexBlakeandhersupporters,intheirefforttoopenupuniversitymedicaleducationforwomen,hadwrittentotheSenatesAcademicus(校评议委员会)atStAndrewsinanattempttogainpermissiontoattendclassesthere,butwedidn'tknowdocumentaryevidenceexisted.Whilesearchingthearchivesforinformationabouttheuniversity'shigher130\ncertificateforwomen,IwasastonishedtocomeacrosswhatmustbetheveryletterJexBlakewrote.”Intheletter,SophiaandhersupportersofferedtohireteachersorbuildsuitablebuildingsforamedicalschoolandtoarrangeforlecturestobedeliveredinthesubjectsnotalreadycoveredatStAndrews.Althoughherletterwasnotsuccessful,iteventuallyledtotheestablishmentoftheLadiesLiterateinArtsatStAndrews,adistancelearningdegreeforwomen.Thequalification,whichranfrom1877untilthe1930s,gavewomenaccesstouniversityeducationinthedaysbeforetheywereadmittedasstudents.ItwassopopularthatitsurvivedlongafterwomenwereadmittedasfullstudentstoStAndrewsin1892.MsJexBlakewentontohelpestablishtheLondonSchoolofMedicineforWomenin1874.ShewasacceptedbytheUniversityofBerne,whereshewasawardedamedicaldegreeinJanuary1877.Eventually,shemovedbacktoEdinburghandopenedherownpractice.59．SophiawrotealettertoStAndrewsUniversitybecauseshewanted________.A．tocarryoutaresearchprojectthereB．tosetupamedicalinstitutethereC．tostudymedicinethereD．todeliverlecturesthere60．LisSmithfoundSophia'slettertoStAndrewsUniversity________.A．bypurechanceB．intheschoolofficeC．withhersupporters'helpD．whilereadinghistorybooks61．Sophia'sletterresultedintheestablishmentof________.A．theLondonSchoolofMedicineforWomenB．adegreeprogrammeforwomenC．asystemofmedicaleducationD．theUniversityofBerne62.WhendidStAndrewsUniversitybegintotakefulltimewomenstudents?A.In1873.B.In1874.C.In1877.D.In1892.[2022·福建卷]EHolidaysarereallyimportant.Manyofuswillhavechildhoodmemoriesofsummerholidayswhereweweretakenawayfromhometoexperiencenewenvironmentsandlearnindifferentways.Butholidaysareexpensiveand，forthoseonlowwagesorlivingonbenefits,theyareoftenunobtainable.Eventhecheapestholidaysrequiretravelandotheradditionalcoststhataredifficultformanyfamiliestomeet.130\nForworkingparents，thelongsummerbreakcanbeaverydifficultproblemforchildcare.Whenanannualleaveallowanceamountstoonlyfiveweeks，thereisaneedtospreadthisacrosstheyear.Couplescanfindthemselvestakingleaveinturninordertocareforchildrenwhoareonholiday.Forsome，thismakesevenanaffordablefamilyholidaydifficult.TheschoolsthatIvisitinNottinghamarefullofexperiencedstaffcommittedtogivingourchildrenacaringandinspiringlearningenvironment.ThenumberofchildrenreceivingfreeschoolmealsisquitelargeinNottinghamandmanyschoolshavebreakfastclubstomakesurethatchildrengetahealthystarttotheday.Mostschoolsundertakeprogramsofgrouporindividualeducationalsupport.Schoolsalsohaveanimportantroleinsafeguardingchildren'swelfarethroughtheongoingtouchandsupportwiththeirpupils.Duringthelongsummerholidays，muchofthisismissed.WhileteachersareholidayingintheUK，manyoftheirpupilsspendthewholesixweeksonthestreetwheretheylive.Thelackoffreeschoolmealsforsixweekscanresultinpressureonafamilybudgetandaninabilitytoaffordtheinspiringexperiencesthathelpchildrentocontinuetheirlearning.Insettingoutitsplansforafivetermyear，NottinghamCityCouncil(委员会)isseekingtoreducethesummerholidaydowntofourandahalfweeks,withamorebalancedfivetermsofroughlyeightweeks,eachfollowedbyatwoweekbreak.Webelievethiswillgivereal“downtime”forschoolstaffandpupilsalikebutwillbeshortenoughnottocausearealbreakinlearning.Weacknowledgethatthischangemaybedifficultforsomeschoolstaff，particularlywhoseownchildrenareeducatedinotherauthorities.However,thismustbeweighedagainstthebenefitsforcitychildrenforwhomweallhavethegreatestdutyofcare.71．Thepassageisprobablywrittenby________.A.anexperiencedteacherB．aworkingparentC．aninspiredstudentD．acitycouncilmember72．Theunderlinedword“they”inthesecondparagraphrefersto“________”．A．environmentsB．holidaysC．wagesD．benefits73．Itissuggestedinthepassagethatthesummerbreakbereducedto________.A．2weeksB．4.5weeksC．5weeksD．6weeks74．Theplansforashortersummerholidaywillhelpstudents________.A．obtainthecheapestholidayswithoutadditionalcostsB．getachancetospendsixweeksatermwithteachersinschoolC．benefitmorefromthecaringandinspiringlearningenvironmentD．havemoreschooldaystoreceivefreeschoolmeals75．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A．workingparentscanenjoyafiveweekbreaktocarefortheirchildrenB．thesuggestedplansforafivetermschoolyearcanhardlybecarriedoutC．thelongsummerholidaygivesteachersandstudentsreal“downtime”D．someschoolstaffwillsay“No”totheplansforashortersummerholiday130\n[2022·浙江卷]CTwofriendshaveanargumentthatbreaksuptheirfriendshipforever,eventhoughneitheronecanrememberhowthewholethinggotstarted.Suchsadeventshappenoverandoverinhighschoolsacrossthecountry.Infact,accordingtoanofficialreportonyouthviolence,“Inourcountrytoday,thegreatestthreattothelivesofchildrenandadolescentsisnotdiseaseorstarvationorabandonment,buttheterriblerealityofviolence”.Giventhatthisisthecase,whyaren'tstudentstaughttomanageconflictthewaytheyaretaughttosolvemathproblems,drivecars,orstayphysicallyfit?Firstofall,studentsneedtorealizethatconflictisunavoidable.Areportonviolenceamongmiddleschoolandhighschoolstudentsindicatesthatmostviolentincidentsbetweenstudentsbeginwitharelativelyminorinsult(侮辱).Forexample,afightcouldstartoverthefactthatonestudenteatsapeanutbuttersandwicheachlunchtime.Laughteroverthesandwichcanleadtoinsults,whichinturncanleadtoviolence.Theproblemisn'tinthesandwich,butinthewaystudentsdealwiththeconflict.Oncestudentsrecognizethatconflictisunavoidable,theycanpracticethegoldenruleofconflictresolution(解决)：staycalm.Oncethestudentfeelscalmer,heorsheshouldchoosewordsthatwillcalmtheotherpersondownaswell.Rudewords,namecalling,andaccusationsonlyaddfueltotheemotionalfire.Ontheotherhand,softwordsspokenatanormalsoundlevelcanputoutthefirebeforeitexplodesoutofcontrol.Afterbothsideshavecalmeddown,theycanuseanotherkeystrategy(策略)forconflictresolution:listening.Listeningallowsthetwosidestounderstandeachother.Onepersonshoulddescribehisorherside,andtheotherpersonshouldlistenwithoutinterrupting.Afterward,thelistenercanasknonthreateningquestionstoclarifythespeaker'sposition.Thenthetwopeopleshouldchangeroles.Finally,studentsneedtoconsiderwhattheyarebearing.Thisdoesn'tmeantryingtofigureoutwhat'swrongwiththeotherperson.Itmeansunderstandingwhattherealissueisandwhatbothsidesaretryingtoaccomplish.Forexample,ashoutingmatchoverapeanutbuttersandwichmighthappenbecauseonepersonthinkstheotherpersonisunwillingtotrynewthings.Studentsneedtoaskthemselvesquestionssuchasthese：Howdidthisstart?WhatdoIreallywant?WhatamIafraidof?Astheissuebecomesclearer,theconflictoftensimplybecomessmaller.Evenifitdoesn't,carefulthoughthelpsbothsidesfigureoutamutualsolution.Therewillalwaysbeconflictinschools,butthatdoesn'tmeanthereneedsto130\nbeviolence.AfterstudentsinAtlantastartedaconflictresolutionprogram,accordingtoEducatorsforSocialResponsibility,“64percentoftheteachersreportedlessphysicalviolenceintheclassroom;75percentoftheteachersreportedanincreaseinstudentcooperation;and92percentofthestudentsfeltbetteraboutthemselves”.Learningtoresolveconflictscanhelpstudentsdealwithfriends,teachers,parents,bosses,andcoworkers.Inthatway,conflictresolutionisabasiclifeskillthatshouldbetaughtinschoolsacrossthecountry.50.Thisarticleismainlyabout________.A.thelivesofschoolchildrenB.thecauseofargumentsinschoolsC.howtoanalyzeyouthviolenceD.howtodealwithschoolconflicts51.FromParagraph2wecanlearnthat________.A.violenceismorelikelytooccuratlunchtimeB.asmallconflictcanleadtoviolenceC.studentstendtolosetheirtempereasilyD.theeatinghabitofastudentisoftenthecauseofafight52.WhydostudentsneedtoaskthemselvesthequestionsstatedinParagraph5?A.Tofindoutwhoistoblame.B.Togetreadytotrynewthings.C.Tomakeclearwhattherealissueis.D.Tofigureouthowtostoptheshoutingmatch.53.AftertheconflictresolutionprogramwasstartedinAtlanta,itwasfoundthat________.A.therewasadecreaseinclassroomviolenceB.therewaslessstudentcooperationintheclassroomC.moreteachersfeltbetteraboutthemselvesinschoolsD.theteacherstudentrelationshipgreatlyimproved54.Thewriter'spurposeforwritingthisarticleisto________.A.complainaboutproblemsinschooleducationB.teachstudentsdifferentstrategiesforschoollifeC.advocateteachingconflictmanagementinschoolsD.informteachersofthelateststudiesonschoolviolence130\n阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。[2022·天津卷]ABicycleSafetyOperation　Alwaysrideyourbikeinasafe,controlledmanneroncampus(校园).Obeyrulesandregulations.Watchoutforwalkersandotherbicyclists,andalwaysuseyourlightsindarkconditions.TheftPrevention　Alwayssecurelylockyourbicycletoabicyclerack—evenifyouareonlyawayforaminute.RegisteryourbikewiththeUniversityDepartmentofPublicSafety.It'sfast,easy,andfree.Registrationpermanentlyrecordsyourserialnumber,whichisusefulinthepossiblerecoveryofthebikestolen.EquipmentBrakes　Makesurethattheyareingoodworkingorderandadjustedproperly.Helmet　Anecessity,makesureyourhelmetmeetscurrentsafetystandardsandfitsproperly.Lights　Alwayshaveafrontheadlight—visibleatleast500feetinfrontofthebike.Ataillightisagoodidea.RulesoftheRoadRidingonCampus　Asabicyclerider,youhavearesponsibilitytorideonlyonstreetsandpostedbicyclepaths.Ridingonsidewalksorotherwalkwayscanleadtoafine.Thespeedlimitforbicyclesoncampusis15mph,unlessotherwiseposted.Alwaysgivetherightofwaytowalkers.Ifyouareinvolvedinanaccident,youarerequiredtoofferappropriateaid,calltheDepartmentofPublicSafetyandremainatthesceneuntiltheofficerletsyougo.BicycleParking　Onlyparkinareasreservedforbikes.Trees,handrails,hallways,andsignpostsarenotforbicycleparking,andparkinginsuchspotscanresultinafine.IfThingsGoWrongIfyoubreaktherules,youwillbefined.Besidesviolatingruleswhileridingbicyclesoncampus,youcouldbefinedfor：Nobicycleregistration$25Bicycleparkingbanned$30Blockingpathwithbicycle$40130\nViolationofbicycleequipmentrequirement$3536．Registrationofyourbicyclemayhelpyou________.A．findyourstolenbicycleB．getyourserialnumberC．receivefreerepairservicesD．settleconflictswithwalkers37．Accordingtothepassage,whatbikeequipmentisafreechoiceforbicycleriders?A．Brakes.B．Ahelmet.C．Aheadlight.D．Ataillight.38．Whenyourideabicycleonthecampus,________.A．rideonpostedbicyclepathsandsidewalksB．cycleataspeedofover15mphC．putthewalkers'rightofwayfirstD．callthepolicebeforeleavingincaseofaccident39．Ifyoulockyourbicycletoatreeonthecampus,youcouldbefined________.A．$25B．$30C．$35D．$4040．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Aguideforsafebicyclingoncampus.B．Directionsforbicycletouroncampus.C．Regulationsofbicycleraceoncampus.D．Rulesforridingmotorvehiclesoncampus.[2022·天津卷]B“Ican'ttellyouhowpleasedIamtobehere.Ihaven'tseenmanyofyousinceyourgraduation,butIhavefollowedyourcareersandenjoyedyourvictoriesaswellascryingforyourtragedies.Ihavealargecollectionofnewspaperphotographsofmystudents.AlthoughIhaven'tappearedinperson,Ihaveattendedyourcollegegraduations,weddingsandeventhebirthsofyourchildren,inmyimagination.”Ms.Yatespausedandstartedcryingabit.Thenshecontinued：“ItwasmybeliefthatifIpushedyouashardasIcould,someofyouwouldsucceedtopleasemeandotherswouldsucceedtoannoyme.Regardlessofourmotives,Icanseethatyouhaveallbeensuccessfulinyourchosenpath.”“Thereisnogreatercomfortforaneducatorthantoseetheendresultofhisorheryearsofwork.YouhaveallbeenagreatsourceofpleasureandprideformeandIwantyoutoknowIloveyouallfromthebottomofmyheart.”Therewasasilenceoverthecrowdforafewsecondsandthensomeonestartedclapping.Theclappingturnedintocheering,thenintoadeafeningroar(呼喊).Lawyers,truckdrivers,bankersandmodelswererubbingtheireyesorcryingopenlywithnoshameallbecauseofthewordsfromalongforgottenEnglishteacherfromtheirhometown.130\n41．Whatactivitywasorganizedfortheschoolreunion?A．Sightseeinginthepark.B．Apicnicontheschoolplayground.C．Tellingstoriesaboutpastevents.D．Graduates'reportsintheoldbuilding.42.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?A.SomegraduatesweretoobusytolistentoMs.Yates'speech.B.ManygraduatesdislikedMs.Yates'waysofteaching.C.Somepeoplegottiredfromthereunionactivities.D.Mostpeoplehadlittleinterestinthereunion.43.WecanlearnfromMs.Yates'speechthatshe________.A.kepttrackofherstudents'progressB.gaveherstudentsadviceontheircareersC.attendedherstudents'collegegraduationsD.wenttoherstudents'weddingceremonies44.WhatwasMs.Yates'beliefinteachingteenagers?A.Teachers'knowledgeisthekeytostudents'achievements.B.Pressureonstudentsfromteachersshouldbereduced.C.Hardpushedstudentsaremorelikelytosucceed.D.Students'respectisthebestrewardforteachers.45.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeMs.Yates?A.Reliableanddevoted.B.Toughandgenerous.C.Proudbutpatient.D.Strictbutcaring.[2022·山东卷]BOneofthegreatestcontributorstothefirstOxfordEnglishDictionarywasalsooneofitsmostunusual.In1879,OxfordUniversityinEnglandaskedProf.JamesMurraytoserveaseditorforwhatwastobethemostambitiousdictionaryinthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.ItwouldincludeeveryEnglishwordpossibleandwouldgivenotonlythedefinitionbutalsothehistoryofthewordandquotations(引文)showinghowitwasused.Thiswasahugetask,soMurrayhadtofindvolunteersfromBritain,theUnitedStates,andtheBritishcoloniestosearcheverynewspaper,magazine,andbookeverwritteninEnglish.Hundredsofvolunteersresponded,includingWilliamChesterMinor.Dr.MinorwasanAmericansurgeonwhohadservedintheCivilWar130\nandwasnowlivinginEngland.Hegavehisaddressas“Broadmoor,Crowthorne,Berkshire，”50milesfromOxford.MinorjoinedthearmyofvolunteerssendingwordsandquotationstoMurray.Overthenext17years,hebecameoneofthestaff'smostvaluedcontributors.Buthewasalsoamystery.Inspiteofmanyinvitations,hewouldalwaysdeclinetovisitOxford.Soin1897,MurrayfinallydecidedtotraveltoCrowthornehimself.Whenhearrived,hefoundMinorlockedinabooklinedcellattheBroadmoorAsylum(精神病院)fortheCriminallyInsane.MurrayandMinorbecamefriends,sharingtheirloveofwords.Minorcontinuedcontributingtothedictionary,sendinginmorethan10,000submissionsin20years.MurraycontinuedtovisitMinorregularly,sometimestakingwalkswithhimaroundtheasylumgrounds.In1910,MinorleftBroadmoorforanasyluminhisnativeAmerica.Murraywasattheporttowavegoodbyetohisremarkablefriend.Minordiedin1920,sevenyearsbeforethefirsteditionoftheOxfordEnglishDictionarywascompleted.The12volumesdefined414,825words,andthousandsofthemwerecontributionsfromaveryscholarlyanddevotedasylumpatient.61.Accordingtothetext,thefirstOxfordEnglishDictionary________.A.cameoutbeforeMinordiedB.waseditedbyanAmericanvolunteerC.includedtheEnglishwordsinventedbyMurrayD.wasintendedtobethemostambitiousEnglishdictionary62.HowdidDr.Minorcontributetothedictionary?A.HehelpedMurraytofindhundredsofvolunteers.B.Hesentnewspapers,magazinesandbookstoMurray.C.Heprovidedagreatnumberofwordsandquotations.D.HewenttoEnglandtoworkwithMurray.63.WhydidDr.MinorrefusetovisitOxford?A.Hewasshutinanasylum.B.HelivedfarfromOxford.C.Hewasbusywritingabook.D.Hedislikedtraveling.64.Prof.MurrayandDr.Minorbecamefriendsmainlybecause________.A.theybothservedintheCivilWarB.theyhadacommoninterestinwordsC.MinorrecoveredwiththehelpofMurrayD.MurraywenttoAmericaregularlytovisitMinor65.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesDr.Minor?A.Braveanddetermined.B.Cautiousandfriendly.C.Considerateandoptimistic.D.Unusualandscholarly.66.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.B.ThefriendshipbetweenMurrayandMinor.C.MinorandthefirstOxfordEnglishDictionary.D.BroadmoorAsylumanditspatients.【解题指导130\n】这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了第一本牛津字典的编写过程，以及Minor对字典的编写工作所作出的巨大贡献。64.B　细节理解题。从第二段Minor自愿加入编字典这个活动可知，他对此很感兴趣，与Murray有着共同的兴趣，再从文章倒数第三段的“MurrayandMinorbecamefriends,sharingtheirloveofwords.Minorcontinuedcontributingtothedictionary,sendinginmorethan10,000submissionsin20years.”可找到答案。故选B。65.D　推理判断题。根据文章中Minor在患精神病住院期间还坚持字典的编写工作看出他的不寻常；从文章倒数第三段的“Minorcontinuedcontributingtothedictionary,sendinginmorethan10,000submissionsin20years.”看出他的学者风范。故选D。66.C　主旨大意题。文章一开始主要介绍由来自英国、美国和英国殖民地的志愿者参加牛津字典的编写工作，后半部分主要写编者Minor对字典的编写工作所作出的巨大贡献。故选C。[2022·全国卷Ⅱ]CFacialexpressionscarrymeaningthatisdeterminedbysituationsandrelationships.Forexample,inAmericanculture(文化)thesmileisingeneralanexpressionofpleasure.Yetitalsohasotheruses.Awoman'ssmileatapoliceofficerdoesnotcarrythesamemeaningasthesmileshegivestoayoungchild.Asmilemayshowloveorpoliteness.Itcanalsohidetruefeelings.Itoftencausesconfusion(困惑)acrosscultures.Forexample,manypeopleinRussiaconsidersmilingatstrangersinpublictobeunusualandevenimproper.YetmanyAmericanssmilefreelyatstrangersinpublicplaces(althoughthisislesscommoninbigcities).SomeRussiansbelievethatAmericanssmileinthewrongplaces;someAmericansbelievethatRussiansdon'tsmileenough.InSoutheastAsiancultures,asmileisfrequentlyusedtocoverpainfulfeelings.Vietnamesepeoplemaytellasadstorybutendthestorywithasmile.Ourfacesshowemotions(情感),butweshouldnotattemptto“read”peoplefromanothercultureaswewould“read”someonefromourownculture.Thefactthatmembersofoneculturedonotexpresstheiremotionsasopenlyasdomembersofanotherdoesnotmeanthattheydonotexperienceemotions.Rather,thereareculturaldifferencesintheamountoffacialexpressivenesspermitted.Forexample,inpublicandinformalsituationsmanyJapanesedonotshowtheiremotionsasfreelyasAmericansdo.Whenwithfriends,JapaneseandAmericansseemtoshowtheiremotionssimilarly.ItisdifficulttogeneralizeaboutAmericansandfacialexpressivenessbecauseofpersonalandculturaldifferencesintheUnitedStates.PeoplefromcertainculturalbackgroundsintheUnitedStatesseemtobemorefaciallyexpressivethan130\nothers.Thekeyistotrynottojudgepeoplewhosewaysofshowingemotionaredifferent.Ifwejudgeaccordingtoourownculturalhabits,wemaymakethemistakeof“reading”theotherpersonincorrectly.49．WhatdoesthesmileusuallymeanintheU．S.?A．Love.B．Politeness.C．Joy.D．Thankfulness.50．TheauthormentionsthesmileoftheVietnamesetoprovethatasmilecan________.A．showfriendlinesstostrangersB．beusedtohidetruefeelingsC．beusedinthewrongplacesD．showpersonalhabits51．Whatshouldwedobeforeattemptingto“read”people?A．Learnabouttheirrelationswithothers.B．Understandtheirculturalbackgrounds.C．Findoutabouttheirpastexperience.D．Figureoutwhattheywilldonext.52．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．CulturalDifferencesB．SmilesandRelationshipsC．FacialExpressivenessD．HabitsandEmotions【解题指导】本文主要介绍了不同的文化背景下，不同国家的人们在运用面部表情的时候也有着很大的差异，因此，我们在判断他人面部表情的含义的时候，不要以自己的文化背景为根据，这样会做出错误的判断。49.C　细节理解题。根据第一段的“Forexample,inAmericanculture(文化)thesmileisingeneralanexpressionofpleasure.”可知在美国，微笑一般表示的是“高兴”的意思。A项表示“爱”；B项“有礼貌”，是一些特殊情况下的含义；D项表示“感谢”，没有这个信息。[2022·辽宁卷]CIfConfucius(孔子)werestillalivetodayandcouldcelebratehisSeptember28birthdaywithabigcake,therewouldbealotofcandles.He'dneedafanorastrongwindtohelphimputthemout.WhilemanypeopleinChinawillrememberConfuciusonhisspecialday,fewpeopleintheUnitedStateswillgivehimapassingthought.It'snothingpersonal.MostAmericansdon'tevenrememberthebirthdaysoftheirownnationalheroes.Butthisdoesn'tmeanthatAmericansdon'tcareaboutConfucius.Inmanywayshehasbecomeabridgethatforeignersmustcrossiftheywanttoreachadeeper130\nunderstandingofChina.Inthepasttwodecades,theChinesestudiesprogramshavegainedhugepopularityinWesternuniversities.Morerecently,theChinesegovernmenthassetupConfuciusInstitutesinmorethan80countries.TheseschoolsteachbothChineselanguageandculture.ThemaincoursesofChinesecultureusuallyincludeChineseart,historyandphilosophy(哲学)．SomesocialscientistssuggestthatWesternersshouldtakeadvantageoftheancientChinesewisdomtomakeupforthedrawbacksofWesternphilosophy.StudentsintheUnitedStates,atthesametime,areracingtolearnChinese.SotheywillbereadyforlifeinaworldwhereChinaisanequalpowerwiththeUnitedStates.BusinessmenwhohopetomakemoneyinChinaarereadingbooksaboutConfuciustounderstandtheirChinesecustomers.Sotheoldthinker'sideasarestillaliveandwell.TodayChinaattractstheWestmorethanever,anditwillneedmoreteacherstointroduceConfuciusandChineseculturetotheWest.Asfortheoldthinker,hewillnotsoonbeforgottenbypeopleintheWest,evenifhisbirthdayis.64．Theopeningparagraphismainlyintendedto________.A．providesomekeyfactsaboutConfuciusB．attractthereaders'interestinthesubjectC．showgreatrespectfortheancientthinkerD．provethepopularityofmodernbirthdaycelebrations65．WecanlearnfromParagraph4thatAmericanstudents________.A．haveagreatinterestinstudyingChineseB．takeanactivepartinChinesecompetitionsC．trytogethighscoresinChineseexamsD．fightforachancetolearnChinese66．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．ForgottenWisdominAmericaB．HugeFansoftheChineseLanguageC．ChineseCultureforWesternersD．OldThinkerwithaBigFuture67．Thepassageislikelytoappearin________.A．abiographyB．ahistorypaperC．anewspaperD．aphilosophytextbook[2022·课标全国卷]DGrownupsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedeversince.Amanwhohasnothadachancetogoswimmingforyearscanstillswimaswellaseverwhenhegetsback130\ninthewater.Hecangetonabicycleaftermanyyearsandstillrideaway.Hecanplaycatchandhitaballaswellashisson.Amotherwhohasnotthoughtaboutthewordsforyearscanteachherdaughterthepoemthatbegins“Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar”orrememberthestoryofCinderellaorGoldilocksandtheThreeBears.Oneexplanationisthelawofoverlearning,whichcanbestatedasfollows:Oncewehavelearnedsomething,additionallearningtrialsincreasethelengthoftimewewillrememberit.Inchildhoodweusuallycontinuetopracticesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleriding,andplayingbaseballlongafterwehavelearnedthem.Wecontinuetolistentoandremindourselvesofwordssuchas“Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar”andchildhoodtalessuchasCinderellaandGoldilocks.Wenotonlylearnbutoverlearn.Themultiplicationtables(乘法口诀表)areanexceptiontothegeneralrulethatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood.Thelawofoverlearningexplainswhycramming(突击学习)foranexamination,thoughitmayresultinapassinggrade,isnotasatisfactorywaytolearnacollegecourse.Bycramming,astudentmaylearnthesubjectwellenoughtogetbyontheexamination,butheislikelysoontoforgetalmosteverythinghelearned.Alittleoverlearning,ontheotherhand,isreallynecessaryforone'sfuturedevelopment.67．WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?A．Peoplerememberwellwhattheylearnedinchildhood.B．Childrenhaveabettermemorythangrownups.C．Poemreadingisagoodwaytolearnwords.D．Storiesforchildrenareeasytoremember.68．Theauthorexplainsthelawofoverlearningby________.A．presentingresearchfindingsB．settingdowngeneralrulesC．makingacomparisonD．usingexamples69．Accordingtotheauthor,beingabletousemultiplicationtablesis________.A．aresultofoverlearningB．aspecialcaseofcrammingC．askilltodealwithmathproblemsD．abasicsteptowardsadvancedstudies70．Whatistheauthor'sopiniononcramming?A．Itleadstofailureincollegeexams.B．It'shelpfulonlyinalimitedway.C．It'spossibletoresultinpoormemory.D．Itincreasesstudents'learninginterest.130\n[2022·安徽卷]Bbluenecklacehopingtoprotectthemselvesagainstevils(灾祸)．People'schoiceofcolorsisalsoinfluencedbytheirbodies'reactions(反应)towardthem.Greenissaidtobethemostrestfulcolor.Ithastheabilitytoreducepainandrelaxpeoplebothmentallyandphysically.Peoplewhoworkingreenenvironmentshavebeenfoundtohavefewerstomachaches.Redcancauseaperson'sbloodpressuretoriseandincreasepeople'sappetites(食欲).Manydecoratorswillincludedifferentshadesofredintherestaurant.Similarly,manycommercialwebsiteswillhaveared“BuyNow”buttonbecauseredisacolorthateasilycatchesaperson'seye.Blueisanothercalmingcolor.Unlikered,bluecancausepeopletoloseappetite.Soifyouwanttoeatless,somesuggestthateatingfromblueplatescanhelp.Thenexttimeyouaredecidingonwhattowearorwhatcolortodecorateyourroom,thinkaboutthecolorcarefully.60.Muslimsregardgreenasasymbolofheavenmainlybecauseoftheir________.A.culturalvaluesB.commercialpurposesC.personalexperiencesD.physicalreactionstothecolor61.Whywillmanycommercialwebsiteshaveared“BuyNow”button?A.Torelaxpeoplephysically.B.Toincreasepeople'sappetites.C.Toencouragepeopletomakeapurchase.D.Tocauseaperson'sbloodpressuretorise.62.Whatcolormighthelploseweightaccordingtothetext?A.Red.B.Green.C.Blue.D.Purple.63.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostpropertitleforthetext?A.ColorsandHumanBeingsB.TheCulturalMeaningofColorC.ColorsandPersonalExperiencesD.TheMeaningandFunctionofColor【解题指导130\n】本文主要讲颜色在不同的国家中代表不同含义以及在日常生活中的不同功能。社会生活类[2022·安徽卷]DWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?A.Ahotknifeisusedtoironthenylon.B.Childrenneverflykitesontheirowninflyinglessons.C.Kitestringsmustnotbecutinkitefightingcompetitions.D.DaphnedesignskitesfortheBigWindKiteFactory.69.Whatisdifferentaboutthekiteusedforflyinglessons?A.Ithastwostrings.B.Itissimpleindesign.C.Ithasarainbowpattern.D.Itisshapedlikeadiamond.70.AccordingtoJonathan,whatdoyouneedtohavefunwithkites?A.Alargekite.B.Anytypeofkite.C.Acomplexstructure.D.Akitethatimpressesothers.71.Whatismainlydescribedinthetext?A.Akitefactory.B.Kiteflyinglessons.C.Specialcompetitions.D．Thekitemakingprocess.【解题指导】本文讲述风筝制作工厂(theBigWindKiteFactory)，介绍它的历史，它提供风筝制作和放风筝的课程。68.D　细节推断题。根据第二段中TheirdesignsareHawaiianthemescreatedbyDaphne.可推断是由Daphne设计的。69.A　细节推断题。根据第三段中Thedifferencebetweenthiskiteandtheonestheymakeduringthelessonsisthatitisatwostringcontrollablekite.可推断它们的区别是Ithastwostrings。70.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段，Jonathan坚持认为没有必要制作一个巨大的给人留下很深印象的风筝，言外之意是任何类型的风筝都可以。71.A　主旨大意题。文章从第一段风筝竞赛引出theBigWindKiteFactory，然后介绍它的历史，它提供风筝制作和放风筝课程。[2022·重庆卷]EInhis1930essay“EconomicPossibilitiesforOurGrandchildren”，JohnKeynes，afamouseconomist,wrotethathumanneedsfallintotwoclasses:absoluteneeds,whichareindependentofwhatothershave,andrelativeneeds,whichmakeusfeelsuperiortoourfellows.Hethoughtthatalthoughrelativeneedsmayindeedbeinsatiable(无止境的),thisisnottrueofabsoluteneeds.Keyneswassurelycorrectthatonlyasmallpartoftotalspendingisdecided130\nbythedesireforsuperiority.Hewasgreatlymistaken,however,inseeingthisdesireastheonlysourceofinsatiabledemands.Decisionstospendarealsodrivenbyideasofqualitywhichcaninfluencethedemandforalmostallgoods,includingevenbasicgoodslikefood.Whenacouplegoesoutforananniversarydinner,forexample,thethoughtoffeelingsuperiortoothersprobablynevercomestothem.Theirgoalistoshareaspecialmealthatstandsoutfromothermeals.Therearenoobviouslimitstotheescalationofdemandsforquality.Forexample,Porsche,afamouscarproducer,hasamodelwhichwasconsideredperhapsthebestsportscaronthemarket.Pricedatover$120,000,ithandlesperfectlywellandhasgreatspeedacceleration.Butin2022,theproducerintroducedsomechangeswhichmadethemodelslightlybetterinhandlingandacceleration.Peoplewhoreallycareaboutcarsfindthesesmallimprovementsexciting.Togetthem,however,theymustpayalmostfourtimestheprice.Byplacingthedesiretobesuperiortoothersattheheartofhisdescriptionofinsatiabledemands,Keynesactuallyreducedsuchdemands.However,thedesireforhigherqualityhasnonaturallimits.72.Accordingtothepassage,JohnKeynesbelievedthat________.A.desireistherootofbothabsoluteandrelativeneedsB.absoluteneedscomefromoursenseofsuperiorityC.relativeneedsaloneleadtoinsatiabledemandsD.absoluteneedsarestrongerthanrelativeneeds73.WhatdoweknowaboutthecoupleinParagraph3?A.Theywanttoshowtheirsuperiority.B.Theyfindspecialtyimportanttomeals.C.Theirdemandsforfoodarenoteasilysatisfied.D.Theirchoiceofdinnerisrelatedtoideasofquality.74.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“escalation”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Understanding.B.Increase.C.Difference.D.Study.75.Theauthorofthepassagearguesthat________.A.absoluteneedshavenolimitsB.demandsforqualityarenotinsatiableC．humandesiresinfluenceideasofqualityD.relativeneedsdecidemostofourspending[2022·天津卷]130\nDYouaregivenmanyopportunitiesinlifetochoosetobeavictimoracreator.Whenyouchoosetobeavictim,theworldisacoldanddifficultplace.“They”didthingstoyouwhichcausedallofyourpainandsuffering.“They”arewrongandbad,andlifeisterribleaslongas“they”arearound.Oryoumayblameyourselfforallyourproblems,thusinternalizing(内化)yourvictimization.Thetruthis,yourlifeislikelytostaythatwayaslongasyoufeelaneedtoblameyourselforothers.Thosewhochoosetobecreatorslookatlifequitedifferently.Theyknowthereareindividualswhomightliketocontroltheirlives,buttheydon'tletthisgetintheway.Theyknowtheyhavetheirweaknesses,yettheydon'tblamethemselveswhentheyfail.Whateverhappens,theyhavechoiceinthematter.Theybelievetheirdancewitheachsacred(神圣的)momentoflifeisagiftandthatstormsareanaturalpartoflifewhichcanbringtherainneededforemotionalandspiritualgrowth.Victimsandcreatorsliveinthesamephysicalworldanddealwithmanyofthesamephysicalrealities,yettheirexperienceoflifeisworldsapart.Victimsrelish(沉溺)inanger,guilt,andotheremotionsthatcauseothers—andeventhemselves—tofeellikevictims,too.Creatorsconsciouslychooselove,inspiration,andotherqualitieswhichinspirenotonlythemselves,butallaroundthem.Bothvictimsandcreatorsalwayshavechoicetodeterminethedirectionoftheirlives.Inreality,allofusplaythevictimorthecreatoratvariouspointsinourlives.Oneperson,onlosingajoboraspecialrelationship,mayfeelasifitistheendoftheworldandsinkintoterriblesufferingformonths,years,orevenalifetime.Anotherwiththesameexperiencemaychoosetofirstexperiencethegrief,thenacceptthelossandsoonmoveontobeapowerfulcreativeforceinhislife.Ineverymomentandeverycircumstance,youcanchoosetohaveafuller,richerlifebysettingaclearintentiontotransformthevictimwithin,andbyinvitingintoyourlifethepowerfulcreatorthatyouare.51.Whatdoestheword“They”inParagraph1probablyreferto?A.Peopleandthingsaroundyou.B.Opportunitiesandproblems.C.Creatorsandtheirchoices.D.Victimsandtheirsufferings.52.AccordingtoParagraph2,creators________.A.seemwillingtoexperiencefailuresinlifeB.possesstheabilitytopredictfuturelifeC.handleupsanddownsoflifewiselyD.havepotentialtocreatesomethingnew53.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?A.Creatorsandvictimsfacequitedifferentthingsinlife.B.Creatorsandvictimsaremastersoftheirlives.C.Victimscaninfluencemorepeoplethancreators.D.Comparedwithvictims,creatorsaremoreemotional.54.TheexamplesmentionedinParagraph4showthat________.A.strongattachmenttosufferingsinlifepullspeopleintovictimsB.peopleneedfamilysupporttodealwithchallengesinlifeC.ittakescreatorsquitealongtimetogetridoftheirpainsD.one'sexperiencesdeterminehisattitudetowardlife130\n55.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Todefinevictimsandcreators.B.Toevaluatevictimsagainstcreators.C.Toexplaintherelationshipbetweenvictimsandcreators.D.Tosuggestthetransformationfromvictimstocreators.【解题指导】“avictim”和“acreator”拥有不同的生活方式。“avictim”生活在一个寒冷、痛苦的世界中；而“acreator”生活在一个积极向上、能够掌握自己生活命运的世界中。作者建议应从“avictim”转变成“acreator”。[2022·四川卷]AOnahill600feetabovethesurroundingland,wewatchthelinesofrainmoveacrossthescene,themoonriseoverthehills,andthestarsappearinthesky.Theviewsinvitealonglookfromacomfortablechairinfrontofthewoodenhouse.Everywindowinourwoodenhousehasaview,andtheforestandlakesseldomlookthesameasthehourbefore.Eachlookremindsuswhereweare.Thereisspaceforourthreeboystoplayoutside,toshootarrows,collecttreeseeds,buildearthhousesandclimbtrees.Ourkidshavelearnedthenamesofthetrees,andwiththenameshavecomefamiliarityandappreciation.Astheytellallwhoshowevenapassinginterest,maple(枫树)makesthebestfightingsticksandwhitepinesarethebestclimbingtrees.Theairiscleanandfresh.Thewaterfromthewellhasapleasanttaste,anditisperhapsthehealthiestwaterourkidswilleverdrink.Thoughtheyhaveoneglassadayofjuiceandtherestiswater,theyneversayanythingagainstthat.The_seasons_change_just_outside_the_door.Wewatchthemaplesturneveryshadeofyellowandredinthefallandnotethepoplars’(杨树)puttingoutthefirstgreenleavesofspring.Therainbowsmeltfillsthelocalstreamastheicegraduallydisappears,andthewoodfrogsstarttosinginpoolsafterbeingfrozenforthewinter.Afamilyofbirdsrulesourskiesandfliesoverthelake.41.WhatcanbelearnedfromParagraph2?A．Thescenesarecolorfulandchangeable.B．Therearemanywindowsinthewoodenhouse.C．Theviewsremindusthatweareinawoodenhouse.D．Thelakesoutsidethewindowsarequitedifferentincolor.42.Bymentioningthenamesofthetrees,theauthoraimstoshowthat________.A．thekidslikeplayingintreesB．thekidsareveryfamiliarwithtreesC．thekidshavelearnedmuchknowledgeD．thekidsfindtreesusefullearningtools43.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmean?A．Thechangeofseasonsiseasilyfelt.B．Theseasonsmakethesceneschange.C．Theweatheroftenchangesintheforest.D．Thedoorisagoodpositiontoenjoychangingseasons.44.Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthetext?130\nA．Todescribethebeautyofthescenearoundthehouse.B．Tointroduceherchildren’shappylifeintheforest.C．Toshowthatlivingintheforestishealthful.D．Tosharethejoyoflivinginthenature.[2022·上海卷](C)ResearchersinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles(UCLA)havediscoveredamajordifferenceinthewaymenandwomenrespondtostress.Thisdifferencemayexplainwhymenaremorelikelytosufferfromstressrelateddisorders.Untilnow,psychologicalresearchhasmaintainedthatbothmenandwomenhavethesame“fightorflight”reactiontostress.Inotherwords,individualseitherreactwithaggressivebehavior,suchasverbalorphysicalconflict(“fight”),ortheyreactbywithdrawingfromthestressfulsituation(“flight”).However,theUCLAresearchteamfoundthatmenandwomenhavequitedifferentbiologicalandbehavioralresponsestostress.Whilemenoftenreacttostressinthefightorflightresponse,womenoftenhaveanotherkindofreactionwhichcouldbecalled“tendandbefriend.”Thatis,theyoftenreacttostressfulconditionsbyprotectingandnurturingtheiryoung(“tend”),andbylookingforsocialcontactandsupportfromothers—especiallyotherfemales(“befriend”)．Scientistshavelongknownthatinthefightorflightreactiontostress,animportantroleisplayedbycertainhormones(激素)releasedbythebody.TheUCLAresearchteamsuggeststhatthefemaletendorbefriendresponseisalsobasedonahormone.Thishormone,calledoxytocin,hasbeenstudiedinthecontextofchildbirth,butnowitisbeingstudiedforitsroleintheresponseofbothmenandwomentostress.Theprincipalinvestigator,Dr.ShelleyE.Taylor,explainedthat“animalsandpeoplewithhighlevelsofoxytocinarecalmer,morerelaxed,moresocial,andlessanxious.”Whilemenalsosecrete(分泌)oxytocin,itseffectsarereducedbymalehormones.Intermsofeverydaybehavior,theUCLAstudyfoundthatwomenarefarmorelikelythanmentoseeksocialcontactwhentheyarefeelingstressed.Theymayphonerelativesorfriends,oraskdirectionsiftheyarelost.Thestudyalsoshowedhowfathersandmothersrespondeddifferentlywhentheycamehometotheirfamilyafterastressfuldayatwork.Thetypicalfatherwantedtobeleftalonetoenjoysomepeaceandquiet.Foratypicalmother,copingwithabaddayatworkmeantfocusingherattentiononherchildrenandtheirneeds.Thedifferencesinrespondingtostressmayexplainthefactthatwomenhavelowerfrequencyofstressrelateddisorderssuchashighbloodpressureoraggressivebehavior.Thetendandbefriendregulatory(调节的)systemmayprotectwomenagainststress,andthismayexplainwhywomenonaveragelivelongerthan130\nmen.72.TheUCLAstudyshowsthatinresponsetostress,menaremorelikelythanwomento________.A.turntofriendsforhelpB.solveaconflictcalmlyC.findanescapefromrealityD.seekcomfortfromchildren73.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutoxytocinaccordingtothepassage?A.Menhavethesamelevelofoxytocinaswomendo.B.Oxytocinusedtobestudiedinbothmenandwomen.C.Bothanimalsandpeoplehavehighlevelsofoxytocin.D.Oxytocinhasmoreofaneffectonwomenthanonmen.74.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A.Malehormoneshelpbuildupthebody'sresistancetostress.B.Inafamilyamothercaresmoreaboutchildrenthanafatherdoes.C.Biologicaldifferencesleadtodifferentbehavioralresponsestostress.D.TheUCLAstudywasdesignedtoconfirmpreviousresearchfindings.75.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.HowmenandwomengetoverstressB.HowmenandwomensufferfromstressC.HowresearchersovercomestressproblemsD.Howresearchershandlestressrelateddisorders【解题指导】本文主要介绍男女对压力反应的区别和原因以及如何克服压力。72.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中Whilemenoftenreacttostressinthefightorflightresponse…和…theyreactbywithdrawingfromthestressfulsituation(“flight”)．可判断男人更可能从现实中逃脱出来。73.D　细节理解题。根据第三段中…animportantroleisplayedbycertainhormones(激素)releasedbythebody.和Whilemenalsosecrete(分泌)oxytocin,itseffectsarereducedbymalehormones.可判断，激素扮演重要角色，但是男人也分泌oxytocin，但是影响打折扣。74.C　推理推断题。根据第五段中Thestudyalsoshowedhowfathersandmothersrespondeddifferentlywhentheycamehometotheirfamilyafterastressfuldayatwork.推出在面对压力时，生理上的不同会导致行为的差异。所以选C。75.A　主旨大意题。本文首先介绍男女对压力反应的区别和原因，然后谈男女如何克服压力。[2022·山东卷]CSanFranciscohasitscablecars.SeattlehasitsSpaceNeedle.And,Longviewhasitssquirrelbridge.Thebridge,whichhasattractedinternationalattention,isnowalocallandmark.TheNuttyNarrowsBridgewasbuiltin1963byalocalbuilder,AmosPeters,togivesquirrelsawaytocrossthebusyroadwithoutgettingflattenedbypassingcars.TheoriginalbridgewasbuiltoverOlympiaWayonthewestedgeofthelibrarygrounds.Beforethebridgewasbuilt,squirrelshadtoavoidtraffictoandfromtheParkPlazaofficebuildingwhereofficestaffputoutanuttyfeastforthesquirrels.Manytimes,PetersandotherswhoworkedinandnearParkPlazawitnessedsquirrelsbeingrunover.OnedayPetersfoundadeadsquirrelwithanutstillinitsmouth,andthatday'scoffeebreakdiscussionturnedintosquirrelsafety.Thegroupofbusinessmen130\ncookedupthesquirrelbridgeideaandformedacommitteetoasktheblessingoftheCityCouncil(市政会).TheCouncilapproved,andCouncilwomanBessLaRivierejokinglynamedthebridge“NuttyNarrows.”Afterarchitectsdesignedthebridge,AmosPetersandBillHutchstartedconstruction.Theybuiltthe60footbridgefromaluminumandlengthsoffirehose(消防水带).Itcost$1,000.Itdidn'ttakelongbeforereportsofsquirrelsusingthebridgestarted.Squirrelswereevenseenguidingtheiryoungandteaching_them_the_ropes.Thestorywaspickedupbythemedia,andNuttyNarrowsbecameknowninnewspapersallovertheworld.In1983,after20yearsofuse,Peterstookdownthewornoutbridge.Repairsweremadeandcrosspieceswerereplaced.ThefadedsignwasrepaintedandinJuly1983,hundredsofanimalloversattendedthecompletionceremonyofthenewbridge.Petersdiedin1984,andatenfootwoodensquirrelsculpturewasplacednearthebridgeinmemoryofitsbuilderandhisdevotiontotheproject.67.TheNuttyNarrowsBridgewasbuiltinorderto________.A.offersquirrelsaplacetoeatnutsB.setupalocallandmarkC.helpimprovetrafficD.protectsquirrels68.Whathappenedoverthecoffeebreakdiscussion?A.ThecommitteegottheCouncil'sblessing.B.Thesquirrelbridgeideawasborn.C.Acouncilwomannamedthebridge.D.Asquirrelwasfounddead.69.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“teachingthemtheropes”probablymeaninthetext?A.Passingthemarope.B.Directingthemtostorefoodforwinter.C.Teachingthemalesson.D.Showingthemhowtousethebridge.70.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthesquirrelbridge?A.Itwasreplacedbyalongerone.B.Itwasbuiltfromwoodandmetal.C.Itwasrebuiltafteryearsofuse.D.ItwasdesignedbyBillHutch.71.WhatcanwelearnaboutAmosPeters?A.Heisrememberedforhisloveofanimals.B.Hedonated$1,000tobuildthebridge.C.HewasamemberoftheCityCouncil.D.Hewasawardedamedalforbuildingthebridge.【解题指导】文章主要讲述了AmosPeters观察到松鼠在觅食时遇到交通带来的危险，他还看到一只死了的松鼠嘴里还含着食物，他设想要为松鼠们设计一个能保证它们安全的桥。后来通过努力这个桥终于设计成功，并为世界所知，引起国际的关注，成为当地的一道风景。130\n第一节　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。[2022·全国卷Ⅱ]AColdweathercanbehardonpets,justlikeitcanbehardonpeople.Sometimesownersforgetthattheirpetsarejustasusedtothewarmshelter(住所)astheyare.Someownerswillleavetheiranimalsoutsideforalongperiodoftime,thinkingthatallanimalsareusedtolivingoutdoors.Thiscanputtheirpetsindangerofseriousillness.Therearethingsyoucandotokeepyouranimalwarmandsafe.Keepyourpetsinsideasmuchasyoucanwhentheweatherisbad.Ifyouhavetotakethemout,stayoutsidewiththem.Whenyou'recoldenoughtogoinside,theyprobablyaretoo.Ifyoumustleavethemoutsideforalongtime,makesuretheyhaveawarm,solidshelteragainstthewind,thickbedding,andplentyofnonfrozenwater.Ifleftaloneoutside,dogsandcatscanbeverysmartintheirsearchforwarmshelter.Theycandigintosnowbanksorhidesomewhere.Watchthemcloselywhentheyareleftoutdoors,andprovidethemwithshelterofgoodquality.Keepaneyeonyourpet'swater.Sometimesownersdon'trealizethatawaterbowlhasfrozenandtheirpetcan'tgetanythingtodrink.Animalsthatdon'thavecleanandunfrozenwatermaydrinkdirtywateroutside,whichmaycontainsomethingunhealthyforthem.41．WhatdowelearnaboutpetsfromParagraph1?A．Theyareoftenforgottenbytheirowners.B．Theyareusedtolivingoutdoors.C．Theybuildtheirownshelters.D．Theyliketostayinwarmplaces.42．Whyarepetownersaskedtostaywiththeirpetswhentheyareoutincoldweather?A．Toknowwhentobringtheminside.B．Tokeepthemfromeatingbadfood.C．Tohelpthemfindshelters.D．Tokeepthemcompany.43．Ifpetsareleftontheirownoutdoorsincoldweather,theymay________.A．runshortofcleanwaterB．digdeepholesforfunC．dirtythesnownearbyD．getlostinthewild44．Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A．Tosolveaproblem.130\nB．Togivepracticaladvice.C．Totellaninterestingstory.D．Topresentaresearchresult.【解题指导】本文主要介绍在天气寒冷的时候，怎样使你的宠物又暖和又安全。宠物也喜欢待在温暖的室内。如果需要让它们待在户外的时候，一定要多留心，给它们提供良好的住所、饮用水等。[2022·全国卷Ⅱ]EMakeUpYourMindtoSucceedKindheartedparentshaveunknowinglylefttheirchildrendefenselessagainstfailure.Thegenerationbornbetween1980and2022grewupplayingsportswherescoresandperformancewereplayeddownbecause“everyone'sawinner.”Andtheirreportcardssoundedmorepositive(正面的)thaneverbefore.Asaresult,StanfordUniversityprofessorCarolDweck,PhD,callsthem“theoverpraisedgeneration.”Dweckhasbeenstudyinghowpeopledealwithfailurefor40years.Herresearchhasledhertofindouttwoclearlydifferentmindsetsthathaveagreateffectonhowwereacttoit.Here'showtheywork：Afixedmindsetisgroundedinthebeliefthattalent(才能)isgenetic—you'reabornartist,pointguard,ornumbersperson.Thefixedmindsetbelievesit'ssuretosucceedwithoutmucheffortandregardsfailureaspersonalshame.Whenthingsgetdifficult,it'squicktoblame,lie,andevenstayawayfromfuturedifficulties.Ontheotherhand,agrowthmindsetbelievesthatnotalentisentirelyheavensentandthateffortandlearningmakeeverythingpossible.Becausetheego(自尊)isn'tonthelineasmuch,thegrowthmindsetseesfailureasachanceratherthanshame.Whenfacedwithadifficulty,it'squicktorethink,changeandtryagain.Infact,itenjoysthisexperience.Weareallbornwithgrowthmindsets.(Otherwise,wewouldn'tbeabletoliveintheworld.)Butparents,teachers,andinstructorsoftenpushusintofixedmindsetsbyencouragingcertainactionsandmisdirectingpraise.Dweck'sbook,Mindset:TheNewPsychologyofSuccess,andonlineinstructionalprogramexplainthisindepth.Butshesaystherearemanylittlethingsyoucanstartdoingtodaytomakesurethatyourchildren,grandchildrenandevenyouareneverdefeatedbyfailure.57．Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutthepresentgeneration?A．Theydon'tdowellatschool.130\nB．Theyareoftenmisunderstood.C．Theyareeagertowininsports.D．Theyaregiventoomuchpraise.58．Afixedmindsetpersonisprobablyonewho________.A．doesn'twanttoworkhardB．caresalotaboutpersonalsafetyC．cannotsharehisideaswithothersD．cansucceedwiththehelpofteachers59．Whatdoesthegrowthmindsetbelieve?A．Admittingfailureisshameful.B．Talentcomeswithone'sbirth.C．Scoresshouldbehighlyvalued.D．Gettingoverdifficultiesisenjoyable.60．WhatshouldparentsdofortheirchildrenbasedonDweck'sstudy?A．Encouragethemtolearnfromfailures.B．Preventthemfrommakingmistakes.C．Guidethemindoinglittlethings.D．Helpthemgrowwithpraise.60.A　推理判断题。Dweck教授研究了两种对待失败的心态以及采取的不同行动，告诉了父母们应该鼓励孩子们从失败中学习，获取经验和教训，而不是去责备他人或者逃避困难等，所以选A。B“阻止他们犯错误”；C“指导他们做小事”；D“用表扬来帮助他们成长”；均与事实不符。[2022·辽宁卷]DInsidethepleasinglyfragrantcafe,SoAllMayEat(SAME)indowntownDenver,thespiritofgenerosity(慷慨)isinstantlynoticeable:Adonationboxstandsinplaceofacashregister.Customersherepayonlywhattheycanafford,noquestionsasked.Ariskybusinessplan,perhaps,butSAMECafehasdoneoneunchangeablethingintheMileHighCityforsixyears:Openonlyatmidday,therestaurantprovidespoorlocalpeoplewithhealthy,deliciouslunchessixdaysaweek.Thoseunabletopayfortheirmealscaninsteadvolunteeraswaitersandwaitresses,anddishwashers,orlookafterthebuildingsandequipmentforthecafe.“It'sbasedontrust,andit'sworkingallright，”sayscoownerBradBirky,whostartedthecafein2022withhiswifeLibby.Previouslyvolunteeringatsoupkitchens,theBirkysweredissatisfiedwiththeoftenunhealthymealstheyservedthere.“Wewantedtoofferqualityfoodinarestaurantwhereeveryonefelt130\ncomfortable,regardlessoftheircircumstances，”Birkysays.SAME'sspeciallunchmenuchangesdailyandmostfoodmaterialsarenaturalandgrownbylocalfarmers.Thecafenowaverages65to70customers(andeightvolunteers)aday.Andthespiritofgenerositybehindtheprojectappearstobespreading.Inearly2022,onevolunteerwhohadclearedsnowforhismealsduringthelongwintersaidgoodbyetotheBirkys.“HesaidhewasgoingtoNewOrleanstohelpwiththehurricanecleanup，”saysBirky.68.WhatcanwelearnaboutthesoupkitchenstheBirkyspreviouslyworkedfor?A.Theyrefusedtohavevolunteers.B.Theyofferedlowqualityfood.C.Theyprovidedcustomerswithagoodenvironment.D.Theycloseddownbecauseofpoormanagement.69.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Thecustomerswhocannotpaycanworkasvolunteersinstead.B.MorevolunteerswillgotoNewOrleansforthehurricanecleanup.C.Manynewcafeswillbeopenedtoofferfreelunchesinthetown.D.Thelunchmenuhasremainedthesamesincethecafewasstarted.70.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsrunningsuchacafeis________.A.unfavorableB.approvingC.doubtfulD.cautious[2022·江西卷]CBigBrothersBigSistersisbasedonthesimplicityandpoweroffriendship.Itisaprogramwhichprovidesfriendshipandfunbymatchingvulnerable_young_people(ages7－17)withavolunteeradultwhocanbebotharolemodelandasupportivefriend.Volunteertutorscomefromallwalksoflife—married,single，withorwithoutchildren.BigBrothersandBigSistersarenotreplacementparentsorsocialworkers.Theyaretutors:someonetotrust,tohavefunwith,totalkandgotowhenneeded.ABigSisterandLittleSisterwillgenerallyspendbetweenoneandfourhourstogetherthreeorfourtimeseachmonthforatleasttwelvemonths.Theyenjoysimpleactivitiessuchasapicnicatapark，cooking，playingsportorgoingtoafootballmatch.Theseactivitiesimprovethefriendshipandhelptheyoungpersondeveloppositiveselfrespect，confidenceandlifedirection.BigBrothersBigSistersorganizationsexistthroughouttheworld.Itisthelargestandmostwellknownprovideroftutorservicesinternationallyandhasbeenoperatingfor25years.EmilyandSarahhavebeenmatchedsinceMarch2022.Emilyisa10yearoldgirlwhohasexperiencedsomedifficultiesbeingacceptedbyherschoolmatesat130\nschool.‘Iwasprettysuretherewassomethingwrongwithme.’Emily'smumcameacrossBigBrothersBigSistersandthoughtitwouldbeofbenefittoEmilyby‘providingdifferentfeedback(反馈)aboutherselfotherthanjustrelyingonschoolmatestomeasureherselfworth.’Sarahwantedtogetinvolvedinavolunteerprogram.‘Igoogleditandfoundouthowtobeapartofit.Ithoughtitwouldbefunformetogetinvolvedinmakingtimetodosomethingbecausesometimesit'sallworkandnoplay.’BigBrothersBigSistershasbeenofgreatbenefitandenjoymenttobothEmilyandSarah.TheyloveandlookforwardtotheirtimetogetherandthepartnershiphascertainlyhelpedEmilybemorecomfortableinbeingthewonderful,happyanduniquegirlsheis!66.WhatistheaimofBigBrothersBigSisters?A.Toofferstudentspublicservices.B.Tohelpstudentsimprovetheirgrades.C.Toorganizesportactivitiesforyoungpeople.D.Toprovidepartnershipandfunforyoungpeople.67.Avolunteerisusuallyexpectedtoworkwithinayearforatleast________.A．24hoursB.36hoursC.48hoursD.72hours68.AccordingtoEmily'smother,thisprogrammayprovideEmilywith________.A.advicefromherteachersB.anewwaytoassessherselfC.anewwaytojudgeherschoolmatesD.morecommentsfromherschoolmates69.WhydidSarahwanttogetinvolvedintheprogram?A.Sheusedtobeavolunteer.B.Sheneededaparttimejob.C.Shefeltabitboredwithherlife.D.Shewantedtogetachallengingjob.70.Accordingtothepassage,‘vulnerableyoungpeople’areprobablythosewhoare________.A.popularatschoolB．ratherweakphysicallyC．easilyhurtemotionallyD.confidentinthemselves130\n[2022·江西卷]DForthosewhomakejourneysacrosstheworld,thespeedoftraveltodayhasturnedthecountriesintoaseriesofvillages.Distancesbetweenthemappearnogreatertoamoderntravelerthanthosewhichoncefacedmenastheywalkedfromvillagetovillage.Jetplanesflypeoplefromoneendoftheearthtotheother,allowingthemafreedomofmovementundreamtofahundredyearsago.Yetsomepeoplewonderiftherevolutionintravelhasgonetoofar.Apricehasbeenpaid,theysay,fortheconquest(征服)oftimeanddistance.Travel_is_something_to_be_enjoyed,_not_endured(忍受).Theboatoffersleisureandtimeenoughtoappreciatetheeverchangingsightsandsoundsofajourney.Ajourneybytrainalsohasaspecialcharmaboutit.Lakesandforestsandwild,openplainssweepingpastyourcarriagewindowcreateagrandviewinwhichtimeanddistancemeannothing.Onboardaplane,however,thereisjusttheblankblueoftheskyfillingthenarrowwindowsoftheairplane.Thesoftlighting,inflightfilmsandgentlemusicmakeuptheonlyworldyouknow,andthehoursprogressslowly.Thenthereisthetimespentbeing‘processed’atamodernairport.Peopleareconveyedlikerobotsalongwalkways;baggageisweighed,ticketsproduced,examinedandproducedyetagainbeforethepassengersmovetoanotherwaitingarea.Journeysbyrailandseatakelonger,yes,butthehoursdevotedtobeing‘processed’atdepartureandarrivalinairportsareluckilyabsent.Nowonder,then,thatthemodernhighspeedtrainsarewinningbackpassengersfromtheairlines.Man,however,isnowaworldtravelerandcannotturnhisbackontheairplane.Theworkinglivesoftoomanypeopledependuponit;wholenewindustrieshavebeenbuiltarounditsdesignandoperation.Theholidaymaker,too,withlimitedtimetospend,patientlyenduresthebusyairportsandthelimitedspaceoftheflighttogainthoseextrahoursandevendays,relaxinginthesun.Speedcontrolspeople'slives;timesaved,inworkorplay,istheimportantthing—orsowearetold.Perhapsthosefirsthorsemen,ridingfreeacrossthewild,openplains,wereenjoyingabetterworldthantheoneweknowtoday.Theycouldtravelatwill,andtheclockwasnottheirmaster.130\n71.WhatdoesthewritertrytoexpressinParagraph1?A.Travelbyplanehasspeededupthegrowthofvillages.B.Thespeedofmoderntravelhasmadedistancesrelativelyshort.C.Thefreedomofmovementhashelpedpeoplerealizetheirdreams.D.Manhasbeenfondoftravelingratherthanstayinginoneplace.72.HowdoesthewritersupporttheunderlinedstatementinParagraph2?A.Bygivinginstructions.B.Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.C.Byfollowingtheorderoftime.D.Bygivingexamples.73.AccordingtoParagraph3,passengersareturningbacktomodernhighspeedtrainsbecause________.A.theypaylessfortheticketsB.theyfeelsaferduringthetravelC.theycanenjoyhigherspeedoftravelD.theydon'thavetowastetimebeing‘processed’74.Whatdoesthelastsentenceofthepassagemean?A.Theycouldenjoyfreeandrelaxingtravel.B.Theyneededtheclocktotellthetime.C.Theypreferredtravelingonhorseback.D.Theycouldtravelwiththeirmaster.75.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Airtravelbenefitspeopleandindustries.B.Traintravelhassomeadvantagesoverairtravel.C.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmoderntravel.D.Thehighspeedofairtravelisgainedatacost.请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。[2022·江苏卷]BDeputyAgricultureSecretaryKathleenMerriganseesanepidemic(流行病)sweepingacrossAmerica'sfarmland.Ithaslittletodowiththeusualchallenges,suchasflood,risingfuelpricesandcropeatinginsects.Thecountry'sfarmersaregettingolder,andtherearefewerpeoplestandinginlinetotaketheirplace.Nationalagriculturalcensus(普查)figuresshowthatthefastestgrowinggroupoffarmersisthepartover65.Merriganisafraidtheaverageagewillbeevenhigherwhenthe2022statisticsarecompleted.130\nMerrigan,aformercollegeprofessor,ismakingstopsatuniversitiesacrossthecountryinhopesofencouragingmorestudentstothinkaboutcareersinagriculture.AsidefromtryingtostopthegrayingofAmerica'sfarmers,herworkismadetougherbyarecentblogpostingthatputagricultureatNo.1onalistof“useless”collegedegrees.Topfederalagricultureofficialsaretalkingabouttheposting,andithastheattentionofagriculturalorganizationsacrossthecountry.“Therecouldn'tbeanythingthat'smoreincorrect，”Merrigansaid.“Weknowthattherearen'tenoughqualifiedgraduatestofillthejobsthatareoutthereinAmericanagriculture.”Inaddition,agrowingworldpopulationthatsomeexpertspredictwillrequire70%morefoodproductionby2050,shesaid.“Itrulybelievewe'reatagoldenageofagriculture.Globaldemandisatanalltimerecordhigh,andglobalsuppliesareatalltimerecordlows，”saidMattRush,directoroftheTexasFarmBureau.“Productioncostsaregoingtobevaluableenoughthatyoungerpeoplearegoingtohavetheopportunitytobeinvolvedinagriculture.”TheDepartmentofAgriculturehasprogramsaimedatdevelopingmorefarmersandatincreasinginterestinlocallygrownfood.TheNationalYoungFarmers'Coalitionhasalsobeenpushingforstateandfederalpolicychangestomakeiteasierfornewfarmers.RyanBest,presidentofFutureFarmersofAmerica,hasbeenlivingoutofasuitcase,travelingthecountryandvisitingwithhighschoolstudentsaboutcareersinagriculture.The21yearoldBesthopeshismessage—thatthisisanewtimeinagriculture—willmotivatethenextgenerationto_turn_around_the_statistics.“Neverbeforehavewehadtheinnovations(创新)intechnologywhichhaveledtoagricultureinthiscountrybeingthemostefficientithaseverbeen，”hesaid.“There'sreallyaplaceforeverybodytofitin.”59.WhatisthenewchallengetoAmericanagriculture?A.Fewerandolderfarmers.B.Higherfuelprices.C.Morenaturaldisasters.D.Loweragriculturaloutput.60.WhyisMerriganvisitinguniversitiesacrossthecountry?A.Todrawfederalagricultureofficials'attention.B.Toselectqualifiedagriculturegraduates.C.Toclarifyarecentblogposting.D.Totalkmorestudentsintofarmingcareers.61.AccordingtoMattRush,Americanagriculturewillprovideopportunitiesforyoungerpeoplebecause________.A.thegovernmentwillcoverproductioncostsB.globalfoodsupplieswillbeevenlowerC.investmentinagriculturewillbeprofitableD.Americawillincreaseitsfoodexport62.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“toturnaroundthestatistics”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Toreanalyzetheresultofthenationalcensus.B.Toincreaseagriculturalproduction.C.Tobringdowntheaverageageoffarmers.D.Toinvestmoreinagriculture.【解题指导130\n】美国的农业目前正面临农民少，年龄大的问题。从而很多专家都鼓励专业大学生从事农业生产。59.A　信息理解题。根据第一段第三句“Thecountry'sfarmersaregettingolder,andtherearefewerpeoplestandinginlinetotaketheirplace.”可知选A。60.D　信息理解题。根据第二段第一句“Merrigan,aformercollegeprofessor,ismakingstopsatuniversitiesacrossthecountryinhopesofencouragingmorestudentstothinkaboutcareersinagriculture.”可知选D。61.C　推理判断题。根据第五段“Globaldemandisatanalltimerecordhigh,andglobalsuppliesareatalltimerecordlows”可推断MattRush认为，全球对农业的需要达到了最高，而供应则最低，故在农业上投资肯定会获利，即选C。62.C　语意推测题。根据最后一段第二句“…thisisanewtimeinagriculture—willmotivatethenextgeneration…”可推断此处表示的是“农业的新时期将会激励下一代来参与，即农民的平均年龄将会年轻化”，故C项正确。阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。[2022·湖北卷]AYou'vejustcomehome,afterlivingabroadforafewyears.Sinceyou'vebeenaway,hasthiscountrychangedforthebetter—orfortheworse?Ifyou'vejustarrivedbackintheUKafterafortnight'sholiday,smallchangeshaveprobablysurprisedyou—anythingfromalocalgreengrocersuddenlybeingreplacedbyamobilephoneshoptosomeoneinyourstreetmovinghouse.SohowhavethingschangedtopeoplecomingbacktoBritainafterseven,tenoreven15yearslivingabroad?Whatchangesinsocietycantheyseethattherestofushavehardlynoticed—ornowtakeforgranted?Tofindout,weaskedsomepeoplewhorecentlyreturned.Debi:Whenweleft,Cheltenham,myhometown,wasatownofwhite,middleclassfamilies—allveryconservative(保守的).ThetownisnowhometomanyeasternEuropeansandlotsofAustralians,whocomeheremainlytoworkinhotelsandtourism.Thereareevenseveralshopsonlyforforeigners.Havingbeenanimmigrant(移民)myself,Iadmirepeoplewhogooverseastofindajob.MaybeifIlivedinaninnercitywhereunemploymentwashigh,I'dthinkdifferently,butIbelieveforeignsettlershaveimprovedthiscountrybecausethey'remoreopenmindedandoftenworkharderthanthenatives.Christine:AsweflewhomeoverBritain,bothofusremarkedhowgreeneverythinglooked.Butthedifferencesbetweentheplacewe'dleftbehindandtheonewereturnedtowerebroughtsharplyintofocusassoonaswelanded.Toseepolicemenwithgunsintheairportforthefirsttimewasfrightening—inCyprus,they'reveryrelaxed—andIgotpulledoverbycustomsofficersjustfortakingawoolensweaterwithsomemetalmadebuttonsoutofmycaseinthearrivalshall.Everyoneseemedtobeonguard.Eventheairportcarhirefirmwantedacreditcardratherthancashbecausetheysaidtheirvehicleshadbeenusedbybankrobbers.Butanyway,thisisstillagreen,beautifulcountry.Ijustwishmorepeoplewouldappreciatewhatthey'vegot.51．Afterashortoverseasholiday,peopletendto________.A．noticesmallchangesB．expectsmallchangesC．welcomesmallchangesD．exaggeratesmallchanges52．HowdoesDebilookattheforeignsettlers?A．Cautiously.B．Positively.130\nC．Sceptically.D．Critically.53．WhenarrivingattheairportinBritain,Christinewasshockedby________.A．therelaxedpolicemenB．themessyarrivalshallC．thetightsecurityD．thebankrobbers54．Whichmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．LifeinBritain.B．BackinBritain.C．BritaininFuture.D．BritaininMemory.【解题指导】此篇涉及人们对家乡变化的关注，短期离家和长期离开家乡的人们对家乡变化的感悟是不一样的。[2022·湖北卷]BWhenmybrotherandIwereyoung,mymomwouldtakeusonTransportationDays.Itgoeslikethis:Youcan'ttakeanymeansoftransportationmorethanonce.Wewouldstartfromhome,walkingtwoblockstotherailstation.We'dtakethetrainintothecitycenter,thenabus,switchingtothetrain,thenmaybeataxi.Wealwaysconsideredtakingahorsecarriageinthehistoricdistrict,butwedidn'tlikethewaythehorsesweretreated,soweneverdid.Attheendoftheday,wetookthesubwaytoourcloseststation,whereMom'sfriendwaswaitingtogiveusaridehome—ourfirstcarrideoftheday.ThegoodthingaboutTransportationDaysisnotonlythatMomtaughtushowtogetaround.Shewasborntobemultimodal(多方式的).Sheunderstoodthatdependingoncarsonlywasafailureofimaginationand,aboveall,afailureofconfidence—theproductofachildhoodnotspentexploringsubwaytunnels.Onceyoulearntheroutemapandstepwithcertaintyoverthegapbetweenthetrainandtheplatform,nothingisfrighteninganymore.Newcitiesarejustlightraillinestobeexplored.Andyourpersonalcar,ifyouhaveone,becomesjustonemoretoolinthetoolbox—andoftenaninadequateone,limitingbothyourmobilityandyourwallet.OnTransportationDays,wemightstopforlunchonChestrutStreetorbuyanewbookortoy,butthetransportationwasthepoint.First,itwasexcitingenoughtowatchtheworldspeedbyfromthetrainwindow.AsIgotolder,mymomhelpedmeunlockthemysteriesthatwouldotherwisehaveparalyzedmyfirstattemptstodoitmyself:HowdoIknowwheretogetoff?HowdoIknowhowmuchitcosts?HowdoIknowwhenIneedtickets,andwheretogetthem?Whattrack,whatline,whichdirection,where'sthestop,andwillIgetwetwhenwegoundertheriver?I'mwritingthisrightnowonanairplane,ameanswedidn'ttryonourTransportationDaysand,wenowknow,thedirtiestandmostpollutingofthemall.130\nMyflightroutedmethroughPhiladelphia.Mymultimodalmommetmefordinnerintheairport.Shetookatraintomeetme.55．WhichwasforbiddenbyMomonTransportationDays?A．Havingacarride.B．Takingthetraintwice.C．Buyingmorethanonetoy.D．Touringthehistoricdistrict.56．Accordingtothewriter,whatwasthegreatestbenefitofherTransportationDays?A．Buildingconfidenceinherself.B．Reducingheruseofprivatecars.C．Developinghersenseofdirection.D．Givingherknowledgeaboutvehicles.57．Theunderlinedword“paralyzed”(inPara.5)isclosestinmeaningto“________”．A．displayedB．justifiedC．ignoredD．ruined58．Whichmeansoftransportationdoesthewriterprobablydisapproveof?A．Airplane.B．Subway.C．Train.D．Car.【解题指导】此篇讲述了作者乘车的经历，折射出西方父母注意让孩子从小就接触和了解社会，从而培养孩子认识问题和解决问题的能力。55．B　信息理解题。由第二段第一句Itgoeslikethis：Youcan'ttakeanymeansoftransportationmorethanonce.可知B项中twice不可以做，所以B项正确。56．A　推理判断题。由第三段中ThegoodthingaboutTransportationDaysisnotonly…Sheunderstoodthatdependingoncars…aboveall,afailureofconfidence…可知A为正确答案。57．D　词意猜测题。paralyze使不能正常工作，此处根据句意为“破坏，毁坏”。母亲帮“我”解开其中的奥秘，否则“我”当初的尝试会遭到破坏。由后面的几个问句即可得出其情景意义。其他选项不符合句意。58．A　信息理解题。最后一段的onanairplane,…wenowknow,thedirtiestandmostpollutingofthemall.可知A正确。[2022·湖北卷]DHowisitthatsiblings(兄弟姐妹)canturnoutsodifferently?Oneansweristhatinfacteachsiblinggrowsupin_a_different_family.Thefirstbornis,forawhile,anonlychild,andthereforehasacompletelydifferentexperienceoftheparentsthanthosebornlater.Thenextchildis,forawhile,theyoungest,untilthesituationischangedbyanewarrival.Themotherandfatherthemselvesarechangingandgrowinguptoo.Onesiblingmightliveinastableandclosefamilyinthefirstfewyears;anothermightberaisedinafamilycrisis,withadisappointedmotheroranangryfather.Siblingcompetitionwasidentifiedasanimportantshapingforceasearlyasin1918.Butmorerecently,researchershavefoundmanywaysinwhichbrothersandsistersarealastingforceineachothers'lives.Dr.AnnetteHendersonsaysfirstbornchildrenpickupvocabularymorequicklythantheirsiblings.Thereasonforthismightbethatthelaterchildrenaren'tgettingthesameoneononetimewithparents.Butthatdoesn'tmeanthattheyoungerchildrenhaveproblemswithlanguagedevelopment.Laterbornsdon'tenjoythatmuchtalkingtimewithparents,butinsteadtheyharvestlessonsfrombiggerbrothersandsisters,learningentirephrasesandgettinganunderstandingofsocialconceptssuchasthedifference130\nbetween“I”and“me”．ACambridgeUniversitystudyof140childrenfoundthatsiblingscreatedarichworldofplaythathelpedthemgrowsocially.Lovehaterelationshipswerecommonamongthechildren.Eventhosesiblingswhofoughtthemosthadjustasmuchpositivecommunicationastheothersiblingpairs.Onewaychildrenseekmoreattentionfromparentsisbymakingthemselvesdifferentfromtheirsiblings,particularlyiftheyarecloseinage.Researchershavefoundthatthefirsttwochildreninafamilyaretypicallymoredifferentfromeachotherthanthesecondandthird.Girlswithbrothersshowtheirdifferencestoamaximumdegreebybeingmorefemininethangirlswithsisters.A2022researchpaperstudiedadolescentsfrom185familiesovertwoyears,findingthatthosewhochangedtomakethemselvesdifferentfromtheirsiblingsweresuccessfulinincreasingtheamountofwarmththeygainedfromtheirparents.63．Theunderlinedpart“inadifferentfamily”(inPara.1)means“________”．A．inadifferentfamilyenvironmentB．inadifferentfamilytraditionC．indifferentfamilycrisesD．indifferentfamilies64．Intermsoflanguagedevelopment,laterborns________.A．gettheirparents'individualguidanceB．learnalotfromtheireldersiblingsC．experiencealotofdifficultiesD．pickupwordsmorequickly65．Whatwasfoundaboutfightsamongsiblings?A．Siblingshatedfightingandlovedplaying.B．Siblingsinsomefamiliesfoughtfrequently.C．Siblingfightsledtobadsiblingrelationships.D．Siblingslearnedtogetontogetherfromfights.66．Theword“feminine”(inPara.4)means“________”．A．havingqualitiesofparentsB．havingqualitiesofwomenC．havingdefensivequalitiesD．havingextraordinaryqualities阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。[2022·广东卷]A“Haveaniceday！”maybeapleasantgestureorameaninglessexpression.WhenmyfriendMaxiesays“Haveaniceday”withasmile,Iknowshesincerelycaresaboutwhathappenstome.Ifeellovedandsecuresinceanotherperson130\ncaresaboutmeandwishesmewell.“Haveaniceday.Next！”Thisversionoftheexpressionisspokenbyasalesgirlatthesupermarketwhoisrushingmeandmygroceriesoutthedoor.Thewordscomeoutinthesametone(腔调)withafixedprocedure.They_are_spoken_at_me,_not_to_me.Obviously,theconcernformydayandeveryoneelse'sisthemanagement'sattempttoincreasebusiness.Theexpressionisoneofthosebehaviorsthathelppeoplegetalongwitheachother.Sometimesitindicatestheendofameeting.Assoonasyouhearit,youknowthemeetingisatanend.Sometimestheexpressionsavesuswhenwedon'tknowwhattosay.“Oh,youjusthadatoothout?I'mterriblysorry,buthaveaniceday.”Theexpressioncanbepleasant.Ifastrangersays“Haveaniceday”toyou,youmayfinditheartwarmingbecausesomeoneyoudon'tknowhastriedtobenicetoyou.Althoughtheuseoftheexpressionisaninsincere,meaninglesssocialcustomattimes,thereisnothingwrongwiththesentenceexceptthatitisalittleuninteresting.Thesalesgirl,thewaitress,theteacher,andallthecountlessotherswhospeakitwithoutthinkingmaynotreallycareaboutmyday.Butinastrangeandcomfortableway,it'snicetoknowtheycareenoughtopretendtheycarewhentheyreallydon'tcareallthatmuch.Whiletheexpressionmaynotoftenbesincere,itisalwaysspoken.Thepointisthatpeoplesayitallthetimewhentheylike.26.HowdoestheauthorunderstandMaxie'swords?A．Maxieshowsheranxietytotheauthor.B．Maxiereallywishestheauthoragoodday.C．Maxieencouragestheauthortostayhappy.D．Maxiereallyworriesabouttheauthor'ssecurity.27.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph2mean?A．Thesalesgirlisrude.B．Thesalesgirlisbored.C．Thesalesgirlcaresaboutme.D．Thesalesgirlsaysthewordsasaroutine.28.Bysaying“Haveaniceday，”astrangermay________.A．trytobepolitetoyouB．expressrespecttoyouC．givehisblessingtoyouD．sharehispleasurewithyou29.Accordingtothelastparagraph,peoplesay“Haveaniceday”________.A．sincerelyB．asthanksC．asahabitD．encouragingly30.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．HaveaNiceDay—aSocialCustomB．HaveaNiceDay—aPleasantGestureC．HaveaNiceDay—aHeartwarmingGreetingD．HaveaNiceDay—aPoliteEndingofaConversation【解题指导】这是一篇描述人际关系的文章。主要介绍“Haveaniceday！”这一习语，它是人与人之间见面打招呼的用语。130\n[2022·广东卷]DSportsaccountforagrowingamountofincomemadeonthesalesofcommercialtimebytelevisioncompanies.Manytelevisioncompanieshaveusedsportstoattractviewersfromparticularsectionsofthegeneralpublic,andthentheyhavesoldaudiencestoadvertisers.AnattractionofsportprogramsforthemajorU.S.mediacompaniesisthateventsareoftenheldonSaturdayandSundayafternoons—theslowesttimeperiodsoftheweekforgeneraltelevisionviewing.Sporteventsarethemostpopularweekendprograms,especiallyamongmaleviewerswhomaynotwatchmuchtelevisionatothertimesduringtheweek.Thismeansthetelevisionnetworksareabletoselladvertisingtimeatrelativelyhighpricesduringwhatnormallywouldbedeadtimeforprogramming.Mediacorporationsalsousesportstoattractcommercialsponsorsthatmighttaketheiradvertisingdollarselsewhereiftelevisionstationsdidnotreportcertainsports.Thepeopleintheadvertisingdepartmentsofmajorcorporationsrealizethatsportsattractmaleviewers.Theyalsorealizethatmostbusinesstravelersaremenandthatmanymenmakefamilydecisionsonthepurchasesofcomputers,carsandlifeinsurance.Golfandtennisarespecialcasesfortelevisionprogramming.Thesesportsattractfewviewers,andtheratings(收视率)areunusuallylow.However,theaudienceforthesesportsisattractivetocertainadvertisers.ItismadeupofpeoplefromthehighestincomegroupsintheUnitedStates,includingmanylawyersandbusinessmanagers.Thisiswhytelevisionreportingofgolfandtennisissponsoredbycompaniessellinghighpricedcars,businessandpersonalcomputers,andholidaytrips.Thisisalsowhythenetworkscontinuetocarrytheseprogramsregardlessoflowratings.Advertisersarewillingtopayhighfeestoreachhighincomeconsumersandthosemanagerswhomakedecisionstobuythousandsof“companycars”andcomputers.Withsuchviewers,theseprogramsdon'tneedhighratingstostayontheair.41.Televisionsportprogramsonweekendafternoons________.A．resultinmoresporteventsB．getmoreviewerstoplaysportsC．makemorepeopleinterestedintelevisionD．bringmoremoneytothetelevisionnetworks42.Whywouldweekendafternoonsbecomedeadtimewithoutsportprograms?A．Becausetherewouldbefewviewers.B．Becausetheadvertiserswouldbeoffwork.130\nC．Becausetelevisionprogramswouldgoslowly.D．Becauseviewerswouldpaylessforwatchingtelevision.43.Inmanyfamilies,menmakedecisionson________.A．holidaytripsB．sportsviewingC．televisionshoppingD．expensivepurchases44.Theratingsarenotimportantforgolfandtennisprogramsbecause________.A．theiradvertisersarecarmakersB．theirviewersareattractedbysportsC．theiradvertiserstargetatrichpeopleD．theirviewerscanaffordexpensivecars45.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Televisionratingsaredeterminedbymaleviewers.B．Richviewerscontributemosttotelevisioncompanies.C．Sportsaregainingimportanceinadvertisingontelevision.D．Commercialadvertisersarethemajorsponsorsofsportevents.【解题指导】本文讲述的是通过在星期六和星期日的下午播放一些电视节目来吸引那些高收入的人来看，给广告带来了极大的效益。说明体育在电视广告中起着很重要的作用。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。[2022·福建卷]ASomepeoplebelievethataRobinHoodisatwork,othersthatawealthypersonsimplywantstodistributehisorherfortunebeforedying.Butthedonatorwhostartedsendingenvelopeswithcashtodeservingcauses,accompaniedbyanarticlefromthelocalpaper,hasmadeanorthernGermancitybelieveinfairytales(童话)．Thefirstenvelopewassenttoavictimsupportgroup.Itcontained10,000withacuttingfromtheBraunschweigerZeitungabouthowthegroupsupportedawomanwhowasrobbedofherhandbag;similarplainwhiteanonymous(匿名)envelopes,eachcontaining10,000,thenarrivedatakindergartenandachurch.Theenvelopskeepcoming,andsofaratleast190,000hasbeendistributed.Lastmonth,oneofthemwassenttothenewspaper'sownoffice.ItcameafterastoryitpublishedaboutTom,a14yearoldboywhowasseverelydisabledinaswimmingaccident.ThereceptionistattheBraunschweigerZeitungopenedananonymouswhiteenvelopetofind20notesof500inside,withacopyofthearticle.Thenameof130\nthefamilywasunderlined.“IwasdrivingwhenIheardthenews，”ClaudiaNeumann,theboy'smother,toldDerSpiegelmagazine.“Ihadtoparkonthesideoftheroad;Iwasspeechless.”Themoneywillbeusedtomaketheentrancetotheirhousewheelchairaccessibleandforacourseoftreatmentthattheirinsurancecompanyrefusedtopayfor.“Forsomeonetoactsoselflessly,forthistohappeninsuchasocietyinwhicheveryonethinksofhimself,wasastonishing，”Mrs.Neumannsaid.HerfamilywonderwhetherthedonatorisaRobinHoodcharacter,takingfrombankstogivetotheneedy.HenningNoske,theeditoroftheBraunschweigerZeitung,said：“Maybeitisanoldpersonwhoisabouttodie.Wejustdonotknow.”However,hehastoldhisreportersnottolookforthecity'shero,forfearthatdiscoverymaystopthedonations.56．TheBraunschweigerZeitungisthenameof________.A．achurchB．abankC．anewspaperD．amagazine57．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthedonationtoTom?A．Thedonationamountedto190,000.B．Thedonationwassentdirectlytohishouse.C．Themoneywillbeusedforhiseducation.D．Hismotherfeltastonishedatthedonation.58．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A．thedonatorisaricholdmanB．thedonationwillcontinuetocomeC．thedonationcomesfromthenewspaperD．thedonatorwillsoonbefoundout59．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．MoneyIsRaisedbytheNewspaperB．NewspaperDistributesMoneytotheNeedyC．UnknownHeroSpreadsLoveinEnvelopesD．RobinHoodReturnstotheCity【解题指导】本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了城市英雄以匿名信封的形式在经济上帮助需要帮助的人。56.C　推理判断题。从第一段“Butthedonatorwhostartedsendingenvelopeswithcashtodeservingcauses,accompaniedbyanarticlefromthelocalpaper”和第二段“withacuttingfromtheBraunschweigerZeitung”可推出BraunschweigerZeitung是当地一家报纸。57.D　细节理解题。从倒数第二段Tom的妈妈所说的话可知答案。58.B　推理判断题。从最后一段“hehastoldhisreportersnottolookforthecity’shero,forfearthatdiscoverymaystopthedonations.”可知捐赠还会继续。59.C　主旨大意题。本文介绍了城市英雄以匿名信封的形式在经济上帮助需要帮助的人。[2022·陕西卷]DSpringiscoming,anditistimeforthoseabouttograduatetolookforjobs.Competitionistough,sojobseekersmustcarefullyconsidertheirpersonalchoices.Whateverwearewearing,ourfamilyandfriendsmayacceptus,buttheworkplacemaynot.Ahighschoolnewspapereditorsaiditisunfairforcompaniestodiscouragevisibletattoos(纹身),noserings,orcertaindressstyles.Itistrueyoucan'tjudgeabookbyitscover,yetpeopledo“cover”themselvesinordertoconvey(传递)certainmessages.Whatwewear,includingtattoosandnoserings,isanexpressionofwho130\nweare.Justaspeopleconveymessagesaboutthemselveswiththeirappearances,sodocompanies.Dressstandardsexistinthebusinessworldforanumberofreasons,butthemainconcernisoftenaboutwhatcustomersaccept.Othersmaysayhowtodressisamatterofpersonalfreedom,butforbusinessesitismoreaboutwhethertomakeorlosemoney.Mostemployersdocareaboutthepersonalappearancesoftheiremployees(雇员)，becausethosepeoplerepresentthecompaniestotheircustomer.AsahiringmanagerIampaidtochoosethepeoplewhowouldmakethebestimpressiononourcustomers.Thereareplentyofwellqualifiedcandidates,soitisnotwrongtorejectsomeonewhomightdisappointmycustomers.EventhoughIamopenminded,Ican'texpectallourcustomersare.Thereisnobodytoblamebutyourselfifyoursetofchoicesdoesnotmatchthatofyourpreferredemployer.Nocompanyshouldhavetochangetosatisfyacandidatesimplybecauseheorsheisunwillingtorespectitsstandards,aslongasitsstandardsarelegal.57．Whichofthefollowingisthenewspapereditor'sopinionaccordingtoParagraph2?A．People'sappearancescarrymessagesaboutthemselves.B．Customers'choicesinfluencedressstandardsincompanies.C．Candidateswithtattoosornoseringsshouldbefairlytreated.D．Strangedressstylesshouldnotbeencouragedintheworkplace.58．Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A．Candidateshavetowearwhatcompaniespreferforaninterview.B．Whattowearisnotamatterofpersonalchoiceforcompanies.C．Companiessometimeshavetochangetorespecttheircandidates.D．Hiringmanagersmakethebestimpressionontheircandidates.59．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．EmployeesMatterB．PersonalChoicesMatterC．AppearancesMatterD．HiringManagersMatter60．Theauthor'sattitudetowardsstrangedressstylesintheworkplacemaybestbedescribedas________.A．enthusiasticB．negativeC．positiveD．sympathetic2022高考英语试题（2022·重庆卷）ESkepticsarestangelot.Someofthemrefusetoadmittheseriousthreatofhumanactivitiestotheenviroment,andtheyaretiredofpeoplewhodisagreewiththem.130\nThosepeople,sayskeptics,spreadnotingbutbadnewsabouttheenvironment.The“eco-guilt”broughtonbythediscouragingnesaboutourplanetgivesrisetothepopularityodskepticeaspeoplesearchformorecomfortingworldviews.PerhapsthatexplainswhyanewbookbyBjornLomborgreceivedsomuchpublicity.Thatbook,TheSkepticalEnvironmentalist,declaresthatitmeasuresthe“realstateoftheworld”asfine.Ofcourse,anotherexplanationisthedeeppocketsofsomebigbusinesseswithspecialintererts.Indeed,Mr.Lomborg’sviewsaresimilartothoseofsomeIndustry-fundedorganizations,whichstarthugeactivitiesthoughthemediatoconfusethepublicaboatissueslikeglobalwarming.SoitwasstrangetoseeMr.Lomborg’sbookgolargelyunchallengedinthemediathoughhisbeliefswerecontrarytomostscientificopinions.OnenationalnewspaperinCanadarananumberofarticlesandreviewsfullofwordsofpraise,evenwiththeconclusionthat“AfterLomborg,theenvironmentalmovementwillbegintodiedown.”Suchone-sidedviewsshouldhaveimmediatelybeenchallenged.ButonlyadifferentreviewappearedinNature,arespectedsciencemagazinewithspecificreadership.ThereviewremarkedthatMr.Lomborg’s“preferenceforunexaminedmaterialsisincredible（不可信的）”。Acritical（批判的）eyeisvaluable,andthemediashouldpresentinformationinsuchawaythatcouldallowpeopletomakeinformeddecisions.Unfortunately,thatisofteninaccessibleasblockedbythedesiretobeshockingortodefendsomespecialinterest.Peoplemightbecomehalf-blindbeforeaworldpartiallyexhibitedbythemedia.That’sashame,becausemattersconcerningthehealthoftheplanetarefartooimportanttobetreatedlightly.72.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmayberegardedas“skeptics”?A.Peoplewhoagreeonthepopularityof“eco-guilt”.B.Peoplewhodisbelievetheserioussituationofourplanet.C.Peoplewhodisliketheharmfuleffectofhumanactivities.D.Peoplewhospreadcomfortingnewstoprotectourenvironment.73.WhichofthefollowingcanbeareasonforthepopularityofLomborg’sbooks?A.Somebigbusinessesintendtoprotecttheirowninterests.B.Thebookchallengesviewsaboutthefinestateofthewirld.C.Theauthorconvincespeopletospeakcomfortingworldviews.D.Industry–fundedmediapresentconfusinginformation.74.TheauthormentionedthereviewinNatureinorderto____.A.voiceadifferentopinionB.findfaultwithLomborg’sbookC.challengetheauthorityofthemediaD.pointoutthevalueofscientificviews.75.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassenger?A.Toencouragetheskepticstohaveacriticaleye.B.Towarnthepublicofthedangerofhalf–blindnesswithreviews.C.Toblamethemedia’slackofresponsibilityininformation.D.Toshowtheimportanceofpresentingoverallinformationbythemedia.130\n74.A作者意图题。上文叙述的是Lomborg的书受到高度评价，前无古人，后无来者，如此偏见却仅有一条反面评论，而且作者只是客观地叙述了这种现象，由此可推断作者意在发表一种不同的评论。75.D主旨大意题。文章从怀疑论者的质疑引出了本文的话题，接着剖析了本书无比流行的深层原因，最后一段作者则发表了自己的见解，由此可知作者的主要目的是呼吁媒体全面地呈现信息。（2022·安徽卷）CTheyarethesortoffriendswhoaresoclosetheytrusteachotherwiththeirlives.Ifonefalls,theotheristheretocatchhim.TheyareWellman,whoselegswerepermanentlyinjurednineyearsagoinarock-climbingaccident,andCorbett,anexperiencedrockclimber.Together,theyclimbedupHalfDome,thefamous2,000-footrockintheYosemiteNationalPark,throughoneofthemostdifficultroutes(路线).Duringtheclimb,Corbetttookthelead,hitinthemetalspikes（尖状物）thatguidedtheropesandclimbedup.Then,afterWellmanpulledhimselfuptherope,Corbettwentdowntoremovethespikesandclimbedupagain.Thisprocesswasrepeatedtimeandagain,inchbyinch,for13days. Wellman’sjobwasnoteasyeither.Hegothimselfuptheropethroughupperbodystrengthalone.Inall,Wellmanfiguredthathehaddone5,000pull-upsuptheropeontheclimb.However,whenthetwomenfirstmet,theynevertalkedaboutclimbing.“HeknewthatwashowIgotinjured.”Wellmansaid.UntilonedayWellmandecidedthathewantedtoclimbagainandtheystartedtraining.TheirclimbofHalfDomewasnotallsmooth.Atonepoint,piecesofrockgaveway,andCorbettdroppeddownquickly.Wellmanlockedtheirropeinplace,stoppingthefallat20feet.Hisquickactionprobablysavedhisfriend’slife.“Yourpartnercansaveyourlife—youcansaveyourpartner’slife,”Wellmansaidasthepairreceivedcongratulationsfromfriends.“Therearerealcloseties.”64.WhichofthefollowingwasachallengeforCorbettinclimbingHalfDome?A.Toclimbuptoremovethespikes.B.ToclimbittwiceC.Todo5,000pull-upsuptherope.D.Tolocktheropeinplace.65.Whydidthetwomennevertalkaboutclimbingwhentheyfirstmet?A.Corbettwaspoorlytrained.B.Wellmanhadlostinterestinclimbing.130\nC.Corbettdidn’twanttohurtWellman.D.Wellmanhadn’tdecidedwhethertoclimbagain.66.WhatdoweknowaboutWellman?A.HeclimbedHalfDomebyhimself.B.Hewasdisabledinatrafficaccident.C.Hestoppedrock-climbingforsometime.D.HewassavedbyCorbettduringtheclimb.67.Themainideaofthetextisthat.A.twoheadsarebetterthanoneB.friendshipispreciousinlifeC.thedisabledshouldnevergiveupD.amancanbedestroyedbutcannotbedefeated【文章大意】一对生死与共的朋友，一份感天动地的友情，谱写了一首动人的友谊之歌。64.B推理判断题。结合第三段对他们如何攀登的描述可推断Corbett攀登过程中的挑战是需要攀爬两次。65.C细节理解题。根据第五段引号中的内容可推断他们第一次见面时不谈关于攀岩的话题是因为Corbett不想伤害Wellman。66.C推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句中的内容可推断Wellman有一段时间停止了攀岩。67.B主旨大意题。文章第一段开门见山地点明了话题中心，最后一段又重申主题，所以本文是在讴歌人生中的珍贵友谊。（2022·山东卷）CDianaJacobsthoughtherfamilyhadaworkableplantopayforcollegeforher21-year-oldtwinsons:acombinationofsavings,income,scholarships,andamodestamountofborrowing.Thenherhusbandlosthisjob,andtheplanfellapart.“Ihavetwokidsincollege,andIwanttosay‘comehome,’butatthesametimeIwanttoprovidethemwithagoodeducation,”saysJacobs.TheJacobsfamilydidworkoutasolution:Theyaskedandreceivedmoreaidformtheschools,andeachsonincreasedhisborrowingtothemaximumamountthroughthefederalloan(贷款)program.Theywilleachgraduatewith$20,000ofdebt,butatleasttheywillbeabletofinishschool.Withunemploymentrising,financialaidadministratorsexpecttohearmorefamiliesliketheJacobs.Morestudentsareapplyingforaid,andmorefamiliesexpecttoneedstudentloans.Collegeadministratorsareconcernedthattheywillnothaveenoughaidmoneytogoaround.Atthesametime,tuition（学费）continuestorise.AreportfromtheNationalCenterforPublicPolicyandHigherEducationfoundthatcollegetuitionandfeesincreased439%from1982to2022,whileaveragefamilyincomerosejust147%.Studentborrowinghasmorethandoubledinthelastdecade,“Ifwegoonthiswayforanother25years,wewon’thaveanaffordablesystemofhighereducation,”saysPatrickM.Callan,presidentofthecenter.“Themiddleclassfamilieshavebeenfinancingitthroughdebt.Theywillsendkidstocollegewhateverittakes,evenifthatmeansahugeamountofdebt.”Financialaidadministratorshavebeenhavingahardtimeasmanycompaniesdecidethatstudentloansarenotprofitableenoughandhavestoppedmakingthem.130\nThegoodnews,however,isthatfederalloansaccountforaboutthreequartersofstudentborrowing,andthegovernmentsaysthatmoneywillflowuninterrupted.66.AccordingtoParagraph1,whydidtheplanofJacobsfamilyfail?A.Thetwinswastedtoomuchmoney.B.Thefatherwasoutofwork.C.Theirsavingranout.D.Thefamilyfellapart.67.HowdidtheJacobsmanagetosolvetheirproblem?A.Theyaskedtheirkidstocomehome.B.Theyborrowed$20,000fromtheschool.C.Theyencouragedtheirtwinsonstodopart-timejobs.D.Theygothelpfromtheschoolandthefederalgovernment.68.Financialaidadministratorsbelievethat_______.A.morefamilieswillfacethesameproblemastheJacobsesB.thegovernmentwillreceivemorelettersofcomplaintC.collegetuitionfeeswilldoublesoonD.America’sunemploymentwillfall69.Whatcanwelearnaboutthemiddleclassfamiliesfromthetext?A.Theyblamedthegovernmentforthetuitionincrease.B.Theirincomeremainedsteadyinthelastdecade.C.Theywilltrytheirbesttosendkidstocollege.D.Theirdebtswillbepaidoffwithin25years.70.Accordingtothelastparagraph,thegovernmentwill.A.providemoststudentswillscholarshipsB.dismisssomefinancialaidadministratorsC.stopthecompaniesfrommakingstudentloansD.goonprovidingfinancialsupportforcollegestudents68.A【解析】考查细节理解。由第四段的第一句话可知，随着失业的增加，资金援助管理人员认为：很多家庭都有Jacobs家那样的情况。由此可知答案为A项。69.C【解析】考查细节理解。由倒数第二段中的最后两句“Theywillsendkidstocollegewhateverittakes,evenifthatmeansahugeamountofdebt.”130\n无论需要什么他们都会送孩子去上大学，即使那意味着大笔的债务。可知，中产阶级不惜任何代价送他们的孩子上大学。由此可知C项正确。70.D【解析】考查细节理解。根据最后一段的最后一句话可知，政府将继续向大学生提供资金援助（goonprovidingfinancialsupportforcollegestudents）。（2022·江西卷）CThegardencitywaslargelytheinventionofEbenezerHoward(1850-1928).AfterimmigratingformEnglandtotheUSA,andanunsuccessfulattempttomakealivingasafarmer,hemovedtoChicago,wherehesawthereconstructionofthecityafterthedisastrousfireof1871.Inthosedays,itwasnicknamed“theGardenCity”,almostcertainlythesourceofHoward’snameforhislaterbuildingplanoftowns.ReturningtoLondon,Howarddevelopedhisdesigninthe1880sand1890s,drawingonideasthatwerepopularatthetime,butcreatingauniquecombinationofdesigns.Thenineteenth-centurypoorcitywasinmanywaysaterribleplace,dirtyandcrowded;butitofferedeconomicandsocialopportunities.Atthesametime,theBritishcountrysidewasinfactequallyunattractive:thoughitpromisedfreshairandnature,itsufferedfromagriculturaldepression(萧条)anditofferedneitherenoughworkandwages,normuchsociallife.Howard’sideawastocombinethebestoftownandcountryinanewkindofsettlement,thegardencity.Howard’sideawasthatagroupofpeopleshouldsetupacompany,borrowingmoneytoestablishagardencityinthedepressedcountryside;farenoughfromexistingcitiestomakesurethatthelandwasboughtatthebottomprice.Gardencitieswouldprovideacentralpublicopenspace,radialavenuesandconnectingindustries.Theywouldbesurroundedbyamuchlargerareaofgreenbelt,alsoownedbythecompany,containingnotmerelyfarmsbutalsosomeindustrialinstitutions.Asmoreandmorepeoplemovedin,thegardencitywouldreachitsplannedlimit-Howardsuggested32,000people;then,anotherwouldbestartedashortdistanceaway.Thus,overtime,therewoulddevelopavastplannedhousecollection,extendingalmostwithoutlimit;withinit,eachgardencitywouldofferawiderangofjobsandservices,buteachwouldalsobeconnectedtotheothersbyarapidtransportationsystem,thusgivingalltheeconomicandsocialopportunitiesofabigcity.66.HowdidHowardgetthenameforhisbuildingplanofgardencities?A.Throughhisobservationofthecountrylife.B.Throughthecombinationofdifferentideas.C.Bytakingotherpeople’sadvice.D.ByusingthenicknameofthereconstructedChicago.67.Theunderlinedphrase“drawingon”inParagraph1probablymeans______.A.makinguseofB.makingcommentsonC.givinganexplanationofD.givingadescriptionof68.AccordingtoHoward,gardencitiesshouldbebuilt______.A.asfaraspossiblefromexistingcitiesB.inthecountrysidewherethelandwascheapC.inthecountrysidewhereagriculturewasdeveloped130\nD.nearcitieswhereemploymentopportunitiesalreadyexisted69.Whatcanwelearnaboutgardencitiesfromthelastparagraph?A.TheirnumberwouldcontinuetoriseB.EachonewouldcontinuetobecomelargerC.PeoplewouldliveandworkinthesameplaceD.Eachonewouldcontainacertaintypeofbusiness70.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.CityandCountrysideB.TheInventionoftheGardenCityC.ANewCityinChicagoD.AFamousGardenCityinEngland【文章大意】本文介绍了EbenezerHoward设计的英国花园城市。66.D细节理解题。根据第一段的第二、三两句可知，他的花园城市得名于重建后的芝加哥的绰号。67.A词义猜测题。联系上下文可知该句大意是：他“利用”当时很受欢迎的一些想法，做出了自己的设计方案。故drawingon有makinguseof之意。68.B推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句中的“toestablishagardencityinthedepressedcountryside;farenoughfromexistingcitiestomakesurethatthelandwasboughtatthebottomprice.”，可知选B。69.A推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后两句可知gardencities的数量将会持续增加。70.B主旨大意题。根据第一段EbenezerHoward的经历和花园城市的最初构想，第二段花园城市的设计背景，以及第三段对花园城市未来发展的畅想可知，本文的标题为TheInventionoftheGardenCity。（2022·广东卷）AIntheanimalkingdom,weaknesscanbringaboutaggressioninotheranimal.Thissometimeshappenswithhumansalso.ButIhavefoundthatmyweaknessbringsoutthekindnessinpeople.Iseeiteverydaywhenpeopleholddoorsforme,pourcreamintomycoffee,orhelpmetoputonmycoat.AndIhavediscoveredthatitmakesthemhappy.Frommywheelchairexperience,Iseethebestinpeople,butsometimesIfeelsadbecausethosewhoappearindependentmissthekindnessIseedaily.Theydon’tgettoseethissoftsideofothers.Often,wetryeverywaypossibletoavoidshowingourweakness,whichincludesalotofpretending.Butonlywhenwestoppretendingwe’rebraveorstrongdoweallowpeopletoshowthekindnessthat’sinthem.Lastmonth,whenIwasdrivinghomeonabusyhighway,Ibegantofeelunwellanddrovemoreslowlythanusual.Peoplebehindmebegantogetimpatientandangry,withsomespeedingupalongsideme,horning(按喇叭)orevenshoutingatme.AtthemomentIdecidedtodosomethingIhadneverdoneintwenty-fouryearsofdriving.Iputonthecarflashlightsanddroveonatareallylowspeed.Nomoreangryshoutsandnomorehorns!WhenIputonmyflashlights,Iwassayingtootherdrivers,“Ihaveaproblemhere.IamweakanddoingthebestIcan.”Andeveryoneunderstood.Severaltimes,Isawdriverswhowantedtopass.Theycouldn’tgetaroundmebecauseofthestreamofpassingtraffic.Butinsteadofgettingimpatientandangry,theywaited,knowingthedriverinfrontofthemwasinsomewayweak.Sometimessituationscallforustoactstrongandbraveevenwhenwedon’t130\nfeelthatway.Butthosearefewandfarbetween.Moreoften,itwouldbebetterifwedon’tpretendwefeelstrongwhenwefeelweakorpretendthatwearebravewhenwearescared.26.Theauthorhasdiscoveredthatpeoplewillfeelhappywhen______.A.theyoffertheirhelpB.theyreceiveothers’helpC.theyfeelothers’kindnessD.theyshowtheirweakness27.Theauthorfeelssadsometimesbecause______.A.hehasasoftheartB.hereliesmuchonothersC.somepeoplepretendtobekindD.somepeoplefailtoseethekindnessinothers28.Whatdidtheotherdriversdowhentheysawtheflashlights?A.Theyspeeduptopass.B.Theywaitedwithpatience.C.Theytriedtheirbesttohelp.D.Theyputontheirflashlightstoo.29.Inthispassage,theauthoradvisesusto______.A.handleproblemsbyourselvesB.accepthelpfromothersC.admitourweaknessD.showourbravery30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.AWheelchairExperience.B.WeaknessandKindness.C.WeaknessandStrengthD.ADrivingExperience28.【答案】B细节理解题。由第四、五段内容可知，当作者将车上的闪光信号灯打开时，后面那些原本很不耐烦的司机便都意识到他遇到问题了，便都不再急躁，而是耐心地等待。即B项正确。130\n29.【答案】C推理判断题。根据文章第三段至第五段作者的亲身经历，再结合文章最后一句话可知，作者想要告诉我们的是：生活中，有时我们需要表现得坚强，但是更多的时候我们却很有必要将自己脆弱的一面告诉别人，因为只有这样人们才可以帮助我们。因此C项正确。30.【答案】B标题判断题。通读全文可知，作者通过一次亲身经历告诉我们，有时候我们需要让别人了解我们需要帮助，这样人们便会表现出他们善意的一面。由此可知，B项作标题最贴切。（2022·浙江卷）CInthemoreandmorecompetitivescrviceindustry,itisnolongerenoughtopromisecustomrrsatisfaction.Today,customer“delighi”iswhatcompaniesaretryingtoachieveinorordertokeepandincreasemarketshare.Itisacceptedinthemarketingindustry,andconfirmedbyanumberofresearches,thatcustomersreceivinggoodservicewillpromotebusinessbytellingupto12otherpeople:thosetreatedbadlywilltelltheirtalesofwoetoupto20people,80percentofpeoplewhofeeltheircomplaintsarehandledfairlywillstayloyalNewllengesforcustomercarehavecomewhenpeoplecanobtaingoodsandservicesthroughtelephonecallcentersandtheIntemet.Forexample,manycompaniesnowhavetoinvest(投资)alotofmoneyininformationtechnologyandstafftraininginordertocopewiththe“phonerage”—causedbydelaysinansweringcalls,beingcutoffinmid-conversationorleftwaitingforlongperiods.“Manypeopledonotliketalkingtomachines,”saysDr.StoreySeniorLecturerinMarketngatCityUniversityBusinessSchool.“Banks,forexample,encouragestaffatcallcenterstousecustomerdatatoestablishinstantandgoodrelationshipwiththem.Theaimistomakethecustometfeeltheyknowyouandthatyoucantrest—thesortofcomfortablefeelingspeoplehaveduringface-to-facechatswiththeirlocalbranchmanager.”Recommendedwaysofcreatingcustomerdelightinclude:under-promisingandover-delivering(sayingthatarepairwillbecamedoutwithinfivehours,butgettingitdonewithintwo);replacingafaultyproductimmediately:throwinginagiftvoucher(购物礼卷)asanunexpected“thankyou”toregntlarcustomers;andalwaysreturningcalls,evenwhentheyarecomplaints.Aimingforcustomerdelightisallverywell,butifservicesdonotreachthehighlevelpromised,disappointmentorworsewillbetheresult.Thiscanbeeasedbyofferinganaplogyandanexplanationofwhytheservicedidnotmeetusualstandardswithempathy(forexample,“Iknowhowyoumustfeel”),andpossiblesolutions(replacement,compensationorwhateverfaimesssuggestsbestmeetsthecase).Airlinesfacesomeofthetourhestchallengesovercustomercare.Fiercecompetitionhasconvincedthemthatdelightingpassengersisanimportantmarketingtool,whilethereisgreatpotentialforcustomerangeroverdelayscausedbyweather,unclaimedluggageandtechniealproblems.ForBritishAirwaysstaff,awinningtelephonestyleisconsidercdvitalinhandlingthelargevolumeofcallsaboutbookingsandflighttimes.Theyaretrainedtoanswerquickly,withtheirname,jobtitleanda“weareheretohelp”attitude.Thecompanyhasinvestodheavilyininformationtechnologytomakesurethatinfomationisavailableinstantlyonscren.BritishAirwaysalsosaysitscustomercarepoliciesareappliedwithinthe130\ncompanyandstaffaretaughttoregardeachotherascustomersrequiringthehigheststandardsofservice.Customercareisobviouslyheretostayanditwouldbeafoolishcompanythatusedsloganssuchas"wedoasweplease”.Ontheotherhand,themorecustomersarepromised,thegreatertheriskofdisappointment.50.WecanlearnfromParagraph2that.A.complainingcustomersarehardtosatisfyB.unsatisfiedcustomersreceivebetterserviceC.SatisfiedcustomerscatchmoreattentionD.well-treatedcustomerspromotebusiness51.Thewritermentions“phonerage”(Paragraph3)toshowthat.A.customersoftenusephonestoexpresstheirangerB.peoplestillprefertobuygoodsonlineC.customercarebecomesmoreattentionD.customersrelyontheirphonestoobtainservices52.Whatdoesthewriterrecommendtocreatedelight?A.CallingcustomersregularlyB.Givinga“thankyou”note.C.DeliveringaquickerserviceD.Promisingmoregifts.53.Ifamanagershouldshowhisempathy(Paragraph6),whatwouldheprobablysay?A.“Iknowhowupsetyoumustbe.”B.“Iappreciateyourunderstanding.”C.“I’msorryforthedelay.”D.“Iknowit’sourfault.”54.Customerdelightisimportantforairlinesbecause.A.theirtelephonestyleremainsanchangedB.theyaremorelikelytomeetwithcomplaintsC.theservicescostthemalotofmoneyD.thepoliciescanbeappliedtotheirstaff55.Whichofthefollowingisconveyedinthisarticle?A.Face-to-faceservicecreatcscomfortablefeelingsamongcustomers.B.Companiesthatpromisemorewillnaturallyattractmorecustomers.C.Acompanyshouldpromiselessbutdomoreinacompetitivemarket.D.Customerdelightismoreimportantforairlinesthanforbanks.54.B逻辑推理题。从文章第七段中的“whilethereisgreatpotentialforcustom-ers130\nanger”可知，由于各种原因，航空业面临的消费者投诉更多，所以对航空业而言，让消费者满意是重要的市场竞争手段，由此选B项。55.C逻辑推理题。从文章最后一段可知，明智的企业往往不会喊空口号，而是注重实际行动，由此选C项。2022年高考英语试题考点分项解析阅读理解分类汇编之文化教育类（2022·山东卷）BTimRichterandhiswife,Linda,hadtaughtforover30yearsnearBuffalo,NewYork--heincomputers,sheinspecialeducation."Teachingmeanseverythingtous,"Timwouldsay.InApril1998,helearnedhewouldneedaheartoperation.Itwasthekindofnewsthatleadstosomeseriousthinkingaboutlife'spurpose.Notlongafterthesurgery,TimsawabrochuredescribingImaginationLibrary,aprogramstartedbyDollyParton'sfoundation(基金会)thatmailedabookeverymonthtochildrenfrombirthtoagefiveinthesinger'shometownofSevier,Tennessee.“Ithought,maybeLindaandIcoulddosomethinglikethiswhenweretire,"Timrecalls.Heplacedthebrochureonhisdesk,"asareminder."Fiveyearslater,nowretiredandwiththatbrochurestillonthedesk,Timclickedonimaginationlibrary.com.Theprogramhadbeenopeneduptopartnerswhocouldtakeadvantageofbookandpostagediscounts.ThequalityofthebookswasofgreatconcerntotheRichters.Ratherthansignuponline,theywenttoDollywoodforalook-see.“Wedidn’twanttogivethechildrenrubbish,”saysLinda.Thebooks-reviewedeachyearbyteachers,literacyspecialistsandDollywoodboardmembers-includedclassicssuchasEzraJackKeats’sTheSnowyDayandnewerbookslikeAnnaDewdney’sLlamaLlamaseries.Satisfied,thecouplesetuptheRichterFamilyFoundationandgottowork.Since2022,theyhaveshippedmorethan12,200bookstopreschoolersintheirintheirarea.MeganWilliams,amotheroffour,ismorethanappreciative:“ThisprogramintroducesustobooksI’veneverheardof.”TheRichtersspendabout＄400amonthsendingbooksto200children.“Somepeoplesitthereandwaittodie,”saysTim.“Othersgetasbusyastheycaninthetimetheyhaveleft.”61.WhatledTimtothinkseriouslyaboutthemeaningoflife?A.Hishealthproblem.B.Hisloveforteaching.C.Theinfluenceofhiswife.D.ThenewsfromtheWeb.62.WhatdidTimwanttodoafterlearningaboutImaginationLibrary?A.Giveoutbrochures.B.Dosomethingsimilar.C.WritebooksforchildrenD.Retirefrombeingateacher.63.Accordingtothetext,DolllyPartonis.A.awell-knownsurgeonB.amotherofafour-year-oldC.asingerborninTennesseeD.acomputerprogrammer64.WhydidtheRichtersgotoDollywood?A.Toavoidsigninguponline.B.TomeetDollywoodboardmembers.C.Tomakesurethebookswerethenewest.130\nD.Toseeifthebookswereofgoodquality.65.WhatcanwelearnfromTim’swordsinthelastparagraph?A.Heneedsmoremoneytohelpthechildren.B.Hewonderswhysomepeoplearesobusy.C.Hetriestosavethosewaitingtodie.D.Hconsidershiseffortsworthwhile.63.C【解析】考查推理判断。从第二段中“byDollyParton’sfoundation【基金会）thatmailedabookeverymonthtochildrenfrombirthtoagefiveinthesinger’shometownofSevier”可以看出：他是一名歌手，故选C。64.D【解析】考查细节理解。文章倒数第三段解释了Richter夫妇去Dollywood的原因：ThequalityofthebookswasofgreatconcerntotheRichters，下文他说的话“Wedidn’twanttogivethechildrenrubbish”也可以说明这一点：看看书的质量好不好。65.D【解析】考查推理判断。Tim认为人不应该无所事事等待死神的到来，而应该利用好晚年的时光，使自己忙碌起来，对社会作出应有的贡献，他正是这样做的，由此可以看出，四个选项中D项（认为自己的努力很值得）最能表达这个意思。（2022·安徽卷）EGeorgeProchnikwouldliketheworldtoputasockinit.Hemakeshiscaseinanewbook,ListeningforMeaninginaWorldofNoise.Hereheexplainshimself(usinghisindoorvoice):“We’vebecomesoaccustomedtonoise,there’salmostadeepprejudiceagainsttheideathatsilencemightbebeneficial.Ifyoutellsomeonetobequiet,yousoundlikeanoldman.Butit’sneverbeenmoreimportanttofindcontinuingquiet.Silencefocusesus,improvesourhealth,andisakeytolastingpeaceandsatisfaction.”“Weneedtoexcitepeopleaboutthesoundsyoustarttohearifyoumerelyquietthingsdownalittle.DuringaJapaneseteaceremony,thesmallestsoundsbecomeakindofart—thespoonsmakingalightringingsoundonabowl,theedgesofakimono(和服)brushingagainstthefloor.”“Deafpeopleareveryattentive(专注的)inalmosteveryaspectoflife.Iftwodeafpeoplearewalkingtogether,usingsignlanguage,theyconstantlywatchoutforeachotherandprotecteachotherbypayingsteadyattentiontotheother.Theyareconnectedyetalsofullyawareoftheirsurroundings.Evendeafteenagers!We130\ninthehearingworldcanlearnfromthem.Ifweremovethepowerfulblasts(一阵阵)ofnoise,webecomeawareofanextraordinarilyrichworldaroundus—oflittlesoftsoundsandthesoundoffootsteps,ofbirdsongsandicecracking(开裂声).It’sastonishinghowbeautifulthingssoundwhenyoucanreallylisten.”72.Whatdoesthephrase“toputasockinit”inParagraph1probablymean?A.tobequietB.tobecolorfulC.tobefullofloveD.tobeattentivetosomeone73.WhatdoesProchniksayaboutus?A.WeareusedtoquietnessB.WehavetoputupwithnoiseC.WedonotthinksilencetobebeneficialD.Wedonotbelievelastingpeacetobeavailable74.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoProchnik?A.WeneedmoresoundsinourlivesB.ThereisnothingtobelearnedfromthedeafC.WearenotawarehowrichtheworldaroundusisD.ThereistoomuchnoiseataJapaneseteaceremony75.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.A.wecanbenefitalotfromoldpeopleB.itisagoodideatousesignlanguageC.thereisnoescapefromtheworldofsoundD.itispossibletofindhowbeautifulthingssound（2022·全国2卷）DThewaywedothingsroundhereSomeyearsago,IwashiredbyanAmericanbank.IreceivedaletterfromtheheadofthePersonnelDepartmentthatstarted,"DearJohn,Iamquitepleasedthatyouhavedecidedtojoinus."That"quite"saddenedme.Ithoughthewassaying"we'rekindofpleasedyoudecidedtojoinusalthoughIwishwehadhiredsomeoneelse."ThenIdiscoveredthatinAmericanEnglish"quite"sometimesmeans"very",whileinBritishEnglishitmeans"fairly".SothefirstlessonaboutworkinginothercountriesistolearnthelanguageandbythatIdon'tjustmeanthewordspeoplespeak.Itisbodylanguage,dress,manners,ideasandsoon.Thewaypeopledothingshighlightsmanyofthedifferencesweseebetweencultures（文化）．130\nSomeofthesedifferencesmaybeonlyonthesurface-dress,foodandhoursofwork-whileothersmaybedeeperandtakelongertodealwith.Mostly,itisjustaquestionofgettingusedtothedifferencesandacceptingthem,liketheclimate（气候），whilegettingonwithbusiness.Someofthedifferencesmaybeanimprovement.Peoplearemorepolite;theserviceisbetter;youaskforsomethingtobedoneandithappenswithouthavingtoaskagain.However,otherdifferencescanbetroubling,likepunctuality（准时）．Ifyouinvitepeopletoapartyat7o'clockyourguestswillconsideritpolitetoturnupexactlyontimeinGermany,fiveminutesearlyintheAmericanMidwest,anhourearlyinJapan,15minutesafterwardsintheUK,uptoanhourafterwardsinItalyandsometimeintheeveninginGreece.Iprefernottousetheword"late"becausethereisnothingwrongwiththetimespeoplearrive.Itissimplytheacceptedthingtodointheirowncountry.52.TheauthorwasunhappyasmentionedinParagraph1becausehethought______．A.theAmericanbankdidn'tthinkmuchofhimB.theAmericanbankmighthireanotherpersonC.it'sdifficulttogetusedtoAmericancultureD.it'seasytomisunderstandAmericans53．Theword"highlights"inParagraph2probablymeans_____.A.encouragesB.helpstonarrowC.increasesD.drawsattentionto54.Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldwedowithmostculturaldifferences?A.Askthenativepeopleforhelp.B.Understandandacceptthem.C.Dothingsinourownway.D.Doin-depthresearch.55.Wheninvitedtoapartythepeoplewhoareusuallypunctualare______.A.ItaliansB.GermansC.GreeksD.theBritish（2022·辽宁卷）BAbout21,000youngpeoplein17Americanstatesdonotattendclassesinschoolbuildings.130\nInstead,theyreceivetheirelementary(初等)andhighschooleducationbyworkingathomeoncomputers.TheCenterforEducationReformsaystheUnitedStateshas67public“cyberschools.”andthatisabouttwiceasmanyastwoyearsago.Themoneyforstudentstoattendacyberschoolcomesfromthegovernmentsofthestateswheretheylive.Someeducatorssaycyberschoolsreceivemoneythatshouldsupporttraditionalpublicschools.Theyalsosayitisdifficulttoknowifstudentsarelearningwell.Othereducatorspraisethisnewformofeducationforlettingstudentsworkattheirownspeed.Thesepeoplesaycyberschoolshelpstudentswhowereunhappyorunsuccessfulintraditionalschools.Theysaylearningathomebycomputerendslongbusridesforchildrenwholivefarfromschool.Whateverthejudgementofcyberschools,theyaregettingmoreandmorepopular.Forexample,anewcyberschoolcalledCommonwealthConnectionsAcademywilltakeinstudentsthisfall.ItwillservechildreninthestateofPennsylvaniafromagesfivethroughthirteen.Childrengetfreeequipmentfortheironlineeducation.Thisincludesacomputer,aprinter,booksandtechnicalservices.Parentsandstudentstalkwithteachersbytelephoneorbysendingemailsthroughtheircomputerswhennecessary.Studentsatcyberschoolsusuallydonotknowoneanother.But56suchstudentswhofinishedstudiesatWesternPennsylvaniaCyberCharterSchoolrecentlymetforthefirsttime.Theywereguestsofhonorattheirgraduation.59.Whatdoweknowfromthetextaboutstudentsofacyberschool?A.Theyhavetotakelongbusridestoschool.B.Theystudyathomeratherthaninclassrooms.C.Theyreceivemoneyfromtraditionalpublicschools.D.Theydowellintraditionalschoolprograms.60.Whatisaproblemwithcyberschools?A.Theirequipmentcostsalotofmoney.B.Theygetlittlesupportfromthestategovernment.C.Itishardtoknowstudents'progressinlearning.D.Thestudentsfindithardtomakefriends.61.Cyberschoolsaregettingpopularbecause.A.theyarelessexpensiveforstudentsB.theirstudentscanworkattheirownspeedC.theirgraduatesaremoresuccessfulinsocietyD.theyservestudentsinawideragerange62.Wecaninferthattheauthorofthetextis..A.unprejudicedinhisdescriptionofcyberschoolsB.excitedaboutthefutureofcyberschoolsC.doubtfulaboutthequalityofcyberschoolsD.disappointedatthedevelopmentofcyberschools130\n（2022·北京卷）CStudentsandTechnologyintheClassroomIlovemyblackberry—it’smylittleconnectiontothelargerworldthatcangoanywherewithme.Ialsolovemylaptopcomputer，asitholdsallofmywritingandthought.Despitethisloveoftechnology,IknowthattherearetimeswhenIneedtomoveawayfromthesedeviceandtrulycommunicationwithothers.Onoccasion,IteachacoursecalledHistoryMattersforagroupofhighereducationmanagers.Mygoalsfortheclassincludeafulldiscussionofhistoricalthemesandideas.BecauseIwantstudentstothoroughlystudythematerialandexchangetheirideaswitheachotherintheclassroom,Ihavearule—nolaptop,ipads,phones,etc.Whenstudentsweretoldmyruleinadvanceoftheclass,someofthemwerenothappy.Moststudentsassumethatyearreasonsforthisruleincludeunpleasantexperiencesinthepastwithstudentsmisusingtechnology.There’sabitoftruthtothat.SomestudentsassumethatIamanti-technology.There’snotruthinthatatall.IlovetechnologyandtrytokeepupwithitsoIrelatetomystudents.TherealreasonwhyIaskstudentstoleavetechnologyatthedooristhatIthinkthereareveryfewplacesinwhichwecanhavedeepconversionsandtrulyengagecomplexideas.Interruptionsbytechnologyoftenbreakconcentrationandallowfortoomuchdependenceonoutsideinformationforideas.Iwantstudentstothinkdifferentlyandmakeconnectionsbetweenthecoursethematerialandtheclassdiscussion.I’vebeenteachingmyhistoryclassinthiswayformanyyearsandtheeducationsreflectstudentsatisfactionwiththeenvironmentthatIcreate.Studentsrealizethatwithdeepconversationandchallenge,theylearnatalevelthathelpsthemkeepthecoursematerialbeyondtheclassroom.I’mnotsayingthatIwon’teverchangemymindabouttechnologyuseinmyhistoryclass,butuntilIhearareallygoodreasonforthechange,I’mstickingtomyplan.afewhoursoftechnology-freedialogueisjusttoogiveup.63.someofthestudentsinthehistoryclasswereunhappywith____A.thecoursematerialB.others’misuseoftechnologyC.discussiontopicsD.theauthor’sclassregulator64.theunderlinedword“engage”inpara.4probablymeans____A.exploreB.acceptC.changeD.reject130\n65.accordingtotheauthor,theuseoftechnologyintheclassroommay____A.keepstudentsfromdoingindependentthinkingB.encouragestudentstohavein-depthconversationsC.helpstudentstobetterunderstandcomplexthemesD.affectstudents’concentrationoncourseevaluation66.itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthattheauthor____A.isquitestubbornB.willgiveupteachinghistoryC.willchangehisteachingplansoonD.valuestechnology-freedialoguesinhisclass（2022·四川卷）D“Experiencemaypossiblybethebestteacher,butitisnotaparticularlygoodteacher.”YoumightthinkthatWinstonChurhillorperhapsMarkTwainspokethosewords,buttheyactuallycomefromJamesMarch,aprofessoratStanfordUniversityandapioneerinthefieldoforganizationdecisionmaking.ForyearsMarch(possiblybewisestphilosopherofmanagement)hasstudiedhowhumansthinkandact,andhecontinuestodosoinhisnewbookTheAmbiguitiesofExperience.Hebeginsbyremindingusofjusthowfirmlywehavebeenstickingtotheideaofexperientiallearning:“Experienceisrespected；experienceissought；experienceisexplained.”Theproblemisthatlearningfromexperienceinvolves（涉及）seriouscomplications（复杂化），onesthatarepartofthenatureofexperienceitselfandwhichMarchdiscussesinthebodyofthisbook.Inoneinterestingpartofbook，forexample，heturnsadoubleeyetowardtheuseofstoriesasthemosteffectivewayofexperientiallearning.Hesays“Themoreaccurately（精确的）realityispresented，thelessunderstandablethestory，andthemoreunderstandablethestory,thelessrealisticitis.”Besidesbeingabroadlyknowledgeableresearcher.Marchisalsoapoet,andhisgiftshinesthoughinthedepthofviewsheoffersandthesimplelanguageheuses.Thoughthebookisshort,itisdemanding；Don’tpickituplookingforquick,easylessons.Rather,bereadytothinkdeeplyaboutlearningfromexperienceinworkandlife.53.Accordingtothetext,JamesMarchis____________.130\nA.apoetwhousesexperienceinhiswritingB.ateacherwhoteachersstorywritinginuniversityC.aresearcherwhostudiesthewayhumansthinkandactD.aprofessorwhohelpsorganizationsmakeimportantdecisions54.AccordingtoJamesMarch,experience______________.A.isovervaluedB.iseasytoexplainC.shouldbeactivelysought55.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?A.Experiencemakesstoriesmoreaccurate.B.Storiesmadeinterestingfailtofullypresentthetruth.C.Theuseofstoriesisthebestwayofexperientiallearning.D.Storiesareeasiertounderstandwhenrealityismoreaccuratelydescribed.56.What’sthepurposeofthistext?A.Tointroduceabook.B.Todescribearesearcher.C.Toexplainexperientiallearning.D.Todiscussorganizationaldecisionmaking.【答案与解析】【要点综述】文章介绍了JamesMarch所著的一本名为TheAmbiguitiesofExperience书。本书针对人们生活中过分依赖经验这一现象作了分析实际上是告诫人们不可高估经验的作用。53．C细节理解题。根据首段“ForyearsMarch(possiblybewisestphilosopherofmanagement)hasstudiedhowhumansthinkandact,”可知。54．A推理判断题。根据首段第一句及第2段“Theproblemisthatlearningfromexperienceinvolves（涉及）seriouscomplications（复杂化），...”可得知March认为人们高估了经验的作用。55．B细节理解题。根据第3段“Themoreaccurately（精确的）realityispresented，thelessunderstandablethestory，andthemoreunderstandablethestory,thelessrealisticitis.”可判断正确答案为B。56．A推理判断题。此题判断作者的写作意图。从首段最末一句“hecontinuestodosoinhisnewbookTheAmbiguitiesofExperience.”及末段“Thoughthebookisshort,itisdemanding；Don’tpickituplookingforquick,easylessons.”可推断出本文是介绍March所著的这本书。2022高考英语试题(2022高考英语安徽卷C)Americancitiesaresimilartoothercitiesaroundtheworld:Ineverycountry,citiesreflectthevaluesoftheculture.Americancitiesarechanging,justasAmericansocietyischanging.AfterWorldWarⅡ,thepopulationofmostlargeAmericancitiesdecreased;however,thepopulationshifts（转移）toandfromthecityreflectthechangingvaluesofAmericansociety.Inthelate1940sandearly1950s,cityresidents（居民）becamewealthier.Theyhadmorechildrensotheyneededmorespace.Theymovedoutoftheirapartmentsinthecitytobuytheirownhomes.Theyboughthousesinthesuburbs（郊区）.Nowthingsarechanging,Thechildrenofthepeoplewholeftthecitiesinthe130\n1950sarenowadults.Many,unliketheirparents,wanttoliveinthecities.TheycontinuetomovetoSunBeltcitiesandolderonesoftheNortheastandMidwest.Manyyoungprofessionalsaremovingbackintothecity.Theypreferthecitytothesuburbsbecausetheirjobsarethere;ortheyjustenjoytheexcitementandpossibilitiesthatthecityoffers.Thispopulationshiftisbringingproblemsaswellasbenefits.Countlesspoorpeoplemustleavetheirapartmentsinthecitybecausetheownerswanttosellthebuildingsormakeapartmentsforsaleinsteadofforrent.Inthe1950s,manypoorpeopledidnothaveenoughmoneytomovetothesuburbs;nowmanyofthesesamepeopledonothaveenoughmoneytostayinthecities.Onlyafewyearsago,peoplethoughtthattheolderAmericancitiesweredying.Somecityresidentsnowseeabright,newfuture.Othersseeonlyproblemsandconflicts.Onethingissure：manydyingcitiesarealiveagain.64.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofcitiesallovertheworld?A.Theyarealive.B.Theyarehopeless.C.Theyaresimilar.D.Theyaredifferent.65.WhydidAmericancityresidentswanttoliveinthesuburbsafterWorldWarⅡ?A.BecauseolderAmericancitiesweredying.B.Becausetheywerericherandneededmorespace.C.Becausecitiescontainedtheworstpartsofsociety.D.Becausetheycouldhardlyaffordtoliveinthecity.66.Accordingtothe4thparagraph,agreatmanypoorpeopleinAmericancities_______.A.arefacedwithhousingproblemsB.areforcedtomovetothesuburbsC.wanttoselltheirbuildingsD.needmoremoneyfordailyexpenses67.Wecanconcludefromthetextthat___________.A.AmericancitiesarechangingfortheworseB.peoplehavedifferentviewsonAmericancitiesC.manypeoplearenowmovingfromAmericancitiesD.thepopulationisdecreasinginolderAmericancities130\n（2022高考英语湖南卷C）PeoplefromEastAsiatendtohavemoredifficultythanthosefromEuropeindistinguishingfacialexpressions—andanewreportpublishedonlineinCurrentBiologyexplainswhy.RachaelJack,UniversityofGlasgowresearcher,saidthatratherthanscanningevenly(均匀的)acrossafaceasWesternersdo,Easternersfixtheirattentionontheeyes."WeshowthatEasternersandWesternerslookatdifferentfacefeaturestoreadfacialexpressions,"Jacksaid."Westernerslookattheeyesandthemouthinequalmeasure,whereasEasternersfavortheeyesandneglect(忽略)themouth."AccordingtoJackandhercolleagues,thediscoveryshowsthathumancommunicationofemotionismorecomplexthanpreviouslybelieved.Asaresult,facialexpressionsthathadbeenconsidereduniversallyrecognizablecannotbeusedtoreliablyconveyemotionincross-culturalsituations.Theresearchersstudiedculturaldifferencesintherecognitionoffacialexpressionsbyrecordingtheeyemovementsof13WesternCaucasianand13EastAsianpeoplewhiletheyobservedpicturesof.expressivefacesandputthemintocategories:happy,sad,surprised,fearful,disgusted,angry,orneutral.Theycomparedhowaccuratelyparticipantsreadthosefacialexpressionsusingtheirparticulareyemovementstrategies.ItturnedoutthatEasternersfocusedmuchgreaterattentionontheeyesandmadesignificantlymoreerrorsthandidWesterners."Theculturaldifferenceineyemovementsthattheyshowisprobablyareflectionofculturaldifferenceinfacialexpressions,"Jacksaid."OurdatasuggestthatwhereasWesternersusethewholefacetoconveyemotion,Easternersusetheeyesmoreandmouthless."Inshort,thedatashowthatfacialexpressionsarenotuniversalsignalsofhumanemotion.Fromhereon,examininghowculturalfactorshavediversifiedthesebasicsocialskillswillhelpourunderstandingofhumanemotion.Otherwise,whenitcomestocommunicatingemotionsacrosscultures,EasternersandWesternerswillfindthemselveslostintranslation.66.ThediscoveryshowsthatWesterners.A.payequalattentiontotheeyesandthemouth130\nB.considerfacialexpressionsuniversallyreliableC.observetheeyesandthemouthindifferentwaysD.havemoredifficultyinrecognizingfacialexpressions67.Whatwerethepeopleaskedtodointhestudy?A.Tomakeafaceateachother.B.Togettheirfacesimpressive.C.Toclassifysomefacepictures.D.Toobservetheresearchers'faces.68.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"they"inParagraph6referto?A.Theparticipantsinthestudy.B.Theresearchersofthestudy.C.Theerrorsmadeduringthestudy.D.Thedatacollectedfromthestudy.69.IncomparisonwithWesterners,Easternersarelikelyto.A.dotranslationmoresuccessfullyB.studythemouthmorefrequentlyC.examinetheeyesmoreattentivelyD.readfacialexpressionsmorecorrectly70.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheEyeastheWindowtotheSoulB.CulturalDifferencesinReadingEmotionsC.EffectiveMethodstoDevelopSocialSkillsD.HowtoIncreaseCross-culturalUnderstanding（2022高考英语湖北卷C）Theywearthelatestfashionswiththemostup-to-date130\naccessories(配饰).Yetthesearenotgirlsintheirteensortwentiesbutwomenintheirsixtiesandseventies.Agenerationwhichwouldonceonlywearold-fashionedclothesisnowfavouringthesamehighstreetlookswornbythosehalftheirage.ProfessorJuliaTwigg,asocialpolicyexpert,said,“Womenover75arenowshoppingforclothesmorefrequentlythantheydidwhentheywereyounginthe1960s.Inthe1960sbuyingacoatforawomanwasaseriousmatter.Itwasanexpensiveitemthattheywouldpurchaseonlyeverythreeorfouryears—nowyoucanpickoneupatthesupermarketwheneveryouwishto.Fashionisalotcheaperandpeoplegettiredofthingsmorequickly.”ProfessorTwigganalysedfamilyexpenditure(支出)dataandfoundthatwhilethepercentageofspendingonclothesandshoesbywomenhadstayedaroundthesame—at5or6percentofspending—theamountofclothesboughthadrisensharply.Theprofessorsaid,“Clothesarenow70percentcheaperthantheywereinthe1960sbecauseofthehugeexpansionofproductionintheFarEast.Inthe1960sLeedswastheheartoftheBritishfashionindustryandthatwaswheremostoftheclothescamefrom,butnowalmostallofourclothesaresourcedelsewhere.Everyoneisbuyingmoreclothesbutingeneralwearenotspendingmoremoneyonthem.”FashiondesignerAngelaBarnard,whorunsherownfashionbusinessinLondon,saidolderwomenweremuchmoreaffectedbycelebrity(名流)stylethaninpreviousyears.Shesaid,“WhenpeopleseestarssuchasJudiDenchandHelenMirrenlookingattractiveandfashionableintheirsixties,theywanttofollowthem.Olderwomenaremuchmoreawareofcelebrities.There’salsotheboominTVprogrammesshowingpeoplehowtheycanchangetheirlook,andmanyofmyoldercustomersdoyogatostayinshapewellintheirfifties.WhenIstartedmybusinessafewyearsago,myoldercustomerstendedtobeveryrich,butnowtheyarewhatIwouldcallordinarywomen.Myownmotheris61andshewearsthelatestfashionsinawayshewouldneverhavedonetenyearsago.”59.ProfessorTwiggfoundthat,comparedwiththe1960s,_________________.A.thepriceofclotheshasgenerallyfallenby70%B.thespendingonclotheshasincreasedby5%or6%C.peoplespend30%lessthantheydidonclothesD.theamountofclothesboughthasrisenby5%or6%60.Whatcanwelearnaboutoldwomenintempsoffashion’?A.Theyareoftenignoredbyfashiondesigners.B.Theyarenowmoreeasilyinfluencedbystars.C.Theyareregardedaspioneersinthelatestfashion.D.Theyaremoreinterestedinclothesbecauseoftheiroldage.61.Itcanbeconcludedthatoldwomentendtowearthelatestfashionstodaymainlybecause_______________.A.theygettiredofthingsmorequicklyB.TVshowsteachthemhowtochangetheirlookC.theyareinmuchbettershapenow130\nD.clothesaremuchcheaperthanbefore62.Whichisthebestpossibletitleofthepassage?A.AgeIsNoBarrierforFashionFansB.TheMoreFashionable,theLessExpensiveC.UnexpectedChangesinFashionD.BoomoftheBritishFashionIndustry(2022高考英语北京卷)PacingandPausingSaratriedtobefriendheroldfriendSteve'snewwife,butBettyneverseemedtohaveanythingtosay.WhileSarafeltBettydidn'tholdupherendoftheconversation,BettycomplainedtoStevethatSaranevergaveherachancetotalk.Theproblemhadtodowithexpectationsaboutpacingandpausing.Conversationisaturn-takinggame.Whenourhabitsaresimilar,there'snoproblem.Butifourhabitsaredifferent,youmaystarttotalkbeforeI'mfinishedorfailtotakeyourturnwhenI'mfinished.That'swhatwashappeningwithBettyandSara.ItmaynotbecoincidentalthatBetty,whoexpectedrelativelylongerpausesbetweenturns,isBritish,andSara,whoexpectedrelativelyshorterpauses,isAmerican.BettyoftenfeltinterruptedbySara.ButBettyherselfbecameaninterrupterandfoundherselfdoingmostofthetalkingwhenshemetavisitorfromFinland.AndSarahadahardtimecuttinginonsomespeakersfromLatinAmericaorIsrael.Thegeneralphenomenon,then,isthatthesmallconversationtechniques,likepacingandpausing,leadpeopletodrawconclusionsnotaboutconversationalstylebutaboutpersonalityandabilities.Thesehabitualdifferencesareoftenthebasisfordangerousstereotyping(思维定式).Andthesesocialphenomenacanhaveverypersonalconsequences.Forexample,awomanfromthesouthwesternpartoftheUSwenttoliveinaneasterncitytotakeupajobinpersonnel.WhenthePersonnelDepartmentgottogetherformeetings,shekeptsearchingfortherighttimetobreakin--andneverfoundit.Althoughbackhomeshewasconsideredoutgoingandconfident,inWashingtonshewasviewedasshyandretiring.Whenshewasevaluatedattheend130\noftheyear,shewastoldtotakeatrainingcoursebecauseofherinabilitytospeakup.That'swhyslightdifferencesinconversationalstyle--tinylittlethingslikemicrosecondsofpause-canhaveagreateffectonone'slife.Theresultinthiscasewasajudgmentofpsychologicalproblems---eveninthemindofthewomanherself,whoreallywonderedwhatwaswrongwithherandregisteredforassertivenesstraining.64.WhatdidSarathinkofBettywhentalkingwithher?A.Bettywastalkative.B.Bettywasaninterrupter.C.Bettydidnottakeherturn.D.BettypaidnoattentiontoSara.65.Accordingtothepassage,whoarelikelytoexpecttheshortestpausesbetweenturns?A.Americans.B.Israelis.C.TheBritish.D.TheFinns.66.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat__A.communicationbreakdownresultsfromshortpausesandfastpacingB.womenareunfavorablystereotypedineasterncitiesoftheUSC.one'sinabilitytospeakupisculturallydeterminedsometimesD.oneshouldreceivetrainingtobuildupone'sconfidence67.Theunderlinedword"assertiveness"inthelastparagraphprobablymeans__A.beingwillingtospeakone'smindB.beingabletoincreaseone'spowerC.beingreadytomakeone'sownjudgmentD.beingquicktoexpressone'sideasconfidently（2022高考英语福建卷E）IntheUnitedStates,thereweresomewell-constructedhousesfornativeIndians,rangingfromthesimplebrushsheltertothefive-storied130\npueblo.IntheeasternUnitedStates,oneoftheexistingtypeswasthatcommonlyknowundertheAlgonkiannameofwigwaminwhichtheIroquoisIndianslived.Thewigwamswereofwagon-topshapewithstraightsidesandends,madebybendingyoungtreestoformtheroundshape.OverthisshapepiecesoftreebarkwerelaidtoprotecttheIndiansfrombadweather.Overthebarkdriedgrasswasadded.Asmallholeallowedsmoketoescapefromthetop.Doorwaysateachendservedalsoaswindows,TheIroquoisIndiansbuilttrunkwallsallaroundtheirvillages.Thewallhadonlyoneopening,Theycouldquicklyclosethisopeningiftheirenemiescamenear.Interestingly,theChoctawIndiansinMississippialsolivedinawigwamofamostprimitive(原始的)construction,butdifferentfromthoseoftheIroquoisIndians.TheChoctawIndians’wigwams,madefrommud,caneandstraw,wereintheformofabee-hive.Thecoveringwasmadeofalong,toughgrass.Apostinthecentresupportedtheroof.Aholeinthetopadmittedthelight,andallowedthesmoketopassout.Thetipitent-housingoftheupperlakeandplainsareawasputupwithpolessetlightlyintheground,tiedtogethernearthetop,andcoveredwithbarkandgrassinthelakecountry.Itwaseasilyportable,andtwowomencouldsetituportakeitdownwithinanhour.ThePawnee,MandanandotherIndiantribes(部落)alongtheMissouribuiltsolidring-shapedstructuresoftrunk,coveredwithearthanddriedgrass,housingadozenfamilies.TheWichitaandothertribesoftheTexasborderbuiltlargering-shapedhousescoveredwithdriedgrass.Apartfromtheregularhousing,almosteverytribehadsomestyleofhousing.72.WhichofthefollowingpicturesshowsthehousefortheIroquoisIndians？73.Accordingtothepassage,thePawneeIndiansbuilttheirhouses_____.A.withopeningsinthetrunkwallsB.largeenoughforseveralfamiliesC.inaringshapewithbarkandmudD.bybendingyoungtreestoformthe130\nshape74.AllthenativeIndianhousesdescribedinthepassagewere_____.A.ofthesameshapeB.coveredwithgrassC.builtwithapostinthecentreD.builtwithdoorwaysateachend75.Thepassagesuggeststhat________A.allthenativeIndiansbuilttrunkwallsallaroundtheirhousesB.allthenativeIndianhouseswerebuiltwithpolestiedtogetherC.theIroquoisIndianstooksafetyintoaccountwhilebuildingtheirwigwamsD.theChoctawIndiansinMississippibuilttheirwigwamswithstraightsidesandends【答案】ABBC【解析】本文主要介绍美国一些土著印第安人的房子的特点。72．A细节理解题。根据第二段介绍的IroquoisIndians的房屋特点，结合图片可知A为正确答案。73．B细节理解题。从文章倒数第三段可知PawneeIndians建造的房子可以容纳许多家庭，故选项B为正确答案。74．B细节理解题。从文章对印第安人房屋的描述中可以发现，所有的房子都有草盖着，所以选项B正确。75．C推理判断题。从文章第二段最后几句话可知，IroquoisIndians在村庄周围建造了围墙，只留有一个出口，如果敌人靠近，就可以迅速把出口关上。显然，他们建造棚屋时把安全问题考虑了进去。选项C为答案。(2022高考英语四川卷E)Fearplaysnopartinthislatestproblem．“I’mnotafraidI'lllosemychildren．Iwon'tlosemychildren.Welivetogether,andnothing,nothing,”sherepeats,hervoicerisingwhenspeakingtoJohn'slawyer,“willstopmefrombeingwithmychildren.Alaw?Year,right.Don'tdisturbmewhenitcomestomychildren.Youarenevergoingtowin.IfJohnwantstoseethem,Icannotstophim.He'stheirfather—Iwantthemtoseehim!However,hisvisitinhispresentconditionwilldisturbthechildren'sstable(稳定的)life．”John,whohasspentmuchofhistimeinCaliforniarecently,hasonlyhiredahouseforhimselfinPennsylvania,accordingtohislawyer."Ifhe'dliketosticktoaregularlife,I'dbemorethanhappytodothat，"Janesays."Thebestthingforanychildofadivorced(离婚的)parentisastablelife.Iwantnothingmorethanforhimtosetupastablelifeforhimself,sothathecanbepartofmakingourchildren'slivesmorestable."Whilemattersofmoneyandcarewon'tbesettledforweeks,Janehardlyputsherlifeonhold.LastweektheABCnetworkannouncedthatJanewouldreturnwithherownshow,TwistofJane,inwhichshegivesadvicetoothermoms．JaneandhereightchildrenwillalsoreturntoABCinaseriesofJanePlus8specialsshowingthemonvariousadventures．It’sarestforJane．whoinsiststhatsheneedshernew，busylifetoprovideforherfamily．“Ihavetoleadsuchalife．andI’mthankfulthatI’vebuiltittothetopwherenowIcansupportmychildren．”shesays．Andwhetherabellicose(好斗的)dancejudgeorabellicoseformerwife，Janeplanstokeep0nfacingattacksonher．“Somepeopletrytoknockmedown—only130\ntomakememorefierce，moreprotective，moredeterminedtodobetter，”shesays．“Goahead，takemeon．Thiswilljustmakemestronger．”57.AccordingtoJaneinthefirstparagraph，thelowA.can’ttakeherchildrenawayfromherB.can’tdoanythingwiththecaseC.willbestsettletheproblemD.willdisturbherchildren58.Whatdoes“todothat”refertointhesecondparagraph?A.TolivewithJohn．B．TohireahouseforJohn．C．ToallowJohntoseethechildrenD．ToaskJohntosetuparegularlife.59.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthethirdparagraphmean?A．Jane’slifeisverydifficult．B．Janecontinuestoliveasusual．C．Janealmostcan’tcontrolherlireD．Janeworksveryhardtoliveahappylife．60.WhichwordcanbestdescribeJane?A.Proud．B．Fierce．C．Determined．D．Independent【答案】ACBC【解析】文章讲述了一个离婚女人坚强、独立的生活态度。（2022高考英语江苏卷A）Usually,whenyourteacherasksaquestion,thereisonlyonecorrectanswer.Butthereisonequestionthathasmillionsofcurrentanswers.Thatquestionis“What’syourname?”Everyonegivesadifferentanswer,buteveryoneiscorrect.Haveyoueverwonderedaboutpeople’snames?Wheredotheycomefrom?Whatdotheymean?130\nPeople’sfirstnames,orgivennames,arechosenbytheirparents.Sometimesthenameofagrandparentorothermemberofthefamilyisused.Someparentschoosethenameofawell-knownperson.AboycouldbenamedGeorgeWashingtonSmith;agirlcouldbenamedHelenKellerJones.Somepeoplegivetheirchildrennamesthatmeangoodthings.Clarameans“bright”;Beatricemeans“onewhogiveshappiness”;Donaldmeans“worldruler”;Leonardmeans“asbraveasalion”.Theearliestlastnames,orsurnames,weretakenfromplacenames.AfamilywiththenameBrookorBrooksprobablylivednearbrook(小溪)；someonewhowascalledLongstreetprobablylivedonalong,pavedroad.TheGreenwoodfamilylivedinornearaleafyforest.Otherearlysurnamescamefrompeople’soccupations.ThemostcommonoccupationalnameisSmith,whichmeansapersonwhomakesthingswithironorothermetals.Inthepast,smithswereveryimportantworkersineverytownandvillage.Someotheroccupationalnamesare:Carter—apersonwhoownedordroveacart;Potter—apersonwhomadepotsandpans.TheancestorsoftheBakerfamilyprobablybakedbreadfortheirneighborsintheirnativevillage.TheCarpenter’sgreat-great-great-grandfatherprobablybuilthousesandfurniture.Sometimespeoplewereknownforthecoloroftheirhairorskin,ortheirsize,ortheirspecialabilities.WhenthereweretwomenwhowerenamedJohninthesamevillage,theJohnwiththegrayhairprobablybecameJohnGray.OrtheJohnwasverytallcouldcallhimselfJohnTallman.JohnFishwasprobablyanexcellentswimmerandJohnLightfootwasprobablyafastrunneroragooddancer.Somefamilynamesweremadebyaddingsomethingtothefather’sname.English-speakingpeopleadded–sor–son.TheJohnsonsaredescendantsofJohn;theRobertsfamily’sancestorwasRobert.IrishandScottishpeopleaddedMacorMcorO.PerhapsalloftheMacDonnellsandtheMcDonnellsandtheO’DonnellsaredescendantsofthesameDonnell.56.WhichofthefollowingaspectsdothesurnamesinthepassageNOTcover?A.Placeswherepeoplelived.B.People’scharacters.C.Talentsthatpeoplepossessed.D.People’soccupations.57.Accordingtothepassage,theancestorsofthePotterfamilymostprobably_______.A.ownedordroveacartB.madethingswithmetalsC.madekitchentoolsorcontainsD.builthousesandfurniture58.SupposeandEnglishcouplewhoseancestorslivednearaleafyforestwantedtheirnew-bornsontobecomeaworldleader,thebabymightbenamed_______.A.BeatriceSmithB.LeonardCarterC.GeorgeLongstreetD.DonaldGreenwood59.Theunderlinedword“descendants”inthelastparagraphmeansaperson’s_____A.latergenerationsB.friendsandrelativesC.colleaguesandpartnersD.latersponsors【答案】BCDA130\n【解析】“姓名的由来源远流长，寓意丰富。外国人的姓名更是妙趣横生，让人忍俊不禁。相信这篇融知识性和趣味性于一体的文章，一定会给你带来全新的感受。56．B细节理解题。第五至八段从住所、职业和特殊能力方面叙述了与姓氏相关的内容j姓氏与人们的性格的关系文章中没有内容体现。57．C推理判断题。第六段最后提到姓氏是Potter的人可能制作锅、盘之类的东西，再结合第七段的内容可推测这种姓氏的祖先很可能制作厨房用具或容器。58．D推理判断题。根据文中倒数第二段可知一些人取名特征而来，比如灰头发的取名为JohnGray.高个子的人取名为JohnTallman.可推断出居住在森林旁边的人取名为DonaldGreenwood。可推断D项正确。59．A猜测词义题。词义猜测题。根据最后一段Somefamilynamesweremadebyaddingsomethingtothefather’sname.可推知TheJohnsonsaredescendantsofJohn中的descendants指的是后代。（2022高考英语辽宁卷B）Ihateddinnerparties.ButIdecidedtogivethemanothershotbecauseI’minLondonAndmyfriendMalleryinvitedme.AndbecausedinnerpartiesinLondonareverydifferentfromthosebackinNewYork.There,‘Tinhavingadinnerparty’means:“I’mbookingatablefor12atarestaurantyoucan’taffordandwe’llbesharingthechequeevenly,nomatterwhatyoueat.”Worse,inManhattanthereisalwayssomeonewholeavesbeforethebillarrives.They’llthrowdowncash,halfofwhattheyowe,andthenpeoplelikeme,whodon’tdrink,enduppayingevenmore.ButifItrytotreethesametrick,thehostesswillshout:“Whereareyougoing?”Andit’snotlikeIcansayIhavesomewheretogo:everyoneknowshavenowheretogo.ButinLondon,dinnerpartiesareinpeople’shomes.Notonlythat,theguestsareinterestingmix.ThelasttimeIwenttoone,theguestswerefromFrance,India.DenmarkandNigeria;itwaslikeagatheringattheUnitedNations.InNewYork,themixislessstrikingIt’slikeagatheringatBloomingdale’s,awell-knowndepartmentstore.ForNewYorkers,talkingaboutotherpartsoftheworldmeansBrooklynandQueensinNewYork.ButatMallery’s,whenIsaidthatIhadbeentoMyanmarrecently,peopleknewwhereitwas.InNewYorkpeoplewouldthinkitwasausualnewclub60.Whatdoestheword“shot”inParagraphjprobablymean?A.Choice.B.TryC.Style.D.Goal61.WhatdoesthewriterdislikemostaboutdinnerpartiesinNewYork?A.Thereisastrangemixofpeople.B.Therestaurantsareexpensive.C.Thebillisnotfairlyshared.D.Peoplehavetopaycash62.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthepartiesinLondon?A.AbitunusualB.Fulloftricks.C.Lesscostly.D.Moveinteresting.63.Whatistheauthor’sopinionofsomeNewYorkersfromherexperience?A.Easy-going.B.Self-centred.C.Generous.D.Conservative.130\n（2022高考英语辽宁卷C）ToomuchTV-watchingcanharmchildren’sabilitytolearnandevenreducetheirchancesofgettingacollegedegree,newstudiessuggestinthelatestA.Poorlymotivated26-year-oldswatchmoreTV.130\nB.HabitsofTVwatchingreducelearninginterestC.TVwatchingleadstolowereducationlevelsofthe15-year-olds.D.TheconnectionbetweenTVandeducationlevelsisdifficulttoexplain66.Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Moretimeshouldbespentoncomputers.B.ChildrenshouldbeforbiddenfromwatchingTV.C.IVsetsshouldn’tbeallowedinchildren’sbedrooms,D.Furtherstudiesonhigh-achievingstudentsshouldbedone67.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?A.ComputersorTelevisionBEffectsofTelevisiononChildrenC.StudiesonTVandCollegeEducationD.TelevisionandChildren’sLearningHabits【答案】ADCB【解析】近来，一些新的研究表明，看电视太多影响孩子学习的能力，降低上大学的几率。不断的研究还发现了孩子的卧室不应该放置电视。64．A推理判断题。根据文章的第二段的第二句可知，卧室有电视机的那些孩子比卧室没有电视的那些孩子的在语言艺术学和数学方面的成绩要低8分，由此可推断很可能是看电视影响了他们的成绩。答案为A。65．D推理判断题。第三段主要介绍了在新西兰对1000个成年人进行调查的结果，结果显示，青少年时代看电视多的人受教育的程度较低。最后一句表明这项研究并未证明是看电视导致他们学历低，也并不排除是因为这些青年人缺乏动力而看太多电视的原因。因此答案为D。66．C细节理解题。根据文章最后两段，尤其是文章最后一句可知，加利福尼亚的研究表明，卧室有电视机的孩子成绩最差，卧室有电脑的而没有电视机的孩子成绩最好。67．B主旨大意题。文章的第一段告诉我们本文是关于电视对儿童的影响的研究结果。全文围绕这一话题展开，故答案为B。（2022高考英语重庆卷C）Itishardlysurprisingthatclothingmanufacturers(生产商)followcertainuniformstandardsforvariousfeatures(特征)ofclothes.Whatseemsstrange,however,isthatthestandardadoptedforwomenistheoppositeoftheoneformen.Takealookatthewayyourclothesbutton.Men’sclothestendtobuttonfromtheright,andwomen’sformtheleft.Consideringmostoftheword’spopulation----menandwomen----areright-handed,themen’sstandardwouldappeartomakemoresenseforwomen.Sowhydowomen’sclothesbuttonfromtheleft?Historyreallyseemstomatterhere.Buttonsfirstappearedonlyontheclothesoftherichinthe17thcentury,whenrichwomenweredressedbyservants.Forthemostlyright-handedservants,havingwomen’sshirtsbuttonfromtheleftwouldbeeasier.Ontheotherhand,havingmen’sshirtsbuttonformtherightmadesense,too.Mostmendressedthemselves,andasworddrawnfromtheleftwiththerighthandwouldbelesslikelytogetcaughtintheshirt.Todaywomenareseldomdressedbyservants,butbuttoningformtheleftisstillthestandardforthem.Isitinteresting?Actually,astandard,onceset,resistschange.Atatimewhenallwomen’sshirtsbuttonedformtheleft,itwouldhavebeenriskyforanysinglemanufacturertoofferwomen’sshirtsthatbuttonedfrom130\ntheright.Afterall,womenhadgrownsousedtoshirtswhichbuttonedfromtheleftandwouldhavetodevelopnewhabitsandskillstoswitch.Besides,somewomenmighthavefounditsociallyawkwardtoappearinpublicwearingshirtsthatbuttonedfromtheright,sinceanyonewhonoticedthatwouldbelievetheywerewearingmen’sshirts.64.Whatissurprisingaboutthestandardoftheclothingindustry?A.Ithasbeenfollowedbytheindustryforover400years.B.Itisdifferentformen’sclothingandwomen’s.C.Itwoksbetterwithmenthanwithwomen.D.Itfailstoconsiderright-handedpeople.65.Whatdoweknowabouttherichmeninthe17thcentury?A.Theytendedtowearclotheswithoutbuttons.B.Theywereinterestedinthehistoricalmatters.C.Theyweremostlydressedbyservants.D.Theydrewtheirswordsfromtheleft.66.Women’sclothesstillbuttonfromthelefttodaybecause.A.adoptingmen’sstyleisimproperforwomenB.manufacturersshouldfollowstandardsC.modernwomendressthemselvesD.customsarehardtochange67.Thepassageismainlydevelopedby.A.analyzingcausesB.makingcomparisonsC.examiningdifferencesD.followingthetimeorder（2022高考英语重庆卷B）Love,success,happiness,familyandfreedom----howimportantarethesevaluestoyou?Hereisoneinterviewwhichexploresthefundamentalquestionsinlife.Question:Couldyouintroduceyourselffirst?Answer:MynameisMisbah,27yearsold.Iwasborninawar-tornarea.RightnowI’mawebdesigner.Q:Whatareyourgreatmemories?A:Myparentsusedtotakeustohuntbirds,climbtrees,andplayinthefields.Formeitwaslikeaholidaybecauseweweregoingtohavefunalldaylong.Thosearemygreatmemories.Q:Doesyourchildhoodmeanalottoyou?130\nA:Yes.Aslifewasveryhard,Iusedtoworktohelpbringmoneyinforthefamily.Ispentmychildhoodworking,withresponsibilitiesbeyondmyage.However,ittaughtmetodealwithproblemsallalone.Ilearnttobeindependent.Q:Whatchangeswouldyouliketomakeinyourlife?A:IfIcouldchangesomethinginmylife,I’dchangeitsothatmychildhoodcouldhavetakenplaceinanotherarea.Iwouldhavelovedtolivewithmyfamilyinfreedom.Whocareswhetherwehavemuchmoney,orwhetherwehaveabeautifulhouse?Itdoesn’tmatteraslongasIcanlivewithmyfamilyandwearesafe.Q:Howdoyourgetalongwithyourparents?A:MyparentssupportedmeuntilIcameofage.IwanttogivebackwhatI’vegot.That’sourway.ButIamworkinginanothercity.Myonlycontactwithmyparentsnowisthroughthephone,butIhateusingit.Itfilters(过滤)outyouremotionandleavesyourvoiceonly.Mydeepestfeelingsshouldbepassedthroughsight,hearingandtouch.60.InMisbah’schildhood,.A.hewasfreefromworryB.helikedlivinginthecountrysideC.hewasfondofgettingclosetonatureD.heoftenspentholidayswithhisfamily61.WhatdidMisbahdesiremostinhischildhood?A.Acolorfullife.B.Abeautifulhouse.C.Peaceandfreedom.D.Moneyforhisfamily.62.HowwouldMisbahprefertocommunicatewithhisparents?A.BychattingontheInternet.B.Bycallingthemsometimes.C.Bypayingweeklyvisits.D.Bywritingthemletters.63.Iftherewereonlyonequestionleft,whatwoulditmostprobablybe?A.Whatwasyourchildhooddream?B.Whatisyourbiggestachievement?C.Whatisyourparents’viewofyou?D.Whatwasyourhardestexperienceinthewar?E（2022高考英语大纲全国I卷）Thereweresmilingchildrenalltheway.Charilytheyknewatwhattimethetrainpassedtheirhomesandtheymadeittheirbusinesstostandalongtherailway,130\nwavetocompletestrangersandcheerthemupastheyrushedtowardsPenang.Oftenwholefamiliesstoodoutsidetheirhomesandwavedandsmiledasifthoseonthetrainsweretheirfavoriterelatives.ThisisthesimplevillagepeopleofMalaysia.Iwasmoved.IhadalwaystraveledtoMalaysiabyplaneorcar,sothiswasthefirsttimeIwasonatrain.Ididnotparticularlyrelishthelongtrainjourneyandhadbroughtalongadozenmagazinestoreadandreread.Ilookedaboutthetrain.Therewasnotonefamiliarface.IsighedandsatdowntoreadmyEconomics.ItwasnotlongbeforethetrainwasacrosstheCausewayandinMalaysia.JohoreBaruwasjustanothercitylikeSingapore,soIwastiredoflookingatthecrowdsofpeopleastheyhurriedpast.Aswewentbeyondthecity,Iwatchedthestraightrowsofrubbertreesandmilesandmilesofgreen.Thenthefirstvillagecameintosight,ImmediatelyIcamealive;Idecidedtowavehack.Fromthenonmyjourneybecameinteresting.IthrewmymagazinesintothewastebasketanddecidedtojoininMalaysianlife.Theneverythingcamealive.Themountainsseemedtospeaktome.Eventhetreesweresmiling.IstaredateverythingasifIwaslookingatitforthefirsttime.ThedaypassedfastandIevenforgottohavemylunchuntilIfelthungry.Ilookedatmywatchandwassurprisedthatitwas3:00pm.SoonthetrainpulledupatButterworth.Ilookedatthepeopleallaroundme.Theyalllookedbeautiful.Whenmyunclearrivedwithasmile,Ithrewmyarmsaroundhimtogivehimawarmhug(拥抱).Ihadneverdonethisbefore.Heseemedsurprisedandthenhisweather-beatenfacewarmedupwithahugesmile.Wewalkedarminarmtohiscar.Ilookedforwardtothereturnjourney.71.TheauthorexpectedthetraintriptobeA.adventurousB.pleasantC.excitingD.dull72.Whatdidtheauthorremembermostfondlyofhertraintrip?A.Thefriendlycountrypeople.B.Themountainsalongtheway.C.Thecrowdsofpeopleinthestreets.D.Thesimplelunchservedonthetrain.73.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbesttaketheplaceoftheword"relish"inthesecondparagraph?A.chooseB.enjoyC.prepareforD.carryon74.Wherewasthewritergoing?A.JohoreBaru.B.TheCauseway.C.Butterworth.130\nD.Singapore.75.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A.Comfortintravelingbytrain.B.Pleasureoflivinginthecountry.C.Readinggivespeopledelight.D.Smilesbrightenpeopleup.【文章大意】文章由作者从火车窗外见到的孩子们的笑容讲起，讲述了自己乘坐火车时所见到的纯朴村民的生活，正因为此，作者很长的旅程竟然很快渡过。71.答案D【解析】细节推断题。根据第二段第二句中提到旅程很长，所以买了很多的杂志来打发时间，最后一句中“Isighed”可以推断出作者觉得路途枯燥，故dull“无趣的”，符合题意。A项“喜欢冒险的”；B项“令人愉快的”；C项“兴奋的”。72.答案A【解析】细节推断题。根据首段中对马来西亚纯朴农民的描述可知作者字里行间透露出对这里人民的喜欢，第一句“Thereweresmilingchildrenalltheway.”和段末“Iwasmoved.”都可知A项符合题意。73.答案B【解析】词义推测题。根据此段第一句可知作者通常是乘飞机或汽车，这是第一次做火车。再根据此句中“thelongtrainjourney”和“broughtalongadozenmagazines”可知作者并不喜欢，故买了很多书来打发时间，即B项正确。A项“选择”；C项“准备”；D项“继续”。74.答案C【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段第三句“SoonthetrainpulledupatButterworth”可知C项正确。75.答案D【解析】主旨归纳题。文章开头由一路上所见到的孩子们的笑容讲起作者火车上所见到的窗外纯朴村民的生活，正因为此，很长的旅程竟然很快就渡过，所以D项正确。（2022高考英语大纲全国II卷B）Whenyou'relyingonthewhitesandsoftheMexicanRiviera,thestresses(压力)oftheworldseemamillionmilesaway.Hey.stop!Thisisnovacation-yonhavetofinishsomething!Hereliestheproblemfattravelwriterandfoodcritic(评论家)EdieJarolim."Ialwayslovedtravelingandalwayslikedtoeat,butitneveroccurredtomethatIcouldmakemoneydoingbothofthosethings."Jarolimsaid.Nowyoucanreadhertraveladviceeverywhere-inArtsandAntiques.inBrides.orinoneofherthreebooks.TheCompleteIdiotTravelGuidetoMexico'sBeachResorts.HerjobintravelwritingbeganSomeeightyearsago.AftergettingaPhDinEnglishinCanada.shetookatestforFrommer'stravelguides,passedit,andgotthejob.AfterworkingatFrommer's,JarolimworkedforawhileatRoughGuides130\ninLondon,thenFodor's,whereshefellsoinlovewithadescriptionoftheSouthwestoftheU.S.thatshemovedthere.Nowasatravelwriter,shespendsone-thirdofheryearontheroad.TherestofthetimeisspentcompletinghertasksandwritingreviewsofrestaurantsathomeinTucson,Arizona.Asadventurousasthejobsounds,thehardpartisfact-checkingalltheinformation.Sure,it'sgreattowriteaboutatouristattraction,butyou'dbettergetthelocal(当地的)museumhourscorrectoryoucouldreallyruinsomeone'svacation.46.WhichcountrydoesJarolimhaveinnow?A.Mexico.B.TheU.S.C.TheU.KD.Canada47.WhatismostdifficultforJarolim?A.WorkingindifferentplacestocollectinformationB.Checkingallthefactstobewrittenintheguides.C.Finishingherworkassoonaspossible.D.Passingatesttowritetravelguides.48.WhatdoweknowaboutJarolimfromthetext?A.Sheissuccessfulinherjob.B.Shefindsherlifefullofstresses.C.Shespendshalfofhertimetraveling.D.Sheisespeciallyinterestedinmuseums.49.Whatwouldhethebesttitleforthetext7A.AdventuresinTravelWritingB.WorkingasaFoodCriticC.TravelGuidesontheMarketD.VacationingforaLiving【答案】BBAD【解析】本文是记叙文。文章介绍了以Jarolim为代表的旅行作家的工作情况，虽然看似享有旅行的轻松，但是对于他们来说，还有写旅行札记的任务在肩，文章以Jarolim的经历向我们介绍了旅行作家这种职业的特点。46．B细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知她如今生活在“美国”。47．B细节理解题。根据第五段第一句后半部分中的内容可知对她而言最困难的事情是核实需要写的事实。48．A推理判断题。第二段中提到她在旅游的同时不但可以享受美食，而且能够赚钱，从她的话语中不难推断出她的工作很成功。49．D标题归纳题。作为旅游作家，她在享受假期的同时也找到了谋生之路，所以D项最能概括文章大意，而且非常新颖。（2022高考英语大纲全国II卷C）ThousandsofpeoplelivingintheChinesecapitalwillcelebratethestartoftheChineseNewyearbyheadingfortheskiresorts(滑雪场).NevermindthatBeijing'sdryweatherseldomproducessnow.Itiscoldenoughinwinterforsnow-makingmachinestomakeacoveringforthehillsnorthtothecapital.Andtherapidgrowthofapleasure-seekingmiddleclass130\nhasformedthebasisforthisnewcraze(热潮）SinceBeijing'sfirstskiresortwasopenedtenyearsago,thesporthasenjoyedastonishingincrease.Therearenowmorethanadozenresorts.Clothesmarketsinthecityhaveaddedbrightcoloredskisuitstotheirwintercollections.Mr.Wei,amanagerofanewly-openedskiresortinBeijing,seesthegrowthofanindustrythatcouldsoonleadChinesetoheadfortheskiresortsofEurope,InrecentyearsskiresortsofferingnaturalsnowhaveopenedinChina.Butmanyareinfarawayareasofthecountryandcan'treallymatchtheequipmentandservicesofsomeskiresortsinEurope.Beijing'sskiingcrazeispartlyaresultoftherecentincreaseinprivate(私有的)cars.ThishasledtothegrowthofaIeisureindustryinthecapital'ssuburbs(郊区),whichuntilthelate-1990swereunreachabletoordinarypeople,AccordingtoMr,Wei,about40%ofthevisitorstohisresortcomeintheirowncars.Therestarebusedinbyschools,businessesorgovernmentOffices.Theproblemismakingmoney.Startingskiresortsrequiresquitealotofmoney;hiringlandfromthelocalgovernment,preparingthehills,buyingsnowmachines,makingsurethereareenoughwaterandelectricitytorunthem,andbuyingskiequipmentforhiringouttocustomers.TheskiresortwhereMr.Weiworkscostnearly$4mtosetup.And.assoofteninChinawhensomeonecomesupwithagoodidea,manyothershashinandpricewarsbreakout.Beijingnowofferssomeofthecheapestskitrainingclassesintheworld,thoughwithmostpeoplerathernewtothesport,expectingafewmoredoingthesamejob.50.Whatdoesthistextmainlytalkabout?A.Convenienceforskiersbroughtaboutbyprivatecars.B.Skiingasanewwayofenjoyingone'ssparetime.C.Thingstobeconsideredwhenstartingaskiresort.D.AsuddenincreaseofskitrainingclassesinBeijing.51.WhyaresomeChineselikelytogoskiinginEurope?A.Tovisitmoreskiareas.B.Toskionnaturalsnow.C.Foralargecollectionofskisuits.D.Forbetterservicesandequipment.52.Theunderlinedwords"leisureindustry"inParagraph3referto-A.transporttoskiresortsB.productionoffamilycarsC.businessofprovidingsparetimeenjoymentsDpart-timeworkforpeoplelivinginthesuburbs53.Whatisthemainprobleminrunningaskiresort?A.Difficultyinhiringland.B.Lackofbusinessexperience.C.Pricewarswithotherskiresorts,D.Shortageofwaterandelectricity,130\n（2022高考英语大纲全国II卷E）Howwordscameintobeingisunknown.Allweassume（推测）isthatsomeearlymeninventedcertainsounds,inonewayoranother,toexpressthoughtsandfeelings,actionsandthings,sothattheycouldtalkwitheachother.Latertheyagreeduponcertainsigns,calledletters,whichcouldbeputtogethertoshowthosesounds,andwhichcouldbewrittendown.Thosesounds,whetherspokenorwritteninletters,arecalledwords.Thepowerofwords,then,liesintheirassociations-thethingstheybringuptoourminds.Wordsbecomefilledwithmeaningforusbyexperience;andthelongerwetire,themorecertainwordsbringbacktousthehappyandsadeventsofourpast;andthemorewereadandlearn,themorethenumberofwordsthatmeansomethingtousincreases.Greatwritersarethosewhonotonlyhavegreatthoughtsbutalsoexpressthesethoughtsinwordswhichhavepowerfuleffectsonourmindsandfeelings.Thiscleveruseofwordsiswhatwecallliterarystyle（文体）.Aboveall,therealpoetisamasterofwords.Hecanexpresshismeaninginwordswhichsinglikemusic,andwhichbytheirpositionandassociationcanmovementotears,Weshouldthereforelearntochooseourwordscarefullyandusethemcorrectly,ortheywillmakeourspeechsillyandcommon.58.WelearnfromthetextthatlanguagemighthavebegunwithA.expressionsB.actionsC.signsD.sounds59.WhatismainlydiscussedinParagraph2?A.Thelearningofnewwords.B.TheimportanceofoldwordsC.Therelationofhumanexperiencewithwords.D.Thegradualchangeanddevelopmentofwords.60.Inthelastparagraph,whatdoestheauthorsuggestthatweshoulddo?A.Usewordsskillfully.B.MakemusicalspeechesC.Learnpoemsbyheart.D.Associatewithlisteners.【答案】DCA【解析】尽管有种种推测，语言的形成至今仍然是一个谜。不过。语言的魅力无比神奇。如何熟练地运用语言应该成为我们每个人的追求。58．D细节理解题。根据第一段第二句前半部分中的内容可知语言可能起源于“声音”。130\n59．C主旨大意题。本段第一句话是中心句，后面都是对前面的进一步解释，因此C项正确。60．A推理判断题。最后一段先叙述了文字工作者巧妙利用文字起到的非凡效果，再结合本段最后一句中的内容可推测作者建议我们熟练地运用文字。【两年模拟】11、12名校模拟题及其答案2022名校模拟【2022丹东市四校协作体摸底】AWheredomostwritersgettheirideas?ForYoshikoUchida,itallbeganwithBrownie,afive-month-oldpuppy.SoexcitedwasYoshikobyBrownie’sarrivalthatshestartedkeepingajournal,writingaboutallthewonderfulthingsBrowniedidandtheprogresshemade.Soonshewaswritingaboutothermemorableeventsinherlife,too,likethedayherfamilygottheirfirstrefrigerator.Shealsobeganwritingstories,thankstooneofherteachers.YoshikowrotestoriesaboutanimalcharacterssuchasJimmyChipmunkandWillietheSquirrel.Shekeptonwriting,sharingthekitchentablewithhermother,whowrotepoemsonscrapsofpaperandthebacksofenvelopes.Yoshikogrewupinthe1930sinBerkeley,California.Herparents,bothofwhomhadbeenborninJapan,providedalovingandhappyhomeforYoshikoandhersister.TheyalsoprovidedastreamofvisitorstotheirhomewholaterfoundtheirwayintoYoshiko’sstories.OnevisitorwholaterappearedinseveralofYoshiko’sstorieswasthebad-temperedMr.Toga,wholivedabovethechurchthatherfamilyattended.Mr.Togawouldscoldanyonewhodispleasedhim.Thechildrenallfearedhimandlovedtotellstoriesabouthowmeanhewasandhowhisfalseteethrattled(咯咯响)whenhetalked.Yoshikoalsoincludedinherstoriessomeoftheplacesshevisitedandtheexperiencesshehad.Oneofherfavoriteplaceswasafarmherparentstookhertoonesummer.Theownersofthefarm,showedYoshikoandhersisterhowtopumpwaterfromthewellandhowtogathereggsinthehenhouse.TheyfedthemulesthatlaterpulledawagonloadedwithhaywhileYoshikoandtheothersrodeintheback,staringupatthestarsshininginthenightsky.Yoshiko,wholivedinthecity,hadneverseensuchasight.AsYoshikogazedupatthestars,shewasfilledwithhopeandexcitementaboutherlife.Theimagesofthathayridestayedwithherlongafterthesummervisitended,andsheusedtheminseveralofherstories.TheexperiencesYoshikohadandtheparadeofpeoplewhomarchedthroughheryounglifebecameapartoftheworldshecreatedinovertwentybooksforyoungpeople,suchasTheBestBadThingandAJarofDreams.Becauseofsuchbooks,wecanallsharejustalittlebitoftheworldandthetimesinwhichthisgreatwritergrewup.36.TheauthortellsaboutMr.Toga’sfalseteethinParagraph3inorderto____________.A.showhealthcarewasnotgoodenoughinBerkeleyduringthe1930s130\nB.provideaninterestingdetailinYoshiko’slifeandstoriesC.showYoshiko’syounglifewasdifficultandfrighteningD.tellaboutabelovedrelativewhohelpedYoshikolearnhowtowrite【答案】B38.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraphmean?A.Yoshikolovedtowriteaboutparades.B.Yoshikometmanyinterestingpeople.C.Yoshikolikedtogoforlongwalkswithothers.D.Yoshikopreferredtotalktoherpetsinsteadoftopeople.【答案】B【解析】考查推测句子的含义。根据becameapartoftheworldshecreatedinovertwentybooksforyoungpeople,可知B正确。39.Whatisthemainideaofthisstory?A.Peoplewholiveinthecityshouldspendasmuchtimeastheycaninthecountry.B.WriterslikeYoshikoUchidamustcommunicatewithasmanywritersaspossible.C.ThosewhomovetotheUnitedStatesoftenmisstheirhomelandsformanyyears.D.WriterslikeYoshikoUchidalooktotherichnessoftheirlivesformaterial.【答案】D【解析】考查主旨、要义。根据文章的第一句话Wheredomostwritersgettheirideas?及全文的内容可知D正确。【2022丹东市四校协作体摸底】CToday,almosteveryonehasheardofHarryPotter.ThebooksdetailinghisexperiencesatHogwartsSchoolofWitchcraftandWizardryhavearousedpassion,creativity,andinterestinreading throughoutthe world.Buthaveyoueverconsideredwhyyouareafanofthe HarryPotter series?JKRowlinghascreatedalistofcharactersandanenvironmentforthemtoinhabitthatappealstobothadultsandchildren. Thefantasyaspectofthewizardingworldexpandstheimagination,andtakesthemindtonewandexcitingplaces.Anythingcouldhappenthere.Herstoriescontain130\npartsofthebelievableandunbelievable,changingthepredictabilitythatreaderscommonlycomeacrossandbearinfiction. Themainthemeoftheseries,includinggoodversusevil,prejudice,love,death,sacrifice,friendshipandloyalty,inactualitycontributestotheever-lastingnatureofthestories. Atthesametime,thesethemesremindusofclassicliterature,offeringmaturereaderstalesthatwearlikeacomfortablepairofshoes,whileintroducingyoungerreaderstoconceptstheywillmeetthroughouttheirlives. Muchoftheappealalsocomesfromthecharacters.Ineachbook,JKRowlingintroducesanddescribesthecharactersinsuchawaythatwewondernotonlyabouttheirfutures,butalsoabouttheirpasts. Evensupportingcharactersaresuddenlymorethanjustextrasinthebackground.AndwhatofHarryPotterhimself?WecareaboutHarry,becausewewatchhimgrowfromaninnocentboytoapowerfulwizard.WeseehimasbothHeroandVictim.Heexperiencesendlessloveandextremepain,andasreaders,weexperiencethemwithhim.Thisperfectcombinationofemotion,suspenseandfantasy,togetherwiththefactthatJKRowlingisasuperbstorytelleristhereasonwhyweareHarrypotterfans.PeoplearefondofHarryPotterseries.Withbookslikethese,it’shardnottobe.46.ThethemesoftheHarryPotterseriesdonotcontain____________.A.prejudiceandloveB.goodandevilC.deathandsacrificeD.safetyandpeace130\n【2022届北京四中期中】BInBritainandothercountries,youngpeoplesometimestakeagapyear,ayearoffbetweenhighschoolandcollege.ThisideanevergainedabigfollowinginAmerica.Recentnewsreportshavesuggestedthatinterestmaybegrowing,thoughtherearenoofficialnumbers.CharlesDeacon,DeanofAdmissionsatGeorgetownUniversityinWashington,DCestimatethatinthecurrentfirst-yearclassof1600students,onlyabout25decidedtotakeayearoff.Hesaysthisnumberhasn’tchangedmuchovertheyears.Mr.Deaconsaysthemostcommonreasonfortakingagapyearistohaveachancetotravel,buthesaysinernationalstudentsmaytakeagapyeartomeetrequirementsathomeformilitaryduty.Somehighschoolgraduatesseeayearoffasachancetorecoveraftertwelveyearsofrequirededucation,butitcanalsogivestudentsachancetoexploretheirinterests.Studentshopingtobedoctors,forexample,couldlearnabouttheprofessionbyvolunteeringinahospital.Manycollegesanduniversitiessupportgap-yearprojectsbypermittingstudentstodelaytheiradmission.Expertssaystudentscangrowemotionallyandintellectuallyastheyworkatsomethingtheyenjoy.TheHarvardadmissionsofficehasanessayonitsWebsitecalled“TimeOutorBurnOutfortheNextGeneration.”Itpraisestheideaoftakingtimeofftostepback,thinkandenjoygaininglifeexperiencesoutsidethepressureofstudies.ItalsonotesthatstudentsaresometimesadmittedtoHarvardorothercollegespartlybecausetheydidsomethingunusualwiththattime.Ofcouse,agapyearisnotforeveryone.Studentsmightmisstheirfriendswhogoondirectlytocollege,andparentsmightworrythattheirchildrenwilldecidenottogotocollegeoncetheytaketimeoff.Anotherconcernismoney.Ayearoff,awayfromhome,canbecostly.HollyBull’sjobistospecializeinhelpingstudentsplantheirgapyear.Shenotesthatseveralbookshavebeenwrittenaboutthissubject.ShesaysthesebooksalongwithmediaattentionandtheavailabilityofinformationontheInternethave130\nincreasedinerestintheideaofayearoff,andshepointsoutthatmanygap-yearprogramscostfarlessthanayearofcollege.60.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.IfyouwanttogotoanAmericanuniversity,takeagapyearfirst.B.MoreandmoreAmericanstudentsarechoosingtotakeayearoff.C.ItislikelythattakingagapyearisbecomingpopularinAmerica.D.Americansholddifferentopinionstowardsstudentstakingagapyear.C考查推理、判断。根据Recentnewsreportshavesuggestedthatinterestmaybegrowing,thoughtherearenoofficialnumbers.和ShesaysthesebooksalongwithmediaattentionandtheavailabilityofinformationontheInternethaveincreasedinerestintheideaofayearoff可知C正确。61.Howmanyreasonsforstudents’takingagapyeararementionedinpassage?A.2B.3C.4D.5C考查细节理解。根据文中1.haveachancetotravel2.takeagapyeartomeetrequirementsathomeformilitaryduty3.achancetorecoveraftertwelveyearsofrequirededucation4.achancetoexploretheirinterests等四种。62.Theesssay“timeoutorburnoutforthenextgeneration”suggeststhat________.A.everystudentmusttakeagapyearbeforeapplyingforafamousuniversityB.somefamousuniversitiesencouagestudentstogainmorelifeexperiencesC.takingagapyearcanmakestudentsfreefromlifelearningD.thestressofstudiesdoesharmtothestudents’healthB考查细节理解。根据Itpraisestheideaoftakingtimeofftostepback,thinkandenjoygaininglifeexperiencesoutsidethepressureofstudies可知。63.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.CharlesDeacondoesn’tsupporttheideaofthestudents’takingagapyearB.Booksandmediahavecontributedtothestudents’inerestinschoollearningC.Parentsmightdisagreewiththeprogram,concernedabouttheirchildren’sfuture.D.Expertsagreetakingayearoffwillbenefitthestudentsemotionallyandphysically.C考查推理、判断。根据parentsmightworrythattheirchildrenwilldecidenottogotocollegeoncetheytaketimeoff可知C正确。【答案】CCBC【2022届北京四中期中】CMoresurprising,perhaps,thanthecurrentdifficultiesoftraditioanalmarriageisthefactthatmarriageitselfisaliveandthriving(兴盛)。AsSkolnicknotes,Americansaremarryingpeople----relativetoEuropeans,moreofusmarryandwemarryatayoungerage.Moreover,afteradeclineintheearly1970s,therateofmarriageintheUnitedStatesisnowincreasing.Eventhedivorcerateneedstobetakeninthispro-marriagecontext:some80percentofdivorcedindividualsremarry.Thus,marriageremains,byfar,thepreferredwayoflifeforthevastmajorityofpeopleinoursociety.130\nWhathaschangedmorethanmarriageisthenuclearfamily.Twenty-fiveyearsago,thetypicalAmericanfamilyconsistedofahusband,awifeandtwoorthreechildren.Now,therearemanymarriagesinwhichcoupleshavedecidednottohaveanychildren.Andtherearemanymarriageswhereatleastsomeofthechildrenarefromthewife’spreviousmarriage,orthehusband’s,orboth.Sometimesthesechildrenspendalltheirtimewithoneparentfromtheformermarriage;sometimestheyaresharedbetweenthetwoformerspouses.Thus,onecanfindtheverytypeoffamilyarrangement.Therearemarriageswithoutchildren;marriageswithchildrenfromonlythepresentmarriage;marriageswithfulltimechildrenfromthepresentmarriageandparttimechildrenfromformermarriages.Thesearestepfathers,stepmothers,half-brothers,andhalf-sisters.Itisnotalltheunusualforachildtohavefourparentsandeightgrandparents!Thereareenormouschangesfromthetraditionalnuclearfamily.Butevenso,eveninthemidstofallthis,onethingremainsconstant:mostAmericansspendmostoftheiradultlivesmarried.64.BycallingAmericansmarryingpeopletheauthormeansthat________.A.moreofAmericans,ascomparedwithEroupeans,prefermarriageandtheyacceptitatayoungerate.B.AmericansexpectmoreoutofmarriagethanEuropeansC.therearemoremarriedcouplesinUSAthaninEuropeD.AmericansaremoretraditionalthanEuropeans.D考查推理、判断。根据Moresurprising,perhaps,thanthecurrentdifficultiesoftraditioanalmarriageisthefactthatmarriageitselfisaliveandthriving(兴盛)。AsSkolnicknotes,Americansaremarryingpeople----relativetoEuropeans,moreofusmarryandwemarryatayoungerage可知D正确。65.Whichofthefollowingcanbepresentedasthepictureoftoday’sAmericanfamilies?A.AtypicalAmericanfamilyconsistsofonlyahusbandandawife.B.Manytypesoffamilyarrangementshavebecomesociallyacceptable.C.Americansprefertohavemorekidsthanbefore.D.Therearenonuclearfamiliesanymore.B考查推理、判断。根据文章最后一段可知。66.EventhoughgreatchangeshavetakenplaceinthestructureofAmericanfamilies_______.A.thefunctionsofmarriageremainunchangedB.mostAmericanspreferasecondmarriageC.thevastmajorityofAmericansstillhavefaithinmarriageD.marriageisstillenjoyedbyallAmericans.C考查推理、判断。根据Thereareenormouschangesfromthetraditionalnuclearfamily.Butevenso,eveninthemidstofallthis,onethingremainsconstant:mostAmericansspendmostoftheiradultlivesmarried.可知C正确。【答案】DBC【2022届四川自贡二诊】BTwoyearsago,WendyHasnip,47,experiencedabraininjurythatlefther130\nspeechlessfortwoweeks.Whenshefinallyrecovered,shefoundherselftalkingwithwhatseemedtobeaFrenchaccent:"Iphonedafriendtheotherday,andshespentthefirsttenminuteslaughing,"Hasnipsaidatthetime."WhileIhavenothingagainsttheFrench.”Hasnipsufferedfromforeignaccentsyndrome（外国口音综合症),arareconditioninwhichpeoplefindthemselvesspeakingtheirownlanguageLikesomeonefromaforeigncountry.Theconditionusuallyoccursinpeoplewhohaveexperiencedaheadinjuryorastroke（中风）一asuddenlossofconsciousness,sensation,ormovementcausedbyablockedorbrokenbloodvessel（血管）inthebrain.TheconditionwasfirstidentifiedduringtheSecondWorldWarinaNorwegianwomanwhoseheadwasinjuredduringanattackbytheGermanmilitary.ThewomanrecoveredbutwasleftwithaGerman-soundingaccent,tothehorroroffellowvillagerswhoavoidedherafterthat.Researchershavediscoveredthatthecombinedeffectofthedamagetoseveralpartsofthebrainmakesvictimslengthencertainsyllables,mispronouncesounds,andchange，thenormalpitch（高音）oftheirvoice.Thosechangesinspeechadduptowhatsoundslikeaforeignaccent.Anotherresearcher,aphonetician（语音学者），saysvictimsofthesyndromedon'tacquireatrueforeignaccent.Theirstrangelychangedspeechonlyresemblestheforeign:accentwithwhichithasafewsoundsincommon.WhenanEnglishwomannamedAnnierecentlydevelopedforeignaccentsyndromeafterastroke,shespokewithwhatseemedtobeaScottishaccent.However,Annie'sScottishcoworkerssaidshedidn'tsoundatalllikeaScot.45．Accordingtothepassage;people_______mayhaveforeignaccentsyndrome.A.whoseparenthasexperiencedaheadinjuryB.whohavelivedinaforeigncountryforalongtimeC.whohavelosttheirconsciousnessowingtoastrokeD.whohavelearnedforeignlanguagefromtheircoworkersC考查细节理解。根据第二段Theconditionusuallyoccursinpeoplewhohaveexperiencedaheadinjuryorastroke（中风）一asuddenlossofconsciousness,sensation,ormovementcausedbyablockedorbrokenbloodvessel（血管）inthebrain.可知C正确。46.AllofthefollowingarethecausesofleadingtowhatsoundslikeaforeignaccentEXCEPT________.A.asoftervoiceB.changeinlengthofsyllables.C.mispronouncedsounds．D.changedpitchofvoiceA考查细节理解。根据Researchershavediscoveredthatthecombinedeffectofthedamagetoseveralpartsofthebrainmakesvictimslengthencertainsyllables,mispronouncesounds,andchange，thenormalpitch（高音）oftheirvoice.可知选A。47.Ifapersonsuffersforeignaccentsyndrome________.A.hiscoworkerswillbeafraidofhimandavoidcontactingwithhim130\nB.hehasmorechanceofsufferingstrokeagainC.hewillspeakafluentforeignlanguagelikenativespeakers’D.hisspeechonlyhasafewsoundsincommonwiththeforeignaccentD考查判断、推理。根据victimsofthesyndromedon'tacquireatrueforeignaccent.Theirstrangelychangedspeechonlyresemblestheforeign:accentwithwhichithasafewsoundsincommon.可推知。48.Writingthispassage,thewriter'smainpurposeisto_______.A.introduceforeignaccentsyndromeandsomerelatedinformationB.warnpeoplenottobeattheriskofexperiencingastrokeC.makeitclearthatforeignaccentsyndromecanbecuredD.tellastoryofaninjuredwomandiningtheSecondWorldWarA考查作者的写作意图。本文是一篇说明文，其介绍了外国口音综合症及其相关信息。【2022届皖南八校第二次联考】DTeachersusingredpenstomarkstudents’workcouldharmtheirpsycheasthecoloristooaggressive,accordingtotheeducationstrategiesdraftedbyanAnstranlianstategovernment.TheGoodMentalHealthRockskit,whichwasdistributedtoabout30schoolsinQueenslandstate,offersstrategiessuchas“Don’tmarkinredpens---useadifferentcolor.”Othertipsincludestructurinttimeforpeertutoringeveryday,apologizingtostudentswhennecessaryandaskingstudentstoconducta“personalskillsaudit”wheretheyfocusontheirstrengthsrathertheirweaknesses.Thekit,designedtohelpQueenslandteachersaddressmentalhealthproblemsintheclassroom,suggestssocialandemotionalwellbeinghasbeenlinkedtoyoungpeople’sschooling,amongotherthings.Theeducationaidhascausedsomeargumentsinthegovernment,withdeputyoppositionleaderMarkMcardlecallingit“kooky,loony,loopyleftypolicies.”ButHealthMinisterStephenRobertson,whosedepartmentdevisedthekit,saidyouthsuicidewasaseriousissue.“Ifmentalhealthprofessionalsdeterminethatasoneofanumberofstragegiesteachersshouldconsider,thenI’llsupportthemeveryday.”Hetoldreportersrecently,“Thisisnotamatterforridicule,thisisserious.”AccordingtosomeAustralianmentalhealthgroups,thegreatestnumberofpeoplewithmentalillnessareagedbetween18and24years,with14percentofAustralianchildrenandadolescentssufferingfromsomesortofillness.Boysareslightlymorelikelytoexperiencementalhealthproblemsthangirlsanddepressionisoneofthemostcommonconditionsamongyoungpeopleandincreaseduringadolescence,thewebsiteofmentalhealthgroupMindframesaid.68.Theauthorsuggeststhat________.A.teachersshouldnotmarkstudents’workinredpensB.teachersshouldnotbesoaggressivetotheirstudentsC.studentsshouldbeallowedtohelptheirclassmateseverydayD.studentsshouldbeencouragedtomarktheirclassmateseveryday130\n69.The“GoodMentalHealthRocks”kitwasdesignedto_____.A.improvestudents’healthB.developstudents’strengthsC.takecareofmentalhealthproblemsD.improveteachers’teachingstrategies70.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.ManyteenagerskillthemselveseveryyearB.TeacherswillbeforbiddentouseredpensforeverC.Differentpeopleholddifferentopinionsaboutthekit.D.Boysaremuchmoreeasilytohavementalhealthproblemsthangirls.71.What’sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.MostAustralianchildrenareinapoorstateofhealthB.AdolescentsaremucheasiertosufferfrommentalproblemsC.MoreandmoreAustralianpeoplearesufferingfromdepressionD.Boysaremuchmoreeasilytohavementalhealthproblemsthangirls68.A推理判断题。本文谈论的主题是老师不要用红笔改作业。这一观点也是作者写作的观点。【2022届山西大同学情调研】AItwasavillageinIndia．Thepeoplewerepoor．However,theywerenotunhappy．Afterall,theirforefathershadlivedinthesamewayforcenturies．Thenoneday,somevisitorsfromthecityarrived．Theytoldthevillagersthereweresomepeopleelsewherewholikedtoeatfrog'slegs．However,theydidnothaveenoughfrogsoftheirown,andsotheywantedtobuyfrogsfromotherplaces．Thisseemedlikemoneyfornothing．Thereweremillionsoffrogsinthefieldsaround,andtheywerenousetothevillagers．Alltheyhadtodowascatchthem．Agreementwasreached,andthechildrenweresentintothefieldstocatchfrogs．Everyweekatruckarrivedtocollectthecatchandhandoverthemoney．Forthefirsttime,thepeoplewereabletodreamofabetterfuture．Butthedreamdidn'tlastlong．Thechangewashardlynoticedatfirst,butitseemedasifthecropswerenotdoingsowell．Moreworryingwasthatthechildrenfellillmoreoften,and,thereseemedtobemoreinsectsaroundlately．Thevillagersdecidedthattheycouldn'tjustwaittoseethecropsfailingandthechildrengettingweak．Theywouldhavetousethemoneyearnedtobuypesticides（刹虫剂）andmedicines．Soontherewasnomoneyleft．Thenthepeoplerealizedwhatwashappening．Itwasthefrog．Theyhadn'tbeenuseless．Theyhadbeendoinganimportantjob——eatinginsects．Nowwithsomanyfrogskilled,theinsectswereincreasingmorerapidly．Theyweredamagingthecropsandspreadingdiseases．130\nNow,thepeoplearestillpoor．Butintheeveningstheysitinthevillagesquareandlistentosoundsofinsectsandfrogs．Thesesoundsofthenightnowhaveamuchdeepermeaning．36．Fromparagraph1,welearnthatthevillagers____．A．workedveryhardforcenturiesB．dreamedofhavingabetterlifeC．werepoorbutsomewhatcontent【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。第一段中有Thepeoplewerepoor.However,theywerenotunhappy.和C项意思一致。D．livedadifferentlifefromtheirforefathers37．Whydidthevillagersagreetosellfrogs?A．ThefrogswereeasymoneyB．TheyneededmoneytobuymedicineC．TheywantedtopleasethevisitorsD．Thefrogsmadetoomuchnoise【2022届山东诸城10月月考】CMostAmericanstudentsgototraditionalpublicschools．Thereareabout88,000publicschools,allovertheUS．Somestudentsattendabout3000independentpublicschoolscalledcharterschools．Charterschoolsareself-governing．Privatecompaniesoperatesomecharter130\nschools．Theyaresimilarinsomewaystotraditionalpublicschools．Theyreceivetaxmoneyjustasotherpublicschoolsdo．Charterschoolsmustprovetolocalorstategovernmentsthattheirstudentsarelearning．Thesegovernmentsprovidetheschoolswiththeagreementcalledacharterthatpermitsthemtooperate．Charterschoolsaredifferentbecausetheydonothavetoobeymostlawsgoverningtraditionalpublicschools．Local,state,orfederalgovernmentscannottellthemwhattoteach．Eachschoolcanchooseitsowngoalsanddecidethewaysitwantstoreachthem．Classsizeisusuallysmallerthanintraditionalpublicschools．TheBushAdministrationstronglysupportscharterschoolsasawaytore-organizepublicschoolsthatarefailingtoeducatestudents．Butsomeeducationagenciesandunionsopposecharterschools．Oneteachers'unionhasjustmadepublictheresultsofthefirstnationalstudycomparingtheprogressofstudentsintraditionalschoolsandcharterschools．TheAmericanFederationofTeacherscriticizedthegovernment'sdelayinreleasingtheresultsofthestudy,whichiscalledtheNationalAssessmentofEducationalProgress．Unioneducationexpertssaythestudyshowsthatcharterschoolstudentsperformedworseonmathandreadingteststhanstudentsinregularpublicschools．Someexpertssaythestudyisnotafairlookatcharterschoolsbecausestudentsinthoseschoolshavemoreproblemsthanstudentsintraditionalschools．Othereducationexpertssaythestudyresultsshouldmakecharterschoolofficialsdemandimprovedstudentprogress．66．Ifaprivatecompanywantstooperateacharterschool,itmust______．A．trynewmethodsofteachingB．proveitsmanagementabilityC．obeythelocalandstatelawsD．getthegovernment'spermission【答案】D细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句Privatecompaniesoperatesomecharterschools．和最后一句Thesegovernmentsprovidetheschoolswiththeagreementcalledacharterthatpermitsthemtooperate．可知答案。【解析】67．Charterschoolsareindependentbecause_____．A．theymakegreaterprogressB．theirclasssizeissmallerC．theyenjoymorefreedomD．theyopposetraditionalways【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段的说明可知答案。这些特许公立学校不用服从约束传统的公立学校的法律。政府不能告诉他们教什么，每个学校可以选择自己的目标、教法等，可见他们有更多的自由。68．What'sthegovernment'sattitudetowardcharterschools?A．Doubtful．B．Supportive．C．Subjective．D．Optimistic．【答案】B【解析】理解理解题。根据第四段的第一句TheBushAdministrationstronglysupportscharterschoolsasawaytore-organizepublicschoolsthatarefailingtoeducatestudents．可知这类学校得到了布什当局的强烈支持。130\n69．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Morestudentschoosetoattendcharterschools．B．Charterschoolsarebetterthantraditionalschools．C．Studentsincharterschoolsarewelleducated．D．Peoplehavedifferentopinionsaboutcharterschools．【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。第四段提到了布什当局支持这类学校，但是有些教育机构和联盟反对。第五段提到美国教师联合会批评政府迟迟不发布研究结果。最后一段提到一些专家的看法，由此可知人们对特许公立学校所持观点不一。70．Itcanbeinterredfromthetextthat___.A．charterschoolsarepartofthepubliceducationsystemB．one-on-oneattentionshouldbepaidtostudentsC．thenumberofcharterschoolswillbelimitedD．charterschoolsareallprivatelyfinanced【2022·江西省白鹭中学第一次月考】BPushyparentsandteacherswho“hothouse”theunder-5sriskcausingdamagetothechildren’slongtermdevelopment,aleadingeducationexpertsaid.LilianKatz,ProfessorofEducationattheUniversityofIllinois,saidthatfour-year-oldsengagedinreadingandwritingwentontoperformworseacademicallythanthoseengagedinimaginativelearning.Theyscoredhigherintestsattheageof5,butchildrenwhosefirstyearatschoolwasstimulatingoutstrippedthemfouryearslater.Thefindingssuggestthatthegovernment'sstructuredapproachtoearlyyears'learningcouldbestoringupproblemsforchildren.Theyalsoraiseseriousquestionsabouttheplanforallchildrentobeabletoreadbytheageof6.Inmanycountriesformalteachingdoesnotstartuntilchildrenare6or7andhaveimprovedtheirsocialandmanualskills.Childrenstartlearningtoreadandwriteat6intheUnitedStates,FranceandGermany,andat7inFinlandandSweden.ProfessorKatzsaidthatinmanyschoolsthecourseswere"boringchildrentotears".Muchacademicteachingrequiredchildrentolearnbymemorizingpiecesofinformationoutofcontext,shesaid.Teachinginreceptionclassshouldinsteadallowchildrentodeveloptheirintellectbyexploringtheirenvironmentsandaskingquestions."Researchsuggeststhebenefitsofformalacademicinstructionforfour-andfive-year-oldsseemtobepromisingwhentheyaretestedearly,butconsiderablylesssointhelongterm.Whenthesechildrenarefollowedoveraperiodofthreeormoreyears,thosewhohadearlyexperienceinmoreintellectuallyengagingcurriculaweremorelikelytodowellinschoolthantheirpeers,whohadreceivedearlyacademicinstruction."Sheadvocatesteachingchildrenthroughfirst-handexperienceandplay,inmixed-agedclasses.Thiscanincludepuppetshows,drawingorrunningapretendshopintheclassroom.130\n61．Accordingtothepassage,thosewho“hothouse”theunder-5swouldprobably_________.A.preferalotofinteractionandstimulationwhileteachingB.teachinalivelywaytomotivatekids’interestC.pushthekidstomemorizepiecesofinformationD.careaboutthekids’physicaldevelopment【答案】C【解析】考查推理判断。根据Pushyparentsandteacherswho“hothouse”theunder-5sriskcausingdamagetothechildren’slongtermdevelopment和ProfessorKatzsaidthatinmanyschoolsthecourseswere"boringchildrentotears".Muchacademicteachingrequiredchildrentolearnbymemorizingpiecesofinformationoutofcontext,可知C正确。62．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“outstripped”inParagraph2mean?A.didbetterthanB.lookeddownuponC.caughtupwithD.performedworsethan【答案】A【解析】考查推理判断。在学校被激发兴趣的学生比被教读写的学生4年之后做得好。63．AccordingtoLilianKatz,thegovernment’sstructuredapproachtoearly-yearslearning__.A.isnecessaryforimprovingchildren’sreadingandwritingabilityB.needstobeimprovedtodevelopchildren’sacademicabilityC.willcauseproblemstochildrenintheirfuturelearningD.hasmoreadvantagesthandisadvantages【答案】C【解析】考查推理判断。根据ProfessorKatzsaidthatinmanyschoolsthecourseswere"boringchildrentotears".Muchacademicteachingrequiredchildrentolearnbymemorizingpiecesofinformationoutofcontext可知C正确。64．Themessagetheauthorwantstodeliverthroughthepassageisthatformalteaching_____.A.canstartatdifferenttimesindifferentcountries.B.shouldnotbestartedtooearlyC.isbestcarriedoutinFinlandandSwedenD.shouldincludeteachingchildrensocialandmanualskills【答案】B【解析】考查推理判断。总结全文的大意可知，作者不赞成过早句型正规教育。65．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheopinionofLilianKatz?A.Childrenshouldbetaughtthroughfirst-handexperience.B.Learninginamixed-ageclassisgoodforchildren.C.Runningashopcanhelpchildrengetgoodmarks.D.Puppetshowsanddrawingareusefulinteachingchildren.【答案】C130\n【解析】考查推理判断。C项是文中没有提到的内容。【2022四川德阳高中高三一诊】Thesinger,MickJagger,oftheRollingStonessingsasongthattellspeopletheycan’talwaysgetwhattheywantbutifwetrysometimeswecangetwhatweneed.Thepastyearsinmylifemyparentshavetoldmethissayingmanytimes.I’vealwayscomplainedaboutthequote(引语).AlthoughovertimeIhavetoldmyselftolearnfromit.ThisyearmygirlfriendflewofftocollegeinWestPalm,Florida.ThishasbeenakillerformebecauseIhaven’tbeenabletoseeherandsheishavingaroughtimeinschool.Thelasttwomonthshavebeenhardbutweareworkingthroughit.Ihavebeentryingtogetmydadtobuymeaplanetickettogodownthere.MydadtoldmeifIbroughthimsomemoneyhewouldhelpmepayfortheticket.IstartedtocomplaintohimbecauseIhadnowayofgettinganymoneytogivehim.Ispentseveraldaysandnightsthinkingofwaystoearnmoneytogoseemygirlfriend.IfinallycametotheconclusionthatIwouldgetajobandworkhardtoearnsomemoneytogivetomydad.IappliedtoSafewayandIendedupgettingthejob.IhavebeenworkingatSafewayforaboutamonthnowandworkhardtoearnmoneytogoseemygirlfriend.Theotherdaymymomhadsurprisedmeandtoldmethatsheaskedherbossifshecouldusetheirbusinessmiles(旅费)tobuymeaticketdowntoFloridafortwoweeks.IwasverythankfulandtoldherIwouldhelppayforanythingthatIhaveto.ThethoughtofmeworkinghardandgettingajobshowedmymomthatIreallycaredandwastryingmybesttobeasuccessfulperson.Ibelievethatyoucan’talwaysgetwhatyouwantbutifyoutrysometimes,yougetwhatyouneed.1．Theauthor’sparentsoftentoldhimthesayingquotedfromthesongbecause.A．HelikedtocomplaintothemabouthislifeB．TheyexpectedhimtolearnfromthesingerC．HealwayswantedtogeteverythinghewantedD．Theytriedtoeducatehimtodothingsforhimself2．Whatdoestheworld“killer”underlinedinthesecondparagraphreferto?A．Somethingthatisquitetroublesome.B．Somethingthatisverydifficult.C．Apersonwhokillspurposely.D．Apersonwhotreatswomenverybadly.3．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Theauthorwaslazyandunwillingtoworkhard.B．Theauthor’sfatherwastoomeantogivehimmoney.C．Theauthor’sactualactionwonsupportfromhismother.D．Theauthorwasunabletotearhimselfawayfromhisgirlfriend.4．Bywritingthepassage,theauthortriestoshow.A．wecandonothingwithoutmoneyB．fathersarestrictwhilemothersarekindC．it’shardforparentstobringuptheirchildrenD．weshouldtrytorelyonourselvesforeverything130\n【2022·泰安期末】Forhighschoolleaversstartingoutintheworkingworld，itisveryimportanttolearnparticularskillsandpracticehowtobehaveinanintervieworhowtofindallinternship(实习)．Insomecountries，schoolshaveprogramstohelpstudentsontothepathtowork．IntheUnitesStates，however，suchprogramsarestillfewandfarbetween．Researchshowsthatifhighschoolsprovidecareer-relatedcourses，studentsarelikelytogethigherearningsinlateryears．Thestudentsaremorelikelytostayinschool，graduateandgoontohighereducation．InGermany，studentsasyoungas13and14areexpectedtodointernships．Germancompaniesworkwithschoolstomakesurethatyoungpeoplegettheeducationtheyneedforfutureemployment．ButinAmerica,educationreformprogramsfocusonhowwellstudentsdoinexamsinsteadofbringingthemintocontactwiththeworkingworld．HarvardEducationschoolprofessorRobertSchwartzhascriticizededucationreformersfortryingtoplaceallgraduatesdirectlyonthefour-yearcollegetrack．Schwartzarguedthatthisapproachleavesthecountry’smostvulnerable(易受影响的)kidswithnojobsandnoskills．Schwartzbelievedthatthebestcareerprogramsencouragekidstogoforhighereducationwhilealsoteachingthemvaluablepracticalskillsathighsch001．JamesMadisonHighSchoolinNewYork，forexample，encouragesstudentstochooseclassesoncareer—basedcourses．Theschoolthenhelpsthemgainon—the-jobexperienceinthosefieldswhilethey’restillathighschool．However，evenforteenswhoseschoolsencouragethemtoconnectwithwork，thejobmarketisdaunting．IntheUS，unemploymentratesfor16-to19-year-oldsareabove130\n20percentforthethirdsummerinarow．“TheriskisthatifteenagersmissoutontheSummerjobexperience，theybecomepartofthisgenerationofteenswhohadtroubleinlandingajob，”saidMichael，aresearcherintheUS.1．Intheauthor’sopinion．Americanhighschoolleavers__________.A．haveenoughcareer-relatedcoursesB．needmorecareeradvicefromtheirschoolsC．performbetterinexamsthanGermanstudentsD．cangethigherearningsinlateryears2．AccordingtoRobertSchwartz，_________．A．thereisnoneedforkidstogoforhighereducationintheUSB．studentsshouldgetcontactwiththeworkingworldathighschoolC．educationreformshouldfocusonstudents’performanceinexamsD．teenagersintheUScan’tmissoutonthesummerjobexperience3．Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A．UnemploymentratesforUSteenagersremainhi曲atthemoment．B.Studentswithcareer—basedcoursesneverhaveproblemsfindingajob．C.UScompaniesworkwithschoolstoprepareyoungpeopleforfutureemployment．D．Highschoolleaverswithnopracticalskillscan’tfindajobabsolutely4．What’Sthemainideaofthetext?A．ArgumentsaboutrecentUSeducationreform．B．Tipsonfindingjobsforhighschoolleavers．C．Thelackofcareer—basedcoursesinUShighschools．D．AdviceforAmericanhighschoolleavers．5·Theunderlinedword“daunting”inParagraph6mostprobablymeans___________.A．discouragingB．interestingC．creativeD．unbearable【解题导语】文章主要介绍了通过与德国的中学的情况的比较，来说明在美国中学里，还是很缺乏有关职业生涯的基本课程。1.【答案】B【解析】考查作者观点题。根据第五段的Schwartzbelievedthatthebestcareerprogramsencouragekidstogoforhighereducationwhilealsoteachingthemvaluablepracticalskillsathighschool．JamesMadisonHighSchoolinNewYork，forexample，encouragesstudentstochooseclassesoncareer—basedcourses．Theschoolthenhelpsthemgainon—the-jobexperienceinthosefieldswhilethey’restillathighschool可看出答案。130\n【2022·顺义素质展示】DoesaTeaBreakMakeYouMoreEfficient?ChinahasbeendrinkingteasincethetimeofShennong,5,000yearsago.Britain’srelationshipwithteaismuchshorter,butteaenjoysprideofplaceastheUK’snationaldrink.AccordingtotheUKTeaCouncil,Britishpeopledrinkanaverageofthreecupsadayoranationaltotalof165millioncupseveryday.Withfigureslikethese,itisnosurprisethattimespenttakingteaaffectstheworkingdayinBritain.Arecentsurveyfoundthat24minutesadayarelosttomaking,buyinganddrinkingteaandcoffee.Thatis,£400ayearislostinworkinghoursperemployee,or190daysoveralifetime.So,shouldemployersbeworriedaboutthislostworkingtime,ordoestheteabreakmakeupinotherways?Oneargumentisthatcaffeineimprovesmentalstate:adrinkofteaorcoffeecanmakeyouactiveandfocusonwork.ProfessorRogersoftheUniversityofBristoldisagrees.Afteryearsofstudyingcaffeineheseesnothingcanprovethat.“Workerswouldperformequallywellifnotdrinkingitatall,”hesays.“Butifthey’reoftendrinkingitandthengowithout,they’llfeeltiredandwon’tworkwell.”PsychologistCooperinsteademphasizestheroleteabreaksplayinofficelife,andinbuildingsocialrelationships.“Weneedtomakepeoplemoreactiveandseeotherpeople.Theteabreakisonewayofdoingthis,”saysCooper.AndProfessorRogersalsopointsoutthecomforteffectofahotdrink:“Wewarmourhandsonthemonacoldday;they’recomfortingandplayabigroleinoureverydaylife.Whateverthecaffeine’sdoing,I’dsaythese24minutesaren’twasted.”1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.TeaBreakscannotmakepeoplemoreactiveatwork.B.Britishpeopledrinkmoreteathanpeopleinothercountries.C.Teabreakplaysanimportantroleinpeople’slifeinBritain.D.Alotoftimehasbeenwasteddrinkingteaintheworkingday.2.WelearnfromarecentsurveythatinBritain_______.A.£400islostinworkinghoursforeachperson130\nB.teabreakstakeup24minutesinaworkingdayC.peoplespends190daysdrinkingteaandcoffeeeachyearD.peopledrink165millioncupsinworkinghourseveryday3.What’sPsychologistCoopers’attitudetowardsteabreak?A.Doubtful.B.Uncertain.C.Negative.D.Positive.【2022·潍坊三县联考】Iamastrongbelieverthatifachildisraisedwithapproval,helearnstolovehimselfandwillbesuccessfulinhisownway.Severalweeksago，Iwasdoinghomeworkwithmysoninthethirdgradeandhekeptstandingupfromhischairtogooverthemathlines．Ikeptaskinghimtositdown,tellinghimthathewouldconcentratebetter.Hesatbutsecondslater,asifhedidn’tevennoticehewasdoingit,hegotupagain．Iwasgettingfrustrated,butthenithitme．Istartednoticinghisanswersweremuchquickerandaccuratewhenhestoodup．Couldhebemoreintentwhilestandingup？ThismademestartquestioningmyselfandwhatIhadbeenraisedtobelieve.Iwasraisedtobelievethataquiet,calmchildwasasurewaytosuccess．Thischildwouldhavethedisciplinetostudyhard,getgoodgradesandbecomesomeoneimportantinlife．NowthosesamepeopleperhapscometorealizethattheirkidsarebornwiththeirownsetsofDNAandpersonalitytraits，andallyoucandoislovingandacceptingthem．Asparents，throughouttheirgrowingyearsandbeyondthat,weneedtobeourkids'bestcheerleaders，guidingthemandhelpingthemfindtheirway.Ihavestoppedaskingmysontositdownandconcentrate．Obviously,heisconcentratingjustinhisownwayandnotmine．Weneedtolearntoacceptourkids'waysofdoingthings．Somewaymayhaveworkedformebutdoesn'tmeanweneedtocarryitthroughgenerations．Thereisnothingsweeterthanbeingindividualandunique．Itmakesusfreeandhappyandthat'sjustthewayIwantmykidstolivetheirownlife．1.Atthebeginning,theauthortriedtokeephissonseatedinordertomakehim________.A.paymoreattentiontohisstudyB.keepsilentintheroomC.finishhishomeworkontimeD.getrightanswers2.Inspiredbythecaseofhisson，theauthorbegantodoubt________.A．theimportanceofparentsB．theoldformofeducationC．therelationshipbetweenkidsandtheirparentsD．thegoodgradesofsomekids3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisright?130\nA.Weshouldhelpkidscorrecttheirwrongways.B.Parentsshouldstudytheirkids’DNA.C.Kidsshouldbetaughttobehavethemselves.D.Parentsshouldloveandaccepttheirkids.4.Theauthorhasstoppedaskinghissontositdownbecause__________.A.hehaschangedhistraditionalideasB.hissonwantstobeuniqueC.hissondoesn’tfollowhisadviceD.hisson’sDNAisdifferent5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Studyhardandyou'llbesuccessfulB.BefriendlytoyourchildrenC.Children'ssuccessintheirownstyleD.Parents'helpwiththeirchildren'sstudy【2022·潍坊期末】“Confidence”isprobablyoneofthemostnoticeabletraits(品质)intheAmericans.Theyshowconfidenceinthewaytheytalk,thewaytheysmile,thewaytheydressandthewaytheywalk.LivingandcompetingwithalltheseconfidenceAmericanstudents,Ifinditextremelyimportanttobeconfidentasaninternationalstudentandinstructor.Asastudent,beingconfidentmeansyoushouldneverhesitatetoraiseyourhandwheneveraquestionorapointcomestoyourmind.Don’tmindifitsoundssimpleorsilly.Otherwiseyouwillnevergetachancetospeakinclassatall.What’sworse,theprofessorsmaythinkyouarenotpreparedforthediscussionoryoudonothaveyourownopinionontheissue-thisisthelastcommentanygraduatewouldliketoreceive。BeingconfidenceformeasaforeigninstructormeanscalmlyaskingthestudenttorepeatwhatheorshehassaidifIdidnotgetit.Pretendingtounderstandwhatyouactuallydidnotmayjustbringyourselfembarrassmentorevendisgrace.ButthetimeImostneedtobeconfidentiswhenmystudentscometomyofficeandbargainaboutthegradesIhavegivenfortheirSpeeches。(ThecourseI’mteachinghereisPublicSpeaking).ModestyisatraithighlyvaluedinChina,butitwon’tbe130\nofmuchhelphereifyouwanttosurviveandsucceedinagoodAmericangraduateprogram．1.TocompetewithAmericanstudentsit’sveryimportantto.A.bequiteconfidentB.bepoliteandfriendlyC.havemorediscussionswithD.understandwhattheythinkabout2.Aprofessorwillhavetheworstopinionofastudentwho.A.givesasillyorsimpleanswerB.triestoseizeanychancetospeakinclassC.showsnointerestinthecourseD.isconsideredtohavenoopinionofhisown3.Theauthorismostlikelytofeelembarrassedif.A.heasksastudenttorepeatwhathehassaidB.thestudentsbargainwithhimC.hepretendstoknowwhathedoesn’tD.hehastogiveaspeech4．Welearnfromthesecondparagraphthat.A.weshouldalsoremainmodestinAmericaB.modestydoesn’thelpmodestinAmericaC.AmericanalsolikemodestpeopleD.modestycanhelpyouthroughanAmericangraduateprogram5.Thepassageismainlydevelopedby.A.providingexamplesB.makingcomparisonsC.givingdifferentfiguresD.tellingpersonalexperiences【2022安徽省皖南高三联合测评】IlearntaboutthePygmalioneffect(皮格玛丽翁效应)whenIwas7yearsoldatRiverdaleSchoolinPalmerstonNorthandIcopiedMelissaCrawford’sanswersinaspellingtest.BeforethatIwasaverageatschoolbutafterthat,becauseMelissa130\nCrawfordwassmart,andIgotalltherightanswers,Igotputinallthesmartkidsgroups.FromthenIdidreallywellatschoolbecauseitwasbelievedbytheteachersthatIwouldandIalsogotgroupedwiththesmartkids.ThisexperiencethatoccurredatmyprimaryschoolshowsjusthowimportantthePygmalioneffectisintermsofbeingaroundmentors(导师)thatexpectthatyou'regoingtodowellandalsobeingaroundpeoplewhoaresmart.ThePygmalioneffectisoneprincipleyouwanttouseifyouwanttomakemoneyfast.Havementorsthatexpectyouwillmakemoneyfastandasanextraboosthangaround,copyandlearnfromotherpeoplewhoarealsomakingmoneyfast.Yesterdaythissitehadover5000uniquevisitorsandthetraffictoitisincreasingallthetime.AyearagoIcontactedagroupofpeoplewhogotlotsoftrafficmtheirsitesandIlearntfromthem.TruthfullyIdon’tknowiftheyexpectedmetostartgettingdecenttraffictowebsitesbut1imaginedtheydidsotheymightaswellhave.SothereyouhaveitthePygmalioneffect.P.S.Mygrammarandspellingarenotthatgreatnowadaysbutthat'sactuallycompletelyirrelevant(不相关的)whenitcomestogettinglotsofvisitorstoyoursite.1.WhendidtheauthorlearnaboutthePygmalioneffect?A.Beforehetookthespellingtest.B.Afterhecheatedinthespellingtest.C.Whenhedidbadlyinexams.D.Afterhefinishedprimaryschool.2.Theauthorgotgroupedwiththesmartkidsbecause______.A.hewasanaveragepupilatschoolB.hedidbetterthanexpectedC.MelissaCrawfordwassmartD.hedidbetterthanalltheothersatschool3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“contacted”meaninthepassage?A.losttouchwithB.madefriendswithC.gotintouchwithD.wasconcernedabout4.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat______.A.theauthorwasbusy-meetingvisitorseverydayB.therewaslotsoftrafficinhiscityC.theauthoropenedawebsitehimselfD.theauthor'sgrammarwaspooratschool【湖南省湘潭市2022届高三二模】130\nGenerationsofchildrengrewupreadingcomic(漫画）bookssecretly,hidingoutfromparentsandteacherswhosawthemasawasteoftimeandarisktoyoungminds.Comicsarenowgaininganewrespectabilityatschool.Thatisthankstoanincreasinglypopularandcreativeprogram,oftenaimedatstrugglingreaders,thatencourageschildrentoplot,writeanddrawcomicbooks,inmanycasesusingthemesfromtheirownlives.TheComicBookProjectwasstartedin2022byMichaelBitzatanelementaryschoolinQueens.Sinceitscreation,theprogram,whichismainlyconductedafterschool,hasspreadtomorethan850schoolsacrossthecountryIthasgottenabigpushfromtheCanentcraze（狂热）amongadolescentsforcomicbookclubsandforManga,awildlypopularvarietyofcomicoriginatinginJapan.Thepointisnottodropacomicbookonachild'sdeskandsay:"readthis:'Rather,theworkshopsgivegroupsofstudentstheopportunitytocollaborate（合著）onoftencomplexstoriesandcharactersthattheythenrevise,publishandsharewithothersintheircommunities.Teachersarefindingiteasiertoteachwriting,grammarandpunctuationwithmaterialthatstudentsarefullyinvestedin(投入）．Anditturnsoutthatcomicbookshaveotherbuilt-inadvantages.Thepairingofvisualandwrittenplotlinesthattheyrelyonappeartobeespeciallyhelpfultostrugglingreaders.Nooneissuggestingthatcomicbooksshouldsubstitutefortraditionalbooksorforstandardreadingandcompositionlessons.Teacherswhowouldoncehavedismissedcomicsoutofhandarelearningtoexploit(利用）astylethatclearlyhasapowerfulholdonyoungminds.Theyareusingwhatworks.66.Whichofthefollowingisprobablythebesttitleofthepassage?A.JapaneseComicBooks.B.ComicBooksintheClassroom.C.ReadingEfficiently.D.ACurrentCraze.67.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Students'readingmaterialsareofteninvolvedwiththeirdailylife.B.Comicbookscannowtaketheplaceoftextbooksatschool.C.Teachersnowgiveawaycomicbooksforchildrentoread.D.Children'simaginationplaysakeyroleincomicbooks.68.Theunderlinedphrase"its"inParagraph2probablyrefersto______.A.theComicBookProject'sB.anelementaryschool'sC.Queens'D.thecountry's69.ThemainpurposeoftheComicBookProjectisto＿．A.developthecooperationamongadolescentsB.makesurethatstudentslivearichandcolorfullifeafterschoolC.helpstudentswhohavesomedifficultyinreadingD.popularizeanewmethodofteaching70.Itcanbeinferredthat______.A.comicbookswerefirstusedinJapaneseschoolsB.parentshavedifferentopinionsabouttheirchildrenreadingcomicbooksC.moreandmoreteacherswillrealizetheadvantagesofcomicbooksD.comicbookswillbeallowedtoenteralltheschoolsinthecountry130\n【解题导语】本文主要介绍使用漫画教学在教育中优势。66.B.主旨大意题。第一段提出全文主题：Comicsarenowgaininganewrespectabilityatschool.之后围绕该主题具体介绍漫画在学校教育中的意义和利用，由此判断全文标题应该是：教室中的漫画。故选B项。67.C.细节理解题。根据最后一段“Teachersarefindingiteasiertoteachwriting,grammarandpunctuationwithmaterialthatstudentsarefullyinvestedin(投入）．Anditturnsoutthatcomicbookshaveotherbuilt-inadvantages.”可在老师给学生提供漫画书让他们阅读，故选C项。68.A.词义猜测题。第二段第一、二句的逻辑顺承关系可推断“its”应指theComicBookProject's，故选A项。69.D.细节理解题。根据第一段“Thatisthankstoanincreasinglypopularandcreativeprogram,oftenaimedatstrugglingreaders,thatencourageschildrentoplot,writeanddrawcomicbooks,inmanycasesusingthemesfromtheirownlives.”可知，该项目的目的旨在普及一种新教学法——漫画教学法。故选D项。70.C.推理判断题。根据最后一段对“漫画教学”的优势的介绍可推断，越来越多的人会意识到漫画书的好处。故选C项。2022名校模拟1、（浙江省温州市2022年高三第一次适应性测试）  Wheneditorsconsideredthepossibledemandfor"Autobiography(自传)ofMarkTwain"，theykepttheirexpectationswithin7，500copies.However，thebookreachedtheNo.7onTheNewYorkTimes’best-sellerlistpublishedonNov.28.OnFridayafternoonitwasNo.4ontheBN.combest-sellerlist.   Itisahitacrossthecountry.1andingonbest-sellerlistsandgoingbacktopresssixtimes，foratotalof275，000sofar.Thepublishercannotprintcopiesquicklyenough，leavingsomebookstoresandonlineretailers(零售商)hopelesswithoutcopiesjustastheholidayshoppingseasonbegins."It’sfrustrating，"saidRona，theowneroftheBookMark."Inthisageofinstantbooks，whydoesittakesolongtoreprintit?"Kris，anownerofabookstoresaid："Itwassoldrightout.There’salastingloveaffairwithMarkTwain，especiallyaroundhere.Anybodywithinastone’sthrowoftheMississippiRiverhasaTwainattachment."Mr.Ingrainsaid："I’msureeverybooksellerintheworldissaying.‘Ishouldhavebeensharper.Ishouldhavethoughtthisonethroughmorecarefully.’"Earlierthisweek，thebookwassoldoutatahandfulofbookstores.Somebooksellerssaidtheyhadbeentold，muchtotheirdisappointment，thattheywouldnotreceivereordersuntilmid-DecemberorevenJanuary.   Manybooksellerssaidthebookhasaholiday-giftquality，whichhasauniquestorybehinditspublication.Twainorderedthatthebookbepublishedacenturyafterhisdeath.Itismorepoliticalthanhispreviousworks，beingflank，funny，angryandfullofmemoriesfromhischildhood.It’sliterary，butnottootoughtoread.Thecontent，itself，isveryreadable.Itcanbeeasilypickedupandreadwithouttheworryofcontinuity(连贯性)."I’veonlyhadachancetolookatit.butfromwhatIdidsee，itlookedlikethekindofbookyouwouldneverfinish，andyouwouldnevereventhinkofreadingfromthebeginningtotheend."said130\nMr.IngramofPrairieLights."It’sthekindofbookyouwouldreadalittlebiteverydayofyourlife.   "Hewasawonderfulshowman.Andhewascool.Let’sfaceit.That’spartofit."Mr.Kettmannsaid."WefeelAmerica’skindofexcitedaboutaliteraryicon."saidMs.Dahne."There’ssomethingverysweetaboutthefactthatpeopleareinterestedina736-pagescholarlybookaboutMarkTwain.”(1)Wecanfindthisarticleina________. A.  newspaper             B.  brochure       C.  novel   D.guidebook(2)"Ishouldhavebeensharper"heremeansthatbooksellers________. A.shouldraisethepriceofthebook B.werenotsmartenoughtonoticethesituation C.shouldprintmorecopiesofthebook D.werequiteclearaboutthesituation(3)"AutobiographyofMarkTwain"isabookthat________. A.willbeeasilyputdownonceread B.ishardforustounderstand C.isonlysuitabletobeaholidaygift D.shouldbereadinsmallbites(4)Thearticleintendstotellus________. A.Americanslikereadingbooksverymuch B.MarkTwain’sautobiographyiswellreceived C.manybooksellersarecrazyaboutMarkTwain D.thebusinessofAmericanbookstoresisgood2、（2022年深圳市高三年级第一次调研考试）   ThegoodnewsisthatJamesCameron’sAvatar，hisfirstbigfilmsinceTitanic，12yearsago，isagoodfilm.Thebadnews—atleastforCameron—isthathisfilmisnotthemasterpiecehesetouttomake.Nobodyspendssomuchmoney(morethan￡214million)orspendssomuchtime(theprojectstartedin1995)tomakejustagoodfilm.No，Cameronhasintendedtomakeaclassicscience—fictionepic(史诗)thatwilltakeitsplacealongwithStarWars,TheMatrixorhisownTerminatorfilms，But，amazinglyenough，Avatarissobeautifulthatit’salmosttoorichtotakeinandappreciateononeviewing.It’snotafraidofsocialandpoliticalcomments，educatingusinthe130\nevils(邪恶)ofcapitalismwhileentertaininguswiththeevilsofcapitalism.   ThecuriousthingaboutAvataristhat，forallofitsadvancedtechnologicalwork，thereissomethingoutofdate.Theideaofhumansusingotherbodiestotravelinotherworldswasanexcitingconceptfornovelistsandfilm-makersbackinthe1990s."SecondLifecanbeeasilyfoundinfilmsofthatdecade.Avatar’spoliticalideaalsoseemsoutofdate.Humansdestroythingsforshort-sightedprofits，andthishasbeengoingonallthetimethroughoutthehumanhistory，hasn’tit?   Undoubtedly,Cameronunbelievablysucceedsincreatinganextremelybeautifulworldthatnobodyhaseverseen.Butthiswonderfulshellofbeautycan’tmakeupAvatar’slackofheart.Inthepast，Cameroncouldalwaysmixbigsceneswithstrongfeelings.What’smissinghereistheheartbreakingmoment.ThelovestorybetweenJakeandNeytiridoesn’ttakeoffthewayJackandRosedidinTitanic.   However，despiteallthese,wewillbeleftwithafilmthat’snomasterpiece.butstillwellworthseeing.(1)Consideringthemoneyandtimespentonit.Avatar_________.A.isfarfromarealtygoodfilmB.invitesalotofbadreviewsC.coststoomuchthanitdeservesD.needsmoreinvestment(2)ThefollowingfilmsaremadebyCameronEXCEPT____________.A.Avatar          B.TheMatrix         C.Terminator         D.Titanic(3)Whal’sthedisadvantageofAvataraccordingtothepassage?A.Itentertainspeoplewithouteducatingthem.B.Itdoesn’texposeevilsofcapitalism.C.Itlackstheheartbreakingmoment.D.Itcreatesaworldthatdoesn’texistatall.(4)Accordingtothearticle，theauthorthinksthat_______________.A.AvatarisstillthebestofCameron’sworksB.AvatarisfearlesswhenexpressingitsideasC.goodfilmsshouldhavebigbeautifulscenesD.Avatarprovidesnewideasaboutloveandlife(5)WhatdoesthewriterthinkofthefilmAvatar?A.It’samasterpiecehehasseensinceTitanic.B.It’saclassicscience-fictionepic1ikeStarWars.C.It’sawonderfulfilmwithstrongfeelings.D.It’sagoodscience-fictionfilmworthseeing.130\n3、（2022年广州市高三年级调研考试）   Headingofftocollegethisyear?Herearesomefashiontipsfromourexpertsyoushouldkeepinmind:   Dresstoimpress:StylistandbusinessconsultantDanielaSmithsays,"Girlsshouldkeepinmindthatyourcollegeprofessorswilloftenbethebridgethatconnectsyoutoyourfuturecareerandourclassmateswillbecomeyourprofessionalnetwork.Youdon’tneedtodresslikeyou’regoingtotheoffice,butyoushoulddisplayanabilitytoproperlypresentyourselfwithappropriatematurityandconfidence,andlookput-together."   Logomania（品牌狂热症）:Wearingthelogosofbrandsaimedatyoungercustomersphysicallyidentifiesyouaspartofthatagegroup,soconsiderthetargetedagegroupofthestoresyoushopat.It’stemptingtoloaduponlogos,especiallywell-knownlogosthatsignifyhigh-endbrands.Butconsiderthis:collegeisatimeofself-discovery,achancetodevelopyourownpersonalstyle.Insteadofwearinglogosheadtotoe,"walkingadvertisement"-style,whynotexpresswhoyoureallyare?   Wearrealpants:Thecombinationofleggingsandbaggyshirtsisalltoocommononcollegecampuses.Smithpointsoutthatleggings,yogapants,andsweatpantsareentirelyunacceptableinpublicunlessyou’reexercising.Althoughleggingswornaspantsareacommontrendamonghighschoolandcollegegirls,theyarenotanappropriatechoicefordaywear.Asayoungwoman,yourstylechoiceshouldbegintoreflectyourmaturitylevel.So,getridofleggingsandwearrealpants!   Keepthecutefactortoaminimum:StayawayfromsweatersandT-shirtswithsmilinganimals,cartooncharacters,orHelloKittyonthem.Sure,kittensmightbecute,butthey’renotdoingyouanyfavorsinthestyledepartment.Dressingtoocutesycantakeyearsoffyourlook,andnotnecessarilyinagoodway!(1)Thesecondparagraphindicatestheimportanceof____.A．impressingprofessorsB．gettingonwellwithclassmates.C．creatingaprofessionalimage130\nD．dressing,appropriately(2)Theauthorbelievesthatcollegegirlsshould____.A．choosealogo,thatsuitstheirageB．trytoloaduponwell-knownlogosC．uselogostoshowwhotheyareD．findtheiridentitybytryingdifferentlogos(3)Theauthorrecommendswearingrealpantsbecause_____.A．leggingsandbaggyshirtsaretoocommonB．yogapantsandsweatpantsarenotsocomfortableC．realpantscanpresentyouwithappropriatematurityD．peoplelikerealpantsbetterthantheotherpants(4)What’sthewriter’sattitudetowardssweaterswithanimalsonthem?A．Theymakepeoplelooklovely.B．Theyareveryfashionablethesedays.C．Theywillshowyou’reananimallover.D．Theyarenotsuitableforcollege-agedstudents.(5)Inwhichmagazinewouldyoumostlikelyfindthispassage?A．BusinessWeek.  B．Parents. C．Style. D．Travel&Leisure.4、（南昌市2022年高三年级第一次模拟考试）   IoncehadmyChineseMBAstudentsbrainstormingon"two-hourbusinessplans".Iseparatedthemintosixgroupsandgavethemanexample：arestaurantchain.Themoreoriginaltheiridea,thebetter,Isaid.Finally, fiveofthesixgroupspresentedplansforrestaurantchains.Thesixthproposedacatering(提供饮食及服务)service.ThoughIadmittedthetimelimithadbeendifficult,Iexpressedmydisappointment.   Mystudentsweremiddlemanagers,financialanalystsandfinanciersfromstate-ownedenterprisesandglobalcompanies.Theywerenotwithouttalentoropinions,buttheyhadbeenshapedbyaneducationalsystemthatrarelystressedorrewardedcriticalthinkingorinventiveness.ThesceneIjustdescribedcameindifferentformsduringmytwoyears’teachingattheschool.PaperswereoftencopiedfromtheWebandtheHarvardBusinessReview.Casestudydebateswerewritten130\nupandjustmemorized.Studentsfrequentlysaidthatcopyingisasuperiorbusinessstrategy,betterthaninventingandcreating.   InChina,everyproductyoucanimaginehasbeenmadeandsold.Butsofewwell-developedmarketingandmanagementmindshavebeenraisedthatitwillbealongtimebeforemostpeopleintheworldcannameaChinesebrand.   Withthisprobleminmind，partnershipswithinstitutionslikeYaleandMIThavebeenestablished.Andthenthere’sthe"thousand-talentscheme":thisnewgovernmentprogramisintendedtoimprovetechnologicalmodernizationbyattractingtopforeign-trainedscientiststothemainlandwithbigmoney.ButthereareworriesaboutChina’sresearchenvironment.It’shardlyknownforproducingindependentthinkingandopenness,andevenbigsalaryoffersmaynotbeattractiveenoughtoovercomethis.   Atlast,forChina,becomingamajorworldcreatorisnotjustaboutsettinguppartnershipswithtopWesternuniversities.Norisiiaboutgatheringagroupofwell-educatedpeopleandtellingthemtothinkcreatively.It’saboutestablishingarichlearningenvironmentforyoungminds.It’snotthatsimple.(1)WhichofthefollowingscenesisNOTconsideredaslackofcreation?A.PaperswereoftendownloadedfromtheInternet.B.Studentsoftensaidthatcopyingisapreferablebusinessstrategy.C.Casestudydebateswerewrittenupaswellasrecited.D.Studentscombineknowledgeandcriticalthoughtstosolveaproblem.(2)Theunderlinedword"scheme"inthefourthparagraphmeans____________.A.timetable        B.theme          C.project      D.policy(3)Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________________.A.ChinacanmakeandsellanyproductallovertheworldB.highpaymaynotsolvetheproblemofChina’sresearchenvironmentC.cooperationwithinstitutionshasbeensetuptomakeaChinesebrandD.thenewgovernmentprogramisaimedatencouragingimagination(4)Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.LookforaNewWayofLearningB.RewardCreativeThinkingC.HowtoBecomeaCreatorD.EstablishaTechnicalEnvironment【解题导语】 作为培训讲师，作者深刻体会到中国的教育体制存在的弊端，人才激励机制和研究环境不容乐观，营造良好的学习环境是迫切而又艰难的任务。130\n5、（哈师大附中东北师大附中辽宁省实验中学2022年高三第一次联合模拟考试）   BEIJING—AlarmedbytheoverreachingambitionsofmanyChineseprovincestogrowatallcosts,China’stopeconomicchiefiscallingonofficialstocalmdownandspareathoughtfortheenvironment.   ZhangPing,whoheadsChina’sNationalDevelopmentandReformCommission,thecentraleconomicplanningagency,saidonlyfiveorsixofChina’s30provincesaretargetingannualeconomicgrowthof8percentor9percent.   Theremainingprovincesareaimingforgrowthratesofmorethan10percentthisyear,withsomewantingtodoubleeconomicoutputinthecomingfiveyears. "Chinahasaplannedenergysupplyofabout4billioncubictonsofcoalequivalent(等量的)forthenextfiveyears,andthisisnotenoughtomeetdemandsforeconomicgrowthtodouble,"hewasquotedassayingonthenewsportalSina.corn.   BeijingisincreasinglyconcernedwiththeambitionsofChineseprovincesacrossthecountrytochasehighgrowthdespitethecentralgovernment’surgentrequestforamotemodcrateandsustainable(可持续的)paceofexpansion.   YearsofrapideconomicgrowthhavetakenatollonChina’senvironment,withBeijingtryingtoremovesomeofthedamagenow.Ithasanannualgrowthtargetof7percentforthenextfiveyears,welldownfrom1astyear’s10percent.   ZhangsaidBeijinghasaskedlocalgovernmentstotakeintoaccountthesupplyof"energy,environment,waterandland"tosetmorereasonablegrowthtargets.(1)WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTrueaccordingtothepassage?A.ThesupplyofthecoalinChinaisnotsufficientforthenextfiveyears.B.ZhangPingisanexpertandeconomicchieffromwww.sina.corn.C.FewChineseprovincesareaimingforeconomicgrowthratesoflessthan10％.D.ManyChineseprovincesarealarmedbyBeijing.(2)Theunderlinedphrase"takenatollon"inthesixthparagraphmeans"______________".A.improved          B.donedamageto    C.restored      D.attachedimportanceto(3)Thegeneralideaofthewholepassagecanbethat_______________.A.China’seconomyisincreasingatafastspeedB.China’stopchieflaysmoreemphasisontheenvironment130\nC.economichighgrowthshouldgohandinhandwithenvironmentalconcernD.allChineseprovincesshouldslowdowntheireconomicgrowthrates(4)Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthenews?A.EconomicDevelopmentB.EnergySupplyC.EnvironmentD.SustainableDevelopment【解题导语】我国绝大多数省份制订的年度经济增长目标让有关部门和人士忧心忡忡，环境、能源等问题日益突出，不可等闲视之，可持续性发展是解决之道。6、（浙江省温州市2022年高三第一次适应性测试）   MoreChineseareseekingoutthesurgeon’sknifetoimprovetheir100ks.YetthetragicdeathoftheformerSuperGirlWangBeihasmadepeopleawareoftherisksofcosmeticsurgery(整容手术)，whichisbecomingincreasinglypopular. WangBei，24，issaidtohavegoneundertheknifeinWuhan，tojump-startherstage-showcareer.Itseemsthattheambitioussingerhasfinallyachievedthefameandinfluenceafterherdeath.   ForyearsMissLuexpectedaplasticsurgerytomakeherjawfashionablenarrowandherfacesmaller.ShefinallydecidedagainstitafterhearingofthedeathofWangBei."WangBei’sdeathrangthewarningbellforme，"MissLusaidinherblog."ItwasfrighteningandIgaveuptheplan."   Acommonthreadofonlinediscussioniswhysomeoneconsideredbeautifulwassodissatisfiedwithherlooks.Somenetizens(网民)saidWangwasavictimofsociety’simpracticalstandardofbeauty：doubleeyelids，andthepointedchintypicalofWesternactresses.Otherssaidherdeathindicatedthelimitstowhichpeoplewouldgotoachievefameandfortune.   Lastyear15billionyuanwasspentoncosmeticsurgeryandthefigureisexpectedtorise 20％annually.TheInternationalSocietyofPlasticSurgeryranksChinafirstinAsiaintermsofthenumberofcosmeticsurgeriesin2022.Worldwide，Chinaisthird，afterBrazil，whiletheUnitedStaresisfirst.130\n   Nowadays，peoplearelivinglongerandbetter.Buttheeffectofagingofftheirappearanceaffectstheirmoodandconfidence.ManyolderwomenwanttolookyoungandbeautifulYoungpeople，ontheotherhand，seecosmeticsurgeryasthekeytowealthandlove."Theywanttoimprovetheirappearancetofindbetteropportunitiesatworkandinmarriage，"saysafamousplasticsurgeon."We’relivinginahighlycompetitivesociety.Peopleregardappearanceasaweaponinlifebattle.Thosewhoareyoungandnaturallygood-lookingtellme，‘Idon’tcarehowmuchIspend.Justmakemelookmorebeautiful.’"   Advicefromasurgeonandpsychologist：   1.Chooseregular，qualifiedhospitalswithagoodreputation.   2.Trytofindanexpertsurgeonwhowillnotsuggestseveraloperationsovertime.   3.Don’texpecttoomuchfromchangingyourappearance.Safetyshouldbethefirst.   4.Havearealisticunderstandingoftherisksofthesurgery(death，injuryandfailure)andmakeabalanceddecision.(1)What’stheinfluenceofWangBei’sdeathonthepublic? A.Peoplewillfeelalarmedatcosmeticsurgery. B.Youngpeoplewillhavenointerestinbeauty. C.Doctorswillbeafraidtoperformoperations. D.NoonewilldreamofbecomingaSuperGirl.(2)Itismentionedinthepassagethat________. A.MissLu’sfaceisnarrowandsmall B.WangBeiisavictimoftheInternet C.allWesternershavethepointedchin D.theUSranksfirstincosmeticsurgery(3)What’sthemainideaofthe5thparagraph?  A.Peopleareliving1ongerandbetternowadays.130\n7、（济南市2022届高三教学质量调研）   "Ouraimistotakeourarttotheworldandmakepeopleunderstandwhatitistomove."saidDavidBelle,theco-founderofparkour(跑酷).   Doyouloverunning?Itisagoodexercise,yetmanypeoplefinditboring.Butwhatifmakingyourmorningjogacreativeone?Likejumpingfromwallsandovergapsandgroundrolls?JustliketheJamesBondinthemovieCasinoRoyale?Bondjumpsdownfromarooftoawindowsillandthenrunsseveralblocksoverobstaclesontheway.ItisjustbecauseofBond’swonderfulperformancesthatthesporthasbecomepopularworldwide.   Yes,that’sparkour,anextremestreetsportaimedatmovingfromonepointtoanotherasquicklyaspossible,gettingoveralltheobstaclesinthepathusingonlytheabilitiesofthehumanbody.Parkourisconsideredanextremesport.Asitsparticipantsdasharoundacity,theymayjumpoverfences,runupwallsandevenmovefromrooftoptorooftop.   Parkourcanbejustasexcitingandcharmingasitsounds,butitsparticipantsseeparkourmuchmorethanthat.130\n   Overcomingalltheobstaclesonthecourseandinlifeispartofthephilosophy(哲理)behindparkour.Thisisthesameaslife.Youmustdetermineyourdestination.gostraight,andJumpoverallthebarriersasifinparkourandneverfallbackfromtheminyourlire.toreachthedestinationsuccessfully.Aparkourloversaid。"Iloveparkourbecauseitsphilosophyhasbecomemylife,mywaytodoeverything."   Anotherphilosophywe’velearntfromparkourisfreedom.Itcanbedonebyanyone,atanytime,anywhereintheworld.Itisakindofexpressionoftrustinyourselfthatyouearnenergyandconfidence.(1).Parkourhasbecomepopularthroughouttheworldbecauseof_________________.A.itsco-founder.DavidBelleB.thefilm,CasinoRoyaleC.itsrisksandtricksD.thevarietiesofparticipants(2)Theunderlinedword"obstacles"inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto"_________".A.streets        B.objects       C.barriers         D.roofs(3)Whichofthefollowingistrueofparkour?A.Itchallengeshumanabilities.B.Itisagoodbutboringsport.C.Itneedsspecialtraining.D.Itisateamsport(4)Asitsparticipantsmovearoundacity,_______________.A.theycanaskforhelpB.theymaychoosetoescapeC.theyshouldruntoextremesD.theymustlearntosurvive(5).Whichofthefollowingisthephilosophyofparkour?A.Sportsandextremes.B.Excitementandpopularity.C.Dreamsandsuccess.D.Determinationandfreedom.130\n8、（济南市2022届高三教学质量调研）   Thewebsite"FarmersOnly.com"callsitselfanonlinedatingandfriendshipfinder.Theideastartedinthemindofaman,JerryMillerinOhio.Hewonderedhowfarmerscouldmeetnewpeoplewhounderstandthelifeofafarmer.JerryMillerisnotafarmerbutherepresentsalotoffarmers.   Ashetellsit,theideaforthesitewasplantedwhenafarmertoldhimonedaythatshewasrecentlydivorcedandwouldliketodate.Butsomeonewouldinvitehertomeetforcoffeeatnineo’clockatnight,whenshehadtostartherdayatfivethenextmorning.   So,in2022,JerryMillerlaunchedhiswebsite."Youdon’thavetobeafarmertobeon"FarmersOnly.com".Butyoudohavetohavethegoodold-fashionedtraditionalvaluesofAmerica’sheartland."   YoualsohavetoliveintheUnitedStatesorCanadatobeamemberofthesite.Someservicesarefree,butafullmembershipcostsfiftydollarsforayear.Asoflastweekthesirelistedmorethan58,000members.ManyofthemarefarmersintheUnitedStates.Othersarestudentsorworkersinvolvedinsomewaywithagriculture.JerryMillertellsusaboutthirtymarriagesinthelastyearhaveresultedfromhiswebsite.   Somefarmershavealsofoundlovethroughagroup,SinglesinAgriculture,whichwasformedasanonprofitorganizationin1986.Itorganizesgatheringsthatusuallyendwithadance,butisnotadatingservice.Thepurposeistosupporteducationalandsocialactivitiesthatofferpeopleachanceforfriendship.Itswebsite,"singlesinag.org",saystherearemorethanl,000membersacrossthenationandasfarawayasFrance.(1)JerryMillerstarted"FarmersOnly.com"inorderto_____________.A.helpfarmers                 B.supporttraditionsC.understandfarmers            D.representfarmers(2)WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph2indicate?A.Shedislikescitylifestyle.B.Shepreferslatenightcoffee.C.Countrylifeisn’twellunderstood.D.It’stiringtogetupearly.(3)Whichofthefollowingistrueof"singlesinag.org"?A.Itsservicesarefree.B.Itprovidesdatingservices.C.Onlyfarmerscallbecomeitsmembers.D.FarmersinFrancecan’tbenefitfromit.(4)Theauthorofthetextintendsto_________________.A.advertiseforthetwowebsitesB.introducetwowebsitesC.encouragesocialactivitiesD.urgereaderstohelpfarmers(5)Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat______________________.A.allfarmersdesiremarriage130\nB.farmersareeasytomeetnewpeopleC.morefarmersgetdivorcedintheUSAD.theInternethelpsimprovefarmers’sociallife9、（2022年深圳市高三年级第一次调研考试）   Severalhundredstrangersreceived"loveletters"fromayoungmanonthestreet.TheletterwaswrittenandgivenoutbyYangYang，astudentmajoringinhumanresourcesatChongqingUniversityofScienceandTechnology，whohopedtoshowhisdisappointmentwithjobhunting.   Yang’sstoryhascaughtmediaattentionperhapsbecauseitissimilartothoseofmillionsofrecentgraduatesseekingjobsandstrugglingforsurvivalinthecountry’swealthiestcities.Theyhavediplomas，ratherthanprofessionalskills，andcometobigcitiesinhopesofbetterlives.onlytofindlow-payingjobsandpoorlivingconditions.   TheyareChina’s"anttribe(蚁族)"，atermcoinedbysociologistLianSifromPekingUniversityinhis2022book,AntTribe"They’resosimilartoants.Theysharesmallandnarrowlivingareas.They’reintelligentandhard-working，yetnamelessandunderpaid."Thetermalsospeakstotheirhelplessnessinaworldgovernedbythelawofthejungle—onlythestrongestsurvive.   AsurveyinLian’sanotherbookpublishedthisyear,AntTribeⅡ，foundnearly30percentof"ants"aregraduatesoffamousuniversities—almostthreetimeslastyear’spercentage.Mosthaddegreesinpopularmajors.Inaddition，7.2percentof"ants"haveatleastamaster’sdegreecomparedto1.6percentin2022.   An"ant’s"averagemonthlysalaryisl，904yuan，withabout64percentofthemearninglessthan2，000yuanamonth. Anothersurveyinthe2022AnnualReportontheDevelopmentofChineseTalentfoundmorethan1million"ants"liveinbigcities.  "Mostantsarefromruralfamiliesorsmalltowns，andtheirexperiencesinuniversitiesdidn’tarmthemwellenoughtofightwithcompetitorsinbigcities’employmentmarkets."ProfessorZhangMingatRenminUniversityofChinasaid.130\n   The"anttribe’s"embarrassinglivingsituationshavebecomeaserioussocialproblem，andthegovernmentshoulddevelopsmallercitiestoattractmoregraduatesfrombigcities，Zhangbelieved.   However，"ants"expectmorestudyandtrainingopportunitiesinbigcities，whichkeepsthempositivedespitetheirsituations.(1)Yang’sstoryisintroducedinorderto______.A.analyzegraduates’difficultiesinfindingjobsB.leadtothetopicofthearticle—"anttribe"C.tellreadersastoryaboutthosebigcitiesD.showacleverwayofdealingwithpressure(2)The"ants"failtofindhigh-payingjobsmainlybecause______________.A.theyhavenodiplomasfromgooduniversitiesB.theirmajorsdonotmeettheneedsofsocietyC.thosefromruralareasarenottreatedequallyD.theydonothavenecessaryprofessionalskills(3)"Anttribe"membersaresimilartoantsinthefollowingaspectsEXCEPTthat______.A.theyliveinnarrowandsmallplacesingroupsB.theyworkhardbutearnlittleforsurvivalC.theyareinaworldjudgedbythejunglelawD.theyarepleasedwithbeingnamelessandunderpaid(4).ProfessorZhangthought"ants"problemscouldbesolvedby__________.A.creatingmorejobsforgraduatesinbigcitiesB.developingsmallercitiestoattractgraduatesC.sendinggraduatestoruralareasandsmalltownsD.traininggraduatestoimprovetheirability(5)Bywritingthisarticle，theauthormainlyintendstoshow__________.A.despitebettereducation."ants"arestillstrugglingB.despitedifficulties，"ants"haveapromisingfutureC.bettereducation，betterjobopportunitiesD.AntTribeisagoodbooktohelpunderstandtoday’sChina【解题导语】 大学生就业艰难是无可争辩的事实，他们被称为“蚁族“，在大都市中默默地奋斗着，挣扎着，憧憬着……(1)B文章结构题。文章用这个年轻人的故事反映出了就业的艰难，从而为下文导入“蚁族”这个中心话题作铺垫。(2)D细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的内容可知他们拥有文凭，但是没有职业技能，因而难以找到高报酬的工作。(3)D细节理解题。第三段中提到他们像蚂蚁一样住在狭窄的地方，聪明而勤奋，然而却不被人知而且薪水很低，但并不是说他们喜欢不被人知和低工资，故D项内容错误。(4)B细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的内容可知张教授认为解决问题的方法是发展比较小的城市来吸引毕业生。(5)A写作意图题。作者写作本文意在告诉我们虽然“蚁族”中有相当一部分人拥有高学历，但是他们仍然在为生存苦苦挣扎。10、（2022年安徽省“江南十校”高三联考）   Decision-makingcanbeextremely130\ndifficult.Decisionmakingstylesaresignificantlydifferentindifferentcultures.   Inanyapproachtoaproblemandinanynegotiations,theWesternworldturnstothe"Itoyou"approachwhileJapan,the"youtoyou"approach.Theformermeansbothsidespresenttheirargumentsopenlyfromtheirownpointofview.Naturally,oftencomesaconfrontation(冲突)situation,whichtheWesternersareveryskillfulindealingwith.Thelatterisbasedoneachsidetryingtounderstandtheotherperson’spointofview.Thus,thedirectionofthemeetingisamutual(相互的)attempttoreduceconfrontationandachieveharmony.   Besides,Westerndecision-makinggoesmostlyfromtopmanagementandoftendoesnotconsultmiddlemanagementortheworkers.However,inJapangreatconsiderationisgiventothethoughtsandopinionsofeveryoneatalllevels.Basedon"bottom-updirection",ideascanbecreatedatthelowestlevels,travelupwardthroughanorganizationandhaveaneffectonthefinaldecision.   Differenceindecision-makingalsocomesfromdifferentcommunicationstyles.TheJapanesebusinesspersonworkstoachieveharmony,evenifthedealfallsthrough.andwillspendwhatevertimeisnecessarytodeterminea"youtoyou"approach,communicatingpersonalviewsonlyindirectly.TheyputathoroughjobabovetheWesterndeadlineapproach.SotheJapaneseisthoroughintheirmeetings.ThusAmericansareoftenannoyedbythemanymeetingsinmanyJapanesebusinesses.ButwheretheAmericanispressingforaspecificdecision,theJapaneseistryingtothinkuparatherbroaddirection.   Ontheotherhand,onceagivenagreementismade,itistheJapanesewhosometimeswondersattheslowpaceinwhichtheWesternerscarryoutthedecision.TheJapaneseiseagertomoveforwardandtheWesterners,perhaps,lag(落后于)behindastheytakethetimeforin-depthplanning.(1)AJapanesebusinessbasesitsdecision________________.A.ontop-downdirection      B.onnothingbutitsworkers’viewsC.onbottom-updirection     D.onlyonitstopleaders’opinions(2)ThetextmainlytellsusthatJapanandtheWesternworld_________.A.facegreatdifficultyinmakingdecisionsB.aredifferentindecisionmakingstylesC.haveallmemberscontributetoadecisionD.havetwoapproaches："Itoyou"and"youtoI"(3)WhichofthefollowingisTRUEoftheWesterners?A.Theycarryoutthedecisiononceitismade.B.Therearemanymeetingsintheirbusinesses.C.Theyworktoachieveharmonyindoingbusiness.D.Theyaregoodathandlingconfrontationsituation.(4)Theauthor’sattitudetowardsJapanesedecision-makingis_________.A.positive      B.critical       C.negative         D.casual【解题导语】这篇文章讲述了日本和西方世界决策风格的差异。(1)C细节理解题。由文章第三段第二句和第三句内容可知C项正确。130\n(2)B主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是文章第一段的内容可知，本文主要介绍的是日本和西方世界决策风格的差异。(3)D正误判断题。由文章第二段第三句可知，西方人在处理冲突方面很擅长。(4)A作者态度题。由文章第二段最后一句中的"amutual(相互的)attempttoreduceconfrontationandachieveharmony'。以及最后一段内容可以推测出作者对日本的决策方式持肯定的态度。【一年原创】原创试题及其解析【原创】AthirdofprimaryschoolchildreninChinaaresufferingfrompsychologicalill-healthasaresultofclassroomstressandparentalpressure,accordingtoastudypublishedonTuesday.Theproblemissobadthaturgentmeasuresareneeded,warnsthestudy,ledbyBritishandChineseresearchers.Theinvestigationsurveyed2,191pupilsagednineto12innineschoolsinurbanandruralZhejiang,arelativelyprosperouscoastalprovinceineasternChina. Eighty-onepercentoftheyoungsterssaidtheyworried"alot"aboutexams,63percentfearedbeingpunishedbytheirteacher,44percenthadbeenphysicallybulliedatleastsometimes–withboyslikeliertobevictimsthangirls–and73percenthadbeenphysicallypunishedbytheirparents.Mostofthechildrencomplainedtheystruggledtocopewiththeamountofhomeworktheywereassigned.Overone-thirdreportedheadachesorabdominalpains–psychosomaticsymptomsofstress–atleastonceaweek.Themoststressedchildrenreportedincidenceofachesorpainsoffourtimesaweek.Theinvestigation,ledbyThereseHesketh,aprofessoratUniversityCollegeLondon(UCL)CentreforInternationalHealthandDevelopment,pointedthefingeratextremecompetitivenessinChina'seducationsystem,fromtheonsetofprimaryschool.“Thecompetitiveandpunitiveeducationalenvironmentleadstohighlevelsofstressandpsychosomaticsymptoms,"theauthorssay.“Measurestoreduceunnecessarystressonchildreninschoolsshouldbeintroducedurgently."ThepaperappearsinArchivesofDiseaseinChildhood,apeer-reviewedjournaloftheBritishMedicalAssociation(BMA).The"urban"settingforthestudywasHangzhou,theprovincialcapitalofZhejiang,whilethe"rural"settingwasapoorcountyinQuzhouprefecture,inthewestoftheprovince.Thestudyhighlightssomeofthecomplexitiesthat,itsays,explainthedemandsforacademicexcellenceandintoleranceoffailure.Onefactoristhecountry'sdramaticriseinprosperity,whichhascreated"previouslyunheard-offpossibilitiesforupwardmobility"andinturnstokedpressuresonchildrentodowellatschool.130\nOtherreasonsareChina'sone-childpolicyandtheConfuciantraditionsofrespectforparentsandelders,filialpiety,obedienceanddiscipline.“Theaspirationsofmanyparents,whohadlimitededucationalopportunitiesthemselvesarenowinvestedintheironlychildren,"itsays.Previousstudiesonschool-relatedstressanditsimpactonhealtharefewandgenerallycomefromScandinavia.A2022assessmentamong10-to13-year-oldinSwedenfoundthat21percentofboysof30percentofgirlsexperiencedheadache,and17percentofboysand28percentofgirlsexperiencedabdominalpainatleastonceperweek.【文章大意】本文是一篇报告。文章讲述了中国孩子们在面对大量考试中，所承受的精神上和身体上的压力，以至于他们产生了很多不良现象。46.Whatmainlycausedschoolchildrentosufferfrompsychologicalill-health?A.CompetitivenessineducationsystemB.ClassroomstressandparentalpressureC.PhysicalpunishmentfromtheirparentsD.Endlesshomeworkfromschoolteachers【答案】B【解析】根据文章第一段中的“asaresultofclassroomstressandparentalpressure,accordingtoastudypublishedonTuesday.”可知B正确。【考点定位】考查细节理解47.Theunderlinedpart“copewith”inPara.5mostprobablymeans______.A.tofitinB.toadapttoC.todealwithD.togetalongwith【答案】C【解析】根据文章中的“Mostofthechildrencomplainedtheystruggledtocopewiththeamountofhomeworktheywereassigned.”可知：大多数孩子埋怨他们挣扎着处理作业。猜测copewith意为：处理。【考点定位】考查猜测词义48.FromParagraph4,weknowwhattheschoolchildrenworrymostis_______.A.bullyingbehavioratschoolB.manyexaminationsatschoolC.physicalpunishmentbyparentsD.physicalpunishmentbyteachers【答案】B【解析】根据文章第四段中的“Eighty-onepercentoftheyoungsterssaidtheyworried"alot"aboutexams”可知，孩子们最担心的是过多的考试。选B。【考点定位】考查细节理解49.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.MoreandmoreschoolchildrenwilldropoutofschoolsoonB.HomeworkandexaminationswillbecancelledatallschoolsC.ParentsandteacherswillgiveupeducatingtheschoolchildrenD.Toomuchstressdoesgreatharmtoschoolchildrenphysicallyandmentally【答案】D【解析】根据文章的第四段和“Overone-thirdreportedheadachesorabdominalpains–psychosomaticsymptomsofstress–atleastonceaweek.”可知D正确。130\n【考点定位】考查判断推理50.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.ChildreninChinasickenedbyschoolpressureB.MeasurestoreduceunnecessarystressonchildrenC.Theinvestigation,ledbyUniversityCollegeLondonD.ExtremecompetitivenessinChina’seducationsystem【答案】A【解析】文章通篇谈论的就是：中国的孩子们在精神上和身体上承受很多压力之后，出现的多种病态的表现。所以A正确。【考点定位】考查主旨大意题(文章来源网上，题目原创)There'snoneedtosayit,buttherearereallymorethanafewbenefitstoeducationaltours.Fromtheworditself,aneducationaltourissomethingdonetogainknowledgewhiletravelingandtouringtosomeplace.Itcreatesopportunitiesforpeopletothinkoutoftheboxandseethingsandplacesthataren'tusuallyseenintheirnormalenvironment.Educationaltripsaren'talwaysthosethatcoverfardistances.Asalreadysaid,itisdonetogainknowledgeandyouwouldn'tneedtogoveryfartohaveit.Sometimes,aneducationaltripcouldbeinyourhometown.Historicplacesandmuseumsarealwaysontopofthelistsoftheplacestogoinaneducationaltour.Educationaltourslikethesewouldmakeyouknowyourcountrybetter.Yourcountry'shistoryisrichanditisthereasonwhyyoucametobe.Butrememberthatthehistoryofotherstates,countiesandcountriesareasimportantasyourown.Whenyougoonatriptoanothercountry,itisadvisedthatyoulearntheirculturefirst.Differentcultureshavedifferentunderstandingandperspectiveofdifferentacts,anditcouldbedangerousoroffendingifyoucannotunderstandaculture.Whenyougoonaneducationaltour,itislikelythatyouwouldhavetheopportunitytosocializewithotherpeople.Studentsareencouragedtotalktolocalsandnativesandlearnfromthem,becauseitiswithunderstandingthatstudentsgainknowledge.Whenstudentstalkwithlocalpeople,theyaregaininginsightstotheirlifeandtheirculture.ItissaidthatwheninRome,actandthinkastheRomansdo,andthisisavaluableskillthatnotallpeoplecoulddo.Therearemillionsofpeoplewhowanttotravel,andaneducationaltouristheperfecttimetodoso.Travelingopensnewdoorsandopportunities;italwaysmakesyouwanttolearnmore.Culturesaremanyandwidelydifferent,anditisaveryvaluabletalenttounderstandthepeopleofdifferentcultures.Travelingwithgroupsofotherstudentsissaferthantravelingalone,andbulktravelslikethosecouldalsobehelpfulonthebudget.Groupoffriendscouldstayatoneplaceandgetdiscountsontheplacethatyouwouldn'tgetifyouaretravelingalone.Travelingisfunandmorebudget-friendlywhenwithotherpeopleonaneducationaltour.Travelabroadforamonth.Tryandseeifyouwouldn'tmissyourowncountry.130\nTravelingwouldletyouseeyourowncountryinadifferentway.Thebenefitsofaneducationaltourareallimportant,butthisonecreatespatriotisminaperson.Aschoolisn'taplacewheretheyteachyoutofindtheanswers;itisaplacewhereoneteachesyoutofindthequestionsandlearntheanswersforyourself.Educationaltoursarevaluablethisway.Theyteachyouthatyouarenottheonlyoneseekingforquestionsandthatthereareotherpeoplewhoarewillingtohelpyouonyourwaytoo.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了教育旅游的概念及其相关的细节内容。46.What'seducationaltoursaccordingtothepassage?A.Somethingdonetogainknowledgewhiletraveling.B.Somethingdonetoknowmoreaboutone'sowncountrywhiletraveling.C.Somethingdonetoknowmoreaboutaforeigncountrywhiletraveling.D.Somethingdonetoseekformorefriendswhiletraveling.【答案】A【解析】根据第一段中的“aneducationaltourissomethingdonetogainknowledgewhiletravelingandtouringtosomeplace.”可知A正确。【考点定位】考查细节理解47.Whatareonthetoplistsoftheplacestogotoinaneducationaltour?A.schoolsandchurchesB.governmentbuildingsC.placesofamusementD.Historicalplacesandmuseums【答案】D【解析】根据文章第三段中的“Historicplacesandmuseumsarealwaysontopofthelistsoftheplacestogoinaneducationaltour.”可知D正确。【考点定位】考查细节理解48.Whichstatementiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?A.Educationaltripsalwayscoverlongdistances.B.Whenoneducationaltrips,youseldomhavethechancetotalkwithotherpeople.C.Educationaltripsarealwaystooshorttolearnknowledge.D.Learningtheculturefirstisamustbeforeyougooneducationaltrips【答案】D【解析】根据文章第四段中的“Whenyougoonatriptoanothercountry,itisadvisedthatyoulearntheirculturefirst.”可知D正确。【考点定位】考查判断推理49.Ifyouwanttogoonacheapandsafeeducationaltrip,you'dbetter_____?A.gowithgroupsofotherstudentsB.avoidthetopspotsC.bookoneinadvanceD.learntheculturefirst【答案】A【解析】根据文章第七段中的“Travelingwithgroupsofotherstudentsissaferthantravelingalone,andbulktravelslikethosecouldalsobehelpfulonthebudget.”可知A正确。【考点定位】考查细节理解130\n46.Whatdoestheword"patriotism"intheeighthparagraphmean?A.同情B.爱国心C.羞耻心D.虚荣心【答案】B【解析】根据文章中的“Travelingwouldletyouseeyourowncountryinadifferentway.Thebenefitsofaneducationaltourareallimportant,butthisonecreatespatriotisminaperson.”可推知B正确。【考点定位】考查猜测词义Tobesure,onlychildrenexperiencedsomethingsdifferentlyfromthosewithsistersandbrothers.Manyfeelmorepressuretosucceed.Theyalsotendtolookonlytotheirparentsasrolemodelsintheabsenceofbrothersandsisters.InIndia,10-year-oldSavirajSankpalfoundedasupportgroupforthetinyminorityofonlychildren.Amongotherthings,thegroupdoesvolunteerworktocounter(反对)themyththattheyarenotresponsible.“Peoplethinkwe’retreatedtookindlyandruined,”saysSankpal,acomputerengineeringstudent.“ButI’dliketoremindthemhowlonelyitcanget.”Mostonlychildren,however,saytheywishforsistersorbrothersonlywhenitcomestocaringforaging,unhealthyparents.Britain’sDavidEmerson,coauthorofthebookTheOnlyChild,saysthatsuchapersonbearsterribleburdeninhavingtomakeallthedecisionsalone.Emersonknowsfromexperience:Afterhisfatherdied,hechosetomovehiselderlymotherfromtheirfamilyhome,whereshewasvulnerable(易受攻击的)tohousebreakers,toanewonewithmoresecurity.“Themovewasquitehardonher,andshemightfeelthatIpushedherintoit,”hesays.“Afterall,Iamleftwiththatresponsibility.”Inthefuture,moreandmoreonlychildrenwilllikelyfacesimilarchoices.Withworkingmothersincreasing,manyfamiliesarefindingtheysimplydon’thavethetime,moneyorenergytohavemorethanonechild.Asonlychildrenbecomecommon,perhapstheworldwillrealizethatthechargemadeagainstthemisunjust.1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor’sattitudetowardsonlychildrenis___________.A.ironic　　　B.objective　　　C.unfriendly　　　D.unjust2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatonlychildren’sparentsshould___________.A.foundasupportgroupfortheironlychildrenB.dovolunteerworktohelptheironlychildrenC.lettheironlychildrenmakeallthedecisionsaloneD.setgoodexamplesfortheironlychildren3.Emersondecidedtomovehiselderlymothertoanewhousebecausehe___________.A.istheonlyonewhocaresaboutherB.doesn’twanttoleaveheraloneC.wantstosharetheresponsibilitywithher130\nD.isworriedabouthersafety4.Itisquiteusualnowforaworkingmotherto___________.A.spendallhertimeandmoneyonheronlychildB.beresponsibleforbringingupheronlychildC.haveandbringuponlyonechildD.devoteallherenergytoherjob5.Themainideaofthepassageisthat___________.A.onlychildrenareruinedandirresponsibleB.onlychildrenhavetofacemanychallengesC.mostonlychildrenwanttohavebrothersandsistersD.mostonlychildrensharetheirresponsibilitywiththeirparents解析与答案本文主要讲述了独生子女在社会生活中所遇到的种种困难和各种挑战，他们要面对社会对独生子女的诸多偏见。3Aroundtheworldmoreandmorepeoplearetakingpartindangeroussportsandactivities.Ofcourse，therehavealwaysbeenpeoplewhohavelookedforadventure——thosewhohaveclimbedthehighestmountains,traveledintounknownpartsoftheworldorsailedinsmallboatsacrossthegreatestoceans.Now，however，therearepeoplewholookforanimmediateexcitementforariskyactivitywhichmayonlylastafewminutesorevenseconds.Iwouldconsiderbungeejumping(蹦极跳)tobeagoodexampleforsuchanactivity.Youjumpfromahighplace(perhapsabridgeorahot-airballoon)200metersabovethegroundwithanelastic(有弹性的)ropetiedtoyourankles.Youfallatupto150kilometersanhouruntiltheropestopsyoufromhittingtheground.Otheractivitieswhichmostpeoplewouldsayareasriskyasbungeejumpingincludejumpingfromtallbuildingsanddivingintotheseafromthetopofhighcliffs(悬崖).Whydopeopletakepartinsuchactivitiesasthese?Somepsychologistssuggestthatitisbecauselifeinmodernsocietieshasbecomesafeandboring.Notverylong130\nago，people’sliveswereconstantlyindanger.Theyhadtogooutandhuntforfood;diseasescouldnoteasilybecured;andlifewascontinuousbattleforsurvival(生存).Nowadays，accordingtomanypeople，lifeofferslittleexcitement.Theyliveandworkincomparativelysafeconditions;theybuyfoodinshops;andtherearedoctorsandhospitalstolookafterthemiftheybecomeill.Theanswerforsomeofthesepeopleistolookfordangerinactivitiessuchasbungeejumping.1.Abesttitleforthetextis___________.A.DangerousSports：WhatandWhyB.TheBoredomofModernLifeC.BungeeJumping：IsItReallyDangerous?D.TheNeedforExcitement2.Moreandmorepeopletoday___________.A.aretryingactivitiessuchasbungeejumpingB.areclimbingthehighestmountainsC.arecomingclosetodeathinsportsD.arelookingforadventuressuchastravelingintounknownplaces3.Inbungeejumping，you___________.A.jumpashighasyoucanB.slidedownaropetothegroundC.attach(系)yourselftoaropeandfalltothegroundD.falltowardsthegroundwithoutarope4.Peopleprobablytakepartindangeroussportsnowadaysbecause___________.A.theyhavealotoffreetimeB.theycangotohospitaliftheyareinjuredC.theirlifeisshortofexcitementD.theynolongerneedtohuntforfood5.Thewriterofthetexthasa___________attitudetowardsdangeroussports.A.positive(肯定的)B.negative(否定的)C.neutral(中立的)D.nervous(神经质的)解析与答案4.【解析】文章第三、四段中，心理学家解释了产生这种现象是因为人类生活相对稳定、乏味，缺少刺激，这样才促使人们去参加危险的活动，所以C项入选。130\n【答案】C5.【解析】此题要求明确作者的态度和语气。文章中只是列举了一些刺激的活动，以及人们寻求刺激的原因，作者并未表明自己是赞同，还是反对，他始终保持中立的态度，故选C项。【答案】C【考点预测】2022高考预测预测一高考阅读理解所选材料通常都是国外网站上的地道的英语文章，然后经过命题专家整合、改编而成。文章主要介绍国内外的文化风俗、历史名胜、人文地理、著名人物等。预测二文章的篇幅较短，词数多为280～330，兼顾多种体裁，通常有记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等，要求考生充分利用所给信息，回答文章提出的问题。通常文章难度不大，关键是考查考生高效处理信息的能力，还要求考生对文章有更深层次的理解。但是题目并不容易，很容易出错。全国卷的命题逐渐向地方自主命题卷，尤其是新课标地区的试卷看齐，不断增加词汇量和文章长度，向新课标过渡。预测三题目设置灵活多样，通常以细节理解题为主，推理判断题为辅，兼顾猜测词义、句意题及目的意图题和主旨大意题。这种命题特点要求考生更好地了解文章中的有用信息，提高阅读速度。【母题特供】每个专题5道最典型试题PacingandPausingSaratriedtobefriendheroldfriendSteve'snewwife,butBettyneverseemedtohaveanythingtosay.WhileSarafeltBettydidn'tholdupherendoftheconversation,BettycomplainedtoStevethatSaranevergaveherachancetotalk.Theproblemhadtodowithexpectationsaboutpacingandpausing.Conversationisaturn-takinggame.Whenourhabitsaresimilar,there'snoproblem.Butifourhabitsaredifferent,youmaystarttotalkbeforeI'mfinishedorfailtotakeyourturnwhenI'mfinished.That'swhatwashappeningwithBettyandSara.ItmaynotbecoincidentalthatBetty,whoexpectedrelativelylongerpausesbetweenturns,isBritish,andSara,whoexpectedrelativelyshorterpauses,isAmerican.BettyoftenfeltinterruptedbySara.ButBettyherselfbecameaninterrupterandfoundherselfdoingmostofthetalkingwhenshemetavisitorfromFinland.AndSarahadahardtimecuttinginonsomespeakersfromLatinAmericaorIsrael.Thegeneralphenomenon,then,isthatthesmallconversationtechniques,likepacingandpausing,leadpeopletodrawconclusionsnotaboutconversationalstylebutaboutpersonalityandabilities.Thesehabitualdifferencesareoftenthebasisfordangerousstereotyping(思维定式).Andthesesocialphenomenacanhaveverypersonalconsequences.Forexample,awomanfromthesouthwesternpartoftheUSwenttoliveinaneasterncitytotakeupajobinpersonnel.WhenthePersonnelDepartmentgottogetherformeetings,shekeptsearchingfortherighttimetobreakin--andneverfoundit.Althoughbackhomeshewasconsideredoutgoingandconfident,inWashingtonshewasviewedasshyandretiring.Whenshewasevaluatedattheendoftheyear,shewastoldtotakeatrainingcoursebecauseofherinabilityto130\nspeakup.That'swhyslightdifferencesinconversationalstyle--tinylittlethingslikemicrosecondsofpause-canhaveagreateffectonone'slife.Theresultinthiscasewasajudgmentofpsychologicalproblems---eveninthemindofthewomanherself,whoreallywonderedwhatwaswrongwithherandregisteredforassertivenesstraining.64.WhatdidSarathinkofBettywhentalkingwithher?A.Bettywastalkative.B.Bettywasaninterrupter.C.Bettydidnottakeherturn.D.BettypaidnoattentiontoSara.65.Accordingtothepassage,whoarelikelytoexpecttheshortestpausesbetweenturns?A.Americans.B.Israelis.C.TheBritish.D.TheFinns.66.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat__A.communicationbreakdownresultsfromshortpausesandfastpacingB.womenareunfavorablystereotypedineasterncitiesoftheUSC.one'sinabilitytospeakupisculturallydeterminedsometimesD.oneshouldreceivetrainingtobuildupone'sconfidence67.Theunderlinedword"assertiveness"inthelastparagraphprobablymeans__A.beingwillingtospeakone'smindB.beingabletoincreaseone'spowerC.beingreadytomakeone'sownjudgmentD.beingquicktoexpressone'sideasconfidently130\nTheearliestlastnames,orsurnames,weretakenfromplacenames.AfamilywiththenameBrookorBrooksprobablylivednearbrook(小溪)；someonewhowascalledLongstreetprobablylivedonalong,pavedroad.TheGreenwoodfamilylivedinornearaleafyforest.Otherearlysurnamescamefrompeople’soccupations.ThemostcommonoccupationalnameisSmith,whichmeansapersonwhomakesthingswithironorothermetals.Inthepast,smithswereveryimportantworkersineverytownandvillage.Someotheroccupationalnamesare:Carter—apersonwhoownedordroveacart;Potter—apersonwhomadepotsandpans.TheancestorsoftheBakerfamilyprobablybakedbreadfortheirneighborsintheirnativevillage.TheCarpenter’sgreat-great-great-grandfatherprobablybuilthousesandfurniture.Sometimespeoplewereknownforthecoloroftheirhairorskin,ortheirsize,ortheirspecialabilities.WhenthereweretwomenwhowerenamedJohninthesamevillage,theJohnwiththegrayhairprobablybecameJohnGray.OrtheJohnwasverytallcouldcallhimselfJohnTallman.JohnFishwasprobablyanexcellentswimmerandJohnLightfootwasprobablyafastrunneroragooddancer.Somefamilynamesweremadebyaddingsomethingtothefather’sname.English-speakingpeopleadded–sor–son.TheJohnsonsaredescendantsofJohn;theRobertsfamily’sancestorwasRobert.IrishandScottishpeopleaddedMacorMcorO.PerhapsalloftheMacDonnellsandtheMcDonnellsandtheO’DonnellsaredescendantsofthesameDonnell.56.WhichofthefollowingaspectsdothesurnamesinthepassageNOTcover?130\nA.Placeswherepeoplelived.B.People’scharacters.C.Talentsthatpeoplepossessed.D.People’soccupations.57.Accordingtothepassage,theancestorsofthePotterfamilymostprobably_______.A.ownedordroveacartB.madethingswithmetalsC.madekitchentoolsorcontainsD.builthousesandfurniture58.SupposeandEnglishcouplewhoseancestorslivednearaleafyforestwantedtheirnew-bornsontobecomeaworldleader,thebabymightbenamed_______.A.BeatriceSmithB.LeonardCarterC.GeorgeLongstreetD.DonaldGreenwood59.Theunderlinedword“descendants”inthelastparagraphmeansaperson’s_____A.latergenerationsB.friendsandrelativesC.colleaguesandpartnersD.latersponsors【答案】BCDA【解析】“姓名的由来源远流长，寓意丰富。外国人的姓名更是妙趣横生，让人忍俊不禁。相信这篇融知识性和趣味性于一体的文章，一定会给你带来全新的感受。56．B细节理解题。第五至八段从住所、职业和特殊能力方面叙述了与姓氏相关的内容j姓氏与人们的性格的关系文章中没有内容体现。57．C推理判断题。第六段最后提到姓氏是Potter的人可能制作锅、盘之类的东西，再结合第七段的内容可推测这种姓氏的祖先很可能制作厨房用具或容器。58．D推理判断题。根据文中倒数第二段可知一些人取名特征而来，比如灰头发的取名为JohnGray.高个子的人取名为JohnTallman.可推断出居住在森林旁边的人取名为DonaldGreenwood。可推断D项正确。59．A猜测词义题。词义猜测题。根据最后一段Somefamilynamesweremadebyaddingsomethingtothefather’sname.可推知TheJohnsonsaredescendantsofJohn中的descendants指的是后代。Equippedonlywithapartofbinoculars(双筒望远镜)andreadytospendlonghourswaitinginallweathersforapreciousglanceofararebullfinch(红腹灰雀).Britain’sbirdwatchershadlongbeensupposedtobeloversofaminoritysport.Butnewfiguresshowbirdwatchingisfastbecomingapopularpastime,withalmostthreemillionofusabsorbedinoutflutteringfeatheredfriends.Devotedbirdwatchers,thosepreparedtotravelthousandsofmilesforasightingofarareSiberianbirdarefastbeingjoinedbyanewbreedoffollowerwhoseinterestissatiatedbywatchingafewfinches(雀科鸣鸟)onaSundaywalkorputtingupabird-boxinthebackgarden.“AlmostthreemillionUKbirdwatchersarecertainlypossibleifyouincludeeveryonewithonlyacasualinterest.”StephenMosssaidinthisnewlypublishedbook—ABirdintheRush:asocialHistoryofBird-watching—whichrecordsthepursuitfromtherichVictorianEnglishman’sloveofshootingarebirdstothelessoffensiveobservationaltendenciesofbirdwatcherstoday.Televisionwildlifeprogrammershavehelpedtofuelthenewtrend.Lastsummer,BBC2’sBritainGoerWildwasasurprisesuccess.Itpulledinthreemillionviewersandledtobird-housessellingoutacrosstheUKas45000peoplepromisedtoputupabox.130\nBirdwatchersnetworkingsystemfirstcametotheattentionofthenationin1989,whenabirdwatchercaughtsightofthefirstVermivorachrysopterin—agolden-wingedsongbirdfromNorthAmerica—tobeseeninBritain.Heputamessageoutonthenetworkservice79.Thepassagemainlytellsusabout__________inUK.A.thehistoryofbirdwatchingB.agrowingpassionforbirdwatchingC.theimpactofmediaonbirdwatchingD.birdwatchingasapopularexpensivesport130\n130