2022版高考英语 3-2-1精品系列 专题22 阅读理解 科普知识

3年高考2年模拟1年原创专题22阅读理解——科普知识（教师版）【考点定位】2022考纲解读和近几年考点分布　高考对说明文的考查多为科普说明文，它是阅读理解重要内容，也是高考考查难点。科普类“阅读理解”题愈来愈受到命题者的青睐｡而科普类文章往往具有跨学科､行文逻辑性强等特点,要求考生能从文章的整体逻辑以及重要细节上全面把握｡【试题特点】　　①注重学科渗透,行文逻辑性强,内容抽象｡　　②贴近学生的学习､生活实际,有利于激发学生的思维,对选拔优秀考生有一定的作用｡　　③能全面地考查学生的综合阅读能力和运用所学知识去分析､解决实际问题的能力｡(4)科学方法图示判断题科普说明文常出现科学方法图示判断题，这种试题或以生物依赖关系为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的生物依赖关系；或以工艺流程为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的流程顺序，或以生产方法为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的生产方法；或以机械配制为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的机械配制。解题时一定要认真阅读分析原文对生物依赖关系、发明创造诞生过程和工艺流程过程的介绍，并且边读边画简易草图，以提高理解准确率。分析备选项时应对照原文介绍情况，找出各图不同之处，以便最终做出正确判断。【考点pk】名师考点透析考点一、细节事实理解。一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用下列方式来提问111\n1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)true/correct?2.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?3.Allofthefollowingaretrueexcept...4.Accordingtothepassage,when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc...？1.直接事实题在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。如：AgiantdamwasbuiltmanyyearsagotocontroltheColoradoRiverintheU.S.Thisdamwasbuilttoprotectthelandandhousesaroundtheriver.ThishugedamisintheBlackCanyon.Itispossibletodriveacarfromonesideoftherivertotheotheronaroad，whichisonthetopofthedam.Thisdamissobigthatthereisanelevatorinside.Theelevatorgoesdownforty-fourstoriesfromtheroadtothebottom.ThereisenoughconcreteinthisdamtobuildahighwayfromNewYorktoSanFrancisco.Thousandsofpeopleworkedonthisdamforfiveyears.ThishugedamwascalledBoulderDamwhenitwasfinishedin1936.LateritwasrenamedHooverDaminhonorofapresidentoftheUnitedStates.HooverDam，oneofthehighestdamsintheworld，issituatedbetweenthestatesofArizonaandNevada.Q：HooverDamlies______.A.betweenArizonaandNevadaB.intheBlackCanyonC.betweenNewYorkandSanFranciscoD.bothAandB【解析】由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是D项。2.间接事实题解答此类题，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。InvitedbyMr.YeHuixian，hostofthewell-receivedTVprogramme“StarsTonight”，MissLuoLin，MissAsiaof1991，appearedastheguesthostessontheShanghaiTVscreenlastSunday.BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongkongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold，LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess.Beforeshetookpartinthecompetition，shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlineforsevenyears.However，itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestage，dancing,singing,making-upandotherpropermanners，designedbytheAsiaTVStation.“It’sreallyahardjobforme.Iwon’tenterforsuchcompetitionanymore.Anyhow，Iamquitelucky.IamalsogladtohavehadmorechancetoworkforthesocialwelfaresinceIwonthetitle.Thistime，inShanghai，I’dlovetomakeadeepimpressiononmyTVaudience，”saidLuoLinwithasweetsmile.Q：WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.B.LuoLinmovedtoHongkongwithherparents.C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.111\nD.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.【解析】A、C和D项都可在原文找到答案，而B项原文所给的是：takentoHongkong可判断不是movedtoHongkongwithherparents，因此选B。3、数据推算。IfyouregisterboththeVIEWqualificationcourseandtheForumatthesametime,youwillsave_______.二、此类题的设问方式1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?2.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlydiscuss?3.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?4.Themainpurposeofannouncingtheaboveeventsis__________.考点三、推理推断。推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。此类题的设问常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：1.WecaninferfromthePassagethat__________.2.WhatcanbeinferredfromthePassage?3.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthePassage?4.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that__________.5.Theauthorsuggestsinthisparagraphthat__________.6.Thewriterimpliesthat__________.7.Itcanbeinferredthat__________.8.ItcanbeconcludedfromthePassagethat__________.9.Onthewhole,wecanconcludethat__________.10.Fromthetextwecanconcludethat__________.11.AfterreadingthePassagewemayconcludethat__________.12.WhatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthePassage?13.Theauthorisinclinedtothinkthat__________.14.Whenthewritertalksabout,whathereallymeansisthat__________.111\n15.What’sthewriter’sattitude/feelingtowards...?16.Inthewriter’sopinion,...考点四、词义、句义猜测。词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。此类题的设问方式主要有1.Theword“...”inLine...means/canbereplacedby...2.Asusedinthepassage,thephrase“...”suggests...3.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthattheword/phrase“...”is/referredto...4.Theword“...”isclosestinmeaningto...猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。1.定义法。如:Annealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowly.句子给予annealing以明确的定义，即“退火”。Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是“脆”的意思。Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep，earnsabout650yuanayear.定语从句中looksaftersheep就表明了herdsman的词义为“牧人”。2.同位法。如:Theytraveledalongwayandatlastgottoacastle,alargebuildinginoldtimes.同位语部分alargebuildinginoldtimes给出了castle的确切词义，即“城堡”。Weareonthenightshift—frommidnightto8a.m.—thisweek.两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明nightshift是“夜班”的意思。111\n3.对比法。如:Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.but一词表转折，因此but前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。4.构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)。如:Perhaps,wecanseesomepossibilitiesfornextfiftyyears.Butthenexthundred?possibility是possible的同根名词,据此可以判断定possibility意思是“可能性”。5.因果法。如：Thelackofmovementcausedthemusclestoweaken.Sometimestheweaknesswaspermanent.Sotheplayercouldneverplaythesportagain.从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测permanent的意思为“永远的，永久”。【三年高考】10、11、12高考试题及其解析2022高考英语试题科普知识类[2022·浙江卷]B◆Mostpeopleinsideasoapbubble◆Longestearsonadog◆MostlivinggenerationsDidyoueverwonderwhatistheGuinnessWorldRecordformostlivinggenerationsinonefamily?Sevenistheanswer.TheultimateauthorityonrecordbreakingmentionsonthewebsitethattheyoungestgreatgreatgreatgreatgrandparentofthisfamilywasAugustaBung“aged109years97days,followedbyherdaughteraged89,hergranddaughteraged70,hergreatgranddaughteraged52,hergreatgreatgranddaughteraged33andhergreatgreatgreatgranddaughteraged15onthebirthofhergreatgreatgreatgreat111\ngrandsononJanuary21,1989”．◆MostTshirtswornatonce◆Heaviestpumpkin46．WhyisKenichiItodescribedasamanwitha“superpower”？A．HesetagoodexampletoallJapanese.B．Hemaderecordattemptsin15differentcountries.C．Hesetanewrecordfor“Fastest100mrunningonallfours”．D．Heparticipatedinthe2022GuinnessWorldRecordsDayactivities.47．Jeffriesisthenameof________.A．theownerofthedogwiththelongestearsB．thegrandfatherofthedogwiththelongestearsC．thepresentholderoftherecordfor“Longestearsonadog”D．theformerholderoftherecordfor“Longestearsonadog”48．HowmanyTshirtshadKrunoslavBudiseliputonbeforehefeltitdifficulttogoon?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．68.B．120.C．238.D．245.49．Accordingtothegiveninformation,whichGuinnessWorldRecordwasmostrecentlyset?A．Therecordfor“Mostpeopleinsideasoapbubble”．B．Therecordfor“Mostlivinggenerations”．C．Therecordfor“MostTshirtswornatonce”．D．Therecordfor“Heaviestpumpkin”．【解题导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要向读者介绍6个不同寻常的吉尼斯世界纪录的情况。46.C　细节理解题。从第一则纪录中提到的Heisjustanother…superpowers…KenichiItoran100monallfours…知，KenichiIto创造了最新的最快的100米“四肢爬”纪录，所以选C项。47.D　细节理解题。从文章第三则纪录中Mr.Jeffriesisthepreviousrecordholderofthistitle…可以知道，Mr.Jeffries是前纪录保持者，所以选D项。48.B　细节理解题。从第五则纪录中…TheTshirtsweighed68kgandBudiselisaidhebeganstrugglingaroundTshirtNo.120…可以知道Budiseli在穿了120件T恤后感觉有点困难再穿上T恤了，所以选B项。111\n[2022·四川卷]EPlantsarefloweringfasterthanscientistspredicted(预测)inreactiontoclimatechange,whichcouldhavelongdamagingeffectsonfoodchainsandecosystems.Globalwarmingishavingagreateffectonhundredsofplantandanimalspeciesaroundtheworld,changingsomelivingpatterns,scientistssay.Increasedcarbondioxide(CO2)intheairfromburningcoalandoilcanhaveaneffectonhowplantsproduceoxygen,whilehighertemperaturesandchangeablerainfallpatternscanchangetheirpatternsofgrowth.“Predictingspecies’reactiontoclimatechangeisamajorchallengeinecology，”saidtheresearchersofseveralU．S.universities.Theysaidplantshadbeenthekeyobjectofstudybecausetheirreactiontoclimatechangecouldhaveaneffectonfoodchainsandecosystemservices.Thestudy,publishedontheNaturewebsite,usesthefindingsfromplantlifecyclestudiesandexperimentsacrossfourcontinentsand1,634species.Itfoundthatsomeexperimentshadunderestimated(低估)thespeedoffloweringby8.5timesandleafingby4times.“Acrossallspecies,theexperimentsunderpredictedthespeedoftheadvance－forbothleafingandflowering－thatresultsfromtemperatureincreases，”thestudysaid.Thedesignoffutureexperimentsmayneedtobeimprovedtobetterpredicthowplantswillreacttoclimatechange,itsaid.PlantsarenecessaryforlifeontheEarth.Theyarethebaseofthefoodchain,usingphotosynthesis(光合作用)toproducesugarfromcarbondioxideandwater.Theyletoutoxygenwhichisneededbynearlyeveryorganismontheplanet.Scientistsbelievetheworld’saveragetemperaturehasrisenbyabout0.8℃since1900,andnearly0.2℃everytenyearssince1979.Sofar,effortstocutemissions(排放)ofplanetwarminggreenhousegasesarenotseenasenoughtopreventtheEarthheatingupbeyond2℃thiscentury—apointscientistssaywillbringthedangerofachangeableclimateinwhichweather111\nextremesarecommon,leadingtodrought,floods,cropfailuresandrisingsealevels.57.WhatisthekeyinformationtheauthorwantstogiveinParagraph1?A．Plants’reactiontoweathercouldhavedamagingeffectsonecosystems.B．Theincreasingspeedoffloweringisbeyondscientists’expectation.C．Climatechangeleadstothechangeoffoodproductionpatterns.D．Foodchainshavebeenseriouslydamagedbecauseofweather.58.WecanlearnfromthestudypublishedontheNaturewebsitethat________.A．plants’floweringis8.5timesfasterthanleafingB．thereare1,634plantspeciesonthefourcontinentsC．scientistsshouldimprovethedesignoftheexperimentsD．theexperimentsfailedtopredicthowplantsreacttoclimatechange59.Scientistspayspecialattentiontothestudyofplantsbecause________.A．theycanprovetheclimatechangeclearlyB．theyareveryimportantinthefoodchainsC．theyplayaleadingroleinreducingglobalwarmingD．theyaregrowingandfloweringmuchfasterthanbefore60.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphsabouttheworld’stemperature?A．Ithasrisennearly0.2℃since1979.B．Itschangewillleadtoweatherextremes.C．Itis0.8℃higherin1979thanthatof1900.D．Itneedstobecontrolledwithin2℃inthiscentury.59.B　细节理解题。根据第四段“Theysaidplantshadbeenthekeyobjectofstudybecausetheirreactiontoclimatechangecouldhaveaneffectonfoodchainsandecosystemservices.”可知植物对气候变化的反应对整个食物链和生态系统都至关重要。故答案选B。111\n60.D　推理判断题。从倒数第二段“…hasrisenbyabout0.8℃since1900,andnearly0.2℃everytenyearssince1979.”可知A、C项错误；从最后一段叙述可知，如果本世纪地球变暖超过2℃，便会出现weatherextremes。暗示我们这个世纪地球温度的上升需要控制在2℃的范围之内。故答案选D。[2022·山东卷]DForthosewhoaretiredofdoingthelaundry,Samsunghasfoundananswer:awashingmachinethatcantellyouwhenyourlaundryisdoneviaasmartphoneapp(application).Strangethoughitmayseem—“mywifealreadydoesthat”wasacommonresponseamongattendeesviewingthedevicewhenitwasintroducedattheConsumerElectronicsShow(CES)thisweek—Samsungisjustoneofmanyappliancemakersracingtoinstall(安装)alargenumberofInternetconnectedfeaturesinmachinesinanefforttomakethem“smart”．Lastyear,itwasarefrigeratorthattweeted.Thisyear,it'sWiFienabledlaundrymachinesandfridgesthatcantellyouwhenyourgroceriesaregoingbad.Thewashersanddryers,availablestartinginthespring,connecttoanysmartphonethroughadownloadableapplication.Thephonecanthenbeusedasaremotecontrol,sothemachinescanbeturnedonandoffwhiletheirownerisatworkoronthebus.Samsungsaysit'snotjustsomethingnew—theappconnectionactuallyhassomepracticaluses.“Ifyoustartedtodryclothesinthemorningandforgottotakethemout,youcangotoyourphoneandrestartyourdryerforthetimewhenyoucomehome,soyourclothesarerefreshedandreadytogo，”saidspokespersonAmySchmidt.Thecompanyalsosaysthatwithelectricityrates(电价)varyingdependingonthetimeofday,morecontroloverwhenthemachinesareusedcanhelpsavemoney.Perhaps,butwhattheywillprobablyreallyaccomplishiswhatallgoodtechnologiesdo—enablelaziness.Ratherthangettinguptocheckonwhetherthelaundryisdone,userswillinsteadmonitoritontheirphoneswhilewatchingTV.72.WhatcanbeinferredfromthecommonresponseoftheattendeesattheCES?A.Themachinewillbeabigsuccess.B.Theirwiveslikedoingthelaundry.111\nC.Themachineisunrelatedtotheirlift.D.Thiskindoftechnologyisfamiliartothem.73.Whatcanwelearnaboutthenewlaundrymachines?A.Theycantellyouwhenyourclothesneedwashing.B.Theycanbecontrolledwithasmartphone.C.Theyaredifficulttooperate.D.Theyaresoldatalowprice.74.WecanconcludefromSamsung'sstatementsthat________.A.theappconnectionmakeslifeeasierB.itisbettertodryclothesinthemorningC.smartphonescanshortenthedryingtimeD.weshouldrefreshclothesbackathome75.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Thelaundryshouldbefrequentlychecked.B.Lazypeoplelikeusingsuchmachines.C.Goodtechnologiesalsocauseproblems.D.Televisionmayhelpdothelaundry.[2022·全国卷Ⅱ]B．111\nYoumaythinkthatsailingisadifficultsport,butitisreallynothardtolearnit.Youdonotneedtobestrong.Butyouneedtobequick.Andyouneedtounderstandafewbasicrulesaboutthewind.First,youmustaskyourself，“Whereisthewindcomingfrom?Isitcomingfromaheadorbehindorfromtheside？”Youmustthinkaboutthisallthetimeontheboat.Thewinddirectiontellsyouwhattodowiththesail.Let'sstartwiththewindblowingfrombehind.Thismeansthewindandtheboataregoinginthesamedirection.Thenyoumustalwayskeepthesailoutsidetheboat.Itshouldbeata90°angle(角度)totheboat.Thenitwillcatchthewindbest.Ifthewindisblowingfromtheside,itisblowingacrosstheboat.Inthiscase,youmustkeepthesailhalfwayoutsidetheboat.Itshouldbeata45°angletotheboat.Itneedstobeoutfarenoughtocatchthewind,butitshouldn'tflap(摆动)．Itshouldn'tlooklikeaflagonaflagpole.Ifitisflapping,itisprobablyouttoofar,andtheboatwillslowdown.Sailingintothewindisnotpossible.Ifyoutry,thesailwillflapandtheboatwillstop.Youmaywanttogointhatdirection.Itispossible,butyoucan'tgoinastraightline.Youmustgofirstinonedirectionandtheninanother.Thisiscalledtacking.Whenyouaretacking,youmustalwayskeepthesailinsidetheboat.45.Whatshouldyouconsiderfirstwhilesailing?A．Sailors'strength.B．Wavelevels.C．Winddirections.D．Sizeofsails.46．Whatdoestheword“It”underlinedinParagraph4referto?A．Theboat.B．Thewind.C．Thesail.D．Theangle.47．Whatdoyouhavetodowhensailingagainstthewind?A．Moveinastraightline.B．Allowthesailtoflap.C．Lowerthesail.D．Tacktheboat.48．Wherecanyouprobablyfindthetext?A．Inapopularmagazine.111\nB．Inatouristguidebook.C．Inaphysicstextbook.D．Inanofficialreport.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了航行中关于风向的问题。首先要考虑风向，然后再根据风是从船的后面，侧面还是前面来确定航行的方法。45.C　细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句话“Andyouneedtounderstandafewbasicrulesaboutthewind.”和第二段的内容，可知首先要考虑风向的问题。A项是不需要考虑的，B项和D项没有提及。[2022·辽宁卷]BAstronautsonshortershuttlemissions(使命)oftenworkverylongdays.Tasksarescheduledsotightlythatbreaktimesareoftenusedtofinishtheday'swork.ThistypeofscheduleisfartoodemandingforlongmissionsontheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)．ISScrewmembersusuallyliveinspaceforatleastaquarterofayear.TheyworkfivedaysonandtwodaysofftomimicthenormalwaytheydothingsonEarthasmuchaspossible.Weekendsgivethecrewvaluabletimetorestanddoafewhoursofhousework.Theycancommunicatewithfamilyandfriendsbyemail,Internetphoneandthroughprivatevideoconferences.Whileastronautscannotgotoabaseballgameoramovieinorbit,therearemanyfamiliaractivitiesthattheycanstillenjoy.Beforeamission,thefamilyandfriendsofeachISScrewmemberputtogetheracollectionoffamilyphotos,messages,videosandreadingmaterialfortheastronautstolookatwhentheywillbefloating370kilometersabovetheEarth.Duringtheirmission,thecrewalsoreceivescarepackageswithCDs,books,magazines,photosandletters.Andasfromearly2022,theInternetbecameavailableontheISS,givingastronautsthechancetodosome“websurfing(冲浪)”intheirpersonaltime.Besidesrelaxingwiththesemorecommonentertainments,astronautscansimplyenjoytheexperienceoflivinginspace.111\nManyastronautssaythatoneofthemostrelaxingthingstodoinspaceistolookoutthewindowandstareattheuniverseandtheEarth.BoththeshuttleandtheISScircletheplanetseveraltimeseachday,andeverymomentoffersanewviewoftheEarth'svastlandmassandoceans.60．Whatdoestheword“mimic”inParagraph1probablymean?A．Find.B．Copy.C．Change.　D．Lose.61．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefamiliesoftheastronautsontheISS?A．Theyarecaringandthoughtful.B．Theyareworriedandupset.C．Theyareimpatientandannoyed.D．Theyareexcitedandcurious.62．Inthefinalparagraph,theauthorshowsthatastronauts________.A．getmorepleasureinspacethanontheEarthB．findlivinginspaceabitboringandtiringC．regardspacelifeascommonD．lovetoseetheEarthfromspace63．Thepassagemainlydiscusseshowastronauts________.A．workforlongermissionsinspaceB．connectwithpeopleontheEarthC．observetheEarthfromspaceD．spendtheirfreetimeinspace111\n63.D　主旨大意题。全文讲述了国际空间站的宇航员是如何度过工作之余的闲暇时间的。B、C有一定的干扰性。文章提到过宇航员与地面上的家人和朋友的联系，也提到了他们透过窗子看地球上的景观，但是这些都是细节，而不是主题。[2022·江苏卷]CMedicaldrugssometimescausemoredamagethantheycure.Onesolutiontothisproblemistoputthedrugsinsideacapsule,protectingthemfromthebody—andthebodyfromthem—untiltheycanbereleasedatjusttherightspot.Therearelotsofwaystotrigger(引发)thisrelease，includingchangingtemperature,acidity,andsoon.Buttriggerscancomewiththeirownrisks—burns,forexample.Now,researchersinCaliforniahavedesignedwhatcouldbeaharmlesstriggertodate:shiningnearinfraredlight(NIR,近红外线)onthedruginthecapsule.Theideaofusinglighttoliberatethedruginthecapsuleisn'tnew.Researchersaroundtheglobehavedevelopedpolymers(聚合物)andothermaterialsthatbegintobreakdownwhentheyabsorbeitherultraviolet(UV,紫外线)orvisiblelight.ButtissuesalsoreadilyabsorbUVandvisiblelight,whichmeansthedrugreleasecanbetriggeredonlyneartheskin,wherethelightcanreachthecapsule.NIRlightlargelypassesthroughtissues,soresearchershavetriedtouseitasatrigger.Butfewcompounds(化合物)absorbNIRwellandgothroughchemicalchanges.ThatchangedlastyearwhenAdahAlmutairi,achemistattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,reportedthatsheandhercolleagueshaddesignedapolymerthatbreaksdownwhenitabsorbsNIRlight.TheirpolymerusedacommerciallyavailableNIRabsorbinggroupcalledonitrobenzyl(ONB).Whentheycatchthelight,ONBgroupsfalloffthepolymer,leadingtoitsbreakdown.ButONBisonlyasosoNIRabsorber,anditcouldbepoisonoustocellswhenitseparatesfromthepolymer.SoAlmutairiandhercolleaguesreportedcreatinganewmaterialforcapsulesthat'sevenbetter.Thisoneconsistsofalongchainofcompoundscalledcresolgroupslinkedinapolymer.Cresolcontainsreactive(易反应的)componentsthatmakeithighlyunstableinitspolymericform,afeatureAlmutairiandhercolleaguesusetotheiradvantage.Afterpolymerizingthecresols,theycapeachreactivecomponentwithalightabsorbingcompoundcalledBhc.WhentheBhcsabsorbNIRlight,thereactivegroupsareexposedandbreakthelongpolymerintotwoshort111\nchains.Shiningadditionallightcontinuesthisbreakdown,potentiallyreleasinganydrugsinthecapsule.What'smore,Almutairisays,Bhcis10timesbetteratabsorbingNIRthanisONBandisnotpoisonoustocells.63.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttrigger?A.Temperaturechange.B.NIRlight.C.Aciditychange.D.UVlight.64.WhyisONBunsatisfactory?A.ItbreaksdownwhenitabsorbsNIRlight.B.Itfallsoffthepolymerandtriggersdrugrelease.C.Ithasnotcomeontothemarketuptillnow.D.Itisnoteffectiveenoughandcouldbepoisonous.65.Whichwordcanbeusedtocompletethefollowingprocessofchanges?⇨⇨⇨A.protectedB.formedC.exposedD.combined【解题导语】这是一篇科技文。怎样使用胶囊？如何让吃药更加安全、疗效更好？文章对此做了介绍。[2022·湖南卷]CHarvardresearchershavecreatedatough,lowcost,biodegradable(可生物降解的)materialinspiredbyinsects'hardoutershells.Thematerial'sinventorssayithasanumberofpossibleusesandsomedaycouldprovideamoreenvironmentallyfriendlyalternativetoplastic.Thematerial,madefromshrimp(虾)shellsandproteinsproducedfromsilk,iscalled“shrilk.”Itisthin,clear,111\nflexibleandstrong.Amajorbenefitofthematerialisitsbiodegradability.Plastic'stoughnessandflexibilityrepresentedarevolutioninmaterialsscienceduringthe1950sand'60s.Decadeslater,however,plastic'sverydurability(耐用性)israisingquestionsabouthowappropriateitisforonetimeproductssuchasplasticbags,orshortlivedconsumergoods,usedinthehomeforafewyearsandthencastintoalandfillwheretheywilldegradeforcenturies.Whatisthepointofmakingsomethingthatlasts1,000years?Shrilknotonlywilldegradeinalandfill,butitsbasiccomponentsareusedasfertilizer(肥料),andsowillenrichthesoil.Shrilkhasgreatpotential,theinventorssaid.Materialsfromwhichitismadeareplentifulinnature,foundineverythingrangingfromshrimpshells,insectbodiestolivingplants.Thatmakesshrilklowcost,anditsmassproductionpossibleshoulditbeusedforproductsdemandingalotofmaterial.Workonshrilkiscontinuinginthelab.Theinventorssaidthematerialbecomesflexiblewhenwet,sothey’reexploringwaystouseitinwetenvironments.They’realsodevelopingsimplerproductionprocesses,whichcouldbeusedfornonmedicalproducts，likeforcomputercasesandotherproductsinsidethehome.They’reevenexploringcombiningitwithothermaterials，likecarbonfibers,togiveitnewproperties.66.Paragraph1ofthepassageismainlyaboutshrilk's________.A．remarkabledesignB．interestingnameC．majorfeaturesD．basicelements67.Whathasbecomeaconcernaboutplastic?A．Usingitproperly.B．Producingitcheaply.C．Developingitspropertiesquickly.D．Evaluatingitscontributionsfairly.68.Accordingtotheinventors，shrilkhasgreatpotentialpartlybecause________.A．itcanhelpplasticdegradeB．itcanbefoundinlivingthings111\nC．itsmassproductionhasbeenrealizedD．itsrawmaterialsareabundantinnature69.Whataretheinventorsdoinginthelab?A．Replacingcarbonfiberswithshrilk.B．Testingshrilk'suseinwetconditions.C．Makingshrilkoutofusedhouseholdgoods.D．Improvingshrilk’sflexibilityformedicalpurposes.70.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．RecentProgressinEnvironmentalProtectionB．BenefitsofInsectsinScientificResearchC．TheHarmofOnetimeProductsD.APossibleAlternativetoPlastic【解题导语】本文是一篇科普说明文。介绍了科技新发现：从动物外壳提炼的具有可生物降解特性的材料以及它的广泛用途。66.C　段落大意题。考查对段落主题的理解和判断能力。根据第一段Harvardresearchershavecreatedatough,lowcost,biodegradable…可以推知，选项C符合文意。67.A　细节理解题。考查对文章特定细节的理解和判断能力。根据文章第二段…however,plastic’sverydurabilityisraisingquestionsabouthowappropriateitisforonetimeproducts…可以推知，选项A符合文意。[2022·湖北卷]EBrrriiinnng.Thealarmclockannouncesthestartofanotherbusyweekdayinthemorning.Youjumpoutofbed,rushintotheshower,intoyourclothesandoutthedoorwithhardlyamomenttothink.Astressfuljourneytoworkgetsyourbloodpressureclimbing.Onceattheoffice,youglancethroughthenewspaperwith111\ndepressingstoriesorreportsofdisasters.Inthatsortofmood,whocangetdowntowork,particularlysomecreative,originalproblemsolvingwork?Thewaymostofusspendourmorningsisexactlyoppositetotheconditionsthatpromoteflexible,openmindedthinking.Imaginativeideasaremostlikelytocometouswhenwe'reunfocused.Ifyouareoneofthoseenergeticmorningpeople,yourmostinventivetimecomesintheearlyeveningwhenyouarerelaxed.Sleepypeople'slackoffocusleadstoanincreaseincreativeproblemsolving.Bynotgivingyourselftimetotune_into_your_wandering_mind,_you'remissingoutonthesurprisingsolutionsitmayoffer.Thetripyoutaketoworkdoesn'thelp,either.Thestressslowsdownthespeedwithwhichsignalstravelbetweenneurons(神经细胞),makinginspirationslesslikelytooccur.Andwhileweallshouldreadalotaboutwhat'sgoingonintheworld,itwouldnotmakeyoufeelgoodforsure,soputthatnewswebsiteornewspaperasideuntilaftertheday'sworkisdone.Sowhatwouldourmorningslooklikeifwewantedtostartthemwithafullcapacityforcreativeproblemsolving?We'dsetthealarmafewminutesearlyandlieawakeinbed,followingourthoughtswheretheylead.We'dstandalittlelongerunderthewarmwateroftheshower,stoppingthinkingabouttasksinfavorofafewmoreminutesofrelaxation.We'dtakesomedeepbreathsonourwaytowork,insteadofcomplainingaboutheavytraffic.Andonceintheoffice—afterwegetacupofcoffee—we'dclickonlinksnottothenewsofthedaybuttothefunniestvideosthewebhastooffer.67．Accordingtotheauthor,wearemorecreativewhenweare________.A．focusedB．relaxedC．awakeD．busy68．Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutnewspapers?A．Theyaresolutionproviders.B．Theyareasourceofinspiration.C．Theyarenormallyfullofbadnews.D．Theyaremoreeducationalthanwebsites.69．By“tuneintoyourwanderingmind”(inPara.2),theauthormeans“________”．A．wanderintothewildB．listentoabeautifultune111\nC．switchtothetrafficchannelD．stopconcentratingonanything70．Theauthorwritesthelastparagraphinorderto________.A．offerpracticalsuggestionsB．summarizepastexperiencesC．advocatediversewaysoflifeD．establisharoutineforthefuture[2022·广东卷]BIhavebeenconsistentlyopposedtofeedingababyregularly.Asadoctor,motherandscientistinchilddevelopmentIbelievethereisnothingtorecommendit,fromthebaby'spointofview.Mothers,doctorsandnursesalikehavenoideaofwhereababy'sbloodsugarlevellies.Allweknowisthatalowlevelisharmfultobraindevelopmentandmakesababyeasilyannoyed.Inthisstate,thebabyisdifficulttocalmdownandsleepisimpossible.Thebabyasksforattentionbycryingandsearchingforfoodwithitsmouth.Itisnotjustunkindbutalsodangeroustosayafourhourlyfeedingschedulewillmakeababysatisfied.ThefirstoftheexpertstoadvocateastrictclockwatchingschedulewasDrFredericTrubyKingwhowasagainstfeedinginthenight.I'veneverheardanythingsoridiculous.Babyfeedingshouldn'tfollowatimetablesetbythemum.Whatisimportantisfeedingababyinthebestway,thoughitmaycausesomeinconvenienceinthefirstfewweeks.111\nWell,atlastwehavecopperbottomedresearchthatsupportsdemandfeedingandpointsouttheweaknessesofstrictlytimedfeeding.Theresearchfindsoutthatbabieswhoarefedondemanddobetteratschoolatage5,7,11and14,thanbabiesfedaccordingtotheclock.Bytheageof8,theirIQ(智商)scoresarefourtofivepercenthigherthanbabiesfedbyarigidtimetable.ThisresearchcomesfromOxfordandEssexUniversityusingasample(样本)of10,419childrenbornintheearly1990s,takingaccountofparentaleducation,familyincome,achild'ssexandage,themother'shealthandfeedingstyle.Theseresultsdon'tsurpriseme.Feedingaccordingtoschedulerunstheriskofharmingtherapidlygrowingbrainbytakingnoaccountofsinkingbloodsugarlevels.Ihopethisresearchwillputanendtoadvocatingstrictlytimedbabyfeedingpractices.31.AccordingtoParagraph2,onereasonwhyababycriesisthatitfeels________.A．sickB．upsetC．sleepyD．hungry32.WhatdoestheauthorthinkaboutDrKing?A．Heisstrict.B．Heisunkind.C．Hehasthewrongidea.D．Hesetsatimetableformothers.33.ThewordcopperbottomedinParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto________.A．basicB．reliableC．surprisingD．interesting34.Whatdoestheresearchtellusaboutfeedingababyondemand?A．Thebabywillsleepwell.B．Thebabywillhaveitsbrainharmed.C．Thebabywillhavealowbloodsugarlevel.D．Thebabywillgrowtobewiserbytheageof8.35.Theauthorsupportsfeedingthebaby________.A．inthenightB．everyfourhours111\nC．wheneveritwantsfoodD．accordingtoitsbloodsugarlevel【解题导语】这是一篇议论文。主要介绍了怎样喂婴儿，是根据婴儿的需求还是按照时间表。根据调查研究发现，按照婴儿的需求喂婴儿要比按照时间规定喂婴儿要好很多。34.D　细节理解题。根据第四段Bytheageof8,theirIQ(智商)scoresarefourtofivepercenthigherthanbabiesfedbyarigidtimetable.看出答案。故选D。35.C　细节理解题。本文的第一句(Ihavebeenconsistentlyopposedtofeedingababyregularly)就提出观点，“反对定时喂婴儿”，最后一句(Ihopethisresearchwillputanendtoadvocatingstrictlytimedbabyfeedingpractices)希望结束严格按时喂养的习惯。既然是“不定时”，也就是按婴儿需要喂养，故选C。[2022·福建卷]DDoyouknowhowitiswhenyouseesomeoneyawnandyoustartyawningtoo?Orhowharditistobeamongpeoplelaughingandnotlaughyourself?Well,apparentlyit'sbecausewehavemirrorneurons(神经元)inourbrains.Putsimply,theexistenceofmirrorneuronssuggeststhateverytimeweseesomeoneelsedosomething,ourbrainsimitate(模仿)it,whetherornotweactuallyperformthesameaction.Thisexplainsagreatdealabouthowwelearntosmile,talk,walk,danceorplaysports.Buttheideagoesfurther:mirrorneuronsnotonlyappeartoexplainphysicalactions,theyalsotellusthatthereisabiologicalbasisforthewayweunderstandotherpeople.111\nMirrorneuronscanundoubtedlybefoundalloverourbrains,butespeciallyintheareaswhichrelatetoourabilitytouselanguages,andtounderstandhowotherpeoplefeel.Researchershavefoundthatmirrorneuronsrelatestronglytolanguage.Agroupofresearchersdiscoveredthatiftheygavepeoplesentencestolistento(forexample：“Thehandtookholdoftheball”),thesamemirrorneuronsweretriggeredaswhentheactionwasactuallyperformed(inthisexample,actuallytakingholdofaball)．Anyproblemswithmirrorneuronsmaywellresultinproblemswithbehavior.Muchresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewithsocialandbehavioralproblemshavemirrorneuronswhicharenotfullyfunctioning.However,itisnotyetknownexactlyhowthesediscoveriesmighthelpfindtreatmentsforsocialdisorders.Researchintomirrorneuronsseemstoprovideuswithevermoreinformationconcerninghowhumansbehaveandinteract(互动)．Indeed,itmayturnouttobetheequivalent(相等物)forneuroscienceofwhatEinstein'stheoryofrelativitywasforphysics.Andthenexttimeyoufeeltheurgetocoughinthecinemawhensomeoneelsedoes—well,perhapsyou'llunderstandwhy.67．Mirrorneuronscanexplain________.A．whywecrywhenwearehurtB．whywecoughwhenwesufferfromacoldC．whywesmilewhenweseesomeoneelsesmileD．whyweyawnwhenweseesomeoneelsestayuplate68．Theunderlinedword“triggered”inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans“________”．A．setoffB．cutoffC．builtupD．brokenup69．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatmirrorneurons________.A．relatetohumanbehaviorandinteractionB．controlhumanphysicalactionsandfeelingsC．resultinbadbehaviorandsocialdisordersD．determineourknowledgeandlanguageabilities70．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Waystofindmirrorneurons.B．Problemsofmirrorneurons.C．Existenceofmirrorneurons.111\nD．Functionsofmirrorneurons.[2022·北京卷]CDecisionmakingunderStressAnewreviewbasedonaresearchshowsthatacutestressaffectsthewaythebrainconsiderstheadvantagesanddisadvantages,causingittofocusonpleasureandignorethepossiblenegative(负面的)consequencesofadecision.Theresearchsuggeststhatstressmaychangethewaypeoplemakechoicesinpredictableways.“Stressaffectshowpeoplelearn，”saysProfessorMaraMather.“Peoplelearnbetteraboutpositivethannegativeoutcomesunderstress.”Forexample,tworecentstudieslookedathowpeoplelearnedtoconnectimages(影像)witheitherrewardsorpunishments.Inoneexperiment,someoftheparticipantswerefirststressedbyhavingtogiveaspeechanddodifficultmathproblemsinfrontofanaudience;intheother,somewerestressedbyhavingtokeeptheirhandsinicewater.Inbothcases,thestressedparticipantsrememberedtherewardedmaterialmoreaccuratelyandthepunishedmateriallessaccuratelythanthosewhohadn'tgonethroughthestress.Thisphenomenonislikelynotsurprisingtoanyonewhohastriedtoresisteatingcookiesorsmokingacigarettewhileunderstress—atthosemoments,onlythepleasureassociatedwithsuchactivitiescomestomind.Butthefindingsfurthersuggestthatstressmaybringaboutadoubleeffect.Notonlyarerewardingexperiencesrememberedbetter,butnegativeconsequencesarealsoeasilyrecalled.Theresearchalsofoundthatstressappearstoaffectdecisionmaking111\ndifferentlyinmenandwomen.Whilebothmenandwomentendtofocusonrewardsandlessonconsequencesunderstress,theirresponsestoriskturnouttobedifferent.Menwhohadbeenstressedbythecoldwatertasktendedtotakemorerisksintheexperimentwhilewomenrespondedintheoppositeway.Instressfulsituationsinwhichrisktakingcanpayoffbig,menmaytendtodobetter;whencautionweighsmore,however,womenwillwin.Thistendencytoslowdownandbecomemorecautiouswhendecisionsareriskymightalsohelpexplainwhywomenarelesslikelytobecomeaddictedthanmen:theymaymoreoftenavoidmakingtheriskychoicesthateventuallyhardenintoaddiction.64．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatpeopleunderpressuretendto________.A．keeprewardsbetterintheirmemoryB．recallconsequencesmoreeffortlesslyC．makeriskydecisionsmorefrequentlyD．learnasubjectmoreeffectively65．Accordingtotheresearch,stressaffectspeoplemostprobablyintheir________.A．waysofmakingchoicesB．preferenceforpleasureC．toleranceofpunishmentsD．responsestosuggestions66．Theresearchhasprovedthatinastressfulsituation,________.A．womenfinditeasiertofallintocertainhabitsB．menhaveagreatertendencytoslowdownC．womenfocusmoreonoutcomesD．menaremorelikelytotakerisks【解题导语】本文主要讲述的是压力对人做出决定的影响以及男女在面对压力时决定方式的不同。64.A　细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Inbothcases,thestressedparticipantsrememberedtherewardedmaterialmoreaccuratelyandthepunishedmateriallessaccuratelythanthosewhohadn'tgonethroughthestress.”可知A为正确答案。111\n[2022·安徽卷]AWelcometooneofthelargestcollectionsoffootwear(鞋类)intheworldthatwillmakeyougreenwithenvy.HereattheFootwearMuseumyoucanseeexhibits(展品)fromallovertheworld.YoucanfindoutaboutshoeswornbyeveryonefromtheAncientEgyptianstopopstars.Room1Thecelebrity(名人)footwearsectionisprobablythemostpopularintheentiremuseum.Startedinthe1950sthereisawidevarietyofshoesandbootsbelongingtoeveryonefromqueensandpresidentstopopstarsandactors!Mostvisitorsfindthecelebrities'choiceoffootwearextremelyinteresting.Room2Mostofourvisitorsareamazed—andshocked—bythecollectionof“specialpurpose”shoesonexhibitionhereattheMuseumofFootwear.Forexample,thereareChineseshoesmadeofsilkthatwerewornbywomentotietheirfeetfirmlytopreventthemfromgrowingtoomuch！111\nRoom3Aswellasshoesandboots,themuseumalsoexhibitsshoeshapedobjects.Thevarietyisunbelievable.Forexample,thereisametallampthatresemblesapairofshoes,andGreekwinebottlesthatlooklikelegs！TheFootwearLibraryPeoplecomefromallovertheworldtostudyinourexcellentfootwearlibrary.Designersandresearcherscomeheretolookupinformationonanythingandeverythingrelatedtothesubjectoffootwear.56.Wherewouldyoufindafamoussinger'sshoes?A.Room1.B.Room2.C.Room3.D.TheFootwearLibrary.57.Allexhibitseachroom________.A.sharethesamethemeB.havethesameshapeC.aremadeofthesamematerialD.belongtothesamesocialclass58.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?A.TheoldestexhibitsinRoom1weremadeinthe1950s.B.Room2isthemostvisitedplaceinthemuseum.C.Room3hasarichervarietyofexhibitsthantheothertwo.D.ResearcherscometotheFootwearLibraryfordata.59.Thepurposeofthetextistogetmorepeopleto________.A.doresearchB.designshoesC.visitthemuseumD.followcelebrities【解题导语】本文讲述世界上最大的收集鞋类的博物馆之一——FootwearMuseum。56.A　细节推断题。Room1中有名人鞋的展品，所以选A。57.A　推理判断题。每个展厅的展品都和“鞋类”有关。所以选A。111\n58.D　细节推断题。根据TheFootwearLibrary中Designersandresearcherscomeheretolookupinformationonanythingandeverythingrelatedtothesubjectoffootwear.可判断研究者是为了收集资料。59.C　推理判断题。本文讲述了世界上最大的收集鞋类的博物馆之一——FootwearMuseum，目的是吸引更多的人来参观。[2022·安徽卷]EWelcometoyourfuturelife!Yougetupinthemorningandlookintothemirror.Yourfaceisfirmandyounglooking.In2035,medicaltechnologyisbetterthanever.Manypeopleyouragecouldlivetobe150，soat40,you'renotoldatall.Andyourparentsjusthadanantiaging(抗衰老的)treatment.Now,allthreeofyoulookthesameage!Yousaytoyourshirt,“Turnred.”Itchangesfrombluetored.In2035,“smartclothes”containparticles(粒子)muchsmallerthanthecellsinyourbody.Theparticlescanbeprogrammedtochangeyourclothes'colororpattern.Youwalkintothekitchen.Youpickupthemilk,butavoicesays，“Youshouldn'tdrinkthat！”Yourfridgehasreadthechip(芯片)thatcontainsinformationaboutthemilk,anditknowsthemilkisold.In2035,everyarticleoffoodinthegrocerystorehassuchachip.It'stimetogotowork.In2035,carsdrivethemselves.Justtellyour“smartcar”wheretogo.Ontheway,youcancallafriendusingyourjacketsleeve.Such“smarttechnology”isallaroundyou.Sowillallthesethingscometrue?“Fornewtechnologytosucceed，”saysscientistAndrewZolli，“ithastobesomuchbetterthatitreplaceswhatwehavealready.”TheInternetisoneexample—whatwillbethenext?72.Wecanlearnfromthetextthatinthefuture________.A.peoplewillnevergetoldB.everyonewilllookthesameC.redwillbethemostpopularcolorD.clotheswillbeabletochangetheirpattern73.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph4?A.Milkwillbeharmfultohealth.111\nB.Moredrinkswillbeavailableforsale.C.Foodinthegrocerystorewillcarryelectronicinformation.D.Milkinthegrocerystorewillstayfreshmuchlonger.74.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthetext?A.NothingcanreplacetheInternet.B.Fridgeswillknowwhatpeopleneed.C.Jacketsleevescanbeusedasaguide.D.Carswillbeabletodriveautomatically.75．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Foodandclothingin2035.B.Futuretechnologyineverydaylife.C.Medicaltreatmentsofthefuture.D.Thereasonforthesuccessofnewtechnology.[2022·福建卷]DDoyouknowhowitiswhenyouseesomeoneyawnandyoustartyawningtoo?Orhowharditistobeamongpeoplelaughingandnotlaughyourself?Well,apparentlyit'sbecausewehavemirrorneurons(神经元)inourbrains.Putsimply,theexistenceofmirrorneuronssuggeststhateverytimeweseesomeoneelsedosomething,ourbrainsimitate(模仿)it,whetherornotweactuallyperformthesameaction.Thisexplainsagreatdealabouthowwelearntosmile,talk,walk,danceorplaysports.Buttheideagoesfurther:mirrorneuronsnotonly111\nappeartoexplainphysicalactions,theyalsotellusthatthereisabiologicalbasisforthewayweunderstandotherpeople.Mirrorneuronscanundoubtedlybefoundalloverourbrains,butespeciallyintheareaswhichrelatetoourabilitytouselanguages,andtounderstandhowotherpeoplefeel.Researchershavefoundthatmirrorneuronsrelatestronglytolanguage.Agroupofresearchersdiscoveredthatiftheygavepeoplesentencestolistento(forexample：“Thehandtookholdoftheball”),thesamemirrorneuronsweretriggeredaswhentheactionwasactuallyperformed(inthisexample,actuallytakingholdofaball)．Anyproblemswithmirrorneuronsmaywellresultinproblemswithbehavior.Muchresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewithsocialandbehavioralproblemshavemirrorneuronswhicharenotfullyfunctioning.However,itisnotyetknownexactlyhowthesediscoveriesmighthelpfindtreatmentsforsocialdisorders.Researchintomirrorneuronsseemstoprovideuswithevermoreinformationconcerninghowhumansbehaveandinteract(互动)．Indeed,itmayturnouttobetheequivalent(相等物)forneuroscienceofwhatEinstein'stheoryofrelativitywasforphysics.Andthenexttimeyoufeeltheurgetocoughinthecinemawhensomeoneelsedoes—well,perhapsyou'llunderstandwhy.67．Mirrorneuronscanexplain________.A．whywecrywhenwearehurtB．whywecoughwhenwesufferfromacoldC．whywesmilewhenweseesomeoneelsesmileD．whyweyawnwhenweseesomeoneelsestayuplate68．Theunderlinedword“triggered”inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans“________”．A．setoffB．cutoffC．builtupD．brokenup69．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatmirrorneurons________.A．relatetohumanbehaviorandinteractionB．controlhumanphysicalactionsandfeelingsC．resultinbadbehaviorandsocialdisordersD．determineourknowledgeandlanguageabilities70．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Waystofindmirrorneurons.111\nB．Problemsofmirrorneurons.C．Existenceofmirrorneurons.D．Functionsofmirrorneurons.【解题导语】本文是一篇科普说明文。介绍了镜像神经元的作用。67.C　推理判断题。从第二段的第一句话“everytimeweseesomeoneelsedosomething,ourbrainsimitateit”可知镜像神经元的作用就是当我们看到别人做某事，我们也会跟着做。68.A　词义猜测题。根据第三段镜像神经元对语言的作用，当人们听到“手抓住球”这句话时，神经元就开始起作用了，就像手抓住球这个动作真的发生一样。setoff：出发；触发。69.A　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知答案。70.D　主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了人体镜像神经元的作用。[2022·课标全国卷]BHoneyfromtheAfricanforestisnotonlyakindofnaturalsugar,itisalsodelicious.Mostpeople,andmanyanimals,likeeatingit.However,theonlywayforthemtogetthathoneyistofindawildbees'nestandtakethehoneyfromit.Often,thesenestsarehighupintrees,anditisdifficulttofindthem.InpartsofAfrica,though,peopleandanimalslookingforhoneyhaveastrangeandunexpectedhelper—alittlebirdcalledahoneyguide.Thehoneyguidedoesnotactuallylikehoney,butitdoeslikethewaxinthebeehives(蜂房).Thelittlebirdcannotreachthiswax,whichisdeepinsidethebees'nest.So,whenitfindsasuitablenest,itlooksforsomeonetohelpit.Thehoneyguidegivesaloudcrythatattractstheattentionofbothpassinganimalsandpeople.Onceithastheirattention,itfliesthroughtheforest,waitingfromtimetotimeforthecuriousanimalorpersonasitleadsthemtothenest.Whentheyfinallyarriveatthenest,the_followerreachesintogetatthedelicioushoneyasthebirdpatientlywaitsandwatches.Someofthehoney,andthewax,alwaysfallstotheground,andthisiswhenthehoneyguidetakesitsshare.Scientistsdonotknowwhythehoneyguidelikeseatingthewax,butitisverydeterminedinitseffortstogetit.Thebirdsseemtobeabletosmellwaxfromalongdistanceaway.Theywillquicklyarrivewheneverabeekeeperistakinghoneyfromhisbeehives,andwillevenenterchurcheswhenbeeswaxcandlesarebeing111\nlit.60.Whyisitdifficulttofindawildbees'nest?A.It'ssmallinsize.B.It'shiddenintrees.C.It'scoveredwithwax.D.It'shardtorecognize.61.Whatdothewords“thefollower”inParagraph2referto?A.Abee.　　　　　　　　B.Abird.C.Ahoneyseeker.D.Abeekeeper.62.Thehoneyguideisspecialintheway________.A.itgetsitsfoodB.itgoestochurchC.itsingsintheforestD.itreachesintobees'nests63.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.WildBeesB.WaxandHoneyC.BeekeepinginAfricaD.HoneyLover'sHelper【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了honeylover'shelper独特的掠食方式，它帮助人和动物找到蜂蜜，待到他们吃掉蜂蜜后，它再吃蜂蜡。科学家们对此也感到迷惑不解。111\n[2022·陕西卷]CEatingtoomuchfattyfood,exercisingtoolittleandsmokingcanraiseyourfutureriskofheartdisease.Butthereisanotherfactorthatcancauseyourheartproblemsmoreimmediately：theairyoubreathe.Previousstudieshavelinkedhighexposure(暴露)toenvironmentalpollutiontoanincreasedriskofheartproblems，buttwoanalysesnowshowthatpoorairqualitycanleadtoheartattackorstroke(中风)withinaslittleasafewhoursafterexposure.Inonereviewoftheresearch，scientistsfoundthatpeopleexposedtohighlevelsofpollutants(污染物)wereupto5%morelikelytosufferaheartattackwithindaysofexposurethanthosewithlowerexposure.AseparatestudyofstrokepatientsshowedthatevenairthattheU．S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)considerstobeof“moderate”(良好)qualityandrelativelysafeforourhealthcanraisetheriskofstrokeasmuchas34%within12to14hoursofexposure.Theauthorsofbothstudiesstressthattheserisksarerelativelysmallforhealthypeopleandcertainlymodestcomparedwithotherriskfactorssuchassmokingandhighbloodpressure.However,itisimportanttobeawareofthesedangersbecauseeveryoneisexposedtoairpollutionregardlessoflifestylechoices.SostricterregulationbytheEPAofpollutantsmaynotonlyimproveenvironmentalairqualitybutcouldalsobecomenecessarytoprotectpublichealth.53．Thetextmainlydiscussestherelationshipbetween________.111\nA．heartproblemsandairqualityB．heartproblemsandexercisingC．heartproblemsandsmokingD．heartproblemsandfattyfood54.Theunderlinedword“modest”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans________.A．relativelyhighB．extremelylowC．relativelylowD．extremelyhigh55．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Eatingfattyfoodhasimmediateeffectsonyourheart.B．TheEPAconductedmanystudiesonairquality.C．Moderateairqualityismoreharmfulthansmoking.D．Stricterregulationsonpollutantsshouldbemade.56．Theauthor'spurposeofwritingthetextismostlikelyto________.A．informB．persuadeC．describeD．entertain【解题导语】众所周知，摄入过多脂肪、缺乏锻炼以及长期吸烟会增加患心脏病的风险，但最新的研究表明，另外一项我们平时不注意的东西更使我们患心脏病的风险大大增加，那就是我们所呼吸的空气。53．A　主旨大意题。根据本文主题句——第一段的最后一句可知本文大意是说明空气质量和心脏病发病率之间的关系，选A。54．C　词义猜测题。此处指对于健康人来说，这些危险相对较小，当然比起像吸烟、高血压这些其他危险因素来说，空气污染的危险相对较低，故推测modest在此意为“相对较低的”，选C。55．D　事实细节题。根据最后一句可知本题选D。56．A　写作意图题。本文是一篇说明文，主要意思是说明人们所呼吸的空气和心脏病的发病率之间的关系，由此可知作者的写作目的是告知人们一个事实，故本题选A。2022高考英语试题（2022·湖南卷）CArecentstudyofancientandmodernelephanthascomeupwiththeunexpectedconclusionthattheAfricanelephantisdividedintotwodistinct(不同的)speciesThediscoverywasmadebyresearchersatYorkandHarvardUniversitywhentheywereexamingthegeneticrelationshipbetweentheancientwoollymammothandmastodonmodernelephants—theAsianelepphant,Africanforestelephant,andAfricansavannaelephant.111\nOncetheyobastainDNAsequences（序列）fromtwofossils（化石）,mammothsandmastodons,theteamcompartedthemwithDNAfrommodernelephants.TheyfoundtheiramazementthatmordernforestandsavannaelephantsareasdistinctfromeachotherasAsianelephantsandmammoths.ThescientistsuseddetailedgeneticanalysistoprovethattheAfricansavannaelephantandtheAfricanforestelephanthavebeendistinctspeciesforseveralmillionyears.ThedivergenceofthetwospeciestookplacearoundthetimeofthedivergenceofAsianelephantsandwoollymammoths.Thisresultamazedallthescientists.Therehaslongbeendebateinthescientificcommunitythatthetwomightbeseparatespecies,butthisisthemostconvincingscientificevidencesofarthattheyareindeeddifferentspecies.Previously,manynaturalistsbelievedthatAfricansavannaelephantsandAfricanforestelephantsweretwopopulationgsofthesamespecies,despitetheelephants’significantsizedifferences.Thesavannaelephanthasanaverageshoulderheightof3.5metreswhiletheforestelephanthasanaverateshoulderdoubletheweightoftheforestelephant.Butthefactthattheylooksodifferrentdoesnotneccssarilymeantheyaredifferentspecies.HowevertheprooflayintheanalysisioftheDNA.AlfriedRoca,assitantprofessorintheDepartmentofAnimalSciencesattheUniversityofIllinois,said,“Wenowhavetotreattheforestandsavannaelephantsastwodifficultunitsforconservationpurpose.Since1950,allAficanelephantshavebeenconservedasonespecies.Nowthatweknowtheforestandsavannaelephantshavebeendistinctanimals,theforestelephantshouldbecomeabiggerpriority（优先）forconservationpurposes.”66.Oneofthefossilesstudiedbytheresearchersisthatof.A.theAsianelephantB.theforestelephantC.thesavannaelephantD.themaslodonelephant67.Theunderlinedword“divergence”inParagraph4means“.”A.evolutionB.exhibitionC.separationD.examination68.Theresearchers’conclusionwasbasedonastudyoftheAfricanelephant’s.A.DNAB.heightC.weightD.population69.WhatareAlfredRoca’swordsmainlyabout?A.TheconservationofAficanelephantB.ThepurposeofstudyingAficanelephant111\nC.ThewaytodivideAficanelephantsintotwounitsD.TherensonforthedistinctionofAfricanelephants70.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttilleforthepassage?A.Naturalist’BeliefsaboutElephantsB.AmazingExperimentsaboutElephantsC.AnUnexpectedFindingahoutElephantsD.ALongScientififDebateaboutElephants（2022·江西卷）DWhyshouldmankindexplorespace?Whyshouldmoney,timeandeffortbespentexploringandresearchingsomethingwithsofewapparentbenefits?WhyshouldresourcesbespentonspaceratherthanonconditionsandpeopleonEarth?Thesearequestionsthat,understandably,areveryoftenasked.Perhapsthebestanswerliesinourgeneticmakeup(基因构成)ashumanbeings.Whatdroveourancestorstomovefromthetreesintotheplains,andonintoallpossibleareasandenvironments?Thewiderthespreadofaspecies,thebetteritschanceofsurvival.Perhapsthebestreasonforexploringspaceisthisgenetictendencytoexpandwhereverpossible.Nearlyeverysuccessfulcivilizationhasexplored,becausebydoingso,anydangersinsurroundingareascanbeidentifiedandpreparedfor.Withoutknowledge,wemaybecompletelydestroyedbythedanger.Withknowledge,wecanlessenitseffects.Explorationalsoallowsmineralsandotherpotential(潜在的)resourcestobefound.Evenifwehavenoimmediateneedofthem,theywillperhapsbeusefullater.Resourcesmaybemorethanphysicalpossessions.Knowledgeortechniqueshavebeenacquiredthroughexploration.Thetechniquesmayhavemedicalapplicationswhichcanimprovethelengthorqualityofourlives.Wehavealreadybenefitedfromotherspin-offsincludingimprovementsinearthquakeprediction,insatellitesforweatherforecastingandincommunicationssystems.Evennon-stickpansandmirroredsunglassesareby-products(副产品)oftechnologicaldevelopmentsinthespace,thechancetosaveourselvesmightnotexist.Whilemanyresourcesarespentonwhatseemsasmallreturn,theexplorationofspaceallowscreative,braveandintelligentmembersofourspeciestofocusonwhatmayservetosaveus.Whilespacemayholdmanywondersandexplanationsof111\nhowtheuniversewasformedorhowitworks,italsoholdsdangers.Thedangerexists,butknowledgecanhelphumanbeingtosurvive.Withouttheabilitytoreachoutacrossspace,thechancetosaveourselvesmightnotexist.WhileEarthistheonlyplanetknowntosupportlife,surelytheadaptiveabilityofhumanswouldallowustoliveonotherplanets.Itistruethatthelifestylewouldbedifferent,buthumanlifeandcultureshaveadaptedinthepastandsurelycouldinthefuture.71.WhydoestheauthormentionthequestionsinParagraph1?A.Toexpresshisdoubts.B.Tocomparedifferentideas.C.Tointroducepointsfordiscussion.D.TodescribetheconditionsonEarth.72.WhatisthereasonforexploringspacebasedonParagraph2?A.Humansarenature-borntodoso.B.Humanshavethetendencytofight.C.Humansmayfindnewsourcesoffood.D.Humansdon’tliketostayinthesameplace.73.Theunderlinedword“spin-offs”inParagraph4probablyrefersto______.A.survivalchancesB.potentialresourcesC.unexpectedbenefitsD.physicalpossessions74.Whatmakesitpossibleforhumanstoliveonotherplanets?A.Ourgeneticmakeup.B.Resourcesontheearth..C.Theadaptiveabilityofhumans.D.By-productsinspaceexploration.75.Whichofthestatementscanbestsumunthepassage?A.Spaceexplorationhascreatedmanywonders.B.Spaceexplorationprovidedthebestvalueformoney.C.SpaceexplorationmayhelpusavoidpotentialproblemsonEarth.D.SpaceexploratinomayhelpusavoidpotentialproblemonEarth.【文章大意】人类为什么要探寻太空的奥妙？为什么在探索之路上花去如此多的时间、金钱和精力？本文作者将为你解答。71.C推理判断题。通读全文可知，第一段提出问题，而下文正是对第一段问题的解释，故作者提出这几个问题是想引出本文话题。72.A细节理解题。由第二段最后一句可知，人类天生如此。第二段是典型的总分总结构，主旨句在段首段尾。Perhapsthebestanswerliesinourgeneticmakeupashumanbeings.主要原因在于人类基因。Perhapsthebestreasonforexploringspaceisthisgenetictendencytoexpandwhereverpossible.而B选项错在fight这个词。CD没提及。73.C词义猜测题。第四段前几句提到了探索太空会有意外收获，而该句的already也暗示including后列举的是一些意外的收获，故spin-offs指的是unexpectedbenefits。74.C细节理解题。由最后一段第一句可知，人类可能在其他星球上生存是因为人类的适应能力强。故选C。75.D主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了太空探索对人类的益处，它能帮人类预见和避免潜在的问题和危险。故D项正确。（2022·江苏卷）CAccordingtotheUSgovernment,windfarmsoffthePacificcoastcouldproduce900gigwattsofelectricityeveryyear.Unfortunately,thewaterthereisfartoo111\ndeepforeventhetallestwindmills(seepicture)totouchbottom.AnexperimentunderwayoffthecoastofNorway,however,couldhelpputthemanywhere.Theproject,calledHywind,istheworld’sfirstlarge-scaledeepwaterwindturbine(涡轮发电机).Althoughitusesafairlystandard152-ton,2.3-megawattturbine,Hywindrepresentstotallynewtechnology.Theturbinewillbefixed213feetabovethewateronafloatingspar(seepicture),atechnologyHywind’screator,theNorwegiancompanyStatoilHydro,hasdevelopedrecently.Thesteelspar,whichisfilledwithstonesandgoes328feetbelowtheseasurface,willbetiedtotheoceanfloorbythreecable(缆索)；thesewillkeepthesparstableandpreventtheturbinefrommovingupanddowninthewaves.Hywind’sstability(稳定性)inthecoldandroughseawouldprovethateventhedeepestcornersoftheoceanaresuitableforwindpower.Ifallgoesaccordingtoplan,theturbinewillstartproducingelectricitysixmilesoffthecoastofsouthwesternNorwayasearlyasSeptember.Toproduceelectricityonalargescale,acommercialwindfarmwillhavetousebiggerturbinesthanHywinddoes,butit’sdifficultenoughtobalancesuchalargeturbinesohighonafloatingsparinthemiddleoftheocean.Tomakethatturbineheavier,thewholespar’stodesignanewkindofwindturbine,onewhosegearbox(变速箱)sitsatsealevelratherthanbehindtheblades(seepicture)Hywindisatestrun,butthebenefitsforperfectingfloatingwind-farmtechnologycouldbeextremelylarge.Outatsea,thewindisoftenstrongerandsteadierthanclosetoshore,whereallexistingoffshorewindmillsareplanted.Deep-seafarmsareinvisiblefromland,whichhelpsovercomethewindmill-as-eyesoreobjection.Ifthetechnologycatcheson,itwillopenupvastareasoftheplanet’ssurfacetooneofthebestlow-carbonpowersourcesavailable.63.TheHywindprojectusestotallynewtechnologytoensurethestabilityof_______.A.thecableswhichtiethespartotheoceanfloorB.thesparwhichisfloatingindeep-seawaterC.thebladesdrivenbystrongandsteadyseawindD.thestonesfilledinthesparbelowtheseasurface64.Tobalanceabiggerturbinehighonaflattingspar,anewtypeofturbineistobedesignedwithitsgearboxsitting____________.A.ontheseafloorB.onthespartopC.atsealevelD.behindtheblades65.Wideapplicationsofdeepwaterwindpowertechnologycan____________.A.solvethetechnicalproblemsofdeepwaterwindmillsB.makefinancialprofitsbyproducingmoreturbinesC.settletheargumentsaboutenvironmentalproblemsD.explorelow-carbonpowerresourcesavailableatsea【语篇解读】本篇为科普类文章。介绍了涡轮发电机的构造及工作原理。63.答案B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第三句话“…afloatingspar,atechnolgoyHywind’screator”，其中atechnologyHywind’screator是spar的同位语，因此B正确。64答案C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话“…,onewhosegearboxsitsatsealevelratherthanbehindtheblades”可知C正确。111\n62.答案D【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句话“Ifthetechnologycatcheson,itwillopenupvastareasoftheplanet’ssurfacetooneofthebestlow-carbonpowersourcesavailable.”可知D正确。（2022·湖北卷）B Howlingisabehaviorcommonlyobservedamongawolfpark.Ananimals,wolvesworktogethertohuntandrelyonhowlingwasanimportantmeansofcommunicationeachother.Therearedifferentexplantsofawolf’showlanditappearsthattheremaybemoretodiscover. Onetheoryisthatwolveshowltobendbettertogether.It’salmostasifhowlingtogetherhelpsthepackstaytogether.Perhapssomethingsimilartopeoplefeelingasenseofinvolvementwitheachotherwhensingingasongtogether.Butthistheorymaybewrong,explainsFredH.Harington,aprofessorwhostudieswolfbehavior. Indeed,therehavebeentineswhenwolveshavebeenseenonemomenthowlinginaexhorts,andthenext,quarrelinganionseachother.Itappearsthatusuallythelowest-tankingmenthesofthepackmayactuallybe“punished”forJoininginthechursattimes.Soishowlingawaytostrcagthenasocialboadorjustawaytoreconfirmstatusamongitsmembers?——Whydowelveshowlforsure?Whatiscleat,however,isthathowlingisoftenusedamongpackmatestolocateeachother.Huntinggroundsaredistantandithappensthatwolovesmayseparatefromoneanotherattimes.Whenthishappens,howlingappcarstobeanercellentmeansofgathering.Howling,interestingly,isacontagiousbehaviour.Whenonewolfstartstohowl,verylikelyotherswillfollow.Thisisoftenseentooccatinthemorning,asifwolvesweredoingsomesotrof“rollrall”wherewolvesallhowltogetertohowl,verylikelyotherswillfollow.Thisisoftenseentooccarinthemorning,asifwolvesweredoingwsomesotrof“rollcall”wherewolvesallhowltogethertorepotrtheirpteence.55.Whatthepossiblesimilaritybetweenwolves’howlingtogetherandhumansinginchorus?A.Theactofcallingeachother.B.thesenseofaccomplishment.C.Theactofhuntingforsomething.D.Thesenseofbelongingtoagroup.56.WhydoesHarringtonthinkthe“secialboad”theorymaybewrong?A.Wolvesseparatefromeachotherafterhowling.B.Wolvestendtoprotecttheirhuntinggrounds.C.Wolvessometimeshavequarrelsafterhowlingtogether.D.Wolvesoflowrankareencouragedtojoininthechorus.57.Reseatchersaresurethatwolvesoftenhowlto______.A.showtheirranksB.findtheircompanionC.reportthemissingones111\nD.expresstheirlonelingess58.“Howling…isacontagiousbehaviour”(inthelastparagraph)means_______.A.howlingisasignalforhuntingB.howlingisawayofcommunicationC.howlingaftenoccursinthemorningD.howlingspreadsfromonetoanother（2022·湖北卷）EWhichareyoumorelikelytohavewathyouatsnygivenmement—yourcellphoneoryourwallet?Soonyoumaybeabletothrowyourwalletawayandpayforthingswithaquickwaveofyoursmartphoneoveranelectrouescannet.InJanuary,Starbucksannouncedthatcustomerscouldstartusingtheirphonestobuycoffeein6,800ofitsstates.Thisisthefirstpay-by-phonepracticeintheU.S.,butwe’relikelytoseemorewitelesspaymentalternativesassomethingcalleducarfieldcommuncation(NFC)GETSINTOAmerica’sconsumetelectanies.LastDeccmbetsomenewsmartphaneswhichcantainanNFCchipwereintroducedtothepublic.AlreadyinuseinpartofAsiaandEurope,NFCallowsshopperstowavetheiephonesafewinchsaboveapaymentterminal-acontact-freesystembuildforspeedandconvenience.planafewinceesliveapaymenttetminalaoneafewptahtneedtobeworkedout,likewhowillgettocollecttheprofitabletrunsacian(交易)fees.AlthoughsomecreditcardprovidershavebeenexperimentingwithwaveandpaysystemsthatuseNFCenabledcreditcards,cellphoneserviceproviderstruaytrytomusedtheirwayintothepointofsale(POS)market.Threebigcellphoneserviceprovidershaveformedajoinftenture(合资企业)thatwillgointoopentionoverthenext15months.Itsgoalis“toleadtheU.S.paymentsindustryfromcardstomobilephone.”TheotherbigNFCsue,apartfromhowpaymeatswillbeprocessed,issecurity,Forinstance,what’stostopathieffromdigitallypickpocketingyou?“We’restillnotatthepointwhereanattackercanjustbrushagainstyeeinacrowdandstealallthemoneyoutofyourphone,”saysJimmyShah.Amobilesecurityrescarcher,“Useramayalsobeabletosettransactiontimeits,requiringapasswordtobeentecedforlargerputchases.111\nBussiness?Keepinmundyoulostyoursmartphone,itcanbelocatedonalocatedonamapandremotelydisabled.Plus,yourphonecanbepasswordprotected,Yourwalletisn’t.67.WhatispredictedtohappenintheU.S.?A.Theexpansionofcellphonecompanices.B.Theboomofpay-by-phonebusiness.C.Thedissppearanceofcreditcards.D.TheincreaseofStarbuckssales.s68.TheNFCtechnologycanbeusedto________.A.ensurethesafetyofshoppersB.collecttransactionfeeseasilyC.makepurchasefasterandsimplerD.improvethequalityofcellphones69.Threecellphoneserviceprovidersformajointventureto__________.A.strengthentheirrelationshipB.getashareinthepaymentsindustryC.sellmorecellphonesD.testtheNFCteehnoingy70.Accordingtothewhatcanusersdoiftheylosetheirsmartphones?A.Stopthefunctionoftheirphones.B.Stopapasswant.C.Catallthemoneyoutoftheirphones.D.Canlargepurchases.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍美国最新推出的一项基于手机的新技术，它使得通过手机直接划拔费用成为可能，使得消费更加快捷、便利。（2022·全国2卷）BForthosewhostudythedevelopmentofintelligence（智力）intheanimalworld,self-awarenessisanimportantmeasurement.Ananimalthatisaware（意识）ofitselfhasahighlevelofintelligence.Awarenesscanbetestedbystudyingwhethertheanimalrecognizesitselfinthe111\nmirror,thatis,itsownreflectedimage（反射出的影像）.Manyanimalsfailthisexercisebitterly,payingevrylittleattentiontothereflectedimage.Onlyhumans,andsomeintelligentanimalslikeapesanddolphins,haveshowntorecognizethattheimageinthemirrorisofthemselves.Nowanotheranimalhasjoinedtheclub.IntheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,researchersreportthatanAsianelephanthaspassedthemirrorself-reflectiontest.“Wethoughtthatelephantswerethenextimportantanimal,”saidDinanaReissoftheWildlifeConservationSociety,anauthorofthestudywithJoshuaM.PlotnikandFansB.M.deWaalofEmoryUniversity.Withtheirlargebrains,Reisssaid,elephants“seemedlikecousinstoapesanddolphins.”TheresearcherstestedHappy,MaxineandPatty,threeelephantsattheBronxZoo.Theyputan8-foot-squaremirroronawalloftheanimals’playarea(outofthesightofzoovisitors)andrecordedwhathappenedwithcameras,includingonebuiltinthemirror.Theelephantsusedtheirlongnosestofindwhatwasbehindit,andtoexaminepartsoftheirbodies.Ofthethree,Happythenpassedthetest,inwhichaclearmarkwaspaintedononesideofherface.Shecouldtellthemarkwastherebylookinginthemirror,andsheusedthemirrortotouchthemarkwithherlongnose.DianaReisssaid,"Weknewelephantswereintelligent,butnowwecantalkabouttheirintelligenceinabetterway."45.Whatcanmirrorteststellusaboutanimals?A.Whethertheyhavelargebrains.B．Whethertheyhaveself-awareness.C.Whethertheyenjoyoutdoorexercises.D.Whethertheyenjoyplayingwithmirrors.46.Whydoestheauthormentionapesanddolphinsinthetext?A.Theyaremostfamiliartoreaders.B.Theyarebigfavoriteswithzoovisitors.C.TheyareincludedinthestudybyReiss.D.Theyarealreadyknowntobeintelligent.47.WhatmadeHappydifferentfromMaxineandPatty?A.Sheusedhernosetosearchbehindthemirror.B.Sherecognizedherownimageinthemirror.C.Shepaintedamarkonherownface.D.Shefoundthehiddencamera.111\n（2022·福建卷）ETheinternetwillopenupnewvistas(前景),createtheglobalvillage—youcanmakenewfriendsallaroundtheworld.That,atleast,iswhatitpromisedus.Thedifficultyisthatitdidnottakethehumanmindintoaccount.Therealityisthatwecannotkeeprelationshipswithmorethanalimitednumberofpeople.Nomatterhowhardtheinternettriestoputyouincommunication,itsbesteffortswillbedefeatedhumanmind.Theproblemistwofold（双重的）.First,thereisalimitonthenumberofpeoplewecanholdinmindandhaveameaningfulrelationshipwith.Thatnumberisabout150andissetbythesizeofourbrain.Second,thequalityofyourrelationshipsdependsontheamountoftimeyouinvest（投入）inthem.Weinvestalotinasmallnumberofpeopleandthendistributionwhat’sleftamongasmanyothersaswecan.Theproblemisthatifweinvestlittletimeinaperson,ourengagementwiththatpersonwilldecline（减弱）untileventuallyitdiesinto“someoneIonceknew”.Thisisnot,ofcourse,tosaythattheinternetdoesn’tserveasociallyvaluablefunction.Ofcourseitdoes.Butthequestionisnotthatitallowsyoutoincreasethesizeofyoursocialcircletoincludetherestoftheworld,butthatyoucankeepyourrelationshipswithyourexistingfriendsgoingeventhoughyouhavetomovetotheothersideoftheworld.Inonesense,that’sagoodthing.Butitalsohasadisadvantage.Ifyoucontinuetoinvestinyouroldfriendseventhoughyoucannolongerseethen,thencertainlyyouaren’tusingyourtimetomakenewfriendswhereyounowlive.AndIsuspectthatprobablyisn’tthebestuseofyourtime.Meaningfulrelationshipsareaboutbeingabletocommunicatewitheachother,facetoface.Theinternetwillslowdowntheratewithwhichrelationshipsend,butitwon’tstopthathappeningeventually.72.Whatisstressedinthefirstparagraph?A.Thepresentsituationoftheinternet.B.Thedifficultyincommunicationontheinternet.C.Thesociallyvaluablefunctionoftheinternet.D.Theroleofthehumanmindintheinternetcommunication.73.Theunderlinedword“engagement”inthesecondparagraphprobablymeans111\n“___________”.A.appointmentB.connectionC.interviewD.agreement74.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorholdstheviewthat___________.A.theinternetfailstoplaysovaluablearoleincommunicationasitpromisedB.theinternetdeterminesthequalityofsocialrelationshipsC.theinternetgreatlyincreasesthesizeofsocialcirclesD.theinternetcommunicationisnolesseffectivethantheface-to-facetalk75.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheuseoftheinternettostrengthenrelationships?A.Heisuncertainaboutit.B.HeishopefulofitC.HeapprovesofitD.Hedoubtsit【文章大意】本文介绍的是在人际交往中体现的因特网的利与弊。72.D推理判断题。文章第一段说虽然因特网有利于交朋友，但人的大脑关注的人的数量毕竟有限，所以因特网的”努力”会被人的大脑击败。显然强调的是人脑在网络交流中的作用。73.B猜测词义题。本文第二段讲到我们将大多数时间花在了与很少的人的交往中，而将很少的时间分给了很多人，这就会导致对某一个人投入的时间少，跟他的联系就会减弱，所以engagement应该是“联系”之意。74.A推理判断题。依据文章倒数第二段可知，作者认为因特网达不到第一段第一句话提及的目标，所以选A。75.D推理判断题。依据文章最后一段尤其是最后两句话可知，有意义的人际关系要能够面对面地交流，因特网无法阻止人际关系的淡化，所以作者对因特网会加强人与人之间的关系持怀疑态度。（2022·陕西卷）DEversincetheywerefirstputonthemarketintheearly1990s,genticallymondified(GM,转基因)foodshavebeenincreasinglydevelopedandmarketedinmanycountriesintheword,mainlyonthebasisoftheirpromisetoendtheworldwidefoodcrisis.ButcanGMtechnologysolveworldhungerproblems?Evenifitwould,isitthebestsolutiorr?Despitewhatitpromiises,GMtechnologyactuallyhasnotincreasedtheproductionpotentialofanycorp.InfactStudiesshowthatthemostcrownGMcroo.GMsoybeans,hassufferedreducedproductivity.Forinstance,areportthananalysednearlytwodecadesofresearchonmojorGMfoodcropsshowsthatGMengineeringhasfailedtosignificantlyincreaseUScropproduction.Somethingelse,however,hasbeenontherise,WhileGMseedsareexpensive,GMcompanicstellfarmersthattheywillmakegoodprofitsbysavingmoneyonpesticides（杀虫剂）.Onthecontrary,USgovernmentdatashowthatGMcropsintheUShaveproducedanoverallincreaseinpesticideusecomparedtotraditionalcrops.“Thepromisewasthatyoucoulduselesschemicalsandboostproduction.Butnetheristrue,”saidBillChristison,PresidentoftheUSNationalFarmCoalition.Atthesametime,theauthorsofthebookWorldHunger:TwelveMythsarguethatthereactuallyismorethanenoughfoodintheworldandthatthehungercrisisisnotcausedbyproduction,butbyproblemsinfooddistributionandpolitics.Theseindeeddeserveoureffortsandmoney.Meanwhile,theriseinfoodpricesresultsfromtheincreaseduseofcropsforfuelratherthanfood,accordingtoa2022World111\nBankreport.Asamatteroffact,scientistsseebetterwaystofeedtheworld.AnotherWorldBankreportconcludedthatGMcropshavelittletooffertothechallengesofworldwidepovertyandhunger,becausebetterwaysoutareavailable,amongwhich“green”farmingissupposedtobethefirstchoice.57.Theauthordevelopsthesecondparagraphmainly.A.byclassificationB.bycomparisonC.byexampleD.byprocess58.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“boost”inthethirdparagraphprobablymean?A.Control.B.EvaluateC.Obtain.D.Increase.59.GMcompaniespromisefarmersthattheywillbenefitfrom______________.A.practicing“green”farmingB.useoflesschemicalsC.fairdistributionoftheircropsD.usingmorecropsforfuel60.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheattitudeoftheauthortowardsGMtechnology?A.OptimisticB.DefensiveC.DisapprovingD.Casual【文章大意】本文对转基因食品展开了论述。转基因食品曾经被认为能够解决世界粮食危机，但现在看来，转基因食品非但没有解决预期的问题，却带来了诸多的问题，引发了更多的争议，那么解决世界粮食问题的出路在哪里呢？57.C写作手法题。根据第二段中的Forinstance可知，作者第二段的写作是通过举例说明的手法展开论述的。58.D猜测词义题。联系上下文可知，转基因食品的初衷是提高粮食产量，因为它要解决世界粮食短缺问题，由此可知选D，lncrease“增加”。59.B细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的GMcompaniestellfarmersthattheywillmakegoodprofitsbysavingmoneyonpesticides（杀虫剂）和该段的画线词所在的句子可知答案为B。60.C作者态度题。通读全文可以看出作者对转基因食品持反对(disapproving)态度。尤其是作者在论述过程中，多次巧妙地运用了转折意味的词语，例如：but,despite,infact,however,onthecontrary,asamatteroffact.2022高考英语试题(2022高考英语安徽卷B)Haveyoueverwondered?111\n1）Whydoairplanestakelongertoflywestthaneast?Itcantakefivehourstogowest-eastfromNewYork(NY)toLondonbutsevenhourstotraveleast-westfromLondontoNY.Thereasonforthedifferenceisanatmosphericphenomenonknownasthejet（喷射）stream.ThejetstreamisaveryhighaltitudewindwhichalwaysblowsfromthewesttotheeastacrosstheAtlantic.Theplanesmovingataconstantairspeedthusgofasterinthewest-eastdirectionwhentheyaremovingwiththewindthanintheoppositedirection.2）WhatwouldhappenifthegravityonEarthwassuddenlyturnedoff?Supposingwecouldmagicallyturnoffgravity.Wouldbuildingsandotherstructures（建筑物）floataway?WhathappenedwoulddependonhowstronglythethingswereattachedtotheEarth.TheEarthismovingatquiteaspeed,movingatoverathousandmilesperhour.Ifyouturnsomethingaroundyourheadonastring（细绳）,itgoesaroundinacircleuntilyouletgoofthestring.Thenitfliesoffinastraightline.‘Switchingoff’gravitywouldbelikelettinggoofthestring.ThingsnotattachedtotheEarthwouldflyoffinastraightline.Peopleinbuildingswouldsuddenlyshootupwardsatagreatspeeduntiltheyhittheceiling.Mostthingsoutsidewouldflyoffintospace.60.Whatinformationcanwegetfromthefirstpassage?A.Itisthejetstreamthataffectshowfastairplanesfly.B.Planesgoslowerwhentheyaremovingwiththewind.C.IttakesmoretimetoflyfromNYtoLondonthanfromLondontoNY.D.ThejetstreamalwaysblowsfromtheeasttothewestacrosstheAtlantic.61.Theword“shoot”underlinedinthe2ndpassageprobablymeans“__________”.A.sendforB.movequicklyC.comeoutD.growquickly62.Itcanbeinferredthatwithoutgravity_____________.A.buildingsandotherstructureswouldfloatawayB.treesandbuildingswouldnotsoeasilyflyoffC.somethingaroundyourheadwouldnotfloatawayD.everythingoutsidebuildingswouldflyoffintospace63.Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthistext?A.Inaresearchpaper.B.Inashortstory.C.Inatravelmagazine.D.Inastudent’sbook【答案】ABBD111\n（2022高考英语湖北卷E）Haveyouwinterizedyourhorseyet?Eventhoughglobalwarmingmayhavemadeourclimatemoremild,manyanimalsarestillhibernating(冬眠).It’stoobadthathumanscan’thibernate.Infact,asaspecies,wealmostdid.Apparently,attimesinthepast,peasantsinFrancelikedasemi-stateofhumanhibernation.SowritesGrahamRobb,aBritishscholarwhohasstudiedthesleepinghabitsoftheFrenchpeasants.Assoonastheweatherturnedcold,peoplealloverFranceshutthemselvesawayandpracticedtheforgottenartofdoingnothingatallformonthsonend.Inlinewiththis,JeffWarren,aproduceratCBCRadio’sTheCurrent,tellsusthatthewaywesleephaschangedfundamentallysincetheinventionofartificial（人造的）lightingandtheelectricbulb.WhenhistoriansbeganstudyingtextsoftheMiddleAges,theynoticedsomethingreferredtoas“firstsleep”,whichwasnotclarified,though.Nowscientistsaretellingusourancestorsmostlikelysleptinseparateperiods.Thebusinessofeighthours’uninterruptedsleepisamodeminvention.Inthepast,withouttheartificiallightofthecitytobathein,humanswenttosleepwhenitbecamedarkandthenwokethemselvesaroundmidnight.Thelatenightperiodwasknownas“TheWatch”.Itwaswhenpeopleactuallykeptwatchagainstwildanimals,althoughmanyofthemsimplymovedaroundorvisitedfamilyandneighhours.Accordingtosomesleepresearchers,ashortperiodofinsomnia(失眠)atmidnightis111\n69.Whatdoestheauthoradvisepeopletodo?A.Sleepinthewayanimalsdo.B.Consultadoctoriftheycan’tsleep.C.Followtheirnaturalsleeprhythm.D.Keeptotheeight-hoursleeppattern.70.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Togiveaprescriptionforinsomnia.B.Tourgepeopletosleepless.C.Toanalyzethesleeppatternofmodempeople.D.Tothrownewlightonhumansleep.（2022高考英语山东卷D）Batteriescanpoweranythingfromsmallsensorstolargesystems.Whilescientistsarefindingwaystomakethemsmallerbutevenmorepowerful,problemscanarisewhenthesebatteriesaremuchlargerandheavierthan111\nthedevicesthemselves.UniversityofMissouri(MU)researchersaredevelopinganuclearenergysourcethatissmaller,lighterandmoreefficient.“Toprovideenoughpower,weneedcertainmethodswithenergydensity(密度)，”saidJaekwon,assistantprofessorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringatMU.“Theradioisotope(放射性同位素)batterycanprovidepowerdensitythatismuchhigherthanchemicalbatteries.”Kwonandhisresearchteamhavebeenworkingonbuildingasmallnuclearbattery,resentlythesizeandthicknessofapenny,intendedtopowervariousmicro/nanoelectromechanicalsystems(M/NEWS).Althoughnuclearbatteriescancauseconcerns,Kwonsaidtheyaresafe.“Peopleheartheword‘nuclear’andthinkofsomethingverydangerous,”hesaid.“However,nuclearpowersourceshavealreadybeensafelypoweringavarietyofdevices,suchaspace-makers,spacesatellitesandunderwatersystems.”Hisnewideaisnotonlyinthebattery’ssize,butalsoinitssemiconductor(半导体).Kwon’sbatteryusesaliquidsemiconductorratherthanasolidsemiconductor.“Thekeypartofusingaradioactivebatteryisthatwhenyouharvesttheenergy,partoftheradiationenergycandamagethelatticestructure(晶格结构)ofthesolidsemiconductor,”Kwonsaid.“Byusingaliquidsemiconductor,webelievewecanminimizethatproblem.”TogetherwithJ.DavidRobertson,chemistryprofessorandassociatedirectoroftheMUResearchReactor,Kwonisworkingtobuildandtestthebattery.Inthefuture,theyhopetoincreasethebattery’spower,shrinkitssizeandtrywithvariousothermaterials.Kwonsaidthatthebatterycouldbethinnerthanthethicknessofhumanhair.71.WhichofthefollowingistrueofJaeKwon?A.HeteacheschemistryatMU.B.Hedevelopedachemicalbattery.C.Heisworkingonanuclearenergysource.D.Hemadeabreakthroughincomputerengineering.72.JaeKwongaveexamplesinParagraph4.A.toshowchemicalbatteriesarewidelyappliedB.toindicatenuclearbatteriescanbesafelyusedC.todescribeanuclear-poweredsystemD.tointroducevariousenergysources.73.Liquidsemiconductorisusedto.A.getridoftheradioactivewasteB.testthepowerofnuclearbatteriesC.decreasethesizeofnuclearbatteriesD.reducethedamagetolatticestructure74.AccordingtoJaeKwon,hisnuclearbattery.A.usesasolidsemiconductorB.willsoonreplacethepresentonesC.couldbeextremelythinD.haspassedthefinaltest111\n75.ThetextismostprobablyaA.sciencenewsreportB.bookreviewC.newspaperadD.sciencefictionstory(2022高考英语四川卷B)Boilerroomsareoftendirtyandsteamy,butthisoneisel.eanandcool.FoxPointisaverynew47-unitlivingbuildinginSouthBronx,oneofthecity’spoorestareas.Two-thirdsofthepeoplelivingthereareformerly(以前)homelesspeople,whoserentispaidbythegovernment.Therestarelow-incomefamilies.Theboilerroomhasspecialequipment,whichproducesenergyforelectricityandheat.Itreusesheatthatwouldotherwisebelosttotheair,reducingcarbonemissions(碳排放)whilealsocuttingcosts.FoxPointisoperatedbyPalladia,agroupthatspecializesinprovidinghousingandservicestoneedy,people.PalladiareceivedsupportfromEnterpriseCommunityPartners(ECP),whichhelpsbuildaffordablehousingbyprovidingsupporttohousingdevelopers.ECPhascreatednationalstandardsforhealthy,environmentally(环境方面)cleverandaffordablehomeswhicharecalled,theGreenCommunitiesStandards.Thesestandardsincludewaterkeeping,energysavingandtheuseofenvironmentallyfriendlybuildingmaterials.Meetingthestandardsincreaseshousingconstructioncostsby2%,whichisrapidlypaidbackbylowerrunningcosts.Eventhepositioningofawindowtogetmostdaylightcanhelpsaveenergy.Michael.Bloomberg,NewYork'smayor,planstocreate165,000affordablehousingunitsfor500,000NewYorkers.Almost80%ofNewYorkCity’sgreenhouse-gasemissionscomefrombuildings,and40%ofthosearecaused,byhousing.Soherecentlyannouncedthatthecity’sDepartmentofHousingandPreservationandDevelopment(DHPD),whosedutyistodevelopandkeepthecity’ssupplyofaffordablehousing,willrequireallitsnewprojectstofollowECP’sgreenstandards.111\nSimilarmeasureshavebeentakenbyothercitiessuchasClevelandandDenver,butNewYork’sDHPDisthelargestcitydeveloperofaffordablehousinginthecountry.45.Whatisthepurposeofdescribingtheboilerroominthefirstparagraph?A.Toexplainthemeasuresthecitytakestocareforpoorpeople.B.Tosuggestthataffordablehousingispossibleinallareas.C.Toshowhowtheenvironment-friendlybuildingworks.D.Tocompareoldandnewboilerrooms.46.WhatisanadvantageofthebuildingsmeetingtheGreenCommunitiesStandards?A.Lowerrunningcosts.B.Costinglessinconstruction.C.Lessairtobelostinhotdays.D.Betterpricesforhomelesspeople.47.Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthat,A.NewYorkCityisseriouslypollutedB.people’sdailylifecausesmanycarbonemissionsinNewYorkCityC.agreatnumberofpeopleinNewYorkCitydon'thavehousestoliveinD.someothercitieshavedevelopedmoreaffordablehousingthanNewYorkCity48.Whatisthemainpurposeofthistext?A.Tocallonpeopletopaymoreattentiontohousingproblems.B.Toprovethatsomestandardsareneededforaffordablehousing.C.Toasksocietytohelphomelesspeopleandlow-incomefamilies.D.Tointroducehealthy,environmentallyclever-andaffordablehousing.【答案】CABD【解析】文中介绍了一种政府倡导的、节能的、运作成本低的新型房屋。45．C推理判断题。文中第一段介绍了这种环保建筑是怎样起作用的，为下文说明这种建筑被广泛应用埋下了伏笔。46．A细节理解题。由第三段信息“…increaseshousingconstructioncostsby2%,whichisrapidlypaidbackbylowerrunningcosts.”可推知，环保建筑的优势是运作成本较低。47．B细节理解题。由第四段信息“Almost80%ofNewYorkCity’sgreenhouse-gasemissionscomefrombuildings,and40%ofthosearecaused,byhousing..”可知答案为B。48．D主旨大意题。文章比较客观地介绍了一种健康的、环保的、人们有能力购买的房屋。（2022高考英语陕西卷D）WhenIfirstgotanemailaccounttenyearsago,Ireceivedcommunicationsonlyfromfamily,friends,andcolleagues.NowitseemsthateverytimeIcheckmye-mail,Ihaveanendlessseriesofadvertisementandothercorrespondencethatdonotinteresttheatall.Ifwewante-mailtocontinuetobeuseful,weneedspeciallawsthatmakespamming(发送垃圾邮件)acrime.Iflawmakersdonotdosomethingsoontoprohibitspam,theproblemwillcertainlygetmuchworse.Computerprogramsallowspammerstospendhundredsofmillionsofe-mailsalmostinstantly.Asmoreandmoreadvertisersturntospam111\ntoselltheirproducts,individual（个人的）e-mailboxesareoftenfloodedwithspame-mails.Wouldpeoplecontinuetousee-mailiftheyhadtodealwithanannoyingamountofspameachtime?Thisproblemistroublingforindividualsandcompaniesaswell.Manyspamemailscontaincomputervirusesthatcanshutdowntheentirenetworkofacompany.Companiesrelyone-mailonfortheiremployeestocommunicatewitheachother.Spamfrequentlycausesfailuresintheirlocalcommunicationsnetworks,andtheiremployeesarethusunabletocommunicateeffectively.Suchasituationresultsinalossofproductivityandrequirescompaniestorepeatedlyrepairtheirnetworks.Thesecomputerproblemsraiseproductioncostsofcompanies,whichare,intheend,passedontotheconsumer.Forthesereasons,Ibelievethatlawmakersneedtolegislate(立法)againstspam.Spammersshouldbefined,andperhapssenttoprisoniftheycontinuetodisturbpeople.E-mailisatoolwhichhelpspeopleallovertheworldtocommunicateconveniently,butspamisdestroyingthisconvenience.57.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“correspondence”intheParagraph1probablymean?A.messagesB.ideasC.connectionsD.programs58.Accordingtothetext,whatisthemajorcauseofthefloodingspam?A.Companiesrelyone-mailforcommunications.B.Morepeopleintheworldcommunicatebye-mail.C.Manycomputervirusescontainspame-mail.D.Moreadvertisersbegintopromotesalesthroughspam.59.AccordingtoParagraph3,whoisthefinalvictimofspam?A.ThebusinessB.TheadvertiserC.TheemployeeD.Theconsumer60.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.ToinformB.ToeducateC.TopersuadeD.Toinstruct（2022高考英语江苏卷D）Imagine，oneday，gettingoutofbedinBeijingandbeing111\natyourofficeinShanghaiinonlyacoupleofhours，andthen，afterafulldayofwork，goingbackhometoBeijingandhavingdinnerthere．Soundsunusual，doesn'tit?Butit'snotthatunrealistic，withthedevelopmentofChina’shigh—speedrailwaysystem．Andthat’snota11．Chinahasanevengreaterhigh—speedrailwayplan—toconnectthecountrywithSoutheastAsia，andeventuallyEasternEurope．Chinaisnegotiatingtoextenditsownhigh·-speedrailwaynetworktoupto17countriesin10to15years，eventuallyreachingLondonandSingapore．Chinahasproposedthreesuchprojects．ThefirstwouldpossiblyconnectKunmingwithSingaporeviaVietnamandMalaysia．AnothercouldstartinUrumqiandgothroughKazakhstanandUzbekistan，andpossiblytoGermany．ThethirdwouldstartinthenortheastandgonorththroughRussiaandthenintoWesternEurope．IfChina’splanforthehigh-speedrailwaygoesforward，peoplecouldzipoverfromLondontoBeilinginundertwodays．ThenewsystemwouldstillfollowChina’shigh—speedrailwaystandard．Andthetrainswouldbeabletogo346kilometersanhour，almostasfastassomeairplanes．China’sbullettrain(高速客车)，theoneconnectingWuhantoGuangzhou，alreadyhastheWorld’sfastestaveragespeed．Itcovers1,069kilometersinaboutthreehours．Ofcourse，therearesometechnicalchallengestoovercome．Therearesomanyissuesthatneedtobesettled，suchassafety，railgauge(轨距)，maintenanceofrailwaytracks．So，it’simportanttopayattentiontoeverydetail．Butthekeyissueisreallymoney．Chinaisalreadyspendinghundredsofbillionsofyuanondomesticrailwayexpansion．Chinaprefersthattheothercountriespayinnaturalresourcesratherthanwithcapitalinvestment．ResourcesfromthosecountriescouldstreamintoChinatosustaindevelopment．It’11beawin-winproject.Forothercountries，therailwaynetworkwilldefinitelycreatemoreopportunitiesforbusiness，tourismandsoon，nottomentionthebettercommunicationamongthosecountnes．ForChina，suchaprojectwouldnotonlyconnectitwiththerestofAsiaandbringsomemuch-neededresources，butwouldalsohelpdevelopChina’sfarwest．Weforeseethatinthecomingdecades，millionsofpeoplewillmigratetothewesternregions，wherethelandisemptyandresourcesunused．Withhigh-speedtrains，peoplewillsetupfactoriesandbusinesscentersinthewestonceandfora11．Andthey’11tradewithCentralAsianandEasternEuropeancountries．67．China’snewhigh-speedrailwayplanwillbeawin-winprojectbecause．A．Chinawillgetmuch-neededresourcesanddevelopitswesternregionsB．ChinaandthecountriesinvolvedwillbenefitfromtheprojectinvariouswaysC．ChinawilldevelopitsrailwaysystemandcommunicationwithothercountriesD．theforeigncountriesinvolvedwilldeveloptheirrailway111\ntransportation，businessandtourism68．Accordingtothepassage，thegreatestchallengetothenewhigh-speedrailwayplanis．A．technicalissuesB．safetyofthesystemC．financialproblemsD．maintenanceofrailwaytracks69．Whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetowardsChina’shigh-speedrailwayplan?A．Critical．B．Reserved．C．DoubtfulD.Positive．70．Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．NewRailwayStandardsB．BigRailwayDreamsC．High—speedBulletTrainsD．InternationalRailwayNetwork【答案】BCDB【解析】我国的高铁技术享誉全球。在发展国内高速铁路网的同时，我国制定了更加宏伟的计划，要让高速铁路连接东南亚和欧洲。67．B归纳概括题。结合最后两段中的内容可知新制订的高铁计划是双赢工程，无论是对外国还是对中国而言，都可以从中受益，由此可推断B项正确。68．C细节理解题。根据倒数第三段和倒数第四段中的内容可知最大的挑战是资金问题。69．D作者态度题。结合最后一段的内容可推测作者对这个宏伟计划满怀信心。前三项分别表示“批评的”“保守的”“怀疑的”，都与文章内容不符。70．B主旨大意题。文章首先提出了一个大胆的设想，接着详细叙述了宏伟蓝图的具体内容，最后又展望美好前景，所以B项最能概括文章大意。（2022高考英语浙江卷C）Theterm“multitasking”originallyreferredtoacomputer’sabilitytocarryoutseveraltasksatonetime.Formanypeople,multitaskinghasbecomeawayoflifeandevenakeytosuccess.Infact,someexcellentmentalaerobicexercises(大脑训练)involveengagingthebrainintwoormorechallengingactivitiesatatime.Althoughcheckinge-mailwhiletalkingonaphoneandreadingthenewspapermaybesecondnatureforsomepeople,manytimesmultitaskingcanmakeuslessproductive,ratherthanmore.Andstudiesshowthattoomuchmultitaskingcanleadtoincreasedstress,anxietyandmemoryloss.Inordertomultitask,thebrainusesanareaknownastheprefrontalcortex(前额叶脑皮层).Brianscansofvolunteersperformingmultipletaskstogethershowthatastheyshiftfromtasktotask,thisfrontpartofthebrainactuallytakesamomentofrestbetweentasks.Youmayhaveexperiencedaprefrontalcortex“momentofrest”yourselfifyou’veeverdialed(拨电话)aphonenumberandsuddenlyforgottenwhoyoudialedwhenthelineisanswered.Whatprobablyoccurredisthatbetweenthedialingandtheanswering,yourmindshiftedtoantherthoughtortask,andthentookthat“moment”tocomeback.Researchhasalsoshownthatformanyvolunteers,jobefficiency(效率)declineswhilemultitasking,ascomparedtowhentheyperformonlyonetaskatatime.Multitaskingiseasiestwhenatleastoneofthetasksishabitual,orrequireslittlethought.Mostpeopledon’tfinditdifficulttoeatandreadthenewspaperatthesametime.However,whentwoormoreattention-requiringtasksareattemptedatonetime,peoplesometimesmakemistakes.111\nWeoftendon’trememberthingsaswellwhenwe’retryingtomanageseveraldetailsatthesametime.Withoutmentalfocus,wemaynotpayenoughattentiontonewinformationcomingin,soitnevermakesitintoourmemorystores.Thatisoneofthemainreasonsweforgetpeople’snames---evensometimesrightaftertheyhaveintroducedthemselves.Multitaskingcanalsoaffectourrelationships.Ifsomeonecheckstheire-mailwhileonthephonewithafriend,theymaycomeoffasabsent-mindedordisinterested.Itcanalsocausethatpersontomissoroverlookkeyinformationbeingpassedontothem.49.Whyaresomementalaerobicexercisesdesignedtoengagepeopleinmultitasking?A.Tomakethemmoreproductive.B.Toreducetheirstressandanxiety.C.Todeveloptheircommunicationskills.D.Tohelpthemperformdailytasksmoreeasily.50.AccordingtoParagraph2,whymayapersonsuddenlyforgetwhohascalled?A.Hemayleavehisprefrontalcortextemporarilydamaged.B.Heisprobablyinterruptedbyanothertask.C.Heisprobablynotveryfamiliarwiththepersonhehascalled.D.Hemayneedarestbetweendialingandspeaking.51.Peopletendtomakemistakewhen____.A.theyperformseveralchallengingtasksatatime.B.newmessagesareprocessedoneafteranotherC.theirrelationshipswithothersareaffectedD.thetasksrequirelittlethought52.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Multitaskinghasbecomeawayoflife.B.Multitaskingoftenleadstoefficiencydecline.C.Multitaskingexercisesneedtobeimproved.D.Multitaskingenablespeopletorememberthingsbetter.（2022高考英语辽宁卷D）OnMay23,1989,StefaniaFollinicameoutfromacaveatCarlsbad,NewMexico.Shehadn’tseenthesunforeighteenandahalfweeks.Stefania111\nwasinaresearchprogram,andthescientistsintheprogramwerestudyingbodyrhythms(节奏)。InthisexperimentStefaniahadspent130daysinacave,30feetindepth.Duringhertimeinthecave,Stefaniahadbeencompletelyaloneexceptfortwowhitemice.Herlivingplacehadbeenverycomfortable,buttherehadbeennothingtofellherthetime.she’dhadnoclockorwatches,notelevisionorradio.TherehadbeenNOnaturallightandthetemperaturehadalwaysbeenkeptat21℃.Theresultswereveryinteresting.Stefaniahadbeeninthecaveforoverfourmonths,butshethoughtshehadbeenthereforonlytwo.Herbodyclockhadchanged.shehadn’tkepttoa24-hourday,shehadstayedawakefor20-25hoursandthenhadsleptfor10hours.Shehadeatenfewermealsandhadlost171bsinweightasaresult!Shehadalsobecomeratherdepressed(抑郁).Howhadshespenthertimeinthecave?Aspartoftheexperimentshe’ddonesomephysicalandmentaltests.She’drecordedherdailyactivitiesandtheresultsofthetestsonacomputer.Thiscomputerhadbeenspeciallyprogrammedfortheproject.Whenevershewasfree,she’dplayedcards,readbooksandlistenedtomusictomusic.She’dalsolearnedFrenchfromtapes.Theexperimentshowedthatourbodyclocksareaffectedbylightandtemperature.forexample,thepatternofdayandnightmakesuswakeupandgotosleep.However,peopleareaffectedindifferentways.Somepeoplewakeupnaturallyat5:00am,butothersdon’tstarttowakeuptill9:00or10:00am.Thisaffectsthewholedailyrhythm.Asaresult,theearlyrisesareattheirbestinthelatemorning.Thelaterisers,ontheotherhand,aretiredduringthedayandonlycometolifetheafternoonorevening!68.Stefaniastayedinthecaveforalongtimebecause___________.A.shewasaskedtodoresearchonmiceB.shewantedtoexperiencelonelinessC.shewasthesubjectofastudyD.sheneededtorecordherlife69WhatisacauseforthechangeofStefania’sbodyclock?A.Eatingfewerhoursofsleep.B.HavingmorehoursofsleepC.Lackingphysicalexercise.D.Gettingnonaturallight.70.Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?A.Anovel.B.Anewsstory.C.Apetmagazine.D.Atravelguide.【答案】CDB【解析】一位名叫StefaniaFollini的女士参加了一个研究项目。她在一个深30英尺的洞穴里生活了130天，终日不见阳光，也没有记时工具。这项研究发现人体的生理节奏与光线和温度有关。68．C细节理解题。根据文章的第一段内容可知StefaniaFofiini作为研究对象参与了一项研究试验。故选C。111\n69．D推理判断题。根据文章的第二段最后两句和最后一段首句可知，无法计时和没有自然光使她的生理节奏产生了混乱。答案为D。70．B推理判断题。这篇文章为读者介绍了一项关于人体生理节奏的研究，应出现在报纸杂志等通俗读物上，故答案为B。（2022高考英语大纲全国I卷C）AlongtheriverbanksoftheAmazonandtheOrinocotherelivesabirdthatswimsbeforeitcanfly,flieslikeafatchicken,eatsgreenleaves,hasthestomachofacowandhasclaws(爪)onitswingswhenyoung.Theybuildtheirhomesabout4.6mabovetheriver,animportantfeature(特征)forthesafetyoftheyoung.Itiscalledthehoatzin.Inappearance,thebirdsofbothsexeslookverymuchalikewithbrownonthebackandcreamandredontheunderside.Theheadissmall,withalargesetoffeathersonthetop,brightredeyes,andblueskin.Itsnearestrelativesarethecommonbirds,cuckoos.Itsmoststrikingfeature,though,isonlyfoundintheyoung.Babyhoatzinshaveaclawontheleadingedgeofeachwingandanotherattheendofeachwingtip.Usingthesefourclaws,togetherwiththebeak(喙),theycanclimbaboutinthebushes,lookingverymuchlikeprimitivebirdsmusthavedone.Whentheyounghoatzinshavelearnedtofly,theylosetheirclaws.DuringthedriermonthsbetweenDecemberandMarchhoatzinsflyabouttheforestingroupsof20to30birds,butinApril,whentherainyseasonbegins,theycollecttogetherinsmallerlivingunitsoftwotosevenbirdsforproducingpurposes.63.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Hoatzinsindryandrainyseasons.B.Therelativesandenemiesofhoatzins.C.PrimitivebirdsandhoatzinsoftheAmazon.D.Theappearanceandlivinghabitsofhoatzins.64.Younghoatzinsaredifferentfromtheirparentsinthat.A.theylooklikeyoungcuckoosB.theyhaveclawsonthewingsC.theyeatalotlikeacowD.theyliveonriverbanks65.Whatcanweinferaboutprimitivebirdsfromthetext?A.Theyhadclawstohelpthemclimb.B.Theycouldflylongdistances.C.Theyhadfourwingslikehoatzins.D.Theyhadaheadwithlongfeathersonthetop.66.Whydohoatzinscollecttogetherinsmallergroupswhentherainyseasoncomes?A.Tofindmorefood.B.Toprotectthemselvesbetter.C.Tokeepthemselveswarm.D.Toproducetheiryoung.【答案】DBAD111\n（2022高考英语江西卷E）Everydayweexperienceoneofthewondersoftheworldarounduswithoutevenrealizingit.Itisnottheamazingcomplexityoftelevision,northeimpressivetechnologyoftransport.TheuniversalwonderweshareandExperienceisourabilitytomakenoiseswithourmouths,andsotransmitideasandthoughtstoeachother’sminds.Thisabilitycomessonaturallythattendtoforgetwhatamiracle（奇迹）itis.Obviously,theabilitytotalkissomethingthatmarkshumansofffromanimals.Ofcourse,someanimalshavepowersjustasamazing.Birdscanflythousandsofmilesbyobservingpositionsofthestarsintheskyinrelationtothetimeofdayandyear.InNature’swentshow,humansareaspeciesofanimalthathavedevelopedtheirownspecialact.Ifwereduceittobasicterms,it’saabilityforcommunicatinginformationtoothers,byvaryingsoundswemakeaswebreatheout.Notthatwedon’thaveotherpowersofcommunication.Ourfacialexpressionsconveyouremotions,suchasanger,orjoy,ordisappointment.Thewayweholdourbeadscanindicatetootherswhetherwearehappyorsad.Thisisso-called“bodylanguage”.Bristling(直立的)furisanunmistakablewarningofattackamongmanyanimals.Similarly,thebowedbeadordroopingtailshowsareadinesstotakesecondplaceinanyanimalgathering.Suchameansofcommunicationisabasicmechanismthatanimals,includinghumanbeings,instinctivelyacquireanddisplay.Istheabilitytospeakjustanothersortofinstinct?Ifso,howdidhumanbeingsacquirethisamazingskill?Biologistscanreadilyindicatethatparticularareaofourbrainwherespeechmechanismsfunction,butthisdoesn’ttellushowthatpartofourbodiesoriginatedinourbiologicalhistory.72.Accordingtothepassage,thewonderwetakeforgrantedis.A.ourabilitytouselanguageB.themiracleoftechnologyC.theamazingpowerofnatureD.ourabilitytomakenoiseswithmouth73.Whatfeatureof“bodylanguage”mentionedinthepassageiscommontobothhumansandanimals?111\nA.Liftingheadswhensad.B.Keepinglongfaceswhenangry.C.Bristlinghairwhenreadytoattack.D.Bowingheadswhenwillingtoobey.74.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?A.Bodylanguageisuniquetohumans.B.Animalsexpressemotionsjustashumansdo.C.Humanshaveotherpowersofcommunication.D.Humansarenodifferentfromanimalstosomedegree.75.Thispassageismainlyabout.A.thedevelopmentofbodylanguage.B.thespecialrolehumansplayinnature.C.thepowertoconveyinformationtoothers.D.thedifferencebetweenhumansandanimalsinlanguageuse.【答案】ADDC【解析】本文是一篇议论文。传达信息给别人的能力来自于我们充分运用语言的超凡能力。在某种程度上，人和动物本质上的不同也在于此。72．A事实细节题。根据第一段的第三句“Theuniversalwonderweshareandexperienceisourabilitytomakenoisewithoutmouths,andsotransmitideasandthoughtstoeachother’sminds.”可分析得出答案。选项D只是不够完整的部分细节。73．D推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知：A、B项只提到人而不指动物，c项只提到动物而不指人。第三段的最后一句“Similarly,thebowedheadordroopingtailshows…”既提到了人也提到了动物，故D项正确。74．D推理判断题。A项片面地强调bodylanguage是人类的唯一性，B项错在强调了动物与人类的完全等同，C项错在可以第三段首句直接得出，不需要推断，D项”在某种程度上，人类确实与动物没什么不同。”正确是因为与本段的暗示相吻合。75．C主旨大意题。A项是指“肢体语言的发展”，只是将文章的细节扩大；B项“人类在自然界的特殊作用”，不够具体；C项“传达信息给别人的能力”，是文章自始至终所阐述的观点；D项是指“人类与动物在语言应用方面的差异”，是文章的细节，而不是主要阐述的观点。（2022高考英语大纲全国I卷D）Sciencecan'texplainthepowerofpets,butmanystudieshaveshownthatthecompanyofpetscanhelplowerbloodpressure(血压)andraisechancesofrecoveringfromaheartattack,reducelonelinessandspreadall-roundgoodcheer.Anyownerwilltallyouhowmuchjoyapetbrings.Forsome,ananimalprovidesmorecomfortthanahusband/wife.A2022studybyKarenAllenoftheStateUniversityofNewYorkmeasuredstress(紧张)levelsandbloodpressureinpeople-halfofthempetowners–whiletheyperformed5minutesofmentalarithmetic(算术)orheldahandinicewater.Subjectscompletedthetasksalone,withahusband/wife,aclosefriendorwithapet.Peoplewithpetsdiditbest.Thosetestedwiththeiranimalfriendshadsmallerchangeinbloodpressureandreturnedmostquicklytobaselineheartrates.Withpetsintheroom,peoplealsomadefewermathmistakesthanwhendoinginfrontofothercompanions.Itseemspeoplefeelmorerelaxed(放松)aroundpets,saysAllen,whothinksitmaybebecausepetsdon'tjudge.111\nAstudyreportedlastfallsuggeststhathavingapetdognotonlyraisesyourspiritsbutmayalsohaveaneffectonyoureatinghabits.ResearchersatNorthwesternMemorialHospitalspentayearstudying36fatpeopleandtheirequallyfatdogsondiet-and-exerciseprograms;aseparategroupof56peoplewithoutpetswereputonadietprogram.Onaverage,peoplelostaboutI1pounds,or5%oftheirbodyweight.Theirdogsdidevenbetter,losinganaverageof12pounds,morethan15%oftheirbodyweight.Dogownersdidn'tloseanymoreweightthanthosewithoutdogsbut,sayresearchers,gotmoreexerciseoverall-mostlywiththeirdogs-andfounditworthdoing.67.Whatdoesthetextmainlydiscuss?A.Whatpetsbringtotheirowners.B.Howpetshelppeoplecalmdown.C.People'sopinionsofkeepingpets.D.Pet'svalueinmedicalresearch.68.Welearnfromthetextthatapersonwithheartdiseasehasabetterchanceofgettingwellif.A.hehasapetcompanionB.hehaslessstressofworkC.heoftendoesmentalarithmeticD.heistakencareofbyhisfamily69.AccordingtoAllen,whydidthepeopledobetterwithpetsaroundwhenfacingstressfultasks?A.Theyhavelowerbloodpressure.B.Theybecomemorepatient.C.Theyarelessnervous.D.Theyareinhigherspirits.70.TheresearchmentionedinthelastparagraphreportsthatA.peoplewithdogsdidmoreexerciseB.dogslostthesameweightaspeopledidC.dogslikedexercisemuchmorethanpeopledidD.peoplewithoutdogsfoundtheprogramunhelpful111\n（2022高考英语广东卷C）Foodsometimesgetspoisonedwithharmfulthings.Apersonwhoeatssuchfoodcangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning.Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly,Thesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursofeatingthepoisonedfood.Feverisoneofthemostcommonsymptoms.Certainmicroorganisms(微生物)causemosttypesoffoodpoisoning.Bacteriaandothermicroorganismscanpoisoneggs,meat,vegetables,andmanyotherfoods.Afterenteringthebody,thesetinylivingthingsrelease(释放)poisonsthatmakepeoplesick.Somechemicalscanalsocausefoodpoisoning.Theyareoftenaddedtofoodwhileitisbeinggrown,processed,orprepaid.Forexample,manyfarmersspraychemicalsoncropstokillweedsandinsects.Somepeoplemayhaveabadreactiontothosechemicalswhentheyeatthecrops.Someplantsandanimalscontainnaturalpoisonsthatareharmfultopeople.Theseincludecertainkindsofseafood,grains,nuts,seeds,beans,andmushrooms.Whenpeoplehandlefoodproperly,theriskoffoodpoisoningisverysmallMicroorganismsmultiplyrapidlyindirtyplacesandinwarmtemperatures.Thismeansthatpeopleshouldnevertouchfoodwithdittyhandsorputfoodonunwashedsurfaces.Foodshouldbekeptinarefrigeratortostopmicroorganismsfromgnawing.Meatneedstobecookedthoroughlytokillanydangerousmicroorganisms.Peopleshouldalsowashfoodcoveredwithchemicalsbeforeeatingit.Finally,peopleshouldnoteatraidmushroomsorotherfoodsthatgrowinthewild.Someofthesefoodsmaycontainnaturalmaterialsthatarepoisonoustohumans.Inaddition,sometypesoffishcanbepoisonous.Mostpeoplerecoverfromfoodpoisoningafterafewdaysofrestinganddrinkingextrawater.Ifpeopleeatnaturalpoisons,theymustgotothehospitalrightawaytohavetheirstomachsemptied.51.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Foodwhenpoisonedcanmakepeoplesick.111\n【答案】BCBDC【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了引起食物中毒的原因与预防措施。。51．B细节理解题。根据文章第一段的第三句话和最后一段的内容可知食物中毒并不一定意味着死亡，因此B项表述错误。．52．C细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“Thesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursofeatingthepoisonedfood”可知食物中毒的症状会在几个小时内表现出来。53．B细节理解题。文章的第二、三和四段列举了引起食物中毒的原因，没有提到lowtempenatures，因此B项为正确答案。倒数第二段的第二句话也是答案提示。54．D细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的内容可知不同的食物应当采取不同的处理方法以避免食物中毒。55．C细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的内容可知食物中毒也是可以预防的，因此选择C项。【两年模拟】11、12名校模拟题及其答案2022名校模拟【湖北省八校2022届高三第一次联考】Squirrelsoftencommunicatewithwhistles,chirpsandchucks,whichsoundliketheword“chuck”．Whistlesandchirpsarelikethesoundsthatmanybirdsmake．Nowscientistshavetranslatedsomeoftheirsquirrel-speak．111\nHare,aprofessorofzoologyattheUniversityofManilohainWinnipeg,andhisteammanagedtorecordsquirrels'alarmcalls．Theresearchersstudiedthesoundsandthenplayedthembackto60wildsquirrels,whichthescientistsapproachedindividuallywithavideorecordertocapture(抓拍）theirreponses．Somesquirrelsliftedtheirheadsupandbecame．Alert(警惕的）．Creaturesthatweremorefrightenedsimplyranfortheirlivesanddivedintocaves．"Ineffectthen,whistlesthatmixwithchuckssay'there'sanenemyofaveragethreatthat'shere',andwhistleswithoutchuckssay'there'sanenemyofseeminglyaveragethreataroundheresomewhere',whilepurechirpssay,'I'mhidingherebecausethere'sanimmediatedanger．'"Haretold．DiscoveryNews．Hareandsomeotherresearchersbelievesuchsoundsarcpartofanadvancedlanguagethatdevelopsjustasallothercommunicationsystems．Althoughsquirrelsrisktheirliveswhentheycallouttowarnothersofthreats,othersquirrelsmightadmirethisbehaviour,thusincreasinglythecaller’ssocialstatus,likehumanswholookuptoheroes.Hareaddedthatotheranimals,suchasbirds,probablyunderstandatleastsomesquirrellanguage,sincetheyalsomaybenefitfromthealarmcalls.Infact,anotherCanadianstudyfoundthatdeep-voiced,black-cappedchickadeeshavetheirownlanguagetoo．Accordingtocertainresearch,therearealotoftidingsinchickadees'calls,suchasdirectingfellows'activities,keepingincontactbetweenmates,andraisingalarms．Whilechickadeesandotherbirdsareoftenwelcomedintogardensbyhomeowners,squirrelsarefrequentlyviewedaspests(害兽）.Harewishesagreaterunderstandingofthecomplexsociallivesandcommunicationsystemsofsquirrelswillprovide“hopethathumanswillgainagreaterappreciationandstopdoingharmtotheseanimals”.1．Thetextmainlytalksabout．A．thestudyonthelanguageofsquirrelsB．thecomparisonbetweensquirrelsandchickadeesC．thecallingfortheprotectionofsquirrels111\nD．thewaysforsquirrelstoescapefromtheirenemies2．Ifasquirrelisinaverydangeroussituation,itwouldprobablymake____．A．whistleswithchucksB．purechirpsC．whistleswithoutchucksD．repeatedchucks3．Theunderlinedword“tidings”inpardgmph6probablymeans____．A．difficultiesB．poisesC．messagesD．languages4．Whatcanbelearnedfromthistext?A．Squirrelscommunicatewithcachotherashumansdo.B．Somesquirrelsunderstandtherecordedalarmcalls.C．Otheranimalsalsowellunderstandthelanguageofsquirrels．D．Birdssuchaschickadeesdon’thavetheirownlanguage．【2022·江苏百校联考】Nowinaworldpiledhighwithsmartphones，tabletsande-readers，technologyhasenteredtheclassroominwaysunimaginable.Takingclassescanbefuntoo.A11youhavetodoisswipeyourfingersonyourphonescreenanddownloadsameApps,whichcanmakeyourstudymorefunandefficient.Balancingstudyandplayinacollegesettinghasneverbeeneasy----andwiththefollowingfewapps,it'llbetoughtotellthetwoapart.111\nEvernoteUse:note-takingCanbeusedon：Phone/iPad/iPodtouch，Android，BlackBerry，PalmOSandWindowsPhone7Price：freeIt'shardtoimaginethatwithallthemagicalgadgets,theeager,studioustypeswouldstilltakeoutanotepad，pencil，andhighlighter-andtakenotesinclass.Whileit'snotanactualplannerorcalendarApp，ifyoutakenotestostayorganized，thenEvemoteisforyou.ThemainthingaboutEvernateisthatallofyournotesareautomaticallysentintothecloud(云储存平台上)---andthenyoucanaccessthemfromanyweb-connectedcomputerviatheEvemoteApporawebbrowser.Evernotealsosupportaudioandphotonotes-ratherhandyifyouwanttorecordyourlectureortakephotosofanyprojectednotes.But，ofcourse,askforpermissionfirst.WikpanionUse：researchdatabaseCanbeusedon：iPhone/Pad/iPodtouchPrice：free（WikipanionPlusfor＄4,99，or31．87yuan)Now，youdon'tnecessarilyhavetogotoalibraryoranywherewithcomputerservicestodoresearchworkforyourpaperanymore.Youcangetaccesstotheresearchdatabasesjustonyoursmartphoneortablet.WkipaniongivesyouasimplifiedversionofWikipedawithoutleavingoutanyofthesite'sextrafeatures.Thenormallinksthatyou'dseetoeachsectionofanarticlexrenolongeronthemainscreen.Instead，there'sasmalliconlocatedatthebottomoftheapp，whichcanbeusedtoaccessallthesectionsofanarticle.YoucanalsoopenthelinksinSafari(苹果)Safari(浏览器)．Accordingtothedevelopers'site,loadingWikipediapageswithWikpanionisalotfasterthanaccessingtheWikipediasitefromtheiPhone'sbrowses.Tobehonest，weagree.ConqueringBilingualNewsListeningin7DaysUse:Englishlearningapplication111\nCanbeusedon:iPhone/iPad/iPodtouchPrice：ForalimitedtimeyoucangettheAppforonly＄0.99---halfprice.StilllearningEnglishwithaworkbook?ifso，youarebehindthetimes.Get21thCenturyNewspaper'snewiPhoneApp，"ConqueringBilingualNewsListeningin7Days".WhenyoudownloadtheApponyouriPhone，youcanlistentothehottestbilingualnewsselectedfromthenewspaper'sofficialwebsite(www.i2lst.cn)andreadbynativespeakers.Userscanenjoytheaudiobilingualnewswithsynchronizedsubtitlesandfantasticpictureswhileimmersedinanauthenticlanguageenvironment.Withasimpletap，thesentenceyouchoosewillberepeated."ConqueringBilingualNewsListeningin7Days"hasrankedNo.1ontheChineseeducationApplist.ForalimitedtimeyoucangettheAppforonly＄0.99---halfprice.1.Thispassagemainlyaimsat_____A,studentsB,travellersC.advertisersD.teachers2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.YoucangetthelastAppmentionedforonly＄0.99----halfprice.B.Wikipanonisfree.ofcharge.C.EvernotehasrankedNo.1ontheChineseeducationApplist.D.Allthesethreeprogramsareimaginary.3.Fromthepassage，weknowthat＿·A.studentswouldstilltakeoutanotepad，pencil，andhighlightertotakenoteswithEvernoteB.withWikpanion，youcanrecordyourlectureortakephotosofthenotesC.accessingthe-WikipediasitefromtheiPhone'sbrowserisalotfasterthanloadingWikipediapageswithWikipanonD．withEvernote，allofyournotesareautomaticallysentintothecloud4.Whichisthebesttitle?A.HowtoBeaStudiousstudent?B.GadgetsMakeStudyFunC.TheInternetIsVeryImportantinOurLifeD.It'sNecessarytoHaveaniPhone111\n【答案与解析】随着高科技发明渗透到生活中的各个领域，就连校园课堂也不再那么单调乏味。智能应用程序的诞生使得学习者能够更加轻松、高效地汲取知识。1．A推理判断题。文章中提到了3种应用程序，在讲述其用途时反复提及studious;takenotesinclass,recordyourlecture，doresearchworkforyourpaper等等，可见该产品的对象是“学生”。2.B推理判断题。Wikipanion(维基百科阅读伴侣）是免费的，但WikipanionPlus(维基百科Plus版）需4.99美元。3.D推理判断题。根据Wikipanion部分可知，研发人员网站上介绍，在维基百科阅读伴侣上加载维基百科页面要比使用苹果浏览器访问维基百科快得多，所以C项错误；文章中Evernote部分提到，ThemainthingaboutEvernoteisthatallofyournotesareautomaticallysentintothecloud.．，故D项正确。4.B标题归纳题。本文主要讲的就是应用程序帮助你学习更加轻松、高效，故D正确。【2022·三明联考】It’struethatquiteafewmostrespectedscientificauthoritieshaveconfirmedthattheworldisbecominghotterandhotter.There’salsostrongevidencethathumansarecontributingtothewarming.Countlessrecentreportshaveprovedthesamething.Forinstance,a2022summaryabouttheclimatesciencebytheRoyalSocietynotedthat:“Theglobalwarmingoverthelasthalf-centuryhasbeencausedmainlybyhumanactivity.”Youmaynotbelievethathumanscouldchangetheplanet’sclimate,butthebasicscienceiswellunderstood.Eachyear,billionsoftonsofgreenhousegasesarereleasedintotheatmospherebecauseofhumanactivity.Ashasbeenknownforyears,thesegasesholdheatthatwouldotherwiseescapetospace,wrappingtheplanetinaninvisible(看不见的)blanket.Ofcourse,theearth’sclimatehasalwaysbeenchangingdueto“natural”factorssuchasvolcaniceruption（熔化）orchangesinsolar,orcyclesconcerningtheEarth’sgoingaroundthesun.Accordingtothescientificresearch,however,thewarmingobservedbynowmatchesthepatternofwarmingwewouldexpectfromabuild-upofgreenhousegasintheatmosphere–notthewarmingwewouldexpectfrom111\notherpossiblecauses.Evenifscientistsdiddiscoveranotherreasonableexplanationforthewarmingrecordedsofar,thatwouldgivebirthtoadifficultquestion.AsRobertHensonputsit:“Ifsomenewlydiscoveredfactoristoblamefortheclimatechange,thenwhyaren’tcarbondioxideandtheothergreenhousegasesproducingthewarmingthatbasicphysicstellsustheyshouldbe?”Theonlywaytoprovewith100%certaintythathumansareresponsibleforglobalwarmingwouldbetorunanexperimentwithtwoidenticalEarths– onewithhumaninfluenceandonewithout.Thatobviouslyisn’tpossible,andsomostscientistsarecarefulnottostatehumaninfluenceasanabsolutecertainty.1.Inmostscientists’opinion,theglobalwarmingismainlycausedby________.A.solaractivityB.volcanicactivityC.naturalfactorsD.humanfactors2.Thetextisdevelopedby________.A.givingtypicalexamplesB.followingtheorderofspaceC.analyzingatheoryandarguingitD.comparingandfindingdifferences3.Theunderlineword“identical”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans________.A.totallydifferentB.exactlythesameC.extremelyimportantD.partlyindependent4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitle?A.AreAlltheScientistsReallyScientific?B.WhereIsGlobalWarmingLeadingUsto?C.AreHumansDefinitelyCausingGlobalWarming?D.What’sRelationofGlobalWarmingandGreenhouseGases?111\n【答案与解析】这是一篇关于全球气候变暖的文章。文章分析了导致全球变暖的各种原因，并指出人类活动因素是导致气候变暖的主要原因。1.D考查事实细节。根据第一段第二句“here’salsostrongevidencethathumansarecontributingtothewarming”(这儿也有强有力的证据表明人类为全球气候变暖做出了“贡献”)可知人类因素是导致气候变暖的主要原因。humanfactors(人类因素).。2.C考查综合理解。纵观全文，第一段提出人类活动因素是导致全球气候变暖的主要原因。接下来分析讨论为什么说人类活动可以导致气候变暖。文章就是按这种方式叙述的。analyzingatheoryandarguingit(分析理论并进行辩论)符合本文描述方式。3.B考查词义猜测。根据最后一段句意，要用两个同样的地球做实验(一个有人类影响，另一个没有)来证明人类的确应该为全球气候变暖承担责任。exactlythesame(极端相似)符合该词词义。4.C标题判断题。文章开始提出人类活动因素导致了全球气候变暖，然后分析讨论为什么人类活动能够导致全球气候变暖。文章通篇都贯穿人类的活动。AreHumansDefinitelyCausingGlobalWarming？(的确是人类导致全球气候变暖吗)符合该文章标题。【2022·顺义素质展示】ThebrownwidowspiderbecameestablishedinSouthernCaliforniainearly2000andhasbecomepartofthelocalspiderfamilyinurbanLosAngelesandSanDiego. ThebrownwidowspideriscontinuingitsexpansioninSouthernCaliforniaandcouldpossiblymovenorthwardintoCentralCalifornia.ThebrownwidowissuspectedtohaveevolvedinAfricaalthoughitwasfirstdescribedfromSouthAmerica,whichaddsconfusionastowhereitmighthaveoriginated. ItisatropicalandsubtropicalspiderhavingestablishedpopulationsinHawaii,Florida,partsofAustralia,SouthAfricaandJapan. InNorthAmerica,thebrownwidowwasrestrictedformanydecadestotheFloridapeninsula. However,aroundtheyear2000,itstartedshowingupinotherGulfCoaststates. BrownwidowsarenowknownfromTexastoGeorgiaandSouthCarolina. Thebrownwidowbuildsitswebinprotectedsitesaroundhomesandinwoodyvegetationwithbranches. Sometypicalsitesselectedbybrownwidowsforwebbuildingareemptycontainerssuchasbucketsandnurserypots,mailboxes,entrywaycorners,undereaves,storageclosetsandgarages,undercarriagesofmotorvehiclesthatarestationaryforlongperiods,andtheundersidesofoutdoor111\nfurniture.Theychooseplacesthataremoreexposedthansiteschosenbyblackwidowsandtherefore,appeartobeathigherriskforinteractionswithhumansasfarasbitesareconcerned.Onerecentstudydemonstratesthatthebrownwidowspiderislesspoisonousthanotherwidowspecies.Thereasonfortheweakereffectofbrownwidowbitesonhumansispossiblybecausethebrownwidowdoesnothavemuchpoisonasitslargerrelatives,butitisreallyathreattohumansastoitspoison.Thetwomajorsymptomsofabrownwidowbitewerethatthebitehurtwhenitwasgivenanditleftaredmark.Thesetwosymptomsarenotmuchdifferentfromthebiteofnormalhouseholdspiders. Thereisnospecificinformationregardingthecontrolofbrownwidowsbyfarmchemicals.Mostcurrentadviceiswhatisusedforcontrollingspidersingeneral.Therefore,mostcommerciallyavailablefarmchemicalsshouldworkonbrownwidows.Avoidingamessofthehouseandthegarageshouldreducenestsitesforthem.Also,oneshouldstoregarageitemsinplasticbagswheretheremightbeinteractionswithspiders.Theseitemsincluderarelyworngarmentssuchasgardeningclothesandgloves,recreationalitemslikesportsequipment(i.e.,baseballgloves)andotheritemswherespiderscancrawlupintoholeswherefingerscanbeinserted.1.Theauthorwrotethisarticleto_______.A.announcetheresultofaresearchonspidersB.introducethewaystogetridofthespidersC.reportanewfindingofthewidowspeciesD.warnreadersagainstthebrownwidow2.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethat_______.A.brownwidowsarespreadingnorthwardB.thebrownwidoworiginatedfromAfricaC.brownwidowsnowcanbefoundinallcountriesD.thereusedtobenobrownwidowsinNorthAmerica3.Thethirdparagraphismainlyabout_______.A.thebrownwidow’swebbuilding111\nB.thecharacteristicsofthebrownwidowC.thehabitatpreferencesofthebrownwidowD.thebrownwidow’sthreatentohumanbeings4.Itcanbeinferredthat_______.A.brownwidowscanbekilledwithanyfarmchemicalsB.atpresentpeoplecanonlycontrolbrownwidowspidersC.thebrownwidowhasmorepoisonthantheblackwidowD.victimsbittenbythebrownwidowneedn’tseethedoctor【答案与解析】一种褐色的毒蜘蛛正在美国蔓延，其危害不容忽视。更糟糕的是，目前还没有消灭它的方法，只能尽力进行控制和预防。【2022·浙江调研】Whichissillier:denyingweeverwenttothemoonortryingtoconvincethetruenonbelievers?Onceuponatime–July20,1969,tobespecific–twomengotoutoftheirlittlespaceshipandwanderedaroundonthemoonforawhile.Tenmoremenwalkedonthemoonoverthenextthreeandahalfyears.Theend.Unfortunately,notquite.AfairnumberofAmericansthinkthatthiswholebusinessofmoonlandingsreallyisafairytale.Theybelievethatthelandingswereabighoax(骗局)stagedintheMojaveDesert,toconvinceeveryonethatU.S.technologywasthe“bestest”inthewholewideworld.Whichistheharderthingtodo:Sendmentothemoonormakebelievewedid?Thefactisthephysicsbehindsendingpeopletothemoonissimple.Youcandoit111\nwithcomputerswhoseentirememorycapacitiescannowfitonchipsthesizeofpostagestampsandthatcostaboutasmuchas,well,apostagestamp.Iknowyoucanbecausewedid.However,lastfallNASAconsideredspending$15,000onapublic-relationscampaigntoconvincetheunimpressedthatAmericanshadinfactgonetothemoon.ThatideawasmostlyareactiontoaFoxtelevisionprogram,firstairedinFebruary2022,thatclaimedtoexposethehoax.Theshow’screatorisapublicityhound(猎狗)whohasliveduptothenameinmorewaysthanonebyhoundingBuzzAldrin,thesecondmanonthemoon.Mr.X(asIwillcallhim,therebydenyinghimthejoyoussightofhisnameinprint)recentlyfollowedBuzzAldrinaroundandcalledhim“athief,liarandcoward”untilthe72-year-oldastronautfinallylostitandhitthe37-year-oldMr.Xintheface.Anyway,NASA’spublicitycampaignbegantoslowdown.ThenonbelieverstookthecampaignasNASA’sefforttohidesomethingwhilethebelieverssaidthat$15,000toconvincepeoplethattheworldwasround—Imean,thatwehadgonetothemoon—wassimplyawasteofmoney.(Actually,the$15,000wassupposedtopayforanarticlebyJamesE.Oberg,anastronomywriterwho,withAldrin,hascontributedtoScientificAmerican.)IfNASA’snotpayingOberg,perhapsitcouldputthemoneytogoodusebyhiringtwobigguystodragNeilArmstrongoutofthehouse.Armstrongisanextremelyprivateman,butheisalsothefirstmanonthemoon,somaybehehasadutytobeabitmoreoutspokenabouttheexperience.OrNASAcouldjustbuyAldrinacommemorateplaque(纪念匾)forhisrecenttouchonthefaceofMr.X.1.WecanlearnfromParagraphs2and3thatsomeAmericansbelieve_______.A.moonlandingswereinventedB.U.S.technologywasthebestC.moonlandingendedsuccessfullyD.theMojaveDesertwasthelaunchingbase2.Accordingtothewriter,whichofthefollowingistoblameforthestoryabout111\nthehoax?A.NASA’spublicitycampaign.B.TheFoxtelevisionprogram.C.BuzzAldrin.D.JamesE.Oberg.3.Accordingtothewriter,Mr.X_______.A.toldafaithfulstoryB.wasnottreatedproperlyC.wasatalentedcreatorD.hadabadreputation4.ThebelieversthinkthatNASA’spublicitycampaignis________.A.prooftohidethetruthB.stupidandunnecessaryC.neededtoconvincethenon-believersD.importanttodevelopspacetechnology5.Whatisimpliedinthelastparagraph?A.NASAshouldnotbotherwiththenon-believers.B.Armstrongwasaveryprivateanddeterminedperson.C.ArmstrongshouldbeasoutspokenasBuzzAldrin.D.NASAshouldsendmoreastronautstoouterspace.6.Thetoneofthearticleis_______.A.angryB.conversationalC.humorousD.matter-of-fact111\n【雅礼中学2022届高三月考试卷（四）】SeveralanimalspeciesincludinggorillasinRwandaandtigersinBangladeshcouldriskextinctioniftheimpactofclimatechangeandextremeweatherontheirhabitatsisnotaddressed,aUNreportshowedonSunday.LaunchedonthesidelinesofglobalclimatenegotiationsinDurban,thereportbytheUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganizationshowshowhighertemperatures,theriseinsealevels,deforestationandexcessivelandusehavedamagedthehabitatsofcertainspecies,especiallyinAfrica."Manyecosystemshavealreadybeenstressedbyincreasingpopulation,historicalandrecentdeforestation,unsustainablemanagementpracticesandeveninvasivespecies,"EduardoRojas-Briales,assistantdirectorgeneralattheFAO'sforestrydepartment,saidatthelaunchofthereport.111\nThemostaffectedareasincludemountains,isolatedislandsandcoastalareas,whichlimitthepossibilitiesforanimalstomigrateelsewhereandcreatenewhabitats."Theremainingpopulationsbecomeenclosedinverysmallecosystems,theyhaveinbreeding（近亲交配）problems...andattheendthesespeciesmaydisappear,"headded.OtherexamplesofaffectedanimalsincludedelephantsinMali,lionsintheSerengetiandcrocodilesinMalawi.Thereportsaidanestimated20-30percentofplantandanimalspecieswillbeathigherriskofextinctionduetoglobalwarmingandasignificantproportionofendemicspeciesmaybecomeextinctby2050asaconsequence.Otherconsequencescouldincludethespreadofinvasivespeciesandinfectiousdiseases,itsaid.Thereporturgesmorefocusonrestorationofdamagedecosystems,especiallythosekeytotackling（应对）climatechangesuchasmangroves（红树林）,inlandwaters,forests,savannahs（非洲大草原）andgrasslands.TheFAOalsocalledforthecreationofmigrationcorridorsforanimalsinareaswheretheirmovementwasconstrained.Theorganizationsaidwhilemoreresourceswereflowingtobiodiversityconservation,moreactionatthegovernmentandpolicylevelwasneeded.Italsourgedlocalcommunitiestodevelopprojectsthatmitigatetheimpactofclimatechangeonwildlife,namingeco-tourismactivitiesasanexample.56.Whyaremountains,isolatedislandsandcoastalareasbecomingthemostaffectedareas,accordingtothepassage?A.Becauseanimalstherearemorelikelytomigratetootherplacesandcreatenewhabitats.B.Becauseofhighertemperaturesandtheriseinsealevelsthere.C.Becauseitislesspossibleforanimalstomovetootherplacesandcreatenewhabitats.D.Becauseofthespreadofinvasivespeciesandinfectiousdiseases.111\n57.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigate”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Makingsomethingbecomelessserious.B.Makinguseof.C.Developing.D.Movingfromoneplacetoanother.58.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT“”.A.Theincreasingpopulation,historicalandrecentdeforestation,unsustainablemanagementpracticesandeveninvasivespecieshaveputgreatpressureontheecosystem.B.WeshouldpaymoreattentiontotherestorationofdamagedecosystemsC.Alltheplantsandanimalspecieswillbeathigherriskofdistinctionduetoglobalwarmingby2050.D.Foranimalslivinginareaswheretheirmovementswerelimited,weshouldcreatemorecorridorsforthem.59.Whatcanweinferfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Therearenoresourcesavailabletoconservethebiodiversity.B.Itisthelocalcommunitiesratherthanthegovernmentthatshouldtakemeasurestoprotectthespeciesfromextinction.C.Itisbetterforthelocalcommunitiestorestricteco-tourismactivities.D.Thegovernmentshouldtakesomemeasuresandsomepoliciesshouldbemadetoprotectthebiodiversitythoughmoresourceswerebeingusedforit.60.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.AnimalsatriskB.GlobalwarminganditsconsequencesC.SolutionstoanimaldistinctionD.Animalsatriskduetoclimatechange语篇解读：气候变化对野生物带来极大的影响，因为有必要采取措施减轻气候变化。56.C.细节理解题。根据第四段“Themostaffectedareasincludemountains,isolatedislandsandcoastalareas,whichlimitthepossibilitiesforanimalstomigrateelsewhereandcreatenewhabitats.”可判断选C项。111\n57.A.词义猜测题。要求当地发展项目来减轻气候变化对野生物的影响，由此可推断划线词应意为“使某事物变得更不严重”，故选A项。【望城二中2022届高三第四次月考试卷】Holdingacellphoneagainstyourearorstoringitinyourpocketmaybedangeroustoyourhealth.Thisexplainsawarningthatcellphonemanufacturersincludeinthesmallprintthatisoftenignoredwhenanewphoneispurchased.Apple,forexample,doesn’twantiPhonestocomeclosertoyouthan1.5centimeters;ResearchInMotion,BlackBerry’smanufacturer,recommends2.5centimeters.Ifhealthissuesarisefromcellphoneuse,thepossibleeffectsarehuge.Voicecalls-Americanschatoncellphones2.26trillion(万亿)minutesannually-earn$109billionforthewirelesscarriers.DevraDavis,anexpertwhohasworkedfortheUniversityofPittsburgh,haspublishedabookaboutcellphoneradiation,“Disconnect.”Thebooksurveysscientificresearchandconcludesthequestionisnotsettled.BraincancerisaconcernthatMs.Davisexamines.Overall,therehasnotbeenanincreaseinitsincidencesincecellphonesarrived.Buttheaveragemasksanincreaseinbraincancerinthe20-to-29agegroupandadropfortheolderpopulation.“Mostcancershavemultiplecauses,”shesays,butshepointstolaboratoryresearchthatsuggestslow-energyradiationcoulddamagecellsthatcouldpossibly111\nleadtocancer.Childrenaremorevulnerable（易受伤的）toradiationthanadults,Ms.Davisandotherscientistspointout.Radiationthatpenetratesonlyfivecentimetersintothebrainofanadultwillreachmuchdeeperintothebrainsofchildrenbecausetheirskullsarethinnerandtheirbrainscontainmoreabsorptivefluid（易吸收的液体）.Nostudieshaveyetbeencompletedoncellphoneradiationandchildren,shesays.HenryLai,aresearchprofessorinthebioengineeringdepartmentattheUniversityofWashington,beganlaboratoryradiationstudiesin1980andfoundthatratsexposedtoradiationhaddamagedDNAintheirbrains.Ms.Davisrecommendsusingwiredheadsetsorthephone’sspeaker.Childrenshouldtextratherthancall,shesaid,andpregnantwomenshouldkeepphonesawayfromtheabdomen（腹部）.66.Whyisthewarninginthesmallprint?A.Theydon’twanttheuserstopayattentiontoit.B.Thereisnotenoughspaceforthewarning.C.Theythinkpeoplewillnotcareaboutit.D.Thewarningisnotimportantatall.67.AccordingtoMsDavis,braincancerincrease____.A.amongchildrenB.amongoldpeopleC.inthetwentiesD.amongpregnantwomen68.Whydochildreneasilybeaffectedbyradiation?A.Becausetheyhaven’tgrownup.B.Becausetheyaretooyoungtoprotectthemselves.C.Becausetheyusecellphonesmoreoftenthanadults.D.Becausetheirskullsarethinnerandtheirbrainsareeasilyhurt.69.Whatcanweconcludefromthelastparagraph?A.Pregnantwomenshouldkeepcellphonesaway.B.Peopleshouldusecellphonesinthecorrectway.C.Ifyouareachild,you’dbettertextthanmakephonecalls.111\nD.Whenyouuseacellphone,useawiredheadsetorthephone’sspeaker.70.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Becarefulwhenusingcellphones.B.Don’tholdyourcellphoneagainstyourear.C.RatsexposedtoradiationhavedamagedDNAintheirbrains.D.Low-energyradiationcoulddamagecellsthatcouldleadtocancer.【2022届衡阳八中第三次月考试题】CForyears,therehasbeenabias（偏见）againstscienceamongclinicalpsychologists.Inatwo-yearanalysistobepublishedinNovemberinPerspectivesonPsychologicalScience,psychologistsledbyTimothyB.BakeroftheUniversityofWisconsinchargethatmanyclinicalpsychologistsfailto“providethetreatmentsforwhichthereisthestrongestevidenceofeffectiveness”and“give111\nmoreweighttotheirpersonalexperiencesthantoscience.”Asaresult,patientshavenoguaranteethattheir“treatmentwillbeinformedbyscience.”WalterMischelofColumbiaUniversityisevencruelerinhisjudgment.“Thedisconnectbetweenwhatclinicalpsychologistsdoandwhatsciencehasdiscoveredisanextremeembarrassment,”hetoldme,and“thereisawideninggapbetweenclinicalpracticeandscience.”The“widening”reflectsthegreatprogressthatpsychologicalresearchhasmadeinidentifyingthemosteffectivetreatments.Thankstostrictclinicaltrials,wenowknowthatteachingpatientstothinkabouttheirthoughtsinnew,healthierwaysandtoactonthosenewwaysofthinkingareeffectiveagainstdepression,panicdisorderandotherproblems,withmultipletrialsshowingthatthesetreatments—thetoolsofpsychology—bringmorelastingbenefitsthandrugs.Youwouldn’tknowthisifyousoughthelpfromatypicalclinicalpsychologist.Althoughmanytreatmentsareeffective,relativelyfewpsychologistslearnorpracticethem.experiencethanonsciencewhendecidinghowtotreatapatient.Iftheykeeponthispathasinsurancecompaniesdemandevidence-basedmedicine,warnsMischel,psychologywill“discredititself.”66.Manyclinicalpsychologistsfailtoprovidethemosteffectivetreatmentsbecause_____.A.theyareunfamiliarwiththeirpatientsB.theybelieveinscienceandevidenceC.theydependontheircolleagues’help111\nD.theyrelyontheirpersonalexperiences69.InMischel’sopinion,psychologywill______.A.destroyitsownreputationifnoimprovementismadeB.developfasterwiththesupportofinsurancecompaniesC.worktogetherwithinsurancecompaniestoprovidebettertreatmentD.becomemorereliableifinsurancecompanieswon’tdemandevidence-basedmedicine70.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.Toshowthewriter’sdisapprovalofclinicalpsychologists.B.Toinformthereadersoftherisksofpsychologicaltreatments.C.Toexplaintheeffectivenessoftreatmentsbyclinicalpsychologists.D.Tointroducethelatestprogressofmedicaltreatmentinclinicalpsychology.67.C细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第一句“The‘widening’reflectsthegreatprogress111\nthat70.A推理判断题。纵观全文，文是围绕“临床心理学家对科学长期持有偏见，依赖个人经验对病人进行治疗”展开，以“Mischel”的观点结尾，表明作者不赞同临床心理学家的做法。【2022届福建惠安高级中学第三次月考】BAmericanresearchershavedevelopedatechniquethatmaybecomeanimportanttoolinfightingAIDSvirusfromattackingitstarget-cellsinthebody’sdefensesystem.WhenAIDSvirusenterstheblood,itsearchesforbloodcellscalledT4lymphocytes(淋巴细胞).ThevirusconnectstotheoutsideofT4lymphocytes.Thenitforcesitswayinside.Thereitdirectsthecells’geneticmaterialtoproducecopiesoftheAIDSvirus.ThisishowAIDSspreads.ResearchersthinktheymaybeabletostopAIDSfromconnectingtoT4cells.WhenAIDSvirusfindsaT4cell,itactuallyconnectstoapartofthecellcalledCD4protein.ResearcherswanttofoolthevirusbyputtingcopiesorclonesoftheCD4proteinintotheblood.ThiswaytheAIDSviruswillconnecttoclonedproteininsteadoftherealones.Scientistsusegeneticengineeringmethodstomaketheclones.NormallyaCD4proteinremainsontheT4cellatalltimes;theAIDSvirusmustgotoit.Inanewtechnique,however,theclonedCD4proteinisnotconnectedtoacell.111\nItfloatsfreely,soalotmorecanbeputintothebloodtokeeptheAIDSvirusawayfromrealCD4proteinonT4cells.OnereportsaystheAIDSvirusconnectstoclonedproteinjustaseffectivelyasitconnectstorealprotein.Thatreportwasbasedontestswithbloodcellsgrowninlabs.Thetechniqueisjustnowbeginningtobetestedinanimals.Ifsuccessful,itmaybetestedinhumanswithinayear.60.Thenewtechniquecan_________.A.cureAIDSB.killtheAIDSvirusC.preventtheAIDSvirusfromspreadingD.producenewanti-AIDScells61.WhentheAIDSvirusenterstheblood,itisreproducedby_________.A.itselfB.thebloodcellsC.theCD4proteinD.thegeneticmaterialofT4lymphocytes62.TheAIDSvirusconnectstoclonedproteininsteadoftherealCD4proteinbecause_____.A.clonedproteinstaysontheT4cellsB.clonedproteinfloatsfreely,andmanymorecanbeputintothebloodC.itconnectstoclonedproteinmoreeffectivelyD.clonedproteinismadebygeneticengineeringmethods63.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Thenewtechniquehasbeentestedinlabs.B.Thenewtechniqueisbeingtestedinanimals.C.Thenewtechniquemaybetestedinhumans.D.Thenewtechniqueisnowunderclinictest.64.Thebesttitleforthispassageis_____________.A.AIDS---adeadlydiseaseB.AnewtechniqueinfightingAIDSC.ThespreadofAIDSvirusD.TheclonedCD4protein答案：60-64CDBDB111\n62.B细节理解题。根据尾段第二句“Itfloatsfreely,soalotmorecanbeputintothebloodtokeeptheAIDSvirusawayfromrealCD4proteinonT4cells.”可知，艾滋病毒和克隆蛋白而不和CD4蛋白结合的原因在于，更多的可自由移动克隆蛋白被带入血液，故正确答案是B。【2022届福建惠安高级中学第三次月考】DCanweturnnegativethoughtslike“Ineverdoanythingright”intopositiveoneslike“Icansucceed”?Istherepowerinpositivethinking?ResearchersinCanadajustpublishedastudyinthejournalPsychologicalSciencethatsaystryingtogetpeopletothinkmorepositivelycanactuallyhavetheoppositeeffect:itcansimplyemphasizehowunhappytheyare．Thestudy’sauthors,JoanneWoodandJohnLeeoftheUniversityofWaterlooandElainePerunovicoftheUniversityofNewBrunswick,beginbyreferringtoolderresearchshowingthatwhenpeoplegetfeedbackwhichtheybelieveisoverlypositive,theyactuallyfeelworse,notbetter．Ifyoutellyourfriendthathemaybean111\nEinstein,you’rejustunderlininghisfaults．Inone1990sexperiment,ateamincludingpsychologistJoelCooperofPrincetonaskedparticipantstowritepassagesopposingfundingforthedisabled．Whentheywerelaterpraisedfortheirsympathy,theyfeltevenworseaboutwhattheyhadwritten．Inthisexperiment,Wood,LeeandPerunovicmeasured68students’self-esteem（自尊）．Theparticipantswerethenaskedtowritedowntheirthoughtsandfeelingsforfourminutes．Every15seconds,onegroupofstudentsheardabell．Whenitrang,theyweresupposedtotellthemselves,“Iamlovable．”Thosewithlowself-esteemdidn’tfeelbetteraftertheexperiment．Infact,theirmoodsturnedsignificantlydarkerthanthoseofmembersofthecontrolgroup,whoweren’turgedtothinkpositivethoughts．Thepaperprovidessupportfornewerformsofpsychotherapy（心理治疗）thaturgepeopletoaccepttheirnegativethoughtsandfeelingsratherthanfightthem．Inthefighting,wenotonlyoftenfailbutcanmakethingsworse．Meditation（静思）techniques,onthecontrary,canteachpeopletoputtheirshortcomingsintoalarge,morerealisticperspective（视野）．Callitthepowerofnegativethinking．68.TheCanadianresearchersfindthat_____．A.encouragingpositivethinkingmaydomoreharmthangoodB.therecanbenosimplecureforpsychologicalproblemsC.unhappypeoplecannotthinkpositivelyD.thepowerofpositivethinkingislimited69.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“…you’rejustunderlininghisfaults”（Line4,Para3）?A.Youarenottakinghismistakesseriouslyenough．B.Youarepointingoutthemistakeshehasmade．C.Youareemphasizingthefactthatheisnotclever．D.Youaretryingtomakehimfeelbetterabouthisfaults．70.WhatdowelearnfromtheexperimentofWood,LeeandPerunovic?A.Itisimportantforpeopletocontinuallyimprovetheirself-esteem．B.Thinkingpositivelycanbringapositivechangetoone’smood．111\nC.Peoplewithlowself-esteemseldomwritedowntheirtruefeelings．D.Forcingapersontothinkpositivethoughtsmaylowertheirself-esteem．71.Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Theeffectsofpositivethinkingvaryfrompersontoperson．B.Meditationmayprovetobeagoodformofpsychotherapy．C.Differentpeopletendtohavedifferentwaysofthinking．D.Peoplecanavoidmakingmistakesthroughmeditation．究学者的发现，让人们更积极地思考实际上会产生相反的效果，只会起到强调人们多么不开实验者在被迫进行多次自我肯定。根据第五段“Thosewithlowself-esteemdidn’tfeelbetteraftertheexperiment．Infact,theirmoodsturnedsignificantlydarker…”可知，自卑的情况并没有得到改善，反而加重了，故正确答案为D项。2022名校模拟1、（福州市2022届高三年级第一次质量检查）   Whohasn’tfoundthemselves111\nreachingfortheclosestfoodavailablewhenthey’retiredandstressed?Moreandmoreresearchisprovingthatthisisn’tallinourmind．Somefoodsreallydoleadtoachangeinourmoods(心情)．   Carbohydrate(碳水化合物)forcalmThisishowsomepeoplemedicatethemselveswithfood—byreachingforcookiesorpasta(意大利面食)wheneverthey’reupset．Unfortunately，itdoesn’talwayswork．Youmusteatamealconsistingof100％carbohydrate，onanemptystomach，toobtaintheserotonin(血清素)increasesothatyouhaveagoodmood．   Togetthewished-Foreffect．youmustnoteatanythingforfourhoursandtheneatatleast30gramsofstraightcarbohydrate．Drycereal(谷类食品)，apieceofbreadwithjam，orapotatoshoulddothetrick．   Protein(蛋白质)forpower   Ofcourse．sometimeswedon’tneedtobecalmandsleepy．Sometimesweneedagreatdealofmentalconcentration，sothisiswhenit’simportanttomixproteinandcarbohydrate．Theproteinwillpreventthetryptophan(色氨酸)fromfloodingyourbrain，andtheriseinserotoninwon’toccur．   Whydessertmakesushappy   Fatandsugarcausethebraintoletgoendorphins(内啡肽)，whichsendpleasuresignalsthroughoutthebody．Thiswouldbefine，excepthumansarenotparticularlygoodatstoppingatonecookieorcake．   Youcanalsosatisfyyoursweettoothbychoosingfruitfordessert．   Timingyourmealsforenergy   Bloodsugardropsafterfourhoursofgoingwithoutfood，causingadecreaseinenergy．Eatingusuallyfixesthiswithin20to30minutes，butdon’tsupposethateatingmorewillcauseafasterincreaseinenergy.      Whenyoueathasasmuchofaneffectonyourmoodaswhatyoueat.Ifyouregularlygoforalongperiodoftimebetweenmeals，rethinkyourscheduleandplanahead.(1)Theunderlinedphraseinthethirdparagraphmeans_________.111\n2、（浙江省温州市2022年高三第一次适应性测试）   EverytimeBrisashoosforcookingoil，shechecksthelabeltomakesuresheisnotbuyinggenetically-modified(GM—转基因)soyoil."IamnotsurewhetherGMfoodissafeornot.Itjustsoundsscaring."saidBrisa，a47-year-oldfoodsafety-consciousConsumerwhoworksinahospitalasanaccountant."Iprefernon-GMsoyoil，althoughitismoreexpensivethanGMoil."   WhiletherehasbeennoevidencetoshowGMfoodisharmfultohumans,argumentaboutithasarisenaftertheMinistryofAgriculturegavepermissiontotwopest-resistant(抗病虫的)GMricevarietiesandacomvarietyinNovemberlastyear—amajorstepinpromotingtheresearchand plantingofGMcrops.   Officials，researchersandscientistsaredividedoverwhetherandwhenGMfoodshouldbeputintomarket.Supportersandopponents(反对者)havealsobeenfacingoffoverenvironmentalsafetyandeconomicsecurityissues.   Thegovernmenthasputfoodsecurityhighinitsnationaldevelopmentplans.Nationalgrainoutputreached531milliontonslastyear，governmentdatashowed.Butsummergrainoutputfellby0.3percentthisyearto123.1milliontonsbecauseofdroughtandlowtemperaturesingrain-producingregions.111\n   Withallincreasingpopulationandinurenaturaldisasters.policymakersareeyeingtechnologyasasolutionandhopingdisease-resistantandhigh-yield(高产的)cropsdevelopedbyGMItechnologywillhelpsolvethegrowingproblemoffoodshortages.   SupportersofGMfoodbelievethatsuchcropswillhelpincreaseoutputandreducethepressureonfoodsupplycausedbydecreasingfarmlandsandfrequentnaturaldisastersintheworld.GMcropshavealsofewerinsectsanddiseases，whichmeanstheyaresaferforhumanbeingsandtheenvironment，theyargue.   However，opponentssayanyGMfood，asacompletelynewproduct.shouldbeabsolutelysafebeforeitismadeavailabletothepublic.Theyarguethatifinsectsdon’teatGMcrops，howcanyouexpectpeopletoeatthem?   In2022,countriesthatgrew97％oftheglobalGMcropsweretheUnitedStates(53％)，Argentina(17％)，Brazil(11％)，Canada(6％)，India(4％)，China(3％)，Paraguay(2％)andSouthAfrica(1％).ThenextdecadewillseegreatprogressinGMproductdevelopment.TechnologiesforGMfoodsofferdramaticpromiseformeetingsomeofthe21stCentury’sgreatestchallenges.Likeallnewtechnologies.theyalsohavesomerisks,bothknownandunknown.DebatessurroundingGMfoodsandcropscommonlyfocuson humanandenvironmentalsafety，labelingandconsumerchoice，intellectualpropertyrights，foodsecurity，povertyreduction，andenvironmentalprotection.(1)TheargumentoverGMfoodsstartedwhen________. A.manyconsumerspreferredGMoil B.plantingGMcropswaspermitted C.GMfoodswereprovedharmful D.noonecouldsolvefoodproblem(2)Theunderlinedphrase"facingoff"means________. A.turningagainsteachother           B.supportingeachother C.1pokingdownoneachother       D.suspectingeachother(3)Itisimpliedinthepassagethat________. A.GMcropshavenodiseases B.foodshortageisabinthreat C.GMcropsreducetheoutput D.non-GMfoodsarenotsafe(4)Thewriterwishesusto________. A.acceptGMfoodshappily              B.rejectGMfoodsbravely C.participateinthedebate              D.knowabouttheargument【解题导语】转基因食品，是福还是祸?在本文中，作者向我们详细介绍了转基因作物和食物方面的知识，从而让读者自己去探索转基因的是与非。(1)B 事实细节题。从文章第二段中的“argumentaboutithasarisenaftertheMinistryofAgriculturegavepermission...”可知，当农业部允许转基因作物种植后，人们便开始了对转基因食品可能的危害性的争论，所以答案选B项。111\n(2)A词义理解题。从文章第三段内容可知官员、研究人员和科学家就转基因食物是否应该投入市场和什么时候投入市场这个问题产生分歧，同时支持者和反对者在环境安全和经济安全问题上也产生对峙，由此可知faceoff在文中表示“对峙，和……对抗”故选A项。(3)B逻辑推理题。从文章第五段内容可知随着人口的快速增长，自然灾害频繁发生，政策制定者希望转基因技术能生产出抗病的、高产的农作物以此来帮助解决食物短缺的问题。由此可推知食物短缺是个大问题，据此选B项。(4)D作者意图题。从全文可知，作者告诉读者一些人们对转基因作物和食物的争论，但他自己却没阐述自己的观点，由此可知答案选D项。3、（济南市2022届高三教学质量调研）   Parentsareoftenamazedathowfasttheirchildgrowsanddevelops.Newresearchhasdeterminedthattheabilitytoquantifydevelopmuchsoonerthanmostparentsrealize.   KristyvanMarle,professoroftheUniversityofMissouri, hasdeterminedthatcontrarytowhatpreviousstudieshaveshown,infants(婴儿)areabletoquantifysubstances(物质)—likesandorwater—asearlyas10months.Aslongasthedifferencebetweenthetwosubstancesislargeenough,infantswillchoosethelargeramount，especiallywhenitcomestofood.   Withtheassistanceofherteamresearchers, vanMarletestedthequantifyingskillsofbabiesbypresentingthemwithtwocups：onecontainingasmallamountoffood,andonecontainingalargeramount.Consistently,thebabieschosethelargeramount.   "Severalstudiesthroughoutthelast15yearshaveshownthatinfantsareverygoodattellinghowmanyobjectstheysee；however,infantsdon’tseemtocountthingslikewaterorsand."vanMarlesaid."Whatwe’resayingisthattheycanquantifysubstances；it’sjustmuchharder.Theinfantscanseehowmuchfoodgoesintoeachcupandcomparethatintheirmemories.Theydecidewhichamountislarger,andtheyalmostalwaysselectthelargerone."   "Thisinformationfurtherrefutes(驳斥)thelong-heldideathatbabiesknownothingoftheworld."vanMarlesaid.   "Sincepsychologistshavebegunstudyinginfantswithsensitivemeasures.we’vediscovereda1otofearlyabilities.Ithinkforparents,itshouldbeexcitingtoknowthatthere’ssomebodyintherethathassomefundamentalandbasicknowledgeoftheworld，andthatknowledgeisguidingtheirdevelopment."vanMarlesaid.   Inthefuture.vanMarlesaysthiskindofstudycouldbelinkedtoachild’sprogressinmath-relatedskills,althoughprogramsmarketedtoincreasethoseabilities.suchas"BabyEinstein"，stillhavemixedreviewswhenitcomestoacademicstudy.(1)Thequantifyingabilityreferstotheabilityto________________.A.choosebetweendifferentsubstancesB.getmuchknowledgeoftheworldC.identifythequantityofsomethingD.obtainmath-relatedskills(2)WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph4?A.Theprocessofdoingresearch.B.Thescientificfindings.111\nC.Thefinalchoiceofinfants.D.Theobservationofinfants’behavior.(3)Babieschoosethelargeramountoffood_____________.A.bysayingnumbersB.withthehelpofparentsC.OnpersonalpreferenceD.throughtheirnaturalabilities(4)Wecanlearnfromthetextthat_____________.A.someparentsdon’tcareabouttheirkidsB.peopleusedtothinktheworldisknowntobabiesC.littleresearchhasbeendoneoninfantsD.scholarshavedifferentopinionsonbaby-trainingprograms(5)What’sthebesttitleofthetext?A.BreakthroughinBabyStudiesB.AmazingBaby-trainingIdeasC.EarlyHumanAbilitiesD.UniqueQuantifyingMethods4、（2022年安徽省“江南十校”高三联考）   LookingbackonChina’sroadtoouterspace,peoplecaneasilyfindithasnotbeenverysmooth.Inthepastyears,Chinesepeoplehavemadehardanddeterminedeffortstorealizethedreamtheirancestorshadforthousandsofyears.   AfterChina’sfirstsatelliteintotheEarth’sorbitin1970camefourflightsofunmannedShenzhoumissionsfrom1999to2022.Thecountrycarriedoutitsfirstone-pilotedspaceflightin0ctober,2022,makingChinathethirdcountryintheworldtohaveindependenthumanspaceflightabilityaftertheSovietUnionandtheUnitedStates.ThencameanotherbreakthroughoilOctober12,2022,whenShenzhou6,China’s’secondhumanspaceflight,waslaunched,withacrewoftwoastronauts.What’smore,thelandmark(里程碑)spacewalkdonebyZhaiZhigang,oneofthethreeboardingShenzhou7,launchedonSept.25,2022,Leadsthecountryfurtherinitsspaceexploration.   Meanwhile,China’smoonexplorationproject,startedin2022,hasalsobeenprogressingsatisfactorily.FifryyearsaftertheSovietUnionlaunchedSputnik,111\ntheworld’sfirstmanmadesatellite,China’sfirstcircumlunar(绕月的)satelliteChang’eltookoffonOct.24,2022,whichbecameanothermilestoneinChina’sspaceachievementsafterthe.above-men-tionedmannedflights.Chang’elwasexpectedtofulfillfourscientificgoals,oneofwhichwastoprobe(探测)mineralelementsonthemoon,especiallythosenotexistentontheEarth.It’ssaidthatthe1unarregolith(月壤)isabundantinhelium-3,acleanfuelthatmaysupporttheEarth’senergydemandsformorethanacentury.Nearly3yearslater,Oct.1.2022witnessedtheblastingoffofChang’e2.China’s2ndunmannedlunarprobe,markinganotherstepforwardinmoonexploration.ThistimetheaimistotestthekeytechniquesofChang’e3andChang’e4,asapreparationforasoftlunarlandinginthefuture.   Withgreatexpectations,peopleallovertheworldarelookingforwardtoChina’sgreaterspaceachievements.(1)Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Chinasentitsfirstsatelliteintothemoon’sorbitin1970.B.ChinaisthethirdcountryinAsiatomakehumanspaceflight.C.Bynow,altogether5astronautshavemadesuccessfulspaceflightbyShenzhouspaceship.D.ThelaunchingofChang’elbecamethethirdmilestoneinChina’sspaceachievements.(2)Paragraph2mainlydealswithinformationaboutChina’s______________.A.landmarkspacewalk                   B.mannedShenzhoumissionsC.firstcircumlunarsatellite              D.unmannedShenzhoumissions111\n5、（2022年安徽省“江南十校”高三联考）   Ascientistturnsouttobeabletoseethefuturebyofferingeachofsomefour-year-oldsapieceofcandyandwatchinghowheorshedealswithit.Somechildrenreacheagerlyforthetreattheysee.Somelastafewminutesbeforetheygivein.Butothersaredeterminedtowaituntilthelastmoment.   Bythetimethechildrenreachhighschoo1,somethingremarkablehashappened.Asurveyfoundthatthosewhoasfour-year-oldshadenoughself-controltoholdoutgenerallygrewuptobemorepopular,adventurous,confidentanddependable.Thechildrenwhogaveintotemptation(诱惑)earlyweremorelikelytobelonely.easilyfrustratedandinflexible(顽固的).   Actually,theabilitytodelayrewardisasignofemotionalintelligencewhichdoesn’tshowuponanIQtest.   Thehardwareofthebrainandthesoftwareofthemindhavelongbeenscientists’concerns.Butbraintheorycan’texplainwhatwewonderaboutmost,likethequestionwhysomepeopleremainupbeatinthefaceoftroublesthatwouldsinkalessresistantsoul.   HerecomesthetheoryofDanielGoleman,writerofEmotionalIntelligence：whenitcomestopredictingpeople’sSuccess,brainabilitymeasuredbyIQmayactuallymatterlessthanthequalitiesofmindoncethoughtofas"character".   EQisnottheoppositeofIQ.Whatresearchershavebeentryingtounderstandishowtheyworktogether;howone’sabilitytohandlestress,forinstance,affectstheabilitytoconcentrateandputintelligencetouse.Amongtheingredients111\n(要素)forsuccess,researchersnowgenerallyagreethatIQcountsforabout20％;therestdependsoffeverythingfromsocialclasstoluck.   Whilemanyresearchersinthisrelativelynewfieldaregladtoseeemotionalissuesfinallytakenseriously,somefewfearEQinvitesmisuse.(1)Theexperimentwiththefour-year-oldsmakesitclearthat_____________.A.theageof4isapropertimeforscientificexperimentB.emotionalintelligencewon’tshowupuntiladolescenceC.theabilityofself-controlplaysaroleinpersonalsuccessD.candycanbeusedtomeasureaperson’semotionalintelligence(2)WhichofthefollowingistrueofEQandIQaccordingtothetext?A.Thehigheraperson’sEQis.thehigherhisorherIQis.B.Thehigheraperson’sIQis,thehigherhisorherEQis.C.Somepeoplecanbeblessedwithlotsofboth,butsomewithlittleofeither.D.ScientistshavealreadydiscoveredthewayinwhichEQandIQworktogether.(3)Theunderlinedword"upbeat"inParagraph4probablymeans______________.A.kind            B.floating       C.excited          D.optimistic(4)Whydoestheauthormentiontheexperimentatthebeginningofthetext?A.Toamuseboththechildrenandreaders.B.Toprovethescientist’swisdom.C.Tointroducethetopicofthetext.D.ToshowushowtodoanIQtest.(5)Whatismostlikelytobewrittenintheparagraphthatfollows?A.InformationaboutfamouspeoplewithhighEQ.B.ExamplesshowingtheoppositevoiceaboutEQ.C.SomereasonswhyEQisarelativelynewfield.D.Strongdemandsforbasicemotionaleducation.【解题导语】 这篇文章讲述了情商所起的重要作用、它与智商的关系以及人们应如何看待。(1)C推理判断题。从文章第二段的第二句可推出答案为C。(2)C正误判断题。从倒数第二段的第一句"EQisnottheoppositeofIQ."可知EQ和IQ并没有相对立的关系，由此可判断C项正确。(3)D猜测词义题。从画线词所在句后面的内容“困难可打倒意志不坚定的人”可猜测出"upbeat"是“乐观的”意思。(4)C写作意图题。文章从"makeanexperiment"入手，从而引出作者要谈及的话题EQ和IQ。(5)B文章结构题。从文章的最后部分"somefewfear.EQinvitesmisuse"可推出，下文最有可能谈及少数人对EQ持否定态度的例子。6、（福州市2022届高三年级第一次质量检查）  Lastweekend,20,000peoplegatheredinthestateofGeorgiatowatchstudentsfrom28countriescompetewithrobotstheybuilt.Morethantenthousandstudentsandmorethanfivehundredrobotstookpartinthecompetition.111\n   ThestudentsandtheirrobotscompetedattheFIRSTChampionshipattheGeorgiaDomeinAtlanta.FIRSTistheshortwayofsayingtheorganization’scompletename：ForInspirationandRecognitionofScienceandTechnology.   Almost1.700highschoolteamsenteredalevelofcompetitioncalledLUNACY.   InJanuary,theorganizationsentsuppliesforrobotstoeachteam.TheteamshadsixweekstobuildrobotsthatcouldcompeteintheLUNACYgame.Theplayingareahadsixrobots,threeoneachteam.Eachrobothadanothervehicle,ortrailer(拖车)，connectedtoit.Therobotshadtopickup1argeballsandthrowthemintothetrailersofopposingrobots.Therobotsweremovingonasurfacewheretheycouldslide.Analliance(联盟)ofteamsfromCalifornia，IllinoisandMichiganwontheLUNACYcompetition.   Asecondcompetitioninvolvedbuildingarobotthatcouldtravelonunevensurfaces,moveobjectswithunusualshapesandresistphysicalstress.   Anothercompetitionwasforyoungerstudents，agedfrom9to14.Theyhadtodesign.buildandprogramrobotstoexploretheEarth’sclimate.   AmericaninventorDeanKamenstartedFIRSTin1989.Theorganizationholdsrobotcompetitionsaroundtheworld.Itoffersprogramsthathelpyoungpeoplelearnmore"aboutscience，technology，engineeringandmathematics，whichbuildlifeskills.Manycompaniesprovidesupporttotheorganization.   MisterKamensaysthegoalisaboutmorethanbuildingrobots.Hesaysthestudentcompetitorsshowedtheycoulddealwithdifficulttechnologicalproblems.And.1lesaysthatisgoodnewsbecausetheworldneedscreativethinkerstohelpwithincreasinglycomplexproblemsinthefuture.(1)TheRobotCompetitionwasorganizedby_________．A．thestateofGeorgiaB．anorganizationnamedFIRSTC．AmericaninventorDeanKamenD．somecompaniesfromCalifornia(2)TherobotsintheLUNACYgameareableto_______．A．travelonunevensurfacesB．exploretheEarth’sclimateC．throwballsintothetrailersD．moveobjectswithdifferentshapes(3)ThemainpurposeofFIRSTisto_______．A．attractmorecompaniestosupportthemB．helpstudentsunder8tobeinterestedinscienceC．teachstudentshowtobuildrobotsonthespotD．helpyoungpeoplelearnscienceaswellaslifeskills111\n(4)Theunderlinedword"that"inthelastparagraphreferstoA．thegoalofbuildingrobotsB．thestudents’abilitytodealwithtechnologicalproblemsC．thegoalofthestudentcompetitorsD．somethingabouttechnologicalproblems7、（郑州市2022年高中毕业班第二次质量预测）   Whydomenliveashorterlifethanwomen?Thelatestresearchindicatesthatmen’sheartsgoingintoarapiddeclinewhentheyreachmiddleagecouldbethecause.Theresearchofageingonthehearthasshownthatwomen’slongevitymaybelinkedtothefactthattheirheartsdonotlosemuchpumpingpowerwithage.      “Wehavefoundthatthepowerofthemaleheartfallsby20percent-25percentbetween20and70yearsofage,”saidtheheadofthestudy,SamanthaofLiverpoolJohnMooresUniversityintheUK.      “Withinthehearttherearemillionsofcellswhichmakeitbeat.Betweentheagesof20and70,one-thirdofthosecellsdieandarenotreplacedinmen,”saidSamantha."Thisispartoftheageingprocess."   Whatamazesscientistsisthatthefemaleheartsuffersverylittlelossofthesecells.Ahealthy70-year-oldwoman’sheartcouldworkalmostasperfectlyasa20-year-oldone’s. “Thisgender(性别)differencemightgivethereasonwhymenliveshorterthanwomen.”saidSamantha.Theystudiedover250healthymenandwomenbetweentheagesof17and80,whoaremainlyhealthypersonssoastoreducetheinfluenceofdisease.“Theteamhasyettothinkaboutwhyageingsuffersagreaterlossonthemaleheart.”saidSamantha.   Butthereisalsogoodnews—mencanenjoythehealthoftheirheartswithregularexercise.Samanthastressedthatwomenshouldalsotakeregularexercisetostoptheirlegmusclesgettingweakerastheyage.(1)Theunderlinedword"longevity"inthesecondparagraphmeans"________________".A.health          B.longlife          C.ageing         D.effect(2)Thetextmainlytalksabout_____________________.A.men’sheartcells                          B.women’sageingprocess111\nC.thegenderdifference                      D.heartsandlonglife(3)Accordingtothetext,theUKscientistshaveknownthat________.A.menhavefewercellsthanwomenwhentheyarebornB.womencanproducethecellsthatmaketheheartbeatC.thefemaleheartsufferslesslossofthecellswithageD.womenwillneversufferthelossofpumpingpowerwithage(4)Ifyouwanttolivealonglife.youshould__________.A.enableyourhearttobeatmuchfasterB.thinkaboutthereasonforageingC.takeregularexerciseD.stopyourcellsfrombeinglost8、（南昌市2022年高三年级第一次模拟考试）   CHICAGO(Reuters)—Smokingnotonlycanwrinkle(起皱纹)thefaceandturnityellow—itcandothesametothewholebody.researchersreportedonMonday.Thestudy，publishedintheArchivesofDermatology,showsthatsmokingaffectstheskinalloverthebody—eventheskinprotectedfromthesun.   "Weexaminednon-facialskinthatwasprotectedfromthesun,andfoundthatthetotalnumberofpacksofcigarettessmokedperdayandthetotalyearsapersonhassmokedwerelinkedwiththeamountofskindamageapersonexperienced."Dr.YolandaHelfrichoftheUniversityofMichigan,wholedthestudy,saidinastatement.   "Inparticipantsolderthan65years,smokershadsignificantlymorefinewrinklingthannonsmokers.Similarfindingswereseeninparticipantsagedfrom45to65years,"Helfrich’steamaddedintheirreport.   Theresearcherstested82people,smokersandnonsmokers,takingpicturesoftheinnerfightalms.Theyrangedinagefrom22to9landhalfweresmokers.Independentjudgesdecidedhowwrinkledeachperson’sskinwas.   Whenskinisexposedtosunlight,notablytheface,itbecomescoarse.wrinkledanddiscoloredwithapaleyellowtint.Helfrich’steamwrote.111\n   Severalpreviousstudieshavefoundthatcigarettesmokingcontributestopremature(过早的)skinagingasmeasuredbyfacialwrinkles,thestudysaid,butlittlehasbeendonetomeasuretheagingofskinnotexposedtolight.   Thereportdidnotdiscussthemechanisminvolvedbutpreviousresearchhasfoundthatcigarettesmoke,amongotherthings,causesbloodvessels(血管)beneaththeskintoconstrict(紧缩),reducingbloodsupplytotheskin.   Smokingcanalsodamagetheconnectivetissuethatsupportsboththeskinandtheinternalorgans.(1)Whenyourskinisexposedtosunlightlong,itbecomesallofthefollowingbut______.A.flexible         B.coarse           C.wrinkled          D.discolored(2)Howwrinkledaperson’sskinisdoesn’trelateto______.A.thenumberofcigarettesapersonsmokesB.thekindandcharacteristicsofskinC.howlongapersonsmokesD.howlongskinisundersunlight(3).Fromthepassagesmokingresultsinskinagingmainlybecause______________.A.itwilllowerbloodsupplytoskinB.itcanmakeyoufeeltiredC.itcanmakeskincomeoffD.itcanmakebloodrunfaster(4)Themainpurposeofthepassageisto__________________.A.informpeopleabouttheresultofthestudyB.advisepeoplehowtoprotectskinC.warnpeoplenottosmokeagainD.introduceanewwayofavoidingskinaging9、（南京市2022届高三第一次模拟考试）   Environmentalistssaidourplanetwasdoomedtodie.Nowonemansaystheyarewrong.   "Everyoneknowstheplanetisinbadshape,"thunderedamagazinearticlelastyear.Species（物种）arebeingdriventodieoutatrecordrates,andtheriversaresopoisonousthatfisharefloatingonthesurface,dead.111\n   Butthere'sagrowingbeliefthatwhateveryonetakesforgrantediswrong:thingsareactuallygettingbetter.Anewbookisabouttooverturnourmostbasicassumptionsabouttheworld'senvironment.Rivers,seas,rainandtheatmosphereareallgettingcleaner.Thetotalamountofforestsintheworldisnotdeclining.TheSkepticalEnvironmentalistbyBjornLomborg,professorofstatisticsattheUniversityofAarhusinDenmark,isanattackonthemisleadingclaimsofenvironmentalgroups,andthe"badnews"culturethatmakespeoplebelieveeverythingisgettingworse.   Nowtheattacksareincreasinglycoiningfromleft-wingenvironmentalistssuchasLomborg,aformermemberofGreenpeace.Theaccusationisthat,althoughtheenvironmentisimproving,greengroups—withprofitsofhundredsofmil-lionsofpoundsayear—areusingscaretactics(谋略)togaindonations.Lomborg'sbookdoesn'tdenyglobalwarming—probablythebiggestenvironmentalthreat—butdestroysalmosteveryotherenvironmentalclaimwithmanyofficialstatistics.   TheWorldwatchInstituteclaimsthat"deforestationhasbeenacceleratingoverthelast30years".ButLomborgsaysthatissimplyrubbish.Sincethedawnofagriculturetheworldhaslostabout20percentofitsforestcover,butinrecentdecadestheforestarea'sdepletinghascometoastop.AccordingtoUNfigures,theareaofforestshasremainedalmoststeady,atabout30percentoftotallandarea,sincethe1940s.ForestsincountriessuchastheUS,theUKandCanadahaveactuallybeenexpandingoverthepast40years.DespiteallthewarningstheAmazonrainforesthasonlyshrunk（缩小）byabout15percent.   Norareallourspeciesdyingout.Somecampaignersclaimthat50percentofallspecieswillhavediedoutwithin50years.Butotherstudiesshowonly0.08percentofspeciesaredyingouteachyear.Conservationeffortshavebeensuccessful.Whalesarenolongerthreatenedandthebaldeagleisofftheendangeredlist.   Environmentalgroupsclaimthatmanyoftheimprovementsaretheresultsofthesuccessoftheircampaigns.StephenTindale,directorofGreenpeaceUK,said,"Thereareimportantexamples,suchasacidrainandozone,wherethingsaren'tasbadaspredicted,andthat'sbecausebehaviorhaschanged."(1)Inhisbook,TheSkepticalEnvironmentalist,whatisLomborg'smainargument?A．Ourplanetisinbadshape.B．Theworld'senvironmentisimproving.C．Thetotalamountofforestsintheworldisnotdeclining.D．Conservationeffortshavebeensuccessful.(2)WhatisLomborg'smainaccusationofenvironmentalists?A．Theyscaredpeopleintomakingdonations.B．Theyoverturnedourbasicassumptionsabouttheworld'senvironment.C．Theychangedtheirbehaviortowardtheenvironment.D．Theyonlytoldpeoplebadnewsabouttheenvironment.(3)Theunderlinedword"depleting"inParagraph5isclosestinmeaningto"____".A．reducing               B．limitingC．expanding             D．accelerating111\n(4)Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A．Thetotalareaofforestsintheworldhasincreasedsignificantly.B．Theeffectsofglobalwarmingarenotasbadasfirstexpected.C．Itappearsthatthebaldeaglewillnowsurvive.D．Inthelast50yearsthenumberofwhaleshasincreased.【解题导语】 “环境一直在变坏，我们的星球末日将要来临”，这是环保主义者们发出的警告，然而Lomborg的新书却提出了完全相反的观点，他批驳了环保主义者们耸人听闻的言论。(1)B 本题考查细节理解。根据文章第一段与第三段可知Lomborg在TheSkepticalEnvironmentalist中的观点(argument)是环境状况正在改善，因此选项B正确，C项只是他观点的一部分，不全面，故排除。10、（山东省烟台市2022届高三调研测试）   Ifcarshadwings,theycouldflyandthatjustmighthappen,beginningin2022．ThecompanyTerrafugia,basedinWoburn,Massachusetts,saysitplanstodeliveritscar-plane,theTransition,tocustomersbytheendof2022.   "It'sthenext'wow'vehicle,"saidTerrafugiavicepresidentRichardGersh."AnybodycanbuyaFerrari,butaswesay,Ferrarisdon'tfly."   Thecar-planehaswingsthatunfoldforflying—aprocessthecompanysaystakesoneminute—andfoldbackupfordriving.Arunwayisstillrequiredtotakeoffandland.   TheTransitionisbeingmarketedmoreasaplanethatdrivesthanacarthatflies,althoughitisboth.ThecompanyhasbeenworkingwithFAAtomeetaircraftregulations,andwiththeNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministrationtomeetvehiclesafetyregulations.   ThecompanyisaimingtoselltheTransitiontoprivatepilotsasamoreconvenientandcheaperwaytofly.Theysayitsavesyouthetroublefromtryingtofindanothermodeoftransportationtogettoandfromairports:Youdrivethecartotheairportandthenyou'regoodtogo.Whenyouland,youfoldupthewings111\nandhittheroad.Therearenoexpensiveparkingfeesbecauseyoudon'thavetostoreitatanairport—youparkitinthegarageathome.   Thecar-planeisdesignedtoflyprimarilyunder10,000feet.Ithasamaximumtakeoffweightof1,430pounds,includingfuelandpassengers.TerrafugiasaystheTransitionreducesthepotentialforanaccidentbyallowingpilotstodriveunderthebadweatherinsteadofflyingintomarginal（临界的）conditions.   TheTransition'spricetag:194,000.Buttheremaybeadditionalchargesforoptionslikearadio,atransponderoraGPS.Another,optionisafull-planeparachute.   "Ifyougetintoaveryawfulsituation,itisthenecessarysafetyoption,"Gershsaid.   Sofar,thecompanyhasmorethan70orderswithdeposits."We'reworkingverycloselywiththem,buttherearestillsomeremainingsteps,"Brownsaid.(1)Wecanlearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat____.A．car-planeswillbepopularin2022B．peoplemightdriveacar-planein2022C．boththeTransitionandFerraricantakeoffandlandD．RichardGershisthevicepresidentofMassachusetts(2)Ittakesthecar-planeoneminuteto____.A．foldandunfolditswingsB．unfoldwingsforflyingC．landintheairportD．meetflyingsafetyregulations(3)Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．Thecar-planeneedsarunwaytotakeoffandland.B．Tomeetaircraftregulations,thecompanyhasbeenworkingwithFAA.C．Thecar-planemayflyashighasnormalplanes.D．Peoplecanparkthecar-planeinthegarageattheirhome.(4)Theunderlinedword"it"inthelastbutoneparagraphrefersto____.A．theradio            B．thetransponderC．theGPS             D．thefull-planeparachute(5)What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．CarswithwingsmaybejustaroundthecornerB．Whichtochoose:aFerrarioracar-plane?C．AmoreconvenientandcheaperwaytoflyD．Carswithwingscanflyasfastasplanes111\n【一年原创】原创试题及其解析【原创】Weatherchangeswhenthetemperatureandtheamountofwaterintheatmospherechange.Wecanseeandfeelwatercomingfromtheatmospherewhenwehaverain.Butthewatermustsomehowgetbacktotheatmosphere.Meteorologistscallthisthewatercycle.Therearemanystagesinthewatercycle.Rainfallswhenwatervapourincloudscondenses(冷却成液体).Dropsofwaterformandfalltotheground.Thewatersoaksintothegroundandfeedsstreamsandrivers.Alotofrainfallsintothesea.Theheatofthesunevaporatessomeofthewaterinthegroundandintherivers,lakesandthesea.Itchangestheliquidwaterintowatervapour.Thevapourrisesontotheair.Watervapourisnormallyinvisible.Onaverydamporhumidday,however,youcansometimesseewatervapourrisingfromapuddleorpondinamistabovethewater.Watervapouralsogetsintotheairfromlivingthings.Treesandotherplantstakeinwaterthroughtheirrootsandgiveoffwatervapourfromtheirleaves.Peopleandlandanimalsdrinkwaterandbreatheoutwatervapour.Inallthesewaysthewaterreturnstotheair.Thereitgatherstoformcloudsandcondensestoformrain.Therainfallstoearth,andthecyclestartsagain.Itcontainsevenifsnoworhailfallinsteadbecausebotheventuallymeltandformwater.Theamountofwatervapourismoreintheairtropicsthaninthecoldpolarregions.【文章大意】本文是一篇科技说明文。文章讲述了自然界水循环的原理和过程。111\n()48.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Watercycle.B.Watervapour.C.Howrainforms.D.Water,vapour,rain.【答案】A【解析】根据第一段的中心句“Meteorologistscallthisthewatercycle”可知：文章讲述的是有关“水循环的问题”。故选A。【考点定位】考查文章的主旨、要义()49.Howmanywaysofthewaterreturningtotheairarediscussedinthetext?A.ThreeB.FourC.FiveD.Six【答案】B【解析】根据文章中的1.Theheatofthesunevaporatessomeofthewaterintheground.2.Theheatofthesunevaporatessomeofthewatertherivers,lakesandthesea.3.Treesandotherplantstakeinwaterthroughtheirrootsandgiveoffwatervapourfromtheirleaves.4.Peopleandlandanimalsdrinkwaterandbreatheoutwatervapour.可知为4种。故选B。【考点定位】考查细节理解()50.Whetherwatervapourcanbeseenornotdependson_____.A.howmuchwaterisevaporatedB.howgoodyoureyesareC.inwhichwaywaterisevaporatedD.climateorweather()51.Fromthepassage,wegettoknow_____.A.thereismorewatervapourintheairtropicsthanincoldpolarregionsB.thereismorewatervapourintheairincoldpolarregionthaninthetropics111\nC.itgetsmoreraininthetropicsthanincoldpolarregionsbecausethereislessvaporD.theamountofwatervapourintheairdependsonhowoftenitrainsMalaria,theworld'smostwidespreadparasitic(寄生虫引起的)disease,killsasmanyasthreemillionpeopleeveryyear----almostallofwhomareunderfive,verypoor,andAfrican.Inmostyears,morethanfivehundredmillioncasesofillnessresultfromthedisease,althoughexactnumbersaredifficulttoassessbecausemanypeopledon't(orcan't)seekcare.Itisnotunusualforafamilyearninglessthantwohundreddollarsayeartospendaquarterofitsincomeonmalariatreatment,andwhattheyoftengetnolongerworks.IncountrieslikeTanzania,Mozambique,andtheGambia,nofamily,village,hospital,orworkplacecanremainunaffectedforlong.        Malariastartssuddenly,withviolentchills,whicharesoonfollowedbyanintensefeverand,often,headaches.Astheparasitesmultiply,theytakeovertheentirebody.Malariaparasiteslivebyeatingtheredbloodcellstheyinfect(感染).Theycanalsoattachthemselvestobloodvesselsinthebrain.Ifitdoesn'tkillyou,malariacanhappenagainandagainforyears.Thediseaseispassedontohumansbyfemalemosquitoesinfectedwithoneoffourspeciesofaparasite.Together,themosquitoandtheparasitearethemostdeadlycoupleinthehistoryoftheearthandoneofthemostsuccessful.Malariahasfivethousandgenes,anditsabilitytochangerapidlytodefenditselfandresistnewdrugshasmadeitnearlyimpossibletocontrol.Studiesshowthatmosquitoesarepassingonthevirusmorefrequently,andtherearemoreoutbreaksincitieswithlargepopulations.Someofthedisease'sspreadisduetoglobalwarming.Fordecades,thefirst-choicetreatmentformalariaparasitesinAfricahasbeenchloroquine,achemicalwhichisverycheapandeasytomake.Unfortunately,inmostpartsoftheworld,malariaparasiteshavebecomeresistanttoit.Successfulalternativesthathelppreventresistancearealreadyavailable,buttheyhavebeeninshortsupplyandareveryexpensive.Ifthesedrugsshouldfail,nobodyknowswhatwouldcomenext. 1.AccordingtoparagraphI,manypeopledon'tseekcarebecause      .  A.theyaretoopoor  B.itisunusualtoseekcare  C.theycanremainunaffectedforlong111\n  D.therearetoomanypeoplesufferingfromthedisease2.Peoplesufferingfrommalaria      .  A.havetokillfemalemosquitoes  B.haveabilitytodefendparasites  C.havetheirredbloodcellsinfected  D.havesuddenfever,followedbychills3.Whichofthefollowingmaybethereasonforthewidespreadofthedisease?  A.Itsresistancetoglobalwarming.  B.Itsabilitytopassonthevirusfrequently.  C.Itsoutbreaksincitieswithlargepopulations.  D.Itsabilitytodefenditselfandresistnewdrugs.4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat      . A.nodrugshavebeenfoundtotreatthedisease  B.thealternativetreatmentisnoteasilyavailabletomostpeople  C.malariahasdevelopeditsabilitytoresistparasites  D.nobodyknowswhatwillbethedrugtotreatthedisease5.WhichofthefollowingquestionshasNOTbeendiscussedinthepassage?  A.Howcanweknowoneissufferingfrommalaria?  B.Howmanypeoplearekilledbymalariaeachyear?  C.Whyaretheresomanypeoplesufferingfrommalaria?  D.Whathasbeendonetokeeppeopleunaffectedforlong? [导读]这是一篇介绍医学科普常识的说明文。本文主要介绍疟疾病的起因、传播、危害与治疗。疟疾（Malaria）是世界上传播最广泛的寄生虫引起的病，每年都要使三百万人致命——几乎全是5岁以下的孩子，并且是贫穷的非洲人。疟疾病本身有很多基因，对于各种新药物具有抵抗性，所以目前还没有找到根治疟疾病的最佳治疗方法和药物。1.A。细节事实理解题。见第1段第2-3句：...becausemanypeopledon't(orcan't)seekcare.Itisnotunusualforafamilyearninglessthantwohundreddollarsayeartospendaquarterofitsincomeonmalariatreatment,andwhattheyoftengetnolongerworks.(多年来，有5亿多病例由这种病引起的，虽然确切的数字难以估计，)因为许多人不去寻求（或不可能）医疗护理。这种情况对于一个年收入不到200美元的家庭并非不同寻常，因为要治疗疟疾病，就花去年收入的四分之一，并且他们时常所得到的不再有效。111\n5.D。细节事实理解题。A项见第2段第1句：Malariastartssuddenly,withviolentchills,whicharesoonfollowedbyanintensefeverand,often,headaches；B项见第1段第1句：...killsasmanyasthreemillionpeopleeveryyearalmostallofwhomareunderfive,verypoor,andAfrican.；C项见第2段第3句：Malariahasfivethousandgenes,anditsabilitytochangerapidlytodefenditselfandresistnewdrugshasmadeitnearlyimpossibletocontrol.；又见第1段第2句：...becausemanypeopledon't(orcan't)seekcare.；D项没有提到。Clayisfoundalmosteverywhereintheworld．Itisformedbytheactionofwindandwateronrocksoverthousandsofyears．Clayisimportantbecauseitisusedaroundtheworldtomakecontainersofallkinds．Potters(陶工)addwatertosoftentheclay，makingiteasiertoformintoshapesbyhandorbyma-Clayisfoundalmosteverywhereintheworld.Itisformedbytheactionofwindandwateronrocksoverthousandsofyears.Therockschangeinbothchemicalandphysicalways.Chemically,elementslikepotassiumandaluminumareaddedandtakenaway.Physically,therocksbreakdownintosmallerandsmallerpieces.Afteralongtime,someoftherockchangestoclay.Clayisimportantbecauseitisusedaroundtheworldtomakecontainersofallkinds.Pottersaddwatertosoftentheclay.Thismakesiteasiertoformintoshapesbyhandorbymachine.Thenitisfiredinanextremelyhotstove.Theresultisacontainerwithahardsurfacethatwilllastformanyyears.Inmanycountries,claywasformedfromvolcanoes.Thiskindofclayusuallycontainsmanyminerals.Sothefirestomakecontainersfromvolcanicclaymustbehotterthanthoseusedfornon-volcanicclay.ThefiresmaybeashotasonethousandfourhundreddegreesCelsius.Itisalsoimportanttodrytheclaycontainersslowly.Thismeansthatthehighesttemperatureshouldnotbereachedtoofast.Youcanaddmaterialstoclaytogaindesiredresults.Forexample,youcanaddsandtopreventtinybreaksorlinesfromforminginthefinishedproduct.Butyoushouldnotusesandfromthecoastsofoceans.Instead,youshouldusesandfromriversorfromotherareasoflandthatarenotnearthesea.111\nYoucanusuallyfindgoodclayinlowareasofislandsorland,especiallyifvolcanoeshelpedformtheland.Clayoftenexistsinfieldscoveredwithsomewater.Theclaywillbefoundaboutonemeterbelowtheground.Riverbanksoftenalsohaveclayaboutonemeterorlessunderthesurface.Youcanrecognizeclaybecauseitisveryshinywhenitiswet.Youcanalsoperformatest.Takesomeofthematerialandaddenoughwatertoittomakeitseemlikeyouaremakingbread.Thenpressitinyourhanduntilitisaboutthesizeofanegg.Itisprobablyclayifitholdstogetherinsteadoffallingapartwhenyoustoppressing.1Whyisclayimportantworldwide?A．Itcontainsanimportantelement．B．Itismadeintovariouscontainers．C．Itcanbeofanyshapeandcolor．D．Itcanbeusedformanyyears．2VolcanicclayrequireshighertemperaturebecauseA．itiscollectedfromsoilB．itusuallycontainsmoresandCitusuallycontainsmanymineralsD．itisusedtomakelargercontainers3．Whatistherightorderofmakingacontainer?a.softentheclaywithwaterb．heatitinaveryhotstoveslowyc．collectfineclaydeepundertheearthd．maketheclayintoacertainshapeA．a，b，c，dB．d，c，b，aC．b，a，d，cD．c，a．d，b4．Whycanweaddothermaterialstoclay?A．Togainsomedesiredresults．B．toproducelinesinthecontainer．C．Tomakeitlastlonger．D．Tomakeitstronger．5．Whatdoestheauthortellusinthelastparagraph?A．Tipsforustopassatest．B．Theprocesstomakebread．C．Properwaystorecognizeclay．D．Wherewecanfindgoodclay．【语篇定位】本文为科普说明文，介绍了有关黏土的情况．包括黏土的作用、产生环境、判断方法等。Imaginethatyouhavetowalkthroughadeadly，burningraineveryday．Youronlyprotectionisanumbrella，oneperfectlydesignedtokeepofftheraindrops．Canyoujustpicturehowpreciousthatumbrellawouldbetoyou?Canyouimaginethesheer111\nstupidityofdamagingtheumbrella，perhapsevencuttingholesinit?Yet，mankindisinasimilarsituationonaglobalscale．Ourplanetisbathedinasteadyrainofthesun’Srays．Whilemostoftheseraysarebenefi-cial，bringingheatandlighttoourworld，asmallpercentagearequitedeadly．Theyarecalledultraviolet-B，orUV-Brays，andifallweretoreachEarth’Ssurface，theywouldkilleverythinglivingthere．Happily，ourplanetwasdesignedwithan“umbrella”shieldingUSfromtheserays，anumbrellacalledtheozonelayer．Unhappily，mankindisdestroyingthatumbrella．Ozoneoccursnaturallyinthestratosphere(平流层)，absorbingthedangerousUV-Brayswhileallowingtheneededandsafelighttopassthrough．Furthermore，whileozoneiseasilybro-kendownbyothergasesinthestratosphereitisconstantlybeingcreatedbythesun’srays．Soitisaself~repairingshield．Quiteadesign!Theproblemsarisewhenmanstartstoinjecthisownindustrialgasesintothisdelicatesys-tem．Thenozoneisdestryedfasterthanthesun’srayscanproduceitIn1974scientistsbegantosuspectthatCFCs(含氯氟烃)areozone-destroyinggases．Yet，theseCFCsareeverywhere．TheyareusedtomakeaIIkindsoffoamed(泡沫)plasticproducts．Theyareusedascoolantsinairconditionersandrefrigerators，andassolvents(溶剂)tocleanelectronicequipmentRecalledonescientistwhoreportedthedanger．”TherewasnomomentwhenIyelled“Eureka!(我发现了!)”Ijustcamehomeonenightandtoldmywife，‘Theworkisgoingverywell，butitlooksliketheendoftheworld．’”1．Whatismainlydiscussedinthepassage?A．Howtoprotecttheozonelayer．BWhattheozonelayerdoestousC．Whatdamageisdonetotheozonelayer．DHowtheozonelayerworks2．Inthefirstparagraph，theauthorintendsto．A．makeaemnparisonbetweentwosimilarthingsB．directreaderstothetopicofthepassageC．askreaderstothinkaboutacommonlyoverlookedquestionD．pointoutthestupidityofmankind3．Whichofthefollowingisconsideredtodestroytheozonelayer?A．Ultraviolet-B．BThestratosphereC．CFCs．D．Foamedplasticproducts．4．Whentheauthorsays”Quiteadesign!”，hereallymeans．A．theozonelayerisv。rywelldesignedB．theozonelayercoilshieldusfromharmfulraysC．theozonelayerliesinthestratosphereD．theozonelayercanrepairitself5．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefeelingofthescientistmentionedinthelastparagraph?A．Worried．B．Contradicted．C．Excited．DFrightened．【语篇定位】本文是一篇科技说明文，介绍了臭氧层的重要性以及其遭受的破坏。【答案与解析】111\n1．C主旨大意题。文章虽然介绍了臭氧层的形成及其保护地球的重要作用，但主要还是介绍其遭受的破坏，文章的重心在后半部分。2．B推理判断题。作者在第一段通过雨伞的例子形象地说明了臭氧层的重要作用，然后说人类正在破坏臭氧层，而这正是文章的中心，因此其目的是导人文章的话题。3．C细节理解题。从文章倒数第二段中的In1974scientistsbegantosuspectthatCFCs(含氯氟烃)areozone-destroyinggases．可得到答案。4．D细节理解题。从文章第三段可知，作者是在介绍了臭氧层的自我修复能力以后，发出了“赞叹”，因此D项正确。5．A推理判断题。科技发明带来的后果是环境破坏，甚至是整个世界的毁灭，因此科学家很是”担忧”。【考点预测】2022高考预测预测一高考阅读理解所选材料通常都是国外网站上的地道的英语文章，然后经过命题专家整合、改编而成。文章主要介绍国内外的文化风俗、历史名胜、人文地理、著名人物等。预测二文章的篇幅较短，词数多为280～330，兼顾多种体裁，通常有记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等，要求考生充分利用所给信息，回答文章提出的问题。通常文章难度不大，关键是考查考生高效处理信息的能力，还要求考生对文章有更深层次的理解。但是题目并不容易，很容易出错。全国卷的命题逐渐向地方自主命题卷，尤其是新课标地区的试卷看齐，不断增加词汇量和文章长度，向新课标过渡。预测三题目设置灵活多样，通常以细节理解题为主，推理判断题为辅，兼顾猜测词义、句意题及目的意图题和主旨大意题。这种命题特点要求考生更好地了解文章中的有用信息，提高阅读速度。【母题特供】每个专题最典型试题Theterm“multitasking”originallyreferredtoacomputer’sabilitytocarryoutseveraltasksatonetime.Formanypeople,multitaskinghasbecomeawayoflifeandevenakeytosuccess.Infact,someexcellentmentalaerobicexercises(大脑训练)involveengagingthebrainintwoormorechallengingactivitiesatatime.Althoughcheckinge-mailwhiletalkingonaphoneandreadingthenewspapermaybesecondnatureforsomepeople,manytimesmultitaskingcanmakeuslessproductive,ratherthanmore.Andstudiesshowthattoomuchmultitaskingcanleadtoincreasedstress,anxietyandmemoryloss.Inordertomultitask,thebrainusesanareaknownastheprefrontalcortex(前额叶脑皮层).Brianscansofvolunteersperformingmultipletaskstogethershowthatastheyshiftfromtasktotask,thisfrontpartofthebrainactuallytakesamomentofrestbetweentasks.Youmayhaveexperiencedaprefrontalcortex“momentofrest”yourselfifyou’veeverdialed(拨电话)aphonenumberandsuddenlyforgottenwhoyoudialedwhenthelineisanswered.Whatprobablyoccurredisthatbetweenthedialingandtheanswering,yourmindshiftedtoantherthoughtortask,andthentookthat“moment”tocomeback.Researchhasalsoshownthatformanyvolunteers,jobefficiency(效率)declineswhilemultitasking,ascomparedtowhentheyperformonlyonetaskatatime.Multitaskingiseasiestwhenatleastoneofthetasksishabitual,orrequireslittlethought.Mostpeopledon’tfinditdifficulttoeatandread111\nthenewspaperatthesametime.However,whentwoormoreattention-requiringtasksareattemptedatonetime,peoplesometimesmakemistakes.Weoftendon’trememberthingsaswellwhenwe’retryingtomanageseveraldetailsatthesametime.Withoutmentalfocus,wemaynotpayenoughattentiontonewinformationcomingin,soitnevermakesitintoourmemorystores.Thatisoneofthemainreasonsweforgetpeople’snames---evensometimesrightaftertheyhaveintroducedthemselves.Multitaskingcanalsoaffectourrelationships.Ifsomeonecheckstheire-mailwhileonthephonewithafriend,theymaycomeoffasabsent-mindedordisinterested.Itcanalsocausethatpersontomissoroverlookkeyinformationbeingpassedontothem.49.Whyaresomementalaerobicexercisesdesignedtoengagepeopleinmultitasking?A.Tomakethemmoreproductive.B.Toreducetheirstressandanxiety.C.Todeveloptheircommunicationskills.D.Tohelpthemperformdailytasksmoreeasily.50.AccordingtoParagraph2,whymayapersonsuddenlyforgetwhohascalled?A.Hemayleavehisprefrontalcortextemporarilydamaged.B.Heisprobablyinterruptedbyanothertask.C.Heisprobablynotveryfamiliarwiththepersonhehascalled.D.Hemayneedarestbetweendialingandspeaking.51.Peopletendtomakemistakewhen____.A.theyperformseveralchallengingtasksatatime.B.newmessagesareprocessedoneafteranotherC.theirrelationshipswithothersareaffectedD.thetasksrequirelittlethought52.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Multitaskinghasbecomeawayoflife.B.Multitaskingoftenleadstoefficiencydecline.C.Multitaskingexercisesneedtobeimproved.D.Multitaskingenablespeopletorememberthingsbetter.即”一心多用”导致工作效率低下的原因，由此推断B项是最佳选项。Insomechildrenwhogoblind,certainpartsofthebrainthatnormallycontrol111\nvisionappeartoswitchjobsandfocusinsteadonsound,anewstudyhasfound.Thestudy,byresearchersattheUniversityofMontreal,involved7adultswhocouldseeand12adultswhohadlosttheirvisionwhentheywerechildren.Eachparticipantsatinaroomwith16loudspeakersatdifferentlocations.Theroomwasdesignedsothattherewerenoechoes.Duringtheexperiment,thespeakersirregularlyproducedsounds.Participantshadtopointtowherethesoundswerecomingfrom.Meanwhile,theresearchersmonitoredbloodflowinthebrainsoftheparticipantstoseewhichbrainstructureswereworkingduringthetask.Theresultsshowedthatfiveoftheblindparticipantswereverygoodatpointingtowheresoundswerecomingfrom.Inthesepeople,bloodflowincreasedinthevisualcortex—anareaatthebackoftherightsideofthebrain.Thispartofthebrainisusuallyassociatedwithvision.Theothersevenblindparticipantsshowednoincreaseinactivityinthevisualcortex.Thesepeopledidn’tdoverywellatpickingoutwheresoundswerecomingfrom.Now,theresearchersarelookingatwhetherthesepeoplehavegainedanenhancedsenseoftouchinsteadofsoundtoreplacetheirlostvision.Thescientistssaythattheirstudyshowshowadaptablepartsofthebraincanbe.72.Thepurposeoftheexperimentdescribedinthepassageistofindwhether__________.A.blindchildrencanregaintheirsightB.blindpeoplehaveabettersenseofsoundC.thesenseoftouchisbetteramongblindpeopleD.bloodflowinthebrainsofblindpeopleisslower73.Theparticipantsoftheexperimentwereasked__________.A.totellthedifferencebetween16soundsB.totakedownthetimeeachsoundlastedC.toidentifythedirectionthesoundcamefromD.todetectthenumberoftheloudspeakers.74.Duringtheexperiment,bloodflowinthebrainsoftheparticipantswasmeasuredinorderto__________.A.learnaboutthewaytheyreacttoechoesB.lookforthewayofenhancinghearingabilityC.findwhichpartsofthebrainwerefunctioningD.exposetherelationshipbetweenseeingandtouching75.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?A.Mostblindpeoplehaveawell-developedsenseoftouch.B.Peoplegoblindbecauseofthebreakdownoftheirvisualcortex.C.Mostblindpeoplehaveabettersenseofsoundthannormalpeople.D.Humanbrainscanadjustthemselvesafterthelossofacertainfunction.答案解析72.【答案】B【解析】这是一道细节推断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Now,theresearchersarelookingat111\n111