2022版高考英语 3-2-1精品系列 专题28新题型 任务型阅读

3年高考2年模拟1年原创专题28新题型——任务型阅读（教师版）【考点定位】2022考纲解读和近几年考点分布任务型阅读是江苏省在2022年开始采用的一种新的阅读理解考查形式。而安徽2022年高考英语命题最大的变化就是取消了短文改错，增加任务型阅读，词汇要求提高至3000个左右。【考点pk】名师考点透析由于任务型阅读是“新生事物”，学生普遍感觉很难。首先要了解表格的设置，据考试说明中的范例，表格一般是文章的整体行文结构，包括标题、段落大意、文章细节、结论等部分。其次要领悟空缺的类型，如：1．筛选类：通过定位题目在文章中的位置即可找到答案，一般为原词。2．整合类：要对文章的原句进行加工，根据句型结构变化和语法要求提炼出新词，如：Therearemainlytwotypesofsources．→Therearetwotypesofsources．(main)Thepersonpresentingtheprogramisverypassionate．→Theisverypassionate．(presenter)3．概括类：根据说明，要能概括出文章的标题、段落大意、文章的目的、结论等，要求较高。同学们在填空时务必要仔细，注意单词大小写、单复数、词性等。71\n1）掌握归纳技巧。有时表格中（尤其最上栏、最左栏）需要学生概括相应栏内的内容，这就要求学生学会使用一些概括性词语。常用归纳概括性词汇有：aims，purposes，reasons，causes，results，effects，advice，suggestions，opinions，topics，background，introduction，advantages，disadvantages，attitudes，features，phenomena(phenomenon)，tips，characteristics(character)，personality，data，name，sex，conclusion等。有时不仅需要记清楚这些概括性词汇，还要熟练掌握该词汇的常用搭配，以便迅速锁定最佳词语。如比较anintroductionofsomething，instructionsforsomething，measurestosomething和knowledgeaboutsomething后，考生们可以根据不同的介词的使用，快速辨清到底应使用这几个相近名词中的哪一个。2）巧妙运用转换。有时原文中的词汇不能直接用来填入空格，要求学生用相应词组替代转换。这就需要考生们平时多积累英语词汇，学会用英语解释英语，多查英英词典，巧用同义词、反义词、前缀、后缀、常用句型、词语搭配等。4．检查答案。主要检查字数是否符合要求，所填内容与原文意思是否保持通顺一致，句意是否连贯，是否符合语法规则等。总之，只要考生注意平时多做任务型阅读的题目，多总结各种表格的特点，注意常用词汇的积累，做题时细心并适时随机应变，完全可以游刃有余地应对任务型阅读这种新题型。71\n【三年高考】09、10、11、12高考试题及其解析2022高考英语试题[2022·江苏卷]请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。“HappinessAdvantage”EffectInJuly2022Burt'sBees,apersonalcareproductscompany,wasgoingthroughenormouschangeasitbeganaglobalexpansioninto19newcountries.Inthiskindofhighpressuresituation,manyleadersbothertheirassistantswithfrequentmeetingsorfloodtheirinboxeswithurgentdemands.Indoingso,managerslifteveryone'sanxietylevel,whichactivatesthepartofthebrainthatprocessesthreatsandstealsresourcesfromtheprefrontalcortex(大脑皮层),whichisresponsibleforeffectiveproblemsolving.Burt'sBees'sthenCEO,JohnWolfgang,tookadifferentapproach.Eachday,he'dsendoutanemailpraisingateammemberforworkrelatedtoglobalmarketing.He'dinterrupthisownpresentationstoremindhismanagerstotalkwiththeirteamsaboutthecompany'svalues.Heaskedmetofurtherathreehoursessionwithemployeesonhappinessinthecourseoftheexpansioneffort.Asonememberoftheseniorteamtoldmeayearlater,Wolfgang'semphasisondevelopingpositiveleadershipkepthismanagersactivelyinvolvedandloyalastheysuccessfullytransformedthecompanyintoaglobalone.Thatoutcomeshouldn'tsurpriseus.Researchshowsthatwhenpeopleworkwithapositivemindset(思维模式),performanceonnearlyeverylevel—productivity,creativity,involvement—improves.Yethappinessisperhapsthemostmisunderstooddriverofperformance.Forone,mostpeoplebelievethatsuccesscomesbeforehappiness.“OnceIgetapromotion,I'llbehappy，”theythink.Or,“OnceIhitmysalestarget,I'llfeelgreat.”Butbecausesuccessisamovingtarget—assoonasyouhityourtarget,youraiseitagain—thehappinessthatresultsfromsuccessdoesnotlastlong.Infact,itworkstheotherwayaround:Peoplewhohaveapositivemindsetperformbetterinthefaceofchallenge.Icallthisthe“happinessadvantage”—everybusinessoutcomeshowsimprovementwhenthebrainispositive.I'veobservedthiseffectinmyroleasaresearcherandlecturerin48countriesontheconnectionbetweenemployeehappinessandsuccess.AndI'mnotalone:Inananalysisof225academicstudies,researchersfoundstrongevidenceofcauseandeffectrelationshipbetweenlifesatisfactionandsuccessfulbusinessoutcomes.Anothercommonmisunderstandingisthatourgenetics,ourenvironment,oracombinationofthetwodetermineshowhappyweare.Tobesure,bothfactorshaveanimpact.Butone'sgeneralsenseofwellbeingissurprisinglyunstable.Thehabitsyouform,thewayyouinteractwithcolleagues,howyouthinkaboutstress—allthesecanbemanagedtoincreaseyourhappinessandyourchancesofsuccess.71\n【文章大意】最近一项研究表明，一个人的幸福感可能会决定是否能够成功。所以在企业中，若经理保持着乐观的管理态度，体贴员工，这将使员工的幸福感增强，从而更愿意投入到工作中。75.difference　归纳总结题。根据第二段最后一句“…astheysuccessfullytransformedthecompanyintoaglobalone”可知积极的领导关系对员工的表现起着非常大的作用。makeadifference“起作用，有效果”，符合语境。76.positively　词性转变题。根据第三段第二句“…whenpeopleworkwithapositivemindset”可知答案。注意此处用positive的副词形式positively修饰动词think。77.success/achievements　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“…youraiseitagain—thehappinessthatresultsfromsuccessdoesnotlastlong.”可知答案。78.strongly　词性转变题。根据第四段最后一句“…researchersfoundstrongevidenceofcauseandeffectrelationshipbetweenlifesatisfactionandsuccessfulbusinessoutcomes.”可知此处用strong的副词形式strongly修饰动词prove。71\n79.determined/decided　词性转变题。根据最后一段“…isthatourgenetics,ourenvironment,oracombinationofthetwodetermineshowhappyweare.”可知此处答案。80.chances/possibilities/opportunities　归纳推理题。根据最后一段最后一句可知“你形成的习惯，与同事交流的方式，如何看待压力等都和是否有可能成功有关系”，故此处表示“可能性/机会”，即chances/possibilities/opportunities。2022高考英语试题（2022江苏卷）任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。WhenShouldaLeaderApologizeandWhenNot?WhyDifficult?Whenwewrongsomeoneweknow,evennotintentionally,wearegenerallyexpectedtoapologizesoastoimprovethesituation.Butwhenwe’reactingasleaders,thecircumstancesaredifferent.Theactofapologyiscarriedoutnotmerelyattheleveloftheindividualbutalsoattheleveloftheinstitution.Itisaperformanceinwhicheveryexpressionmattersandeverywordbecomespartofthepublicrecord.Refusingtoapologizecanbesmart,oritcanbestupid.So,readinesstoapologizecanbeseenasasignofstrongcharacterorasasignofweakness.Asuccessfulapologycanturnhateintopersonalandorganizationalharmony—whileanapologythatistoolittle,toolate,ortooobviouslystrategiccanbringonindividualandinstitutionalruin.What,then,istobedone?Howcanleadersdecideifandwhentoapologizepublicly?WhyNow?Thequestionofwhetherleadersshouldapologizepubliclyhasneverbeenmoreurgent.Duringthelastdecadeorso,theUnitedStatesinparticularhasdevelopedanapologyculture—apologiesofallkindsandforallsortsofwrongdoingsaremadefarmorefrequentlythanbefore.Morenewspaperwritershavewrittenaboutthegrowingimportanceofpublicapologies.Morearticles,cartoons,advicecolumns,andradioandtelevisionprogramshavesimilarlydealtwiththesubjectofprivateapologies.WhyBother?Whydoweapologize?Whydoweeverputourselvesinsituationslikelytobedifficult,embarrassing,andevenrisky?Leaderswhoapologizepubliclycouldbeaneasytarget.Theyareexpectedtoappearstrongandcapable.Andwheneverthey71\nmakepublicstatementsofanykind,theirindividualandinstitutionalreputationsareindanger.Clearly,then,leadersshouldnotapologizeoftenorlightly.Foraleadertoexpressapology,thereneedstobeagood,strongreason.Leaderswillpubliclyapologizeifandwhentheythinkthecostsofdoingsoarelowerthanthecostsofnotdoingso.WhyRefuse?Whyisitthatleaderssooftenrefusetoapologize,evenwhenapublicapologyseemstobeinorder?Theirreasonscanbeindividualorinstitutional.Becauseleadersarepublicfigures,theirapologiesarelikelytobepersonallyuncomfortableandevenprofessionallyrisky.Leadersmayalsobeafraidthatadmissionofamistakewilldamageordestroytheorganizationforwhichtheyareresponsible.Therecanbegoodreasonsforhangingtoughintoughsituations,asweshallsee,butitisahigh-riskstrategy.71\n【解析】根据第一段第三句“Theactofapologyiscarriedoutnotmerelyattheleveloftheindividualbutalso…”或第四句“Itisaperformace...”可知此处表示“行为（表现/活动）”。【解析】根据第三段第四句“Theyareexpectedtoappearstrongandcapable.”可知此处beexpected/supposed/requiredtodosth表示“被期望/应该/被要求要求做某事”。78.答案public【解析】根据第三段最后一句“Leaderswillpubliclyapologizeif…”可知此处inpublic表示“在公共场合（公开地）”。79.答案likely71\n【解析】根据第四段第三句“…,theirapologiesarelikelytobepersonallycomfortableandevenprofessionallyrisky.”可知此处belikelytobe表示“很有可能…”。80.答案harm/damage【解析】根据第三段第四句“…willdamageordestory…”可知此处doharm/damageto表示“对……有害”。2022高考英语试题（2022高考江苏卷）请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。Formorethantwentyyearsscientistshavebeenseekingtounderstandthemysteryofthe“sixthsense"ofdirection．Bytryingoutideasandsolvingproblemsonebyone，theyarenowgettingclosertooneanswer．Onefunnyideaisthatanimalsmighthaveabuilt-incompass(指南针)．Ourearthitselfisabigmagnet(磁体)．Soalittlemagneticneedlethatswingsfreelylinesitselfwiththebigearthmagnettopointnorthandsouth．Whenpeoplediscoveredthatideaaboutathousandyearsagoandinventedthecompass，itallowedsailorstonavigate(航海)onoceanvoyages,evenundercloudyskies.Actuallytheideaofthelivingcompasscamejustfromobservinganimalsinnature．Manybirdsmigratetwiceayearbetweentheirsummerhomesandwinterhomes．Someofthemflyforthousandsofkilometersandmostlyatnight．Experimentshaveshownthatsomebirdscanrecognizestarpatterns．Buttheycankeeponcourseevenundercloudyskies．Howcantheydothat?Acommonbirdthatdoesnotmigratebutisgreatatfindingitswayhomeisthehomingpigeon．Notallpigeonscanfindtheirwayhome．Thosethatcanareverygoodatit，andtheyhavebeenwidelystudied．Oneinterestingexperimentwastoattachlittlemagnetstothebirds’headstoblocktheirmagneticsense—justasaloudradiocankeepyoufromhearingacalltodinner．Onsunnydays,thatdidnotfoolthepigeons．Evidentlytheycanusethesuntotellwhichwaytheyaregoing．Butoncloudydays，thepigeonswith71\nmagnetscouldnotfindtheirway．Itwasasifthemagnetshadblockedtheirmagneticsense．Similarexperimentswiththesamekindofresultsweredonewithhoneybees．Theseinsectsalsoseemtohaveaspecialsenseotdirection．Inspiteoftheexperiments，theideaofananimalcompassseemedprettyextraordinary．Howwouldananimalgetthemagneticstuffforacompass？Ananswercamefromanunexpectedsource．Ascientistwasstudyingbacteriathatliveinthemudofpondsandmarshes．Hefoundaccidentallylittlerod-likebacteriathatallswamtogetherinonedirection—north．Furtherstudyshowedthateachlittlebacteriumhadachainofdenseparticlesinside，whichprovedmagnetic．Thebacteriahadmadethemselvesintolittlemagnetsthatcouldlineupwiththeearth’smagnet．Thebignewswasthatalivingthing，evenasimplebacterium，canmakemagnetite．Thatledtoasearchtoseewhetheranimalsmighthaveit..Byusingaspecialinstrumentcalledmagnetometer，scientistswereabletofindmagnetiteinbeesandbirds，andeveninfish．Ineachanimal，exceptforthebee．themagneticstuffwasalwaysinorclosertothebrain．Thus．theideaofabuilt—inanimalcompassbegantoseemreasonable．TheMagneticSense—TheLivingCompassPassageoutlineSupportingdetailsTheexistenceoftheearthmagnetandtheinventionofthenavigatingcompass◇Ourearthisabigmagnetandalittlefreely(71)▲magneticneedlelinesitselfwiththeearthmagnettopointnorthandsouth.◇(72)▲ontheideaabove,thenavigatingcompasswasinvented.Thepossibilityofbirds’built-incompasses◇Onepieceofevidenceisthe(73)▲ofmanybirdsbetweentheirsummerhomesandwinterhomes.71\n◇Birdscanrecognizestarpatternsonclearnightsandkeeponcourse(74)▲undercloudyskiesThe(75)▲onpigeons’andbees’built-incompasses◇Littlemagnetsweretiedtothepigeons’headsto(76)▲theirmagneticsense.◇Thepigeons’magneticsenseseemedtobeaffectedon(77)▲days.◇Similarthingswiththesameresultsweredonewithbees.The(78)▲ofthemagneticstufffortheanimalcompass◇Littlerod-likebacteriawerefoundbychancetoswimtogetherinthedirectionof(79)▲.◇Someanimalshadachainofdensemagneticparticlesinorclosetothe(80)▲insidetheirbodies.71.【解析】swinging。将文章中的第二段中第二句中定语从句thatswings换用在现在分词swinging作定语。71\n2022高考英语试题（09江苏卷）第四部分：任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题l分，满分l0分)请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。CommunicationPrinciplesHowyouseeyourselfcanmakeagreatdifferenceinhowyoucommunicate．“Everyindividualexistsinacontinuallychangingworldofexperienceofwhichhe(orshe)isthecenter”．Manycommunicationscholarsandsocialscientistsbelievethatpeopleareproductsofhowotherstreatthemandofthemessagesotherssendthem．Buteverydayweexperiencethecentralityofourselvesincommunication．Astudent．forinstance，maydescribeaconflictwithateacherasunfairtreatment：“Iknowmyteacherdoesn’tlikethefactthatIdon’tagreewithhisopinions．andthat’swhyhegavemesuchapoorgradeinthatclass．”Theteachermightsaythe71\nopposite．Eachpersonmaybelievethatheiscorrectandthattheotherperson’sviewiswrong．Theconceptofserforiginatesincommunication．Throughverbalandnonverbalsymbols,achildlearnstoacceptrolesinresponsetotheexpectationsofothers．Youestablishself-image。Thesortofpersonyoubelieveyouare，byhowothersthinkofyou．Positive，negative，andneutralmessagesthatyoureceivefromothersallplayaroleindeterminingwhoyouare．Communicationitselfisprobablybestunderstoodasadialogueprocess．Ourunderstandingofcommunicationcomesfromourinteractionswithotherpeople．Inamoreobviousway．communicationinvolvesothersinthesensethatacompetentcommunicatorconsiderswhattheotherpersonneedsandexpectswhenselectingmessagestoshare．So，thecommunicationbeginswiththeself，asdefinedlargelybyothers，andinvolvesothers，asdefinedlargelybytheself．CommunicationOccursalmosteveryminuteofyourlife．Ifyouarenotcommunicatingwithyourself(thinking，planning，reactingtotheworldaroundyou)，youareobservingothersanddrawinginferencesfromtheirbehavior．Eveniftheotherpersondidnotintendamessageforyou．yougatherobservationsanddrawspecificconclusions．Apersonyawnsandyoubelievethatpersonisboredwithyourmessage．Asecondpersonlooksawayfromyouandyouconcludethatpersonisnotlisteningtoyou．Athirdpersonsmiles(perhapsbecauseofamemoryofajokeheheardrecently)andyoubelievethatheisattractedtoyou．Wearecontinuallypickingupmeaningsfromothers’behaviorsandweareconstantlyprovidingbehaviorsthathavecommunicativevalueforthem．Moreoftenthannot，youmayhavehurtsomeoneaccidentallyandyoumayhavetriedtoexplainthatyoudidnotmeanthat.Youmayhavetoldtheotherpersonthatyouweresorryforyourstatement．Youmayhavemadeajokeoutofyourrudestatement．Nonetheless，yourcommentremainsbothinthemindoftheotherpersonandinyourownmind．Youcannotgobackintimeanderaseyourmessagestoothers．Communicationcannotbereversed(倒退)，norcanitberepeated．Whenyoutriedtore—createtheatmosphere，theconversation，andthesetting，nothingseemed71\nright．Yoursecondexperiencewithasimilarsettingandpersonmadefardifferentresults．Paragraph0utlineSupportingDetailsCommunicationbeginswiththeself●Peoplearesomewhatproductsofothers’treatmentandmessages．●wearealways(71)▲incommunicationwithothers．Communication(72)▲others●Experiencesofothershelpchildrenlearntoacceptroles．●Messagesfromothershelpyou(73)▲whoyouare．●Needsand(74)▲ofothersshouldbeconsidered．Communication(75)▲everywhere●Wearecommunicatingwithourselvesbythinking，planningandreactingtotheoutsideworld．●Wearealways(76)▲otherpeoplebyobservingeveniftheydonotintendanymessageforyou．●Weareconstantlycollectingmeaningsfromothers’(77)▲．●Weareconstantly(78)▲meaningsbywhatwedo．Communicationcannotbereversednorrepeated●Youmayexplainwhatyouhavedone，butyoucannot(79)▲whatremainsintheotherperson’smind．●Yonmayredotheconversation，butyou(80)▲achievethesameresults．任务型阅读的文章主题是关于如何与人沟通71．self-centred／subjective76．reading／understanding/knowing72．involves77．behaviors／acts／action(s)／activities73．determine／define／know／understand78．conveying／expressing74．expectations／hopes／desires／wishes79．erase／remove／delete/change75．occurs／happens／exists／arises80．can’t／cannot71、【答案】self-centred／subjective71\n本文谈论交际原则。从表格可看出文章包括四个部分。即一段一个分论点。第一段概述交际从自我开始；第二段概述交际与他人相关；第三段提出交流无处不在；最后一段讲述交流不可能重来。71．self-centred／subjective。由第一段的Buteverydayweexperiencethecentralityofourselvesincommunica-tion以及接下来举的例子可归纳出答案。77．behaviors／acts／action(s)／activities。根据第三段最后一句中的Wearecontinuallypickingupmeaningsfromothers’behaviors。78．conveying／expressing。根据第三段最后一句中的weareconstantlyprovidingbehaviorsthathavecommu—nieativevalHeforthem的含义可联想到convey或express。79．erase／remove／delete／change。根据第四段的Youcannotgobackintimeanderaseyourmessagestoothers可确定答案。80．Can’t／cannot。由第四段的最后一句Whenyoutriedtore．createtheatmosphere，theconversation，andthesetting，nothingseemedright．Yoursecondexperiencewithasimilarsettingandpersonmadefardifferentresults．可归纳出”即使重新对话，也不可能获得同样的效果”。所以答案为can’t。71\n【两年模拟】10、11、12名校模拟题及其答案12名校模拟题及其答案【2022·江苏百校联考】任务型阅读处共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填人一个最恰当的单词。注意；请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。WhatShouldYouDoWhenanEarthquakeHits?Ifyoufindthegroundshakingbeneathyourfeet，there'saninternationalconsensusonhowyoushouldact.Earthquakesafetyboilsdowntotht-eebasicsteps：1.Droptotheground.2.Takecoverbygettingunderasturdydeckortable.3:Holdontoituntiltheshakingstops.Ifthereisn'tatableordesknearyou，droptothegroundinaninsidecornerofthebuildingandcoveryourheadandneckwithyourhandsandarms.Donottrytoruntoanotherroomjusttogetunderatable.Ifyouareinbed，holdonandstaythere，protectingyourheadwithapillow.Youarelesslikelytobeinjuredstayingwhereyouare:Brokenglassonthefloorhascausedinjurytothosewhohaverolledtothefloorortriedtogettodoorways.Ifyouareoutdoors，movetoaclearareaifyoucansafelydoso；avoidpowerlines，trees，signs,buildings，vehicles,andotherhazards:Ifyou'reatthemoviesoxasportsgame，stayatyourseatandprotectyourheadandneckwithyourarms.Don'ttrytoleaveuntiltheshakingisover,Thenwalkoutslowlywatchingforanythingthatcouldfallintheaftershocks.Ifyou'redrivingacar，pullovertothesideoftheroad，stop，andsettheparkingbrake.Avoidoverpasses,bridges,powerlines，signsandotherhazards.Stayinsidethevehicleuntiltheshakingisover:Ifapowerlinefallsonthecar，stayinsideuntilatrainedpersonremovesthewire.Ifyou'rebytheshore，drop，coverandholdonuntiltheshakingstops.Estimatehowlongtheshakinglasts.Ifsevereshakinglasts20secondsormore,immediatelyevacuatetohighgroundasatsunami(海啸）mighthavebeengeneratedbytheearthquake:1Vloveinland3kilometers（2miles）ortolandthatisatleast30meters（100feet)abovesealevelimmediately.Don'twaitforofficialstoissueawarning.Walkquickly，ratherthandrive，toavoidtraffic．debrisandotherhazardsIfyoulivedownstreamforadam，youshouldknowflood-zoneinformationandhavepreparedanevacuationplan.Latastrophiefailureisunlikely，butdamscanfailduringmajorearthquakes.Themainpointistotrynottomoveandtoimmediatelyprotectyourselfasbestaspossiblewhereyouare.Earthquakesoccurwithoutanywarningandmaybesoviolentthatyoucannotrunorcrawl；youthereforewillmostlikelybeknockedtothegroundwhereyouhappentobe.YouwillneverknowiftheinitialjoltwillturnouttobestartofthebigoneInaddition，studiesofinjuriesanddeathscausedbyearthquakesintheUSover71\nthelastseveraldecadesindicateyouaremuchmorelikelytobeinjuredbyfallingorflyingobjects（TVs，lamps，glass，bookecases，etc.）thantodieinacollapsedbuilding."Drop，Cover，andHoldon"offersthebestoveralllevelofprotection【解析】【2022届江苏省南京市、盐城市高三第一次模拟】任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。AjudgeinLosAngeleshassentencedMichaelJackson'spersonalphysiciantofouryearsinprisonforthe2022deathofthepopsuperstar.LosAngelesSuperiorCourtJudgeMichaelPastorTuesdayhandedthesentencetoDr.ConradMurray,whowasconvictedearlierthismonthofinvoluntarymanslaughter(过失杀人)inJackson'sdeath.Murray,however,couldserveonlyhalfhissentenceduetoovercrowdinginCalifornia'sprisonsystem.Inissuingthesentence,thejudgedescribedMurrayasarecklessphysicianwhoseactionswere"adisgracetothemedicalprofession."PastoralsosaidMurraywas71\ninvolvedin"horriblemedicine"thatincludedasophisticatedschemetogetthepowerfulanesthetic,propofol,forJackson.PastorsaidMurrayliedrepeatedlyandhadnotshownremorseforhisactionsinthetreatmentofJackson,whobattledinsomnia（失眠证）.Prosecutors(原告)saidMurraygaveJacksonpropofol,whichisnotapprovedforuseasasleepaid,andthenabandonedtheentertainerwhilehe,Murray,attendedtopersonalmatters.TheysaidthedoctorputoffcallingforemergencyhelpafterfindingJacksonunresponsive.TheyalsosaidJacksonputhistrustinMurrayandpaidforitwithhislife.Murray'slawyersarguedJacksongavehimselfthefataldosagewithoutthedoctor'sknowledge.Theysaidthereisnoproofthedoctordidanythingwrong.Murraydidnottakethestandinhisdefense.JacksondiedinhisbedroomathisrentedmansioninJune2022.Priortohisdeath,hehadbeenplanningaseriesofcomebackconcerts.Apartfromthecriminaltrial,Jackson'sfatherhasfiledawrongfuldeathsuit,accusingMurrayoflyingtothedoctorsandparamedicswhotriedtosavethesinger'slife.Additionally,ahearingissetforJanuaryonaprosecutionproposalthatMurraypaymorethan$100millioninrestitutiontoJackson'sfamily.【答案与解析】75.sympathy/pity根据文章中的MurrayliedrepeatedlyandhadnotshownremorseforhisactionsinthetreatmentofJackson可知填sympathy/pity；76.forbidden/banned根据文章中的MurraygaveJacksonpropofol,whichisnotapproved71\nforuseasasleepaid,可知notapproved与banned/forbidden；77.Delaying根据文章中的thedoctorputoffcallingforemergencyhelp可知putoff与delay同义表达；78.Arguments根据文章中的Murray'slawyersarguedJacksongavehimselfthefataldosagewithoutthedoctor'sknowledge.可知填Argument；79.knowing根据文章中的Jacksongavehimselfthefataldosagewithoutthedoctor'sknowledge.可知；80.defense/defence根据文章中的Theysaidthereisnoproofthedoctordidanythingwrong.Murraydidnottakethestandinhisdefense.可知。【2022江苏四市高三调研】任务型阅读(共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分)请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。Canada’swealthcomesfromtheexploitationofitsrichnaturalresourcesandfromtheworkofitscitizens.Canadiansareemployedinavarietyofjobs.Allofthesejobscanbegroupedintooneofthreecategories:extractiveindustries,manufacturingindustriesandserviceindustries.Industriesthattakerawmaterialsfromthenaturalenvironmentarecalledextractiveorprimaryindustries.Canadahasawealthofnaturalresources.Theextractiveindustriesthathavebeendevelopedtoexploitthesenaturalresourcesmakeanimportantcontributiontothewealthofoureconomy.Withouttheseextractiveindustries,andthemoneytheybringfromothercountries,Canada’seconomycouldnotexistinitspresentform.YetonlyasmallpercentageofCanada’slabourforceworksinextractiveindustries.Extractiveindustriesrelyonlabour-savingmachinesinsteadofhumanlabour.ManufacturingindustriesprocesstheproductsofextractiveindustriesintofinishedproductsManufacturingindustriestransformrawmaterialsintomanydifferentformstobeusedbyconsumersorbyothercompanies.Thisprocessingmaybedoneinoneormorestages.Forexample,ironoreistransformedintosteelinfactories.Thisiscalledprimarymanufacturing.Thesteelisthensenttocompaniesforfurtherprocessingintocars,miningequipment,machines,nails,andotherproducts-suchasbicycleframes.Thisiscalledsecondarymanufacturing.ManufacturingindustriesarelocatedinmanytownsandcitiesacrossCanada.Companiestrytobuildtheirfactoriesindenselypopulatedareasbecausetheywanttonearthepeoplewhobuytheirproducts.Iftheylocateneartheircustomers,thentheysavemoneyonshippingcosts.ManufacturingindustriesprovidemorejobstoCanadiansthandoextractiveindustries.Yetthenumberofpeopleemployedinmanufacturingisstillsmallincomparisontothethirdcategory,services.Aswithextractiveindustries,manufacturingprocessusemanymachinesthatrequirerelativelyfewworkers.Serviceindustriesprovideservicesneededbytheextractiveandmanufacturingindustries,andbysocietyingeneral.Withouttheseservices,societycouldnotoperate.ThemajorityofCanadianworkersdonotproduce“goods”intheirjobs.Instead,theyprovide“services”forothers.Therangeofservicesisverygreatandincludessuchthingsasretailing,officework,education,healthcare,71\ncommunications,government,transportation,andpersonalservices.Serviceindustriesinoneformoranotherarespreadovertheentirecountry.Ineverycommunitytherearestores,banks,schools,policeforces,anddozensofotherservices.Themajorityofserviceindustriesarefoundintownandcitiesbecauseservicesareprovidedforpeopleandtherearemanymorepeopleinurbanareas,Canada’seconomydependsuponthecreationofjobsinallthreetypesofindustry.Introduction●All(71)▲canbedividedintothreecategories:extractiveindustries,manufacturingindustriesandserviceindustries.Extractiveindustries●Extractiveindustriesarealsocalledprimaryindustries,whichare(72)▲withtheexploitationofrawmaterialsfromthenaturalenvironment.(73)▲industries●Manufacturingindustries(74)▲rawmaterialsintoproducts,whichcanbeusedbypeopleorcompanies.●Manufacturingindustriescanbegroupedintoprimarymanufacturingand(75)▲manufacturing.●Primarymanufacturing(76)▲steelfromironoreforfurtherprocessing.●Secondarymanufacturingwillthenusethesteeltomakeproductslikecars,bikes,etc.forpeopletouse.Serviceindustries●Serviceindustriesprovideservicestheothertwoindustriesneed.Withouttheseservices,oursocietycannot(77)▲.●Serviceindustriesprovidejobsforshopassistants,office(78)▲,teachers,doctors,andmanyothers.●Serviceindustriesmainlyprovideservicesfor(79)▲.Closing●Oursocietyis(80)▲onallthreetreesofindustry.71.jobs72.associated/connected73.Manufacturing74.process/transform/turn75.secondary76.makes77.operate/function78.workers79.people80.based/dependent【答案与解析】71\n【2022·江苏徐州市高三月考】任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题l分，满分l0分)请认真阅读下列短文,根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。Youmightlearnagreatdealinschool,butit’suncertainthatyou’llactuallydevelopasaleaderbyreadingabookortakingacourse.Themilitaryisrightaboutdevelopmentbasedonexperience:Peoplegrowandbecomeleadersbymakingacommitmenttoacause,andhavingpersonalresponsibility.Forthoseofusincivilianlife,therearealsowaystodevelopasleadersthroughexperience:throughvolunteerservice.Therearevariousnonprofitmissionsfromwhichtochooseaswellasrolesandpositionsinwhichtogetinvolved.Nonprofitboardserviceisparticularlyconvincingforbusinesspeopleandprofessionalsseekingtodevelopasleaders.Businesspeoplewhobringvaluableskillsandexperienceaswellasdiversebackgroundsandviewpointsareuniquelyequippedtohelpregional,national,andglobalorganizationstoachievesuccessincopingwithpoverty,education,healthcare,conservationofnaturalresources,andotherkeyissues.Throughnonprofitboardexperience,businesspeopleparticipatewiththeCEOinforeseeinganorganization’sgreaterpotential,creatingtheincomemodel,andachievingsuccess.Here’sthesecrettomakingthemostofaserviceexperience:1.Chooseacausethat’smeaningfultoyou,andwhereyoulikethepeople.Determinehowyoucanbeuseful—whetherhelpingwithstrategicplanning,invitingfriendstoafund-raisingeventorservingontheboard.Ifyou’llbeservingontheboard,beclearaboutwhatwillbeexpectedofyousothatyoucanfullydevoteyourselftoit.71\n2.Beopentoopportunitiestoraiseyourhandandsay,“I’llhelp.”Whenyouknowit,youcouldbeinchargeofacommittee,andeventuallyperhapsservingasaboardofficer.3.Dopayattentiontopotentialtutorsontheboardwhereyouserveandamongyourfriendsandcolleagues.Talkwithotherpeoplewhoserveonboardstoshareexperiences,lessons,andadvice.4.Alwaysrememberthemission.Itmustbewhatyouarealwaysthinkingaboutmostasyoutakepartindiscussionsandmakedecisions.5.Begenerouswithyourtimeandyourcontributions.Onceinvolved,you’llbesurprisedathowawareyouwillbecomeofwho’sathoughtfulleaderandwho’snot.Andthenyourpersonalexperiencecanensurethatbooksandvariousreadingsonleadershipdevelopmentwillbecomemoremeaningful.ThroughmyvolunteerservicesinceIwas10,I’veseenfirst-handthepowerofserviceindevelopingleadership.MostofthehundredsofbusinesspeopleI’vetrainedandplacedonboardshavemoveduptoboardleadershippositions;thekeyhasbeenthatthematchwasright,andtheboardcandidatewascommittedandreadytosay,“I’llhelp.”Throughservice,youhavetremendousopportunitiestodevelopasaleader,becomeamorevaluableprofessionalwhereyouwork,andmakeameaningfulcontributioninimprovingyourcommunityandtheworld.Title:Approachestothe(71)▲ofLeadershipSkills.       Civilians ThemilitaryBusinesspeopleandprofessionals Makingacommitmenttoacause Choosingameaningfulcauseanddeterminingthe(75)▲youcanbeuseful                       Beingopentoopportunitiesand(76)▲toofferyourhelpBeingpersonally(72)▲(73)▲involunteerservicePayingattentionto(77)▲tutorsontheboardChoosingfromvariousnonprofitmissionsAlwayskeepingthemissionin(78)▲71\nDevotingyourtimeandmakingcontributions(79)▲(74)▲yourselfinrolesandpositions       Conclusion:Thevolunteerservicecanofferyoutremendousopportunitiestomakealeader,becomemoreprofessionalwhereyouwork,andmakemeaningfulcontributionsin(80)▲upyourcommunityandtheworld.75.way根据文章中的Chooseacausethat’smeaningfultoyou,andwhereyoulikethepeople.Determinehowyoucanbeuseful可知；76.willing/ready根据文章中的Beopentoopportunitiestoraiseyourhand可知；77.potential根据文章中的Dopayattentiontopotentialtutorsontheboard可知；78.mind根据文章中的Alwaysrememberthemission.可知；79.generously根据文章中的Begenerouswithyourtimeandyourcontributions.可知；80.polishing/brushing根据文章中的makeameaningfulcontributioninimprovingyourcommunityandtheworld.可知。【2022江苏南京盐城模拟】任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词；请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。AspirinAspirin(acetylsalicylicacid)hasbeenusedformanyyearsasapainkiller.Italsohasananti-inflammatory(消炎)actionandcanbeusedtoreducefever.Aspirinisalreadyrecommendedforpeopletopreventstrokeandheartattackbecauseitimprovesone'sbloodcirculation.Somanypeoplealreadytakedailyaspirinasaheartdrug.Althoughaspirincancausedeadlyinternalbleeding,whichisrelativelyrare,itsbenefitsforpeoplearegreat,notonlytohelpincreasethelengthofpeople'slives,buttopreventandtreatcancer,ortostopcancerspreadaccordingtothelatestresearch.71\nTakingalowdose(剂量)ofaspirineverydaycanpreventandpossiblyeventreatcancer,freshevidencesuggests.Prof.PeterRothwell,fromOxfordUniversity,andhiscolleagues,whocarriedoutthelatestwork,hadalreadylinkedaspirinwithalowerriskofcertaincancers,particularlybowel（肠）cancer.Buttheirpreviousworksuggestedpeopleneededtotakethedrugforabout10yearstogetanyprotection.Nowtheprotectiveeffectoccursmuchsooner—withinthreetofiveyears—basedonanewanalysisofdatafrom51trialsinvolvingmorethan77,000patients.Andaspirinappearsnotonlytoreducetheriskofdevelopingmanydifferentcancersinthefirstplace,butmayalsostopcancersspreadingaroundthebody.Takingalow(75—300mg)dailydoseofaspirinappearedtocutthetotalnumberofcancercasesby25%afteronlythreeyears—therewereninecancercasesper1,000eachyearintheaspirin-takinggroup,comparedwith12per1,000forthosetakingdummypills.Italsoreducedtheriskofacancerdeathby15%withinfiveyears(andsoonerifthedosewashigherthan300mg).Andifpatientsstayedonaspirinforlonger,theircancerdeathriskwentdownevenfurther—by37%afterfiveyears.Low-doseaspirinalsoappearedtoreducetheprobabilitythatcancers,particularlybowel,wouldspreadtootherpartsofthebody,andbyasmuchashalfinsomeinstances.However,Prof.Rothwellsaysformostfitandhealthypeople,themostimportantthingstheycandotoreducetheirlifetimecancerriskistogiveupsmoking,takeexerciseand-haveahealthydiet.Butexpertswarnthatthereisstillnotenoughprooftorecommendittopreventcancercasesanddeathsandwarnthatthedrugcancausedangeroussideeffectslikestomachbleeding.Prof.PeterJohnsonofCancerResearchUK,alongwithotherexperts,saiditwasstillagoodideathatpeoplethinkingoftakingaspirinshouldfirstconsulttheirdoctorsbecauseofthepossiblesideeffect.Andpeopleshouldgetsomedecisiveadvicefromthegovernmentastowhetheraspirinshouldberecommendedmorewidelyandthegovernmentshouldalsoadvisethepublicaboutthebenefitsandrisksofaspirin.71\n任务型阅读76.reduce/lower/decrease/prevent;根据文章中的Italsoreducedtheriskofacancerdeathby15%withinfiveyears可知；77.possible/probable;根据文章中的Low-doseaspirinalsoappearedtoreducetheprobabilitythatcancers可知；78.Experts'/Reserchers';根据文章中的expertswarnthatthereisstillnotenoughprooftorecommendittopreventcancercasesanddeathsandwarnthatthedrugcancausedangeroussideeffectslikestomachbleeding.可知；71\n79.before;根据文章中的itwasstillagoodideathatpeoplethinkingoftakingaspirinshouldfirstconsulttheirdoctors可知；80.advised根据文章中的thegovernmentshouldalsoadvisethepublicaboutthebenefitsandrisksofaspirin.可知。【2022江苏南京市热身训练】任务型阅读请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意：每空格1个单词。(A)SocialfunctionofpubliclibrariesinruralareasPubliclibrariesarevarious,suchasPopularLibrary,CommunityLibrary,MunicipalLibrary,ParishlibraryandModelPublicLibrary.Thepubliclibrariesinunderdevelopedcountriesaremarginalizedandwithoutanyleadingroleinsociety.Todevelop“socialfunctionofthepubliclibraryasanagentofchangeforruraldevelopment,weneedtoknowmoreaboutthepubliclibrary.Thepubliclibraryistheinstitutionthatservesasocialfunctionasachangeagentintransmittinginformationandknowledgetotheruraldevelopmentwithoutdistinctionofreligion,race,politicalbeliefs,orgenderorsex.“It’saneducationforthepeople.”Thesocialrolesofthepubliclibraryincludes:·developinganadditionaltrainingcoursestotheruralschool,tryingtoraisethesocioeconomicstatus,intellectualandmoraldevelopmentofruralpopulations.Throughthedifferentactivitiestakingplace:Trainingcourses,productiveworkshops,lecturesonvarioustopics,holidaysupplies,etc;·servingmanypeoplewhohadtoleaveschoolearly(verytypicalofruralareas)byprovidingadequateequipmentandpersonneltotheirinformationneeds;·facilitatingandencouragingreadinginruralareas,actingasaneffectivetoolagainstilliteracy,whichinPeruandLatinAmericaisoneofthesocio-educationalproblemsthatwesuffer;·helpingusersdisorientedandnotaccustomedtoconsulttherurallibrary,encouraging,motivatingandattractingthemtoobtainmaximumbenefitandsatisfactionoftheirreadings·actingasan“InformationCenterforall”,butnota“Depositandaudiovisuallibrarymaterials;forusebyallmembersoftheCommunity,particularlyinruralareas.Whatisinterestinginlearning,increasingtheirknowledgeandculture,strengtheningtheirappreciationoflifeandachievetheirideals.Thesocialrolesofthepubliclibrarywilldependmuchontheirstructure:Child,Youth,Adult,Senior,anditssystemoforganization:Centralandbranchoffices,mobilelibraries,bookbags,methodswidelyusedinruralareasofmanycountries.Thepubliclibraryisastateinstitution,andthereforepromotedandsustainedbyit.Itplaystheroleofthepublicservice.Itshouldnotbeaninertentity,ashashappenedinmostdevelopingcountries.Withinacontextofunderdevelopment,71\npubliclibraryremainsasaninstitutionisolatedfromtheinterestsofthepopulation,despitealleffortsaremadeindividuallytoavoidit.Thepubliclibraryandtheruraldevelopmentshouldbecloselyrelated,withthesupportofanappropriateeducationpolicy.SocialfunctionofpubliclibrariesinruralareasSocialstructure,Child,Youth,Adult,Senior,anditssystemoftheorganizationStructures(80)▲thesocialroles(71)▲oflibrariesProblemmentionedSocial(74)▲PopularLibrary,(72)▲Library,MunicipalLibrary,ParishlibraryandModelPublicLibraryThepubliclibraryinunderdevelopedcountriesarenottakinga(73)▲roleintheirsociety·developing(75)▲trainingcourses,productiveworkshops,lecturesonvarioustopics,holidaysupplies,etc;·servingearlyschool-leavers(76)▲providingadequateequipmentandpersonneltotheirinformationneeds;·facilitatingandencouragingreadinginruralareas,actingasaneffectivetoolagainst(77)▲.·helpingthosewhoarenotusedtousingalibraryto(78)▲themostbenefitandsatisfactionoftheirreadings·(79)▲asan“InformationCenterforall”76.by根据文章中的servingmanypeoplewhohadtoleaveschoolearly(verytypicalofruralareas)byprovidingadequateequipmentandpersonneltotheirinformation71\nneeds可知；77.illiteracy根据文章中的facilitatingandencouragingreadinginruralareas,actingasaneffectivetoolagainstilliteracy,可知；78.gain/obtain/get/achieve根据文章中的attractingthemtoobtainmaximumbenefitandsatisfactionoftheirreadings可知；79.acting根据文章中的actingasan“InformationCenterforall”,butnota“Depositandaudiovisuallibrarymaterials;可知；80.supporting根据文章中的Thesocialrolesofthepubliclibrarywilldependmuchontheirstructure:Child,Youth,Adult,Senior,anditssystemoforganization可知。(B)“HEARTLESS”—it’snotusuallyawordyouwouldwanttousetodescribeaperson.ButhavinghisheartremovedwaswhatsavedCraigLewis’life—andwhatmadehimthefirstliving“heartless”man.The55-year-oldhadbeendyingofheartdisease.Hewastoldthatheonlyhad12hourstolive.ThatwaswhenBillyCohnandBudFrazier,twodoctorsfromtheTexasHeartInstitute,US,decidedtotrysomethingnew.TheyremovedLewisheartandreplaceditwithanartificial(人造的)one.Lessthanaweekaftertheoperation,Lewiswasabletositupinbedandspeaktohisfamily,accordingtoReuters.Lewiskeptonlivinglikeanormalperson,withonlyonedifference—hedidn’thaveaheartbeat.Thehumanheartusuallypumpsbloodthroughourbodiesbybeatingregularly.Bycontrast,thisartificialheartpushesthebloodforwardwithtwomovingblades(桨叶).IfyouweretotouchLewisorlistentohischest,youwouldnotfeelaheartbeat.IfyouhookedhimuptoanEKG(心电图)machine,thelinewouldbeflat.Scientistshavebeentryingtocreateaworkingartificialheartforyears.Manypeoplesufferfromseriousheartdiseaseandcannotgettransplants.Untilnow,allartificialheartseitherbrokedownorcausedblocksandinfections.Butafterfiveyearsofhardwork,DrCohnandDrFrazierdevelopedthisartificialheart.Itissmallerandquieterthanotherartificialheartsandcanlastmuchlonger.Theytestediton38calves(牛犊)andallofthemturnedoutenergeticandhealthy.Lewisisthefirsthumanproofthatthemachineisasuccess.Thedoctorswillhavetoworkmoreonthedeviceanddecideonafinaldesignbeforeitcanbewidelyused.TheUSFoodandDrugAdministrationwillalsoneedtosaythatthemachineissafe.Butthisartificialheartlookslikelytobringarayofhopetothousandsofpatients.LifeasaheartlessmanPassageoutlineSupportingdetailsA(71)▲inthehistoryofmedicine◆55-year-oldLewiswasonthe(72)▲ofdeath.Hewastoldthatheonlyhad12hourstolive.◆TwoAmericandoctorshadhisheart(73)▲andreplaceditwithanartificialone.ThatmadeLewisthefirstlivingheartlessman.71\nDifferingfromthehumanheart◆Lewis’newheartpushesthebloodforwardwithtwomovingblades.◆Hisheartrateisat(74)▲witha(75)▲lineonthescreenofanEKGmachine.(76)▲ofthisartificialheart◆Itissmarterandquieterthanotherartificialheartsandcanlastmuchlonger.◆Ithasn’tyetbrokendown.Norhasitgot(77)▲andinfected.Reasonsforbeing(78)▲aboutthisartificialheart◆Thedoctorswillhavetofurther(79)▲thedevicebeforeitismassivelyproduced.◆Yetthisartificialheartlookslikelytobringtheopportunityof(80)▲tothousandsofpatients.答案：71.wonder根据文章内容换掉心脏成功是奇迹；所以填wonder；72.edge根据文章中的The55-year-oldhadbeendyingofheartdisease.Hewastoldthatheonlyhad12hourstolive.(C)Whichisthebestcollegeoruniversityinthecountry?Thatalldependsonwhoyouask.Thereareseveralwell-respectedcollegerankingexpertsoutthere,buttheirnumberonepicksvarywildly,fromWestPointtoHarvardUniversity.Ifanyoneisusingtherankingsastheonlywaytodecide,thatiswrongfortherankings.Hereiswhatyouneedtoknowtouseeachofthemwellwhenconsideringcollegechoices.Themethodsvarywildly.U.S.News&WorldReportrankscollegesnationallyandbyregionandtype,solargenationaluniversities,likeHarvardandPrinceton,don’tappearonthesamelistsassmallerliberalartscolleges.Thecollegesthemselvesprovideinformationincludingreputationsurveys,admissionsdata,SATandACTscores,acceptancerates,facultysalaries,financialresources,classsize,andstudent-facultyratios.71\nFailuretofilloutasurveycompletely(orhavingthesurveycompletedbydifferentpeoplefromyeartoyear)canresultinachangeinrank.Rankingsaregenerallystableovertime.Forbes,whichstartedrankingcollegesin2022,doesnotdivideschoolsbysizeorregion.Instead,650schoolsarerankedforForbesbasedonstudentevaluationsonRateMyProfessor.com,thenumberofgraduateslistedinWho’sWhoinAmerica,salaryinformationforgraduatedfromPayscale.com,averagestudentloandebtanddefaultrates,andfour-yeargraduationrates,amongotherthings.ThePrincetonReviewoffersup62differentTop20listsinsteadofrankingschoolsinorderfrombesttoworst.Thedatacomesfromsurveying122,000studentsat376colleges,ThePrincetonReviewsaidinastatement,andtheirlistsofferrankingsoneverythingfromclasssize,politicalactivitytosociallife.Knowwhatyouwantinacollege.Beforeputtingmuchweightintoaschool’srank,it’simportantforstudentstodecidewhatthey’rereallylookingforinacollege—andtheyshouldn’twaituntilthelastminutetostarttheirsearch.Theyhavetodothehardhomeworkofunderstandingthecost,location,activities…listeningtopeople’sadviceaboutwherestudentsfromthathighschoolhavegotteninto.Considertheclassesanddegreesofferedbyeachcollege—dotheyfityourinterests?Whatisthecampuslike—doyouwantacitysettingoraclassic,tree-linedcourtyard?Ifyoucan,visitseveralschoolsandtalktostudents—whatteachingstyledotheinstructorshave,howaretheclassroomssetup?And,lastbutnotleast,takealookattuition,room,board,andfees,aswellastypicalfinancialaidpackages—whichschoolsareaffordableforyourfamily?Topuniversitiesinanyrankinglistareprobablythemostcompetitive.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatonlyasmallnumberofstudentscangetintothetop10.Studentsneedtoberealisticabouttheirqualifications,andunderstandthat,eveniftheyarequalified,theystillmightnotgetin.“Thetop10couldbedrawnfromthetopfivepercentofhighschoolstudentsorevenless.There’ssimplynoplacetoaccepteveryapplicant.Title:Howtousecollege(71)▲wiselyIntroductionUniversitiesarerankedwildly(72)▲ontoplists.Methodsofrankingcolleges·U.S.News&WorldReportbyregionandtypewithinformationprovidedbyeachcollege(73)▲.·Forbesbasedon(74)▲evaluations·ThePrincetonReviewbasedon(75)▲likeclasssize,politicalactivityandsociallifeInformationyouneedtoknowaboutcolleges·todohardhomeworkin(76)▲·toknowwellaboutcolleges71\n·to(77)▲yourowninterest.(78)▲togetintotopuniversitiesItishardforstudents,tobe(79)▲totopuniversities,whichdonothaveenough(80)▲foreveryapplicantevenqualifiedstudents.答案解析：71.rankings根据文章中的Ifanyoneisusingtherankingsastheonlywaytodecide,thatiswrongfortherankings.可知；72.differently根据文章中的theirnumberonepicksvarywildly,fromWestPointtoHarvardUniversity.可知；73.itself根据文章中的Thecollegesthemselvesprovideinformationincludingreputationsurveys,admissionsdata,SATandACTscores,acceptancerates,facultysalaries,financialresources,classsize,andstudent-facultyratios.可知；74.student/graduate/students’/graduates’根据文章中的Instead,650schoolsarerankedforForbesbasedonstudentevaluationsonRateMyProfessor.com,可知；75.everything根据文章中的PrincetonReviewsaidinastatement,andtheirlistsofferrankingsoneverythingfromclasssize,politicalactivitytosociallife.可知；76.advance根据文章中的Beforeputtingmuchweightintoaschool’srank,it’simportantforstudentstodecidewhatthey’rereallylookingforinacollege77.consider根据文章中的Considertheclassesanddegreesofferedbyeachcollege—dotheyfityourinterests?(D)Youwanttobeconfidentandfeelconfident,butwhatifyou'restartingwithlittleornoconfidence?Trueself-confidenceisn'tanovernightacquisition.Ittakesdedicationtorealizeyouareagoodhumanbeingthatisworthyofrespectandlove.RecognizeyourinsecuritiesWhatdoesthatvoiceinthebackofyourmindsay?Whydoyoufeeluncomfortableorashamedofyourself?Thiscouldbeanythingfromregretstofriendsatschoolornegativeexperience.Whateverismakingyoufeelunworthy,orashamed,identifyit,giveitaname,andwriteitdown.Youcanalsotearthesewrittenpiecestostartfeelingpositiveonthosepoints.GetridofinsecuritiesgraduallyEachdayyoushouldweakenit.There'snoquickfix.Gettotherootoftheproblem;focusonitandunderstandthatyouneedtoresolveeachissuebeforeyoucanmoveon.Checkifitisanoldpastemotionandifitisreallystillrelevantorapplicable71\ninyourlifetoday.Andthatdoesnotmeanyouhavetogetridofwhatevermakesyoufeelbad(manytimes,yousimplycan't).Youneedtolearntoacceptyourself,yourpast,yourcircumstancesastheyare,withoutnecessarilythinkingofthemas“bad”.IdentifyyoursuccessesEveryoneisgoodatsomething,sodiscoverthethingsatwhichyoudoextremelywell,thenfocusonyourtalents.Giveyourselfpermissiontobeproudofthem.Giveyourselfcreditforyoursuccesses.Inferiority(自卑)isastateofmindinwhichyou'vedeclaredyourselfavictim.Donotallowyourselftobevictimized.BePositiveAvoidself-pity,orthepityandsympathyofothers.Neverallowotherstomakeyoufeelinferior—theycanonlydosoifyouletthem.Ifyoucontinuetodislikeandlookdownuponyourself,othersaregoingtodoandbelievelikewise.Instead,speakpositivelyaboutyourself,aboutyourfuture,andaboutyourprogress.Donotbeafraidtoshowyourstrengthsandqualitiestoothers.Bydoingso,youstrengthenthoseideasinyourmindandencourageyourgrowthinapositivedirection.Apply“facialfeedbacktheory”Studiessurroundingwhat’scalledthe"facialfeedbacktheory"suggestthattheexpressionsonyourfacecanactuallyencourageyourbraintoexpresscertainemotions.Sobylookinginthemirrorandsmilingeveryday,youmightfeelhappierwithyourselfandmoreconfidentinthelongrun.HelpothersWhenyouknowyou’rehelpfultothepeoplearoundyou,andaremakingapositivedifferenceinotherpeople’slives(evenifit'sjustbeingkindertothepersonwhoservesyoucoffeeinthemorning),you'llknowthatyouareapositiveforceintheworld—whichwillboostyourselfconfidence.Now,dearfriends,willyouletconfidencekeepyoucompany?Beconfident,andaccomplishingyourgoalswillbejustaroundthecorner.Title:ThewaystobecomeconfidentSpecificwaysSupportingdetailsRecognizinginsecuritiesFindoutwhat(71)▲youuncomfortableorashamed，forgetitandfeelpositive.(72)▲insecuritiesgraduallyFindoutthe(73)▲ofproblems,resolvethemandlearntoaccept(74)▲youare.IdentifyingsuccessesFindoutyourtalents,takeprideinthemand(75)▲yourselfforyoursuccesses.Beingpositive·Speak(76)▲aboutyourself.·Don’tmakeyourself(77)▲byothers.Applying“facialfeedbacktheory”Lookinthemirrorandsmiletogainmore(78)▲.HelpingothersBeof(79)▲tothepeoplearoundyou.ConclusionConfidencehelpspeopleaccomplishgoalsandbecomeworthytobe(80)▲andloved.71\n答案解析：71.makes根据文章中的Whateverismakingyoufeelunworthy,orashamed,identifyit,giveitaname,andwriteitdown.可知；77.pitied/sympathized根据文章中的Avoidself-pity,orthepityandsympathyofothers.Neverallowotherstomakeyoufeelinferior—theycanonlydosoifyouletthem.可知；78.confidence根据文章中的Sobylookinginthemirrorandsmilingeveryday,youmightfeelhappierwithyourselfandmoreconfidentinthelongrun.可知；79.help根据文章中的Whenyouknowyou’rehelpfultothepeoplearoundyou,andaremakingapositivedifferenceinotherpeople’slives可知；80.respected根据文章中的第一段Trueself-confidenceisn'tanovernightacquisition.Ittakesdedicationtorealizeyouareagoodhumanbeingthatisworthyofrespectandlove.可知。江苏省苏州市高三教学调研测试英语Searchingforthetruth    Collectingandwritingnewsislikeresearchinginhistory:thebestinformationcomesfromthosewhowerethereatthetime.SoifwewanttostudythehistoryofChinainthesixthcenturyAD,welookatthewritingsofthepeoplewholivedthen.Theyarecalledtheprimarysourcesbecausetheytelluswhatitwasliketolivethen.Peopleatamuchlaterdatewhowriteaboutthesameeventsarecalledthesecondarysources.Forexample,whenwereadtheoriginalwritingsofJiaSixieonagriculture,wearereadingaprimarysource;whenwereadaboutJiaSixieinourtextbookwearereadingasecondarysourcebecausethepassagewaswrittenabouthimandhisideasmanyyearsafterhedied.    Whenwemakenewsweuseprimaryandsecondarysources.WecanseethismostclearlyinTVprogrammes.AswewatchthenewsonTV,thepersonpresentingtheprogrammeinthestudioisthesecondarysource(becausehetellsusaboutthe71\nnews)andthereporterinIraqorWashingtonistheprimarysource(becauseheistellingusaboutwhatisactuallyhappeningthere).Withoutthesereportersactingasprimarysources,youwouldneverfindoutwhatreallyhappenedinawar,earthquake,sportsmeeting,concertorfestival.Thesereportersexplainwhatishappeningsowehaveaclearerideaofwhatisgoingonthere.Theyoftentakephotographerswiththemwhoactasprimarysourcebygivingpicturesofevents.    Inanewspaperthepositionisdifferentbecausethesetworolesareoftencombined.Thismeansareporterwhoinvestigatesastorymaybethesamepersonwhowritesit.Ifthishappens,thereporterisboththeprimaryandthesecondarysource.Butthephotographerwhoworkswithhim/herisstillaprimarysource.    Oneofthereasonsthatitisimportanttoseparateprimaryandsecondarysourcesisthattheyhelpustodecidewhatisafactandwhatisanopinion.Afactissomethingthateverybodyagreeshashappened.Anopinionissomebody’sideaofwhathappened.Sofactsandopinionsareoftenmixedinanyreport,whetherinanewspaperoronTV.Whathaveyoulearntfromtheabovepassage?PrimarysourcePrimarysourcesarethewritingsofthepeoplewholivedat(71)_______timeandofferaninsideviewofaparticularevent.SecondarysourceSecondarysourcesarethewritingsofthepeoplewhowriteaboutthesameeventsatamuchlaterdatewithexplanationandanalysis(72)_______onprimarysources.NewsonTVTheTV(73)_______inthestudioisthesecondarysourcewhilethereporteronthe(74)_______istheprimarysource.NewsinanewspaperAnewspaperreportercanbebothprimaryandsecondarysourceifhecollectstheinformationandthen(75)_______thenews.Butthephotographer(76)_______withthereporterisalwaysaprimarysource.FactAfactissomethingthateverybodyagreeshashappened.In71\nother(77)_______,itissomethingthatis(78)_______.OpinionAnopinionissomebody’sideaofwhat(79)_______on.ConclusionPrimaryandsecondarysourcesarebothimportantfor(80)_______thetruth.答案:75.writes　76.working　根据第三段第二行“astorymaybethesamepersonwhowritesit”以及“Butthephotographerwhoworkswithhim/her”可知“whoworksmeansworking”。77.words　78.true　本题考查固定短语inotherwords换句话说,以及对inotherwords之前一句的理解,与整篇文章没有多大关联。79.went　根据最后一段“Anopinionissomebody’sideaofwhathappened,herehappenmeansgoon”发生,进行。80.discovering　根据对整篇文章的理解,无论是primarysource还是secondarysource都有利于发现事物的真相,因为“factsandopinionsareoftenmixedinanyreport”。江苏省南通市高三第二次调研测试 AtechnicalsecondaryschoolinNanjing,eastChina’sJiangsuprovince,plannedtoorderKorean-styleschooluniformsforstudents,butparentsopposedthemove,believingthatthenewuniformslookedtoogoodandwouldencourageearlyromancesamongthestudents,theJinlingEveningPaperreportedMonday.Parents71\n   “MydaughterwassoexcitedabouttheKorean-styleuniform,sayingit’sherdreamtowearmini-skirttoschooleveryday,”amomsurnamedChengcomplained.“Mydaughteralsocalledherclassmatestotalkabouthowhandsometheboyslookedintheuniform!”   ChenglookedontheInternetandfoundthatmostKoreanschoolboyuniformsaresimilartowesternsuits.“Theyaresohandsome!MydaughterisafanofKoreanfashion,that’swhysheiscrazyabouttheuniform!”Chengsaid.“Ifthestudentswearsuchbeautifuluniforms,howcantheystudywell?Ipreferthesportswearwhichmakesmethinkofhealthandpositivethinking.”School   “Theplantochangethecurrentschooluniformfromsportswearhasbeencancelled,”anemployeeoftheschooltoldtheJinlingEveningPaper.   “Thestudentsdislikethecurrentuniform,sotheschooltookadvicefromthestudentslastNovember,knowingthatmostofstudentspreferKorean-orJapanese-styleschooluniforms.WeknowcitieslikeShanghaiandGuangzhouhavechangedtheirsportswearschooluniformstomorefashionableuniforms,”anemployeesurnamedLinsaid.   “However,wehadtostoptheplanbecausemanyparentsarestronglyagainstit.Someparentsthinkit’sjustawayfortheschooltomakemoney,andothersthinkthenewuniformswilltakestudents’attentionawayfromtheirstudies,”Linsaid.   Whenaskedaboutthepossibilityofproblemswithearlyromancebetweenstudentsbecauseofthemorefashionableuniforms,Linsaidhehadn’tconsideredit.He,however,agreedthattheKorean-styleuniformmakesthestudentsmorecharming.Students   Thestudentsareverydisappointedabouttheschool’sfinaldecision.Theythinkthesportswearuniformsmakethemlookandrogynous(难分性别).71\n   TheysaidtheKorean-styleuniformhasmanyadvantagessuchasraisinginterestinclass;liftingconfidence;improvingsolidarityandcreatinggoodtemperaments.   Asforconcernsaboutromance,thestudentsbelievethatloveisloveandbearsnorelationshiptotheuniform.Educationdepartment   “Wedon’thaveaunified(统一的)standardforschooluniforms.Theschoolscanchoosetheirownstyles.Eithersportswearoruniformsareok,”anofficialfromtheNanjingBureauofEducationsaid.TitleDoprettyschooluniformsleadtoearlyromance?EventAtechnicalsecondaryschoolplannedtoorderKorean-styleschooluniformsforstudents.Different(1)      toitParentsarestrongly(2)     themove.●Withsuchbeautifuldesigns,thenewuniformsmight(3)      earlyromancesbetweenboysandgirls.●Inthenewuniforms,studentswouldfailtofoceustheir(4)      ontheirstudies.●Itisjustawayfortheschooltomakemoney.Studentsarein(5)       ofthemove.●    Thesportswearuniformsmakethemlookandrogynous.●    Korean-styleuniformcanmakethemmore(6)     andmoreinterestedinclassaswellasimprovingsolidarityandcreatinggoodtemperaments.TworesponsesFromtheschool●    Thestudentsdislikethecurrentuniform.●    More(7)      schooluniformsareallowedinsomebigcitiesinChina.71\n●    TheschoolspokesmanLinsaidtheyhadn'ttakenthepossibilityofearlyromanceinto(8)       ,thoughheagreedtheKorean-styleuniformwouldmakethestudentsmorecharming.FromtheeducationdepartmentThereisnounifiedstandardforschooluniforms,sotheschoolscanchoosetheirownstyles.ResultTheschoolhadto(9)      theplanandthestudentsfelt(10)    ____.【文章大意】本文主要是讲南京某中学计划为学生定购韩国风格的校服而引发的争论，家长坚决反对，最终学校不得不放弃，学生感到很失望。(6)confident71\n解析:根据第九段中“suchasraisinginterestinclass；liftingconfidence”可得关键词confidence，而此处应用形容词比较级moreconfident。(7)fashionable解析:根据第五段最后一句“…tomorefashionableuniforms”可知。(8)consideration／account 解析:根据第七段中“Linsaidhehadn’tconsideredit”可得consider，而此处需转换成takesomethingintoconsideration表示把……考虑在内。(9)cancel／stop解析:根据文章第六段第一句“wehadtostoptheplan”可知。(10)disappointeD解析:根据文章第八段第一句“Thestudentsareverydisappointedabout”可知。2022江苏省淮安市模拟测试IntheUnitedStates,engineeringisaprofessionthathasbeendominatedhistoricallybymen.Eventoday,it'sstilltruethatfewwomenbecomecivilorchemicalormechanicalengineers,butthat'ssomethingwww.EngineerGirl.orgaimstochange.Youngwomenwhovisitthewebsitecanfindoutaboutagreatcareerchoicetheymightnothaveconsidered."Womenareverymuchunderrepresentedinengineeringandinengineeringeducationprogramsandthenofcourse,downtheroad,intheengineeringworkforce.Soonlyabout20percentofengineeringundergraduatedegreesgotowomen,andthenonlyaboutninepercentofworkingengineersarewomen."MaryMattisistheNationalAcademyofEngineering,saystheEngineerGirlwebsiteaimstoreachyoungwomenaroundages11through14,whentheyarejustgettingoldenoughtostartthinkingabouttheirfutures."Weknowfromtheresearchthatmiddle-schoolgirlsareatacriticalpointintheirlives,andthatit'satimewhenweneedtoreachthem,bothwithanunderstanding,increasingtheirawarenessofinterestingfieldsinengineering,whatawonderfulproductiveandexcitingcareeryoucanhaveasanengineer.Butwealsoneedtoreachthematthattimebecauseyouhavetotakecertaincourses,andyoucan'tstartthinkingabouttakingthosecourseswhenyou'reajuniorinhighschool."71\nEngineeringisademandingcourseofstudy-thereisalotofscienceandmathematics,andformanygirls-andboys,forthatmatter-thatcanbeintimidating.ButMs.MattissaysthattheEngineerGirlwebsitestressesthatengineeringcanalsobefunandexciting."It'saboutdesigningthings.It'saboutchangingtheworldforpeople.It'saboutmakingadifference.And,inaddition,youcanmakeagoodliving,youcanbeindependenteconomicallybybecominganengineer.Allofthosethingsaremessagesthatgirlsneedtoget."Whilemostengineersgointotraditionalfieldssuchasmechanicalandelectricalengineering,theEngineerGirlsitealsohighlightsunusualengineeringcareersinfieldssuchassportsengineeringand-believeitornot-chocolateengineering."There'sasectioncalled'whybeanengineer,'andthattalksaboutthemanyopportunitiesandincreasinglydifferentopportunitieslikewithbio-engineeringandenvironmentalengineering,somefieldsthatmightappealtogirlswhowanttomakeadifferenceorhaveameaningfortheircareersbeyondearninganincome."Evenifyouarenotagirlinthetargetagegroup,there'salotofinterestinginformationonthesite,includingbiographiesofsomenotablewomenengineers.TitleWebsiteEncouragesGirlsto(71)______EngineeringPresentsituationfortheengineeringprofessioninmeUSAThemajorityofmentakeuptheprofessionthroughout(72)______,whileonlyasmallnumberofwomenworkas(73)______.(74)_____ofthewebsiteTomakeyoungwomen(75)_____ofinterestingfieldsinengineeringandwhatproductivityand(76)_____thecareerofbeingengineerscanbringthem.71\n(77)_____ofbeingengineers*Itcanbefunandexciting.*Itcan(78)_____theworldforpeople.*Youcanmakeagoodliving.*Youcangaineconomic(79)_____bybecominganengineer.OtherfieldsconcerningengineeringVariousopportunitiesaretalkedaboutlikewithbio-engineeringandengineeringrelatedtosports,(80)_____andevenchocolate.71.Study/Learn根据文章中心内容可知，该网站鼓励女性学习工程业。72.history根据第一段的第一句话“IntheUnitedStates,engineeringisaprofessionthathasbeendominatedhistoricallybymen.”可知。73.engineers根据文章第一句可知。74.Purpose/Aim/Goal/Intention根据第三段可知。75.aware根据第四段第一句“increasingtheirawarenessofinterestingfieldsinengineering”可知。76.excitement根据第四段第一句“whatawonderfulproductiveandexcitingcareeryoucanhaveasanengineer.”可知。江苏省苏、锡、常、镇高三教学情况调查（一）请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填上一个最恰当的单词。    Oh,thethingsthatIshouldseeifIhadthepowerofsightforjustthreedays!    Thefirstdaywouldbeabusyone.Ishouldcalltomeallmydearfriendsandlooklongintotheirfaces,imprinting(刻上)uponmymindtheoutwardevidencesofthebeautythatiswithinthem.Ishouldletmyeyesrest,too,onthefaceof71\nababy,sothatIcouldcatchavisionoftheeager,innocentbeautywhichprecedestheindividual’sconsciousnessoftheconflictswhichlifedevelops.    AndIshouldliketolookintotheloyal,trustingeyesofmydogs—theserious,cleverlittleScottie,Darkie,andthestrong,understandingGreatDane,Helga,whosewarm,tender,andplayfulfriendshipsaresocomfortingtome.    OnthatbusyfirstdayIshouldalsoviewthesmallsimplethingsofmyhome.Iwanttoseethewarmcolorsinthecarpetsundermyfeet,thepicturesonthewalls,thelovelysmallfurniturethattransformsahouseintohome.Myeyeswouldrestrespectfullyonthebooksindot-raisedtypewhichIhaveread,buttheywouldbemoreeagerlyinterestedintheprintedbookswhichseeingpeoplecanread,forduringthelongnightofmylifethebooksIhavereadandthosewhichhavebeenreadtomehavebuiltthemselvesintoagreatshininglighthouse,showingmethedeepestchannelsofhumanlifeandthehumanspirit.    Intheafternoonofthatfirstseeingday,Ishouldtakealongwalkinthewoodsandintoxicate(使陶醉)myeyesonthebeautiesoftheworldofNaturetryingdesperatelytoabsorbinafewhoursthevastbrilliancewhichispresentingitselftothosewhocansee.Onthewayhomefrommywoodlandtrip,mypathwouldlieclosetoafarmsothatImightseethepatienthorsesploughinginthefieldandthepeacefulcontentofmenlivingclosetothesoil.AndIshouldprayforthegloryofacolorfulsunset.    Whenduskhadfallen,IshouldexperiencethedoubledelightofbeingabletoseebyartificiallightwhichthegeniusofmanhascreatedtoextendthepowerofhissightwhenNaturebringsdarkness.    Inthenightofthatfirstdayofsight,Ishouldnotbeabletosleep,sofullwouldbemymindofthememoriesoftheday!(byHelenKeller)ThefirstdaywhatHelenKellerwoulddo(71)_______giventhreedaystoseeInthemorning●Looklongintothefacesofallherdearfriendssothatshewouldnever(72)_______theevidencesoftheirbeauty.71\n●Catchavisionoftheeager,innocentbeautyofababybyrestinghereyesonhisface.●Lookintotheloyal,trustingeyesofher(73)_______.●Viewthesmallsimplethingsofherhomesuchaswarmcolors,pictures,trifles.●Fixhereyeswith(74)_______onthebooksinraisedtypeshehasreadandtheprintedbooksforseeingpeoplewithinterest.Intheafternoon●(75)_______inthewoods,intoxicatehereyesonthebeautiesoftheworldofNatureandabsorbinafewhoursthevastbrillianceoftheworld.●Walk(76)_______afarm,seethepatienthorsesploughinginthefieldandthepeacefulcontentofmenlivingclosetothesoil.●Prayforthegloryofacolorfulsunset.Inthe(77)_____Experiencethedoubledelightofbeingabletosee,(78)_______byman-madelight.Atnight(79)_______tosleep,sofullwouldbehermindofthememoriesoftheday!Fromthepassageweknowinspiteofher(80)_______,HelenKellerwasstillfullofloveforlife. 答案:71\n71.if　参照文章第一句“...ifIhadthepowerofsightforjustthreedays!”第四部分：任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）Onmyfirstjobassportseditorfor"LeaderEnterprise",Ididn'tgetalotoffanmail,soIwasattractedbyaletterthatwasdroppedonmydeskonemorning.WhenIopenedit,Iread:"Anicepieceofwritingonthe"Tigers".Keepupthegoodwork."ItwassignedbyDonWolfe,thesportseditor.BecauseIwasateenager,hiswordscouldn'thavebeenmoreinspiring.Ikepttheletterinmydeskdrawer.WheneverIdoubtedwhetherIhadthetalenttobeawriter,IwouldrereadDon'sletterandfeelconfidentagain.Later,whenIgottoknowhim,IlearnedthatDonmadeahabitofwritingafewquick,encouragingwordstopeopleinallwalksoflife."WhenImakeothersfeelgoodaboutthem-selves,"hetoldme,"Ifeelgoodtoo."Overtheyears,I'vetriedtocopytheexampleofDon,becauseIthinktheyareontosomethingimportant.Suchlettersbringwarmth.Afewlinesofpraisehavebeenknowntoturnaroundaday,evenalife.Why,then,aretherefewsuchletterwriters?Myguessisthatthey'reafraidthey'llbemisunderstood,andsoundinsincere.Also,writingtakestime;it'sfareasiertopickupthephone.71\nEventhoughletterwritingmaytakelonger,someprettybusypeopledoit,includingGeorgeBush,whoowesmuchofhissuccessinpoliticstohisever-readypen.How?Throughouthiscareerhehasfollowedupeverycontactwithalineofpraiseorthanks.Hislettersgonotonlytofriendsandcolleagues,buttocasualacquaintancesandtotalstrangers.Eventopmanagershavebeguntolearnthelesson,andearnthebenefitsofwritinglettersthatliftpeopleup.FormerFordchairmanDonaldPeterson,whowaslargelyresponsibleforimprovingthebusinessofthecompanyinthe1980s,madeitapracticetowritepositivemessagestocolleagueseveryday.Whatdoesittaketowritelettersthatliftspiritsandwarmhearts?ThemostsuccessfulpeopleincludewhatIcallthefour"S's"ofletterwriting.Theyaresincere.Noonewantsfalsepraise.Theyareusuallyshort.Saywhatyouwanttodointhreesentences.Theyarespecific.Praisingabusinesscolleaguebytellinghim"goodspeech"istoovague;"greatstoryaboutWarrenBuffet'sinvestmentstrategy"isprecise.Theyarespontaneous（自发的）.Thisgivesthemthefreshnessandenthusiasmthatwillstayinthereader'smindlongafterward.Thethoughtcounts.Pleasekeeppaper,envelopesandstampscloseathand,evenwhenyoutravel.Begenerouswithyourpraise.Evenifyourpraiseisalittleaheadofreality,rememberthatexpectationsareoftentheparentsofdreamsfulfilled.TodayIgotawarmletterfrommyoldboss.Hislittlelettertomewasfullofupliftingphrases,anditsentmetomycomputertowriteafewoverduelettersofmyown.Idon'tknowiftheywillmakeanybodyelse'sday,buttheymademine.AsmyfriendDonWolfesaid,makingothersfeelgoodaboutthemselvesmakesmefeelgoodtoo.ThePowerofaLetterExamplesAdvantagesDonWolfeToencourageothersandmakethemaswellas71．____feelgoodGeorgeBushTokeep72．____withotherstomakehis73．____careersuccessfulDonaldPetersonTochangethecompanyforthe74．____71\nThewriter'sold75．____Towarmthewriter'sheartandsendhimtowritetoothers76．____canwewriteencouragingletterswell?Praiseshouldbesincere,not77．____.Praiseshouldbeshort,notlong.Praiseshouldbe78．____,notvague.Praiseshouldbespontaneous,notunnatural.Peopleshouldbe79．____topraiseothers.Peopleshouldbewellpreparedby80．____paper,envelopesandstampscloseathand.71．himself72．contact73．political74．better75．boss76．How77．false/insincere78．specific/precise79．generous80．keeping（南京市2022届高三第二次模拟考试）Americanlifebefore1950feltnothinglikeAmericanlifefeelsnow,andabigreasonisthosethreechangesthattookplaceinthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury,whichhashadthemostlastingimpactonourlivestoday.1.Thebuildingoftheinterstates(州际公路).2.ThecoveringoftheUnitedStateswithcoast-to-coasttelevision.3.TheintroductionandspreadoftheInternet.Beforetheinterstateswereconstructed,evenatripwithinanindividualstateoftentookconsiderableplanning;two-laneroads,dangerousandslow,werecommon.Theinterstates,toredowntheinvisiblewallsaroundU.S.towns.PresidentEisenhowerwasinfavorofbuildingtheinterstates,becausehebelievedthat,inatimeofwar,theywouldbehelpfulinmovingtroopsandsupplies.ButtheirimmediateeffectwastomakeAmericansfeelthatcertaindoorshadbeenunlocked.Withthein1erstatescameasenseoffreedom:Apersoncoulddriveanywhere-everywhere-easily.Suddenly,horizonswereunlimited.''Local''didn’tmeanquitethesamethingitusedto.Gettingawaywaseffortless.Theintroductionofnationaltelevisionmeantthatforthefirsttimeinhistory,peopleineverycornerofthecountrywerewatchingexactlythesamethingatexactlythesamemoment.Itconnectedthecountry,inawaythatevennetworkradiohadn'taccomplished,anditwasbecauseofthequalityoftheTVpictures.Aswiththeinterstates,coast-to-coasttelevisionwasacuretoseparation.Thosewhoranthenewlyformedtelevisionnetworkshadanenormousamountofpower.Theirdecisionsaboutwhattoputontheairdeterminedwhatpeoplewouldbetalkingaboutthenextday.Theycontrolledwhatpeoplewouldlaughatandwhen,whatpeoplewouldcryoverandwhen,whatwouldangerpeopleandwhenitwouldangerthem.Andthen,laterinthecentury,theInternetcamealongerasingallsymbolicborders.Iftheinterstatehighwayshadallowedphysicalfreedom,theInternetallowedadifferentkindoffreedom,oneunprecedented(空前的)inhumanexperience.Itwasnocoincidencethatitwasinitiallyreferredtoastheinformationsuperhighway:Seeminglyovernight,theknowledgeoftheworldwasavailabletoanyonewithakeyboardandamodem;peoplewhohadnevermetandwouldnevermeetcouldcommunicateasiftheywerelifelongfriends.Nowtheindividualathisorhercomputerterminalwasgiventhepowertodecidehowheorshewouldbeinformedorentertainedatagivenmoment.Nooneelsehadtheabsoluteauthoritytoarrangetheindividual’slife;heorshemadethatdecision,momentbymoment.Whatinthe71\npastmighthavetakenapersonalifetime-searchingformankind'srecordedwisdomindistantandmagnificentlibraries—now,intheory,wasavailablewithaseriesofkeytapsfromone’sroom.Whathadonceseemedunbelievablehad,veryquickly,becomeroutine.Thethreedevelopmentsendedupchangingourdailyworldgreatly;largelybecauseofthem,itisaworldthatwouldbealmostunrecognizabletoourgrandparentsandgreat-grandparents.Threedevelopmentsthathave71.__▲__AmericaTheInternetTelevisionTheinterstatesBeingcalledthe77.__▲__superhighwayPuttingan72.__▲__totheprevioustravelingsituationBringingallAmericanstogethertosharethe75.__▲__programsMaking78.__▲__withstrangerspossibleConnectingallpeopleoftheU.S.KeepingtheU.S.towns73.__▲__76.__▲__people’sdailytopicsandcontrollingtheiremotionsMakingiteasyto74.__▲__Allowingpeopletomake79.__▲__freelyMakinginformation80.__▲__topeopleanytimeandanywhere71.changed72.end73.connected/linked/joined74.drive/travel75.same76.Determining/Deciding77.information78.communication79.decisions/choices80.available/accessible任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡相应题号的横线上。Haveyoueverwonderedwhytherearesomanyskincoloursintheworld?Doyouknowwhypeoplelivinginparticularareasusuallyhaveacertaincolour?Biology71\nandhistoryarethetworeasonsforthis.Skincontainssomethingcalledmelanin,whichdeterminesaperson’sskincolour.Themoremelaninapersonhas,thedarkerhisorherskinwillbe.Theamountofandproductionofmelaninarecontrolledbygenetics,butcanbeaffectedbyotherthings,suchassunlight.Ifapersonlivesinaplacewithstrongsunlight,hisorherskinwillprotectitselfbyproducingmoremelanin,makingtheskindarker.Inaplacewithlesssunlight,aperson’sbodywillproducelessmelanin,makingtheskinlighter.Skincolourisalsoaffectedbyanothersource—vitaminD.HumansallneedvitaminDtobuildbones.Peoplecangetitbyeatingfoodssuchasfishandmilk,orfromsunlight,whichcausesvitaminproductionintheskin.Melaninprotectsskinbyabsorbingsunlight,sosunlightabsorbedbymelanincannotbeusedforvitaminDproduction.Therefore,adark-skinnedpersonwillproducelessvitaminDthanalight-skinnedpersonwhentheyreceivedthesameamountofsunlight.TheconnectionbetweenvitaminDproductionandskincolourisclearwhenwelookatevolution.TheearliesthumanslivedinAfrica,theirdarkskincoveredwithhair.Whentheymovedtoplacesthathadlesssunlight,theirbodiesproducedlessvitaminDbecauseoftheirdarkskin.Asaresult,theirskinmadelessmelanin,sotheycouldgetenoughsunlighttoproducevitaminD.theirskingraduallygotlighterandtheylosthair.Now,peoplewholiveinareaswithstrongsunlight,likeAfrica,havedarkerskin,whilepeoplelivinginotherareashavelighterskin.TheexceptiontothisistheInuit,wholiveinaplacewithlittlesunlight,buthavedarkskinbecausetheyeatalotoffishandhaveenoughvitaminD.Evolutionhasgivenusarainbowofskincolours.Humanshavealwayshadmelanintodetermineourskincolour.Whathaschangedthroughhistoryistheenvironmentwherewehavelived.Thishasinturnchangedourmelaninproduction,andeventually,skincolour.AWorldofSkinColour71\nBrief(71)▲Peoplelivinginaparticular(72)▲usuallyhavethesameskincolourandtherearemanydifferentskincoloursintheworld.ReasonsforskincolourThereasonsfordifferentskincoloursmainly(73)▲inbiologyandhistory.BiologicalreasonslTheamountofmelanin,bywhichaperson’sskincolouris(74)▲,variesfrompeopletopeople.Themoremelaninapersonhas,the(75)▲hisorherskinwillbe.lVitaminDisanothersource(76)▲skincolour.VitaminDisnecessaryforhumanstobuildbones.SunlightcontributestovitaminDproductionintheskin.HistoricalreasonslTheearliestpeopleinAfricahaddarkskinwithhaircoveringitbecausethesunlightisverystrong..lWhentheymovedtoplaceswheretheycouldnotgetenoughsunlightto(77)▲vitaminD,theirskincolourbecamelighter.lGenerallyspeaking,peopleinareaswithstrongsunlight,havedarkerskin(78)▲peopleinotherareashavelighterskin.(79)▲Melanin(80)▲animportantroleinourskincolour.Withourlivingenvironmentchanging,melaninproductionischanged,whichleadstothechangesinourskincolour.文章大意：文章主要介绍了关于人类不同的肤色是由于生理和历史两方面的原因。71.introduction第一段主要结合生理和历史两方面的原因简短介绍了人类肤色不同的原因。71\n77.produce根据第四段的第三句Whentheymovedtoplacesthathadlesssunlight,theirbodiesproducedlessvitaminDbecauseoftheirdarkskin.可知。78.while根据第四段的peoplewholiveinareaswithstrongsunlight,likeAfrica,havedarkerskin,whilepeoplelivinginotherareashavelighterskin.可知。79.Conclusion/Summary根据文章最后一段是对引起皮肤不同原因的总结。80.plays根据文章最后一段是对引起皮肤不同原因的总结。其中melanin起了十分重要的作用。【一年原创】原创试题及其解析任务型读写(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意：每空格1个单词。Thosewholiketoplaywithwordsareclever,orconsiderthemselvesclever.Playingwithwordsintrademarkregistration,however,mightbringyoutroubleorevenalawsuit(起诉).USbasketballstarMichaelJordanfiledalawsuitagainstChinesecompanyQiaodanSportslastweekforunauthorizeduseofhisname.Thecompanydeniedtheaccusation.“WejustuseaChinesetranslationofacommonforeignfamilynameanditcannotbeidentifiedwithMichaelJordan,”saidHouLidong,thecompany’spublicrelationsmanager.Jordanandhislawyerarewaitingforthecourt’sreply.ButexpertshavesaidJordan’slawsuitmaybedifficulttowin.China’slawstatesthatatrademark“shallnotconflictwithanypreviousrightacquiredbyanotherperson.”The“firsttouse”isagloballyrecognizedprinciple.71\nInthissense,QiaodanSports’useofthenameislegalinChina.ButtheChinesecompany’sactionsmayformanactofunfaircompetition,saidFuMinrong,alawyerofXinwenhuaLawFirminShanghai,becausecompanyprofitsfrommakingconnectionsbetweenitsbrandandMichaelJordan.AmarketinginstitutebasedinShanghaisurveyed400youngpeoplein2022.About90%oftherespondentsthoughtQiaodanSportsbelongstoMichaelJordan,theBeijingDailyreported.EvenifJordanlosesthelawsuit,ChinesebrandssuchasQiaodanarenotwinnerseither.ThecasereflectsabigproblemforChinesebrands—copycatting(盲目模仿),commentedtheBeijingBusinessToday.CriticspointoutthatQiaodanSports’reputationandsaleswouldreceiveabigblow,ascustomersareunwillingtobereferredtoascommonbuyersofcopycatgoods.Trademarkpreemptive(抢先的)registrationisaglobalissue.Insomecases,itevenhasbecomeatoolofbusinesscompetition.ShaolinTemple,forinstance,foundin2022thatmorethan1,000brandscontaining“Shaolin”hadbeenregisteredwithouttheapprovalofthetempleintheUS,JapanandEurope.Todealwiththat,thetemplesetuptheHenanShaolinTempleIndustrialDevelopmentCo,toprotectthetemple’sintellectualpropertyrights,Xinhuanewsagencyreported.Thecompanyhasregisteredabout100Shaolin-relatedbrandsinChinaandhasappliedtoregister“Shaolin”brandsinover100countries,Xinhuasaid.Companieswithaglobalvisionarefullyawareoftheimportanceoftrademarks.AlthoughFacebookisinaccessibleontheChinesemainland,ithasregisteredtwoChinesetrademarksin2022andanEnglishtrademarkin2022.Title:BrandnamebattlesOutlineSupportingDetailsAtrademarkbattle◆USbasketballstarMichaelJordantookChinesecompanyQiaodanSportsto(71)▲.◆ThecompanyinsiststheyjustuseaChinesetranslationofacommonforeignfamilynameandithas(72)▲todowithMichaelJordan.Different(73)▲tothelawsuit◆ExpertssaythatQiaodanSports’useofthenameislegalinChina.It(74)▲toChina’slawandprinciple.◆AlawyerinShanghaisaysthatanactofunfaircompetitionarises,becauseQiaodanSportsbenefitsfromMichaelJordan(75)▲.No(76)▲◆ExpertsthinkthatJordan’slawsuitmaybedifficulttowin.◆QiaodanSports’reputationandsaleswouldberuinedduetocustomers’unwillingnesstobe(77)▲commonbuyersofcopycatgoods.Thecausesoftrademarklawsuitsand◆Copycatting,whichisabigproblemforChinesebrands◆(79)▲trademarkspreemptively,whichisaglobalissue◆Havingaglobalvisionandraisingthe(80)▲of71\n(78)▲tothemtrademarks◆Beinggoodatprotectingintellectualpropertyrights答案：任务型读写(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意：每空格1个单词。Hostfamilyaccommodation,orlivingwithhostfamilies,remainspopularamonglanguagetravelstudentsforitsadvantages.Thesedays,hostfamiliesaretryingtooffermoreintermsofquality,fortheystillhavesomethingtoworryabout.  Hostfamilyaccommodationisoftenseenasthenumber-onechoiceforitsadvantagesinlanguagestudy,culturalcommunicationandcostofliving.Stayingalongsidehostfamiliesenablesstudentstogetenoughpracticefortheshorttimeoftheirstudyingsothattheirlanguageacquisitionislikelytobecomefaster.Livinginhostfamiliesalsohastheadvantageforstudentsofbeingabletospendalotoftimecommunicatingwiththeir“hostparents”,andgettoknowthelocalwayoflife,peopleandculture.Anotheradvantageisthathostfamilyaccommodationcansometimesbetheleastexpensive.Itattractsstudentsforitensuresthemafamilytypeoflivingatalowcost.  Theadvantages,however,havenotpreventedhostfamiliesfromworrying.On71\nonehand,somehostfamiliesarelosingtheiruniquesellingpoint.Theproblemisthatthemajorityofhostsinbigcites,nowgenerallysingleandyoung,havelesstimesavailableforstudentsbutthesellingpointforhostfamilyaccommodationiscommunicationpractice.Onetheotherhand,students’expectationshaverisen.Theyarebecomingmoredemandingandaskingformorethaneverfromtheiraccommodation,astheycomemainlyfromhighsocio-economicgroupsintheirowncountries.   Togetoutofthedifficultsituation,hostfamiliesarenowmakingeffortstoimprovethequalityofservice.Theyaretryingtomakinglivingconditionsbetter,includingbroadbandInternetservice,privatebathroom,andaccesstoplentyofhotwaterforlongshowers.Theyarealsoprovidingstudentswithstructuredfamilyactivities.  Itisbelievedthathostfamilyaccommodationwillkeepthepopularityvotewithlanguagetravelstudents.Title:76.Hostfamily_________ThemeHostfamiliesareimprovingtheaccommodationquality 77._________1）Languagestudy78._________becomingfaster2）Culturalcommunication(1)79._________withhosts(2)Knowingthelocalwayoflife,peopleandculture3）80.__________oflivingBeingleastexpensivesometimes81._________1）LossofsellingpointHosts’havinglesstimeforstudents2）82._________inexpectationsStudents’becomingmoredemanding83._________Servicequalityimprovement(1)84.__________livingconditions(2)Organizingstructuredfamilyactivities85._________Hostfamilyaccommodationwillkeepthepopularityvotewith71\nstudents.76．accommodation这是对全文的概括，文章第一段第一句话就给了提示信息。其中，关键词是accommodation.77．Advantages.根据第二段内容，尤其是第一句：foritsadvantagesinlanguagestudy,culturalcommunicationandcostofliving.再根据该题（表格）右边所对应的三点。其中，关键词是advantages.82．Rise根据表格中该题右边的已知信息及第三段倒数第二句中students’expectationshaverisen.其中，关键词是risen.83．Efforts\Measures.根据该题表格右边的已知信息及第四段的内容尤其是该段第一句。其中，关键词是efforts.84.Bettering根据该题表格左边的已知信息及第四段第二句。其中，关键词是better.（bettering的形式根据该题下面的第（2）点已知信息organizing）.85.Conclusion根据全文的意义及最后一句。Therearetwotypesofpeopleintheworld.Althoughtheyhaveequaldegreeofhealthandwealthandothercomfortsoflife,onebecomeshappy,theotherbecomesunhappy.Thisarisesfromthedifferentwaysinwhichtheyconsiderthings,persons,eventsandtheresultingeffectsupontheirminds.    Peoplewhoaretobehappyfixtheirattentionontheconvenienceofthings.Thepleasantpartsofconversation,thewellprepareddishes,thegoodnessofthewine,thefineweather.Theyenjoyallthecheerfulthings.Thosewhoaretobe71\nunhappythinkandspeakonlyoftheoppositethings.Therefore,theyarecontinuallydissatisfied.Bytheirremarks,theysourthepleasureofsociety,offend(hurt)manypeople,andmakethemselvesdisagreeableeverywhere.Ifthisturnofmindwasfoundedinnaturesuchunhappypersonswouldbethemoretobepitied.Theintentionofcriticizingandbeingdislikedisperhapstakenupbyimitation（仿效）.Itgrowsintoahabit,unknowntoitspossessors.Thehabitmaybestrong,butitmaybecuredwhenthosewhohaveitrealizeitsbadeffectsontheirinterestsandtastes.Ihopethislittlewarningmaybeofservicetothem,andhelpthemchangethishabit.   Althoughinfactitischieflyanactoftheimagination,ithasseriousresultsinlifesinceitbringsondeepsorrowandbadluck.Thosepeopleoffendmanyothers;nobodylovesthem,andnoonetreatsthemwithmorethanthemostcommonpolitenessandrespect.Thisfrequentlyputstheminbadtemperanddrawsthemintoarguments.Iftheyaimatgettingsomeadvantagesinsocialpositionorfortune,nobodywishesthemsuccess.Norwillanyonestartasteporspeakawordtofavortheirhopes.Iftheybringonthemselvespublicobjections,noonewilldefendorexcusethem,andmanywilljointocriticizetheirwrongdoings.Theseshouldchangethisbadhabitandbepleasedwithwhatispleasing,withoutworryingneedlesslyaboutthemselvesandothers.Iftheydonot,itwillbegoodforotherstoavoidanycontact（联系）withthem.Otherwise,itcanbedisagreeableandsometimesveryinconvenient,especiallywhenonebecomesmixedupintheirquarrels.HappyandunhappypeopleDifferenttypesofpeopleOnetype:fixingtheirattentiononthe(1)_______ofthings.Theothertype:thinkingandspeakingonlyofthe(2)_______things.Whythereistheintentionofcriticizingandbeingdisliked?It’stakenupby(3)_______.What’stheresultofthebadhabit?Itbringsondeepsorrowand(4)______.71\nWhencanpeoplecurethebadhabit?whenpeoplerealizeitsbadeffectsontheirinterestsand(5)_______.Whatwillhappeniftheyaimatgettingsomeadvantagesin(6)_____orfortune?Nobodywishesthem(7)_______.Whatwillhappeniftheybringonthemselvespublic(8)_______?Noonewill(9)_______orexcusethem.Manywilljointocriticizetheir(10)_____. 71\n（3）来自原句“Theintentionofcriticizingandbeingdislikedisperhapstakenupbyimitation,”所以用imitation。Hostfamilyaccommodation,orlivingwithhostfamilies,remainspopularamonglanguagetravelstudentsforitsadvantages.Thesedays,hostfamiliesaretryingtooffermoreintermsofquality,fortheystillhavesomethingtoworryabout.  Hostfamilyaccommodationisoftenseenasthenumber-onechoiceforitsadvantagesinlanguagestudy,culturalcommunicationandcostofliving.Stayingalongsidehostfamiliesenablesstudentstogetenoughpracticefortheshorttimeoftheirstudyingsothattheirlanguageacquisitionislikelytobecomefaster.Livinginhostfamiliesalsohastheadvantageforstudentsofbeingabletospendalotoftimecommunicatingwiththeir“hostparents”,andgettoknowthelocalwayoflife,peopleandculture.Anotheradvantageisthathostfamilyaccommodationcansometimesbetheleastexpensive.Itattractsstudentsforitensuresthemafamilytypeoflivingatalowcost.  Theadvantages,however,havenotpreventedhostfamiliesfromworrying.Ononehand,somehostfamiliesarelosingtheiruniquesellingpoint.Theproblemis71\nthatthemajorityofhostsinbigcites,nowgenerallysingleandyoung,havelesstimesavailableforstudentsbutthesellingpointforhostfamilyaccommodationiscommunicationpractice.Onetheotherhand,students’expectationshaverisen.Theyarebecomingmoredemandingandaskingformorethaneverfromtheiraccommodation,astheycomemainlyfromhighsocio-economicgroupsintheirowncountries.   Togetoutofthedifficultsituation,hostfamiliesarenowmakingeffortstoimprovethequalityofservice.Theyaretryingtomakinglivingconditionsbetter,includingbroadbandInternetservice,privatebathroom,andaccesstoplentyofhotwaterforlongshowers.Theyarealsoprovidingstudentswithstructuredfamilyactivities.  Itisbelievedthathostfamilyaccommodationwillkeepthepopularityvotewithlanguagetravelstudents.Title:76.Hostfamily_________ThemeHostfamiliesareimprovingtheaccommodationquality 77._________1）Languagestudy78._________becomingfaster2）Culturalcommunication(1)79._________withhosts(2)Knowingthelocalwayoflife,peopleandculture3）80.__________oflivingBeingleastexpensivesometimes81._________1）LossofsellingpointHosts’havinglesstimeforstudents2）82._________inexpectationsStudents’becomingmoredemanding83._________Servicequalityimprovement(1)84.__________livingconditions(2)Organizingstructuredfamilyactivities85._________Hostfamilyaccommodationwillkeepthepopularityvotewithstudents.71\n文章大意：本文主要讲寄宿家庭的住宿。76．accommodation这是对全文的概括，文章第一段第一句话就给了提示信息。其中，关键词是accommodation.77．Advantages.根据第二段内容，尤其是第一句：foritsadvantagesinlanguagestudy,culturalcommunicationandcostofliving.再根据该题（表格）右边所对应的三点。其中，关键词是advantages.78.Possibly根据表格该题目的左边第一点提示及第二段第二句后languageacquisitionislikelytobecomefaster.其中，关键词是likely.TheStateofHawaiiisastateoftheUnitedStates,locatedonagroupofislandsinthecentralPacificOceansouthwestofthecontinentalUnitedStates,southeastofJapan,andnortheastofAustralia.ThestatewasadmittedtotheUniononAugust21st,1959,makingitthe50thstate.ItscapitalisHonoluluontheislandofOahu.Themostrecentcensusputsthestate’spopulationat1,211,537.ThisstateincludesnearlytheentirevolcanicHawaiianIslandchain,whichismadeupofhundredsofislandsspreadover1,500miles.Atthesoutheasternendofthegroupofislands,theeight“mainislands”areNiihau,Kauai,Oahu,Molokai,71\nLanai,Kahoolawe,Maui,andHawaii.Thelastbyfarthelargest,andisoftencalledthe“BigIsland”or“BigIsle”toavoidconfusionwiththestateasawhole.Hawaii’stallestmountain,MaunaKeastandsat13,796ft(4,205m)butistallerthanMountEverestiffollowedtothebaseofthemountain—onthefloorofthePacificOcean.AlloftheHawaiianislandswereformedbyvolcanoeseruptingfromamagma(岩浆)sourcedescribedingeologicaltheoryasahotspot.ThetheorymaintainsthatastheplatebeneathmuchofthePacificOceanmovesinanorthwesterlydirection,thehotspotremainsquiet,slowlycreatingnewvolcanoes.ThisexplainswhyonlyvolcanoesonthesouthernhalfoftheBigIsland,andtheLoihiSeamountdeepbelowthewatersoffitssoutherncoast,arepresentlyactive,withLoihibeingthenewestvolcanotoform.ThelastvolcaniceruptionoutsidetheBigIslandoccurredatHaleakalaonMauiinthelate18thcentury,thoughrecentresearchsuggeststhatHaleakala’smostrecenteruptioncouldbehundredsofyearsearlier.Becauseoftheislands’volcanicformation,nativelifebeforehumanactivityissaidtohavearrivedbythe“3W’s”:wind(carriedthroughtheair),waves(broughtbyoceancurrents),andwings(birds,insects,andwhatevertheybroughtwiththem).ThecompleteseparationoftheHawaiianIslandsinthemiddleofthePacificOceanfromanycontinent,andthewiderangeofenvironmentstobefoundonhighislandslocatedinandnearthetropic(回归线),haveresultedinavastvarietyofplantsandanimals.HawaiihasmoreendangeredspeciespersquaremileandhaslostahigherpercentageofitslocalspeciesthananywhereelseonEarth.OutlinesDetails71.ponagroupofislandsinthecentralPacificOcean72.ptotheUniononAugust21st,1959Population1,211,53971\nFormationoftheHawaiianIslandseruptionsof73.pTheHawaiianIslandchainl74.pofhundredsofislandsleight“mainlands”withthelargestcalledthe“bigIsland”or“BigIsle”toavoidbeing75.pwiththenameofthestateThetallestmountainMaunaKeawithan76.pof13,796ftWaysofthe77.pofnativelife“3W’s”:wind,wavesandwings78.pofvarietiesofplantsandanimalslbeingcompletely79.pinthemiddleofthePacificOceanfromothercontinentsl80.ponhighislandsinandnearthetropic文章大意：本文主要阐述了美国夏威夷州的地理位置、构成以及火山喷发对它的岛屿形成等的影响。Theearth'soceancanreachdepthsofupto11,000metres.Thatisdeepenoughto71\ncoverMountQomolangma!Marine(海洋的)scientistsdividetheoceansintofivezones.Eachzoneisdifferentmainlyasaresultofhowmuchsunlightreachesit.Mostofthelifeintheoceancanbefoundinthefirstzone,whichbeginsatthesurfaceandgoesdowntoabout200metres.Becausethereissunlightatthislevel,plantsareabletogrow.Marineanimalssuchasdolphins,sharks,seaturtlesandsealions,andofcourseavarietyoffish,liveinthesunlightpartoftheocean.Itisdifficulttohidefromotheranimalsinthearea,butmanyspecieshaveadaptedbybecomingdarkonthetopandlightonthebottom.Thismakesithardtoseethemagainstthedarkwaterbelowandtheblueskyabove.Thesecondstartsat200metresandgoesdowntoabout1,000metres.Somesunlightcanreachthislevel,butitisnotenoughforplantstogrow.Becausethiszoneisrelativelydark,manyofthecreaturesthatlivehereareabletomakelightwiththeirbody.Thelightfromtheseanimalsmakesthewaterlooklikeaskywithmovingstarsinit.Thethirdzoneisdark.Thisplace,about3,000metresdeep,maynotseemalikelyhabitat(栖息地),buttherearemorecreaturesherethanonemightthink.Mostoftheanimalsthatlivehereareblackorredbecauseofthelackoflight.Atthisdepth,aslowshowerofwhatlookslikesnowisfalling.Thisphenomenon,called"marinesnow",isactuallynutrientsfallingtowardsthebottomoftheocean.Itissourceoffoodforthecreaturesthatliveinthedeep.Below4,000metres,thetemperatureisnearfreezingandthereisnolightatall.Infact,thezoneissodarkandemptythatscientistsnamedthiszoneaftertheGreekwordfor"nobottom".Thereisnotmuchlifetobefoundinthiscoldandunpleasantpart.Butsomecreaturesmanagetosurviveheredespitethehighwaterpressure.Theverydeepestpartoftheoceanis2,000metresfurtherdown.Atthisdepth,thewaterpressureisextremelyhighandlifeisverydifficultforthefewcreaturesthatlivehere.Comparedtotheotherzones,thisonehasverylittlelife.Sincethereisnolighthere,someanimalsdon'thaveeyes.Whenscientistsexploredtheverydeepestpartsoftheocean,theydidnotexpecttofindanylifeatall.It71\nturnedoutthattherearecreaturesasfardownas10,000metres.Theyusuallysurvivebylivingclosetodeepseavents,"chimneys"thatsentoutgasesfromwithintheearth.(76)_______ConditionsLife(80)_______Howdotheanimaladapt?Sufaceto200metresSunlight,plantsMarines,animalsandavarietyoffishManyspeciesbecomedarkonthetopandlightonthe(83)_______200-1,000metresNotenoughsunlight,relativelydarkManycreaturesManycreaturesareabletomakelightwiththeirbody.Theymakethewaterlooklikeaskywithmoving(84)1,000-4,000metres(78)_______ofLight;“marineSnow”Motecreaturesthan(81)_______Mostoftheanimalsareblackorred.Below4,000metresDarkandempty;(79)_______waterpressureNotmuchlife;somesmallcreaturesSomesmallcreaturesstillmanagetosurviveheredespitehighwaterpressure.Below(77)_______metresExtremelyhighwaterpressure;Nolight;verycoldLittlelife;someanimalswith(82)_______eyesSomecreaturessurvivebyliving(85)____deepseavents,“chimneys”thatsendgasfromwithintheearth.76．Depth根据第一段首句中“Theearth'soceancanreachdepthsofupto11,000metres.”的描述以及本栏的内容可知此处填Depth。首字母大写。77．6，000根据文章最后一段首句“heverydeepestpartoftheoceanis2,000metres71\nfurtherdown.”可知此处为上段中提到的4000的基础上再加上2000，故此处用6000.83．bottom从第二段倒数第二句“Itisdifficulttohidefromotheranimalsinthearea,butmanyspecieshaveadaptedbybecomingdarkonthetopandlightonthebottom.”中可知此处用bottom。84．stars从第三段最后一句“Thelightfromtheseanimalsmakesthewaterlooklikeaskywithmovingstarsinit.”可知此处用stars。85．Near从最后一段末句“heyusuallysurvivebylivingclosetodeepseavents,"chimneys"thatsentoutgasesfromwithintheearth”可知此处用near。MarthaandCharlesaresittingatthekitchentable.Charlesisnervousandupset,andhe’ssmoking.Martha’seyesarered.Shelookstired.Theirchildren,twoboys—eightandten,aresittingwiththem.TonyandGeorgeknowthattheirparentsarehavingproblems.Theyargueallthetime.Theydon’ttalktoeachotheranymore.Theirmomanddadarenothappytogetheranymore.Now,theparentsaretellingthemthattheyaregoingtogetdivorced.  Theirmotheristellingthemthatshelovesthemandtheirfatherlovesthemtoo.Butsheandtheirfatherarehavingproblems.Theyaren’tgoingtolivetogetherasafamilyanymore.Theboysaregoingtolivewithher.Theyaregoingtostayinthesamehouse,andgotothesameschool.71\n  Now,fatheristellingthemthathe’sgoingtoleavethehousethisweekend.Buthepromisesnottomoveaway.Heisgoingtobeinthenextroom.Twoweekendsamonth,theboysaregoingtostaywithhim.Andthey’regoingtobewithhimonemonthinthesummertime.He’lltakehisvacationthenandthey’llgotothebeachtogether.    TonyandGeorgedon’treallyunderstandwhatishappening.Theyknowthattheirparentsaren’thappy.Buttheywantallofthemtostaytogether.                                      SuchafamilyMarthaandCharlesTonyandGeorge1.Theyaresittingatkitchentable.2.Charlesisnervousandupset,andheissmoking,(1)______Martha’seyesareredandlookstired.3.Theytalktoeachother(2)______.4.Theyaregettingreadytoget(3)_____.5.Marthalovesherchildren,(4)______.6.Charleswillgotothe(5)______withhischildrenfortheirholidays.1.TonyandGeorgearesittingwiththeir(6)______.2.Theyknowthattheirparentsarenotin(7)______andthattheyargueallthetime.Theyarehavingproblemsnow.3.Tonygoesto(8)______withhisbrotherGeorge.4.Theboyscan(9)______theirfathertwoweekendsamonthinthefuture.5.Thoughtheboysknowthattheirparentsarenothappy,yettheywantallofthemtostay(10)______. 71\n第七空:词义转换题。原句为“theirparentsarehavingproblems.Theyargueallthetime.”与本句比较,能恰当地表示原句意思的应该是notinpeace,所以答案为peace。第八空:细节题。原句为“gotothesameschool.”,所以答案为thesameschool。第九空:细节题。从“Twoweekendsamonth,theboysaregoingtostaywithhim.”这个细节可知本题的答案为staywith。第十空:本题指的是文章最后一句话,所以答案为together。答案：(1)while　(2)nomore　(3)divorced　(4)sodoesCharles　(5)beach　(6)parents　(7)peace　(8)thesameschool　(9)staywith　(10)together  Thisweekwehavefournewtitlesforourcustomers.     1.HowIMadeIt     ThisisthelifestoryofBruceWilliams,whomadeandlostseveralfortunes.Hisdepartmentstores,afterdoingsowellintheEighties,fellonhardtimesintheNinetiesuntilWilliamschangedthemintoanimmenselypopularchain71\nofsupermarkets.Williamsobviouslybelieveshecannevergowrongandthebookcoulddowithlessselfpraise,butitoffersalotofinsightintotheretailbusiness.     2.RelaxtheIndianWay    TheauthorhasdevelopedanumberofnewmethodstohandlethestressofmodernlifebasedonancientIndianbreathingexercises.Withlotsofdiagramsandasimplestyle,thebookiseasytofollow.    3.SweetRoses    Inthishistoricalromancesetin18thcenturyFrance,misunderstandingsandfamilyprickkeepthetwomaincharactersapartformostofthenovel,butintheendtheyovercomeeverydaydifficultiesinadelightfulhappyending.    4.Winning    ThebookcoversthecareerofgolfsuperstarKennyHopeanddescribeshistechniqueandstrategiesforwinning.Kennydescribesmanyofhismostfamousgamesandgiveslotsofhelptothosenewtothegameofgolf.                                BOOKCHEC1._______ AboutwhatSupposed7._______HowIMadeIt retailbusiness8._______studentsRelax2._______ 5._______handling9._______persons3._______ loveyoungpeople4._______ 6._______10._______    【思路解析】本篇文章为说明文,主要是向读者介绍几本即将上市的书。空是以“书名——内容——可能的读者”这一形式来设置的。第一空:左边这一栏是书的名称,所以答案为Titles。第二空:第二本书的标题是RelaxtheIndianWay,所以答案为theIndianWay。 71\n【考点预测】2022高考预测预测一选材新颖，贴近考生生活。任务型阅读选用的都是考生所熟知的一些话题，2022年高考任务型阅读也一定会选用考生所熟悉并感兴趣的话题，如健康、交友、名胜古迹、校园生活等。当然，考生在平时训练中也要兼顾一些社会热点问题等。预测二难度将有所降低。由2022、2022两年江苏卷的任务型阅读看，其难度较大。而2022年江苏卷的任务型有所下降。为了体现高考应具有的效度，预测2022年任务型阅读的难度于2022年相当。预测三体裁还会以说明文为主兼顾议论文，文章长度稳定。2022、2022、2022三年的任务型阅读都是说明文和议论文相结合的体裁。这类体裁的文章结构一般都比较明晰。平常练习中考生要特别注重对这类体裁的训练，同时也要兼顾其他各种体裁的文章，如议论文、记叙文等。从文章长度上看，2022年是420多个词，2022年是500多个词，2022年是500多个词。。由此预测，2022年的任务型阅读的词数应该保持在500词左右。【母题特供】每个专题5道最典型试题第四部分：任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题l分，满分l0分)请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。CommunicationPrinciples71\nHowyouseeyourselfcanmakeagreatdifferenceinhowyoucommunicate．“Everyindividualexistsinacontinuallychangingworldofexperienceofwhichhe(orshe)isthecenter”．Manycommunicationscholarsandsocialscientistsbelievethatpeopleareproductsofhowotherstreatthemandofthemessagesotherssendthem．Buteverydayweexperiencethecentralityofourselvesincommunication．Astudent．forinstance，maydescribeaconflictwithateacherasunfairtreatment：“Iknowmyteacherdoesn’tlikethefactthatIdon’tagreewithhisopinions．andthat’swhyhegavemesuchapoorgradeinthatclass．”Theteachermightsaytheopposite．Eachpersonmaybelievethatheiscorrectandthattheotherperson’sviewiswrong．Theconceptofserforiginatesincommunication．Throughverbalandnonverbalsymbols,achildlearnstoacceptrolesinresponsetotheexpectationsofothers．Youestablishself-image。Thesortofpersonyoubelieveyouare，byhowothersthinkofyou．Positive，negative，andneutralmessagesthatyoureceivefromothersallplayaroleindeterminingwhoyouare．Communicationitselfisprobablybestunderstoodasadialogueprocess．Ourunderstandingofcommunicationcomesfromourinteractionswithotherpeople．Inamoreobviousway．communicationinvolvesothersinthesensethatacompetentcommunicatorconsiderswhattheotherpersonneedsandexpectswhenselectingmessagestoshare．So，thecommunicationbeginswiththeself，asdefinedlargelybyothers，andinvolvesothers，asdefinedlargelybytheself．CommunicationOccursalmosteveryminuteofyourlife．Ifyouarenotcommunicatingwithyourself(thinking，planning，reactingtotheworldaroundyou)，youareobservingothersanddrawinginferencesfromtheirbehavior．Eveniftheotherpersondidnotintendamessageforyou．yougatherobservationsanddrawspecificconclusions．Apersonyawnsandyoubelievethatpersonisboredwithyourmessage．Asecondpersonlooksawayfromyouandyouconcludethatpersonisnotlisteningtoyou．Athirdpersonsmiles(perhapsbecauseofamemoryofajokeheheardrecently)andyoubelievethatheisattractedtoyou．Wearecontinuallypickingupmeaningsfromothers’behaviorsandweareconstantlyprovidingbehaviors71\nthathavecommunicativevalueforthem．Moreoftenthannot，youmayhavehurtsomeoneaccidentallyandyoumayhavetriedtoexplainthatyoudidnotmeanthat.Youmayhavetoldtheotherpersonthatyouweresorryforyourstatement．Youmayhavemadeajokeoutofyourrudestatement．Nonetheless，yourcommentremainsbothinthemindoftheotherpersonandinyourownmind．Youcannotgobackintimeanderaseyourmessagestoothers．Communicationcannotbereversed(倒退)，norcanitberepeated．Whenyoutriedtore—createtheatmosphere，theconversation，andthesetting，nothingseemedright．Yoursecondexperiencewithasimilarsettingandpersonmadefardifferentresults．Paragraph0utlineSupportingDetailsCommunicationbeginswiththeself●Peoplearesomewhatproductsofothers’treatmentandmessages．●wearealways(71)▲incommunicationwithothers．Communication(72)▲others●Experiencesofothershelpchildrenlearntoacceptroles．●Messagesfromothershelpyou(73)▲whoyouare．●Needsand(74)▲ofothersshouldbeconsidered．Communication(75)▲everywhere●Wearecommunicatingwithourselvesbythinking，planningandreactingtotheoutsideworld．●Wearealways(76)▲otherpeoplebyobservingeveniftheydonotintendanymessageforyou．●Weareconstantlycollectingmeaningsfromothers’(77)▲．●Weareconstantly(78)▲meaningsbywhatwedo．Communicationcannotbereversednorrepeated●Youmayexplainwhatyouhavedone，butyoucannot(79)▲whatremainsintheotherperson’smind．●Yonmayredotheconversation，butyou(80)▲achievethesameresults．71\n任务型阅读的文章主题是关于如何与人沟通71．self-centred／subjective76．reading／understanding/knowing72．involves77．behaviors／acts／action(s)／activities73．determine／define／know／understand78．conveying／expressing74．expectations／hopes／desires／wishes79．erase／remove／delete/change75．occurs／happens／exists／arises80．can’t／cannot71、【答案】self-centred／subjective74．expectations／hopes／desires／wishes。根据第二段的Inamoreobviousway，communicationinvolvesothersinthesensethatacompetentcommunicatorconsiderswhattheotherpersonneedsandexpectswhenselectingmessagestoshare可确定答案。该空应用名词，因此将动词expects改成名词expectations。75．occurs／happens／exists／arises。该空可从第三段的第一句得出答案，也可根据SupportingDetails部分的细节归纳出答案。76．reading／understanding／knowing。根据第三段的内容可以归纳出”通过观察别人的言行举止，你就会理解别人所要传递的信息”。据此可确定答案。因为空前有are，所以动词应用—ing形式。71\n71