2022版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练10含解析

2022版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（10）李仕才A(2022·安徽合肥高三质检)SalesRepresentative—ImmediateHiringDoyoulikemeetingnewpeople?Doyouenjoyclosingdealseveryday?Areyoulookingforadynamicandhighenergyindustry?THISCOULDBETHECAREER(职业)FORYOU!FastGrowingandVerySuccessfulCreditCardProcessorislookingforadynamicoutsidesalespersontosellcreditproductsandcheckprocessingservicesinthelocalarea.Whatweneedyoutodo：•Attend3－5appointmentsdaily•Sellintosmallsizedtomiddlesizedbusinesses•WorkcloselywiththesalesmanagerinDallasTX(byphone)•HavetheabilitytomanagepaperworkWeoffer：•Medicalbenefitseligibility(资格)after90days•Oneofthestrongestcompensationprogramsintheindustry•Monthlybonuses•Ajumpstartbonusofupto$750Successfulapplicantsoftenhaveexperienceincustomerservices,insidesales,outsidesales,salessupport,managementroles,orothercustomerfacingpositions.Weareanequalopportunityemployer.Wedonotdiscriminateonthebasisofrace,religion,color,sex,age,nationaloriginordisability.Pleasereplywitharesumetoday!12\nThereisadifference.ExperienceGreatWork!WehavebeenservingNorthEastOhioformorethan20yearswithofficeslocatedinAkron,Canton,Lakewood,StreetsboroandWadsworth.Applyonlineatwww.greatwork.ccandmakeacalltoourLakewoodlocationtodiscussourgreatcareeropportunityat4406630050.1．Accordingtothetext,thesalesrepresentativethecompanyislookingforshould________．A．sellintobigbusinessesB．beabletomanagepaperworkC．meetover5customerseachdayD．seethesalesmanagerinDallasTXfrequently2．Ifhired,youcan________．A．receiveamonthlysalaryof$750B．getaspecialcustomerfacingpositionC．enjoyastrongcompensationprogramD．gainmedicalbenefitseligibilitywithin90days3．Whichofthefollowingcanhelpyouapplysuccessfully?A．Theexperienceinshopping.B．Theexperienceinmanagement.C．Theexperienceofusingacreditcard.D．Theexperienceoftalkingwithasalesmanager.【解题导语】　本文是一篇招聘广告，招聘销售代表。文章详细介绍了工作内容、工作待遇、应聘者所需条件等。1．B　解析：细节理解题。根据文中的“Havetheabilitytomanagepaperwork”可知，该职位需要销售代表有处理文书工作的能力，故B项正确。2．C　解析：细节理解题。根据文中的“Oneofthestrongestcompensationprogramsintheindustry”可知，该职位可以享受业内非常强大的补偿金项目，故C项正确。3．B　解析：细节理解题。根据文中的“Successfulapplicantsoften...orothercustomerfacingpositions.”可知，该岗位需要管理经验，故B项正确。B(2022·陕西质量检测二)DearMr.Wolfson，ThepurposeofthisletteristoinformyouofoneofourcitizenswhoIbelieve12\nshouldreceivesomespecialrecognitionfordedicated(敬业的)communityservice.ThepersonIrecommendisElizabethSamuelson.Ibelieveyouknowherinyourpositionasvolunteercoordinator(协调员)．IhaveknownElizabethformorethan20yearsasbothafriendandaneighbor.DuringthattimeIhaveseenherworktirelesslyonscoresofcommunityprojectsandcommittees.AsfarasIknow，shehasneverreceivedanykindofrecognitionfromthecommunityforherwork.Ibelievesheshouldbegivensomesortofspecialrecognition.Justlastyearalone，sheworkedonatleastsixdifferentcommunityprojectsincludingtheParkRenewalProjectandtheHeritageHomesFundRaisingBanquet.Inaddition，sheisaweeklydriverfortheMealsonWheelsprogramandshevisitspatientsinthecareunitonaregularbasis.Wheneveraprojectorcommitteeneedsher，shewillputherselfintotheworkwholeheartedly.I’msurethatifyoucheckwithafewofyourstaffmemberswhohavebeenthereovertheyears，theywillconfirmElizabeth’scommunityservicerecordandprobablybeabletoaddmanyexamplestothefewIhavegivenhere.Bytheway，ElizabethhasnoideathatIamwritingthis.Sheisahumble(谦虚的)person，andifshewereawareofit，shewouldnotallowmetosendit.Ithoughtaboutwritingsuchaletteraboutheranumberoftimesinthepastbutjustnevertookaction.Thenlastweek，Inoticedinthepaperthatyousponsor(主办)anannualdinneratwhichdozensofawardsaregivenouttopeoplewithmuchlesscommunityservicethanElizabeth.Infact，Icheckedwithherandshehasneverevenbeeninvitedtothatannualevent!12\nIurgeyoutocorrectthatomission(疏忽)nowandtakeactiontoseethatElizabethisproperlyrecognizedforhermanyyearsofsilentbutoutstandingservicetothiscommunity.Sincerely，LindaSullivan1．LindaisElizabeth’s________．A．friendandcolleague　　　B．neighborandleaderC．neighborandworkerD．friendandneighbor2．FromtheletterweknowthatLinda________Elizabethmuch.A．dependsonB．looksdownuponC．ignoresD．respects3．Accordingtotheletter，Elizabeth________．A．wantstobeaskedtotakepartintheannualeventB．contributesmuchtothecommunityC．hasbeeninvitedtotheannualdinnerD．hasbeengivenalotofhonors4．WhatcanwelearnaboutMr.Wolfsonfromtheletter?A．HeknowsLindaquitewell.B．Heisacarelessperson.C．Hetriessomethingtorewardthosewhohavedonemuchcommunityservice.D．HetrieshisbesttofindElizabethanddosomethingtorewardher.【解题导语】　本文是一篇应用文。作者写信向Wolfson先生推荐一位多年来默默无闻为社区工作做出杰出贡献的人。12\n1．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，作者认识Elizabeth20多年了，她们既是邻居又是朋友。故选D。2．解析：选D。推理判断题。作者在这封信里称赞Elizabeth为社区工作不求名利、默默奉献并且很谦虚，希望Wolfson先生认可并表彰Elizabeth；由此可推知，她很尊敬Elizabeth。故选D。3．解析：选B。细节理解题。通过作者的介绍可知，Elizabeth在社区兢兢业业工作了20多年，为社区工作做出了贡献，但她却从未受到过表彰，也未被邀请参加社区年会。故选B。4．解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第四段第二句中的“Thenlastweek，Inoticedinthepaperthatyousponsor(主办)anannualdinneratwhichdozensofawardsaregivenouttopeople”可知，Wolfson先生将举办年会奖励那些为社区工作做出贡献的人。故选C。CYournamemadeyoudoit,thoughunconsciously,suggestsnewresearchthatfindsyournamecannegativelymakeyouachieveless.PsychologistsatYaleandtheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiegostudyingtheunconsciousinfluenceofnamessayapreferenceforourownnamesandinitials—the“namelettereffect”—canhavesomenegativeconsequences.StudentswhosenamesbeginwithCorDgetlowergradesthanthosewhosenamesbeginwithAorB;majorleaguebaseballplayerswhosefirstorlastnamesbeganwithKaresignificantlymorelikelytostrikeout.AssistantprofessorsLeifNelsonofUCSDandJosephSimmonsofYalehaveconductedfivestudiesoverfiveyearsusinginformationfromthousandsofindividuals.“TheconsciousprocessisthatbaseballplayerswanttogetahitandstudentswanttogetA's，”Nelsonsays.“Soifyougetachangeinperformanceinagreementwiththenamelettereffect,itclearlyshowstheremustbesomeunconsciousdesireoperatingintheotherdirection.”Theresearchers'worksupportsaseriesofstudiespublishedsince2022thathavefoundthe“namelettereffect”causespeopletomakelifechoicesbasedonnamesthatresemble(类似)theirown.ThosestudiesbyBrettPelham,anassociateprofessoratSUNYUniversity,havefoundthatpeoplearedisproportionately(不定比例地)likelytoliveinstatesorcitiesresemblingtheirnames,havecareersthatresembletheir12\nnamesandevenmarrythosewhosesurnamesbeginwiththesameletterastheirown.Thetwist,says,isthathehasbelievedthenamelettereffectwouldapplyonlytopositiveoutcomes.NelsonandSimmons,hesays,are“showingitappliesmoresotonegativethingsthanpositivethings.”Theresearcherssaytheeffectisdefinitelymoreofacoincidence(巧合)thanafact.“IknowplentyofChrisesandDavidswhohavedoneverywellinschool，”Pelhamsays.文章大意：本文为一篇议论文。加州和耶鲁大学的心理学家通过研究发现，名字与成功之间存在着“姓名－字母效应”，而对此结果，有些研究人员则表示否定，认为这不过是巧合而已。1．Thenewresearchismainlyabouttherelationshipbetweenone's________.A．nameandunconsciousnessB．nameandcharacteristicsC．nameandsuccessD．sportsandschoolachievements答案：C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“...newresearchthatfindsyournamecannegativelymakeyouachieveless.”可知，这项研究发现，尽管是无意识的，但你的名字会对你的成功有一些消极影响。因此可推断出，这项研究主要是研究姓名与成功之间的关系。故答案选C。2．Whomayserveasanexampletoshowthe“namelettereffect”？A．MissSmithworkingasalawyer.B．Mr.WattlivinginWashington.C．CharlesBrownmarriedtoSueRogers.D．PaulaSnowfondofthecolorwhite.答案：B　推理判断题。根据第五段第一句中的“...‘namelettereffect’causespeopletomakelifechoicesbasedonnamesthatresemble(类似)theirown”可知，“姓名－字母效应”使得人们选择与自己姓名字母相似的城市去生活。因此B项“Mr.WattlivingWashington”是个很好的例子，因为他的名字的开头字母与城市的开头字母是“W”。故答案选B。3．Thelastparagraphmainlytellsusthatthe“namelettereffect”________.A．isn'tbelievedinbymanypeopleB．doesn'tworkwithcertainnamesC．doesnotreallyexistD．isoftentoolittletoshow答案：D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容可知，Pelham12\n认为这项研究的结果纯属巧合，据他所知，很多以C或D为开头字母姓名的人成绩就很好。因此，他认为这种“姓名－字母效应”的研究结果没什么作用。故答案选D。D(2022·河南省实验中学检测)Beinganastronautsoundscool，doesn’tit？Inspace，theygettodosomeprettyamazingthings，likefloatinginzerogravity.However，therearealsoplentyofthingsthatastronautscan’tdobecauseoftheirweightlessenvironment，andthat’sverysad.What’sworse，theycan’tevenlettheirsadnessshow—becauseit’simpossibletocryinzerogravity.Ofcourse，astronautscanstillproducetears.Butcryingismuchmoredifficultinspace，reportedTheAtlanticinJanuary.Withoutgravity，tearsdon’tflowdownwardoutoftheeyesliketheydohereonEarth.Thismeansthatwhenyoucryinspace，yourtearshavenowheretogo—theyjuststicktoyoureyes.AstronautAndrewFeustelexperiencedthisduringoneofhisspacewalks.“Tears，”hesaid，“don’tfalloffyoureyes...Theyjustkindofstaythere.”Besidesmakingyourvisionunclear，thiscanalsocausephysicalpain.BackonEarth，tearsaresupposedtobringcomforttotheeyes.Butthat’snotthecaseinspace.Thespaceenvironmentdriesoutastronauts’eyes，andwhentearssuddenlywettheeyes，itcancausepainratherthancomfort.“Myrighteyeispainfullikecrazy.”Feusteltoldhisteammateduringthewalk.Sincegravitydoesn’tworkinspace，astronautsneedsomeextrahelptogetridofthetears.Feustelchosetorubhiseyesagainsthishelmettowipethetearsaway.Anotherchoiceistojustwait—“Whenthetearsgetbigenoughtheysimplybreak12\nfreeoftheeyeandfloataround，”astronautRonParisetoldTheAtlantic.Therearelotsofsmallthings—thingslikecrying—thatwearesousedtoonEarth.Weusuallytakethemforgranted，untiltheybecomeaprobleminatotallydifferentenvironment，likespace.There，astronautscan’ttalktoeachotherdirectly.Theyalsocan’teatordrinkinnormalways.Theycan’tevenburp(打嗝)，becausethereisnogravitytoholdthefooddownintheirstomach.Iftheydoburp，theyjustendupthrowingup(呕吐)everythingintheirstomach，accordingtotheUKNationalSpaceCenter.Thus，perhapsit’sonlyspaceexplorerswhocanhonestlysay，“Gravity，you’rethebest.”1．WhatcanweconcludefromParagraphs2and3?A．Astronautsareunabletofeelsadinspace.B．Astronautsproducefewertearsinspace.C．Tearsproducedinspaceflowdownmoreslowly.D．Tearsproducedinspacedon’tflowdownward.2．Whateffectdotearshaveonastronauts?A．Theycausephysicalpain.B．Theybringcomforttothem.C．Theymaketheirvisionclearer.D．Theyfloataroundandcausetrouble.3．Whatcantheastronautdotogetridofthetears?A．Rubhiseyesagainsthishelmettoletthetearsfloatforward.12\nB．Rubhiseyesbyhandtoletthetearsfloataround.C．Getthetearsbigenoughtofalloffofhiseyes.D．Getthetearsbigenoughtobreakawayfromhiseyes.4．What’sthelastbutoneparagraphmainlyabout?A．Suggestionsonhowastronautscanstaycomfortableinspace.B．Otherbasicthingsthataredifficulttodoinspace.C．Whyburpingisimpossibleinspace.D．Thingsthathumanscan’tdowithoutgravity.【解题导语】　本文是一篇科普说明文。很多在地球上容易完成的小事，在太空中却难以完成，如流眼泪，打嗝。文章解释了原因并说明了在太空中做这些小事给身体所带来的疼痛。1．解析：选D。推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“Withoutgravity，tearsdon’tflowdownwardoutoftheeyesliketheydohereonEarth.”可知，由于没有重力，眼泪不会像在地球上那样滚落下来；由此可推知，在太空中时，眼泪不会滚落下来。故D项正确。A、B两项文中未提及；C项与文意相反。2．解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Besidesmakingyourvisionunclear，thiscanalsocausephysicalpain.”可知，在太空中眼泪不仅会使你视力模糊，还会引起疼痛。故A项正确。B、C两项与文意相反；D项文中未提及。3．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据倒数第三段最后一句“Anotherchoiceistojustwait—‘Whenthetearsgetbigenoughtheysimplybreakfreeoftheeyeandfloataround，’astronautRonParisetoldTheAtlantic.”可知，宇航员除掉眼泪的方法之一是等待泪珠足够大时，它会自行脱离眼睛而向周围飘散，故D项正确，C项错误；根据该段第二句“Feustelchosetorubhiseyesagainsthishelmettowipethetearsaway.”可知A、B两项错误。4．解析：选B。段落大意题。通读该段内容可知，该段的主题句是第一、二句“Thereare12\nlotsofsmallthings...Weusuallytakethemforgranted，untiltheybecomeaprobleminatotallydifferentenvironment，likespace.”，由此可知，该段主要介绍了一些在太空中难以完成的小事。故B项正确。EInbringingupchildren,everyparentwatcheseagerlythechild’sacquisitionofeachnewskill-thefirstspokenwords,thefirstindependentsteps,orthebeginningofreadingandwriting.Itisoftentemptingtohurrythechildbeyondhisnaturallearningrate,butthiscansetupdangerousfeelingsoffailureandstatesofworryinthechild:Thismighthappenatanystage.Ababymightbeforcedtouseatoilettooearly,ayoungchildmightbeencouragedtolearntoreadbeforeheknowsthemeaningofthewordshereads.Ontheotherhand,though,ifachildisleftalonetoomuch,orwithoutanylearningopportunities,heloseshisnaturalenthusiasmforlifeandhisdesiretofindoutnewthingsforhimself.Patentsvarygreatlyintheirdegreeofstrictnesstowardstheirchildren.Somemaybeespeciallystrictinmoneymatters.Othersaresevereovertimesofcominghomeatnightorpunctualityformeals.Ingeneral,thecontrolsimposedrepresenttheneedsoftheparentsandthevaluesofthecommunityasmuchasthechild’sownhappiness.Asregardsthedevelopmentofmoralstandardsinthegrowingchild,consistencyisveryimportantinparentalteaching.Toforbidathingonedayandexcuseitthenextisnofoundationformorality.Also,parentsshouldrealizethat“exampleisbetterthanprecept”.Iftheyarenotsincereanddonotpracticewhattheyteach,theirchildrenmaygrowconfused,andemotionallyinsecurewhentheygrowoldenoughtothinkforthemselves,andrealizetheyhavebeentosomeextentfooled.Asuddenawarenessofamarkeddifferencebetweentheirparents’principlesandtheirmoralscanbeadangerousdisappointment.1.Eagerlywatchingthechild’sacquisitionofnewskills______.A.shouldbeavoidedB.isuniversalamongparentsC.setsupdangerousstatesofworryinthechild12\nD.willmakehimloseinterestinlearningnewthings2.Intheprocessofchildren’slearningnewskills,parents______.A.shouldencouragethemtoreadbeforetheyknowthemeaningofthewordstheyreadB.shouldnotexpecttoomuchofthemC.shouldachieveabalancebetweenpushingthemtoohardandleavingthemontheirownD.shouldcreateasmanylearningopportunitiesaspossible3.Thesecondparagraphmainlytellsusthat______.A.parentsshouldbestrictwiththeirchildrenB.parentalcontrolsreflectonlytheneedsoftheparentsandthevaluesofthecommunityC.parentalrestrictionsvary,andarenotalwaysintendedforthebenefitofthechildrenaloneD.parentsvaryintheirstrictnesstowardstheirchildrenaccordingtothesituation4.Inmoralmatters,parentsshould_______.A.observetherulesthemselvesB.beawareofthemarkeddifferencebetweenadultsandchildrenC.forbidthingswhichhavenofoundationinmoralityD.consistentlyensurethesecurityoftheirchildren【文章大意】在孩子的成长过程中，父母的教育与期望值要有一个“度”，不能揠苗助长；同时，父母也要以身作则，为孩子树立一个榜样。1.B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段开头的“Inbringingupchildren，everyparentwatcheseagerlythechild’sacquisitionofeachnewskill”可知，既然是每位父母都会这样做，那么这种做法在父母中就是普遍的，故选B。12\n3.C【解析】主旨大意题。文章第二段的大意是“父母对孩子的严格程度有很大的不同”。故选C。4.A【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段第四句“Iftheyarenotsincereanddonotpractice…”及文章最后一段可以得出结论，关于道德教育问题，父母应该以身作则，做孩子的好榜样，故选A。12